Zǐyáng máo jiān

Zǐyáng máo jiān (紫阳毛尖, Zǐyáng máo jiān) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa mbiri yakale wochokera m’boma la Zǐyáng m’chigawo cha Shǎnxī, lomwe lili kumpoto kwa chigwa cha Dàbā Shān, pamwamba pa mtsinje wa Hànjiāng. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimasiyanitsa tiyi iyi ndi kuchuluka kwa seleniyamu mwachilengedwe: Zǐyáng ndi limodzi mwa madera awiri akuluakulu a China omwe ali ndi seleniyamu mwachibadwa, ndipo mu 1989, tiyi wa ku Zǐyáng unakhala tiyi woyamba padziko lonse lapansi wachilengedwe wochuluka ndi seleniyamu amene unayesedwa mwasayansi. Funso lake la chestnut lozama, kukoma kwake kwatsopano ndi kukometsa kotsatira kooneka bwino, ndi kuchuluka kwa ubweya wa siliva pa masamba – zimenezi ndizo zizindikiro za tiyi uyu, amene mu nthawi ya Qīng anali m’gulu la tiyi khumi odziwika bwino a China.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), wosavunda. Kagulu kake ndi tiyi wobiriwira wophikidwa ndi kuwotcha ndi kuumitsa pambuyo pake, wopangidwa mwadongosolo (条形烘青绿茶, tiáoxíng hōngqīng lǜchá), wophatikiza njira ziwiri: kuwotcha (炒) ndi kuumitsa (烘).
• Gulu: Tiyi odziwika bwino m’mbiri ya China. Katundu wotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha malo (国家原产地保护, chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 2000; 国家地理标志产品; 中国驰名商标). Boma la Zǐyáng lili ndi udindo wovomerezeka wa “Dziko la Tiyi Odziwika a China” (中国名茶之乡).
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Shǎnxī (陕西省, Shǎnxī Shěng), mzinda wa Ānkāng (安康市, Ānkāng Shì), boma la Zǐyáng (紫阳县, Zǐyáng Xiàn). Bomali lili kumpoto kwa chigwa cha Dàbā Shān (大巴山, Dàbā Shān), m’mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Hànjiāng (汉江, Hànjiāng), pamphambano ya mitsinje ya Huánghé ndi Yángzǐ – kumalo amodzi akumpoto kwambiri a malo olimapo tiyi ku China.
• Midzi ya malo: Pafupifupi 32°32′ N, 108°32′ E (pakati pa boma la Zǐyáng).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

• Mbiri: Mwambo wa tiyi wa ku Zǐyáng umachokera zaka zoposa 3,000 – nthawi ya ufumu wakale wa Bā (巴国, Bāguó), pamene tiyi wa kuthengo ankamera kale m’dera la kumwera kwa Shǎnxī masiku ano. Mu nthawi ya Eastern Hàn (25–220 CE), Chibuda chinafika ku Zǐyáng, ndipo chikhalidwe cha kumwa tiyi cha amonke chinakhala choyambitsa chitukuko cha kupanga tiyi: amonke anali oletsedwa kumwa vinyo, ndipo tiyi anakhala chakumwa chachikulu chothandiza kukhala maso pa nthawi ya kusinkhasinkha. Mu nthawi ya Táng (618–907), tiyi wa ku boma unakhala msonkho (土贡, tǔgòng) wa chigawo cha Jīnzhōu (金州, Jīnzhōu – dzina lakale la Ānkāng), wotumizidwa ku nyumba yachifumu. Mu nthawi za Sòng ndi Míng, tiyi wa ku Zǐyáng unakhala chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa ndondomeko ya “Kusinthana Tiyi ndi Mahatchi” (茶马法, chámǎ fǎ), zomwe zidachititsa kuti kupanga tiyi kuchuluke kwambiri: zolemba zakale zimalongosola kuti “usana ndi usiku amapanga tiyi popanda kupumula” (昼夜制茶不休). Mu nthawi ya Qīng, Zǐyáng máo jiān analowa m’gulu la tiyi khumi odziwika a China ndipo anayamikiridwa ndi mavesi: “Kuyambira kale, kumwera kwa mapiri, masika amafika msanga – pofika Qīngmíng, tiyi wa Zǐyáng amaphikidwa kale” (自昔岭南春独早, 清明已煮紫阳茶). Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa PRC mu 1949, ntchito yokonzekera kukweza khalidwe la tiyi inayamba. Mu 1965, kagulu ka mitundu ya ku Zǐyáng (紫阳种) kanavomerezedwa ngati umodzi mwa mitundu 21 yoyamba ya tiyi yovomerezeka m’dziko lonse. Pa Seputembala 6, 1989, ku Beijing, kuyesa kwasayansi kwa mbiri kunachitika – tiyi wochuluka ndi seleniyamu wa ku Zǐyáng unakhala tiyi woyamba padziko lonse wachilengedwe wokhala ndi seleniyamu yemwe analandira chivomerezo cha sayansi. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 2000, tiyi unalandira chitetezo chaboma potengera malo ake.
• Dzina: 紫阳 (Zǐyáng) – “Zǐyáng”, dzina la boma, lomwe limachokera ku dzina la Chitao la “Zǐyáng Zhēnrén” (紫阳真人) – woyambitsa sukulu ya kumwera ya Chitao, Zhāng Bóduān, yemwe ankachita zinthu m’dera limeneli; kumasulira kwake ndi “kuwala kofiirira” (紫气东来, 阳光普照). 毛尖 (Máo Jiān) – “nsonga zaubweya” – dzina lachikale la tiyi opangidwa kuchokera ku timphukira tating’ono tokhala ndi ubweya wochuluka (白毫, báiháo).
• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Zǐyáng máo jiān ndi chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe cha tiyi cha kumwera kwa Shǎnxī ndi “muzu ndi mzimu” wa tiyi wa Shǎnxī (陕西茶叶的根和魂). Tiyi unagwira ntchito ya mbiri ngati ulalo wogwirizanitsa anthu a mtundu wa Hàn ndi anthu oyendayenda a kumpoto chakumadzulo kudzera mu malonda a “tiyi-mahatchi”. Katswiri wotchuka wa zakudya ku China, Yú Ruòmù (于若木, Yú Ruòmù), ananena za tiyi uyu kuti “Tiyi wa Zǐyáng ndi wochuluka ndi seleniyamu, wothana ndi khansa, wopambana pa mtundu, fungo ndi kukoma – chuma chenicheni pakati pa tiyi onse.” Chikondwerero cha pachaka cha chikhalidwe cha tiyi ku Zǐyáng chakhala chochitika chofunika kwambiri m’deralo.

3. Malongosoledwe a Zomera ndi Zopangira:

• Mtundu / Mbeu: Mtundu waukulu ndi kagulu ka mitundu ya Zǐyáng (紫阳群体种, Zǐyáng qúntǐ zhǒng), wovomerezedwa ngati mtundu wabwino wamba m’dziko (国家级地方良种). Iwo ndi wamtundu wa chitsamba (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) wokhala ndi masamba a mawonekedwe a ellipse kapena lanceolate. Amadziwika chifukwa cha kutulutsa masamba msanga, nthambi zochuluka, kulimba ndi mikhalidwe yovuta, ndi kuchuluka bwino kwa zipatso. Zomwe zili mu masamba atsopano: ma polyphenol – 30.35%, ma amino acid – 3.08%, seleniyamu – pafupifupi 0.6530 mg/kg (kwambiri kufika pa 3.8536 mg/kg).
• Kututa: Kututa kwa masika kumapatsa khalidwe labwino kwambiri. Zopangira zabwino kwambiri ndi “pamaso pa Qīngmíng” (明前茶, míngqián chá), pamene timphukira timakhala tosakhwima kwambiri ndipo ma amino acid amakhala ochuluka.
• Muyezo wa kututa: Kwa magulu apamwamba (银针, yínzhēn – “asingano a siliva”) – timphukira twaumodzi tokha. Kwa gulu la “Cuìfēng” (翠峰, Cuìfēng) – timphukira ndi tsamba limodzi loyamba kutuluka (一芽一叶初展). Kwa gulu lalikulu la Máo Jiān – timphukira ndi masamba amodzi kapena awiri.
• Zofunika pa zopangira: Kuti apange jin imodzi (500 g) ya tiyi, amafunika timphukira 18,000-24,000 ta mtundu wa masamba apakatikati. Zopangira ziyenera kukhala zatsopano, zofanana, popanda masamba owonongeka kapena okhwima.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

• Nyengo ndi mawonekedwe a nthaka: Derali lili pansi pa mapiri a Dàbā Shān kumpoto – ndi dera la zigwa za mapiri, makangwa, ndi maphokoso otsetsereka pamwamba pa Hànjiāng. Mapiri amapanga chotchinga chachilengedwe ku mphepo zozizira za kumpoto chakumadzulo (ntchito ya mapiri a Qínlǐng), ndipo mafunde achinyezi ochokera kumwera amabweretsa nyengo yofatsa ya subtropical. Kutentha kwapachaka kumakhala 15–18 °C, mvula yapachaka imaposa 1,200 mm, ndipo mapiri amakutidwa ndi mitambo ndi chifunga chaka chonse.
• Msinkhu wa kumera: Minda ya tiyi yayikulu ili m’zigwa za mapiri ndi pamapiri otsetsereka m’mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Hànjiāng ndi Rènhé (任河, Rènhé). Malo apakati ndi zigwa za mapiri za Huàngǔ (焕古乡, Huàngǔ Xiāng) ndi Hépíng (和平乡, Hépíng Xiāng), komanso minda ya tiyi yachilengedwe m’mphepete mwa Hànjiāng ndi Rènhé.
• Dothi: Dothi lachikasu lamchenga lamchisa (酸性黄沙土), lopangidwa kuchokera ku miyala ya granite, pH 4.5–6.5. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa seleniyamu mwachilengedwe: kuchuluka kwa Se mu dothi kumakhala 0.70–15.59 ppm, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa miyala yosowa ya m’nthawi ya Cambrian yoyambirira yomwe ili ndi seleniyamu wochuluka m’boma lonselo. Dothili limakhalanso ndi zinki, strontium, ndi ma microelements ena ochuluka, komanso limakhala ndi zinthu zambiri za organic ndi mpweya wabwino.
• Makhalidwe a kulima: Zǐyáng ndi limodzi mwa madera akumpoto kwambiri a tiyi ku China (北缘茶区), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zizisungunuke pang’onopang’ono m’masamba, kumera kuchedwe, ndipo chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid ndi ma fungo a tiyi kumakhala kokwezeka. Derali limadziwika ngati “nkhokwe yachilengedwe ya jini ya mitundu yabwino ya tiyi ya kumpoto” (北方茶区优质茶树品种资源的天然基因库).

5. Luso la Kupanga:

Kupanga Zǐyáng máo jiān kumaphatikizapo magawo khumi ofunika ndikuphatikiza kuwotcha ndi kuumitsa (炒烘结合, chǎohōng jiéhé):

1. Kuyala kuti zithike pang’ono (摊青, tānqīng): Zopangira zatsopano zimayalidwa mosanjikiza pang’ono kuti zinyezi za pamwamba zizituluka pang’onopang’ono ndikukonzekera kukonza.
2. Kukonza / “kupha zobiriwira” (杀青, shāqīng): Kuwotcha mu wok yophwanyika pa kutentha pafupifupi 150 °C (mwamwambo pamoto wa nkhuni), ndi kuyika pafupifupi 1,500 g ya masamba atsopano. Masamba amayamba kutembenuzidwa ndi manja, kenako, akakhala otentha kwambiri, ndi foloko yamatabwa. Kuwotcha kumayimitsidwa pamene masamba afika pa mtundu wobiriwira woderapo, kukhala ofewa, ndi kutulutsa fungo loyera.
3. Kukhotetsa koyamba (初揉, chūróu): Kukhotetsa mopepuka kuti apatsidwe mawonekedwe oyamba ndikutsegula timadzi ta m’maselo.
4. Kuwotcha kopangira (炒坯, chǎopī): Kuwotcha kwapakati kuti achotse chinyezi china ndikupanga mbiri ya kukoma.
5. Kukhotetsanso (复揉, fùróu): Masamba a theka lonyowa amakhotetsedwa ndi zikhato, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti apange kukhotetsa kolimba ndikutulutsa ubweya pa pamwamba.
6. Kuumitsa koyamba (初烘, chūhōng): Kuumitsa kotentha kuti achepetse chinyezi ndikukhazikitsa mawonekedwe.
7. Kuwongola ndi kuumba (理条, lǐtiáo): Kuwongola kwa manja kwa mawonekedwe a tsamba lililonse kuti likhale lofanana.
8. Kuumitsanso (复烘, fùhōng): Kuumitsa kwachiwiri pa kutentha kwapakati.
9. Kutulutsa ubweya (提毫, tíháo): Pa kutentha kwa 70–80 °C, ubweya wa siliva umatulutsidwa pamwamba pa masamba – chizindikiro chowonekera cha Máo Jiān.
10. Kuumitsa komaliza ndi kuwonjezera fungo (足干焙香, zúgān bèixiāng): Kuumitsa komaliza pa kutentha kochepetsedwa mpaka chinyezi chikhale ≤ 7%, pamene fungo lozama la chestnut limakhazikika.

Zindikirani: Luso lachikale linkaphatikizapo kuumitsa dzuwa kapena mumthunzi (晒青, shàiqīng), zomwe zinkasunga ma enzyme achangu ndikupatsa tiyi kuthekera koti akule bwino. Luso lamakono la “kuwotcha + kuumitsa” limayang’ana kwambiri kutulutsa fungo la chestnut.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:

• Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Mitundu iwiri ikulikulu: “Asingano a Siliva” (银针) – masamba owongoka ngati singano ochokera ku timphukira toyeretsedwa, okutidwa ndi ubweya woyera; “Cuìfēng” (翠峰) – masamba okhotetsedwa, opindika pang’ono, okhala ndi ubweya wooneka bwino. Mtundu ndi wobiriwira woderapo.
• Fungo la masamba owuma: Fungo lowala, lolimba la chestnut (栗香, lìxiāng) – ndilo fungo lalikulu; ndi kukoma kwa timphukira (嫩香, nènxiāng) kosalala, komwe kumadziwika m’magulu apamwamba.
• Fungo la chimwera: Fungo lozama la chestnut, lalitali komanso losalekeza (栗香高长); m’mitundu yabwino kwambiri – ndi kamvekedwe ka maluwa.
• Kukoma: Kutsitsimula koonekera bwino (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng) – zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid (3.08%); kuchuluka kokwanira (醇厚, chúnhòu); kukometsa kotsatira koonekera, kosalekeza (回甘, huígān), kumene kumakula pang’onopang’ono pambuyo pa kumeza koyamba. Mukayesa koyamba, kukoma kumatha kuoneka ngati kofatsa, kenako kuwawa pang’ono kumatulukira, ndipo kenaka fungo lolimba ndi kukometsa kotsatira kumakula.
• Mtundu wa chimwera: Wobiriwira wosalala (嫩绿), wooneka bwino, wosawonekera, wonyezimira moonekera bwino (清澈明亮).
• Pansi pa kapu (masamba ophikidwa): Masamba ofewa, otukumuka, osasweka – obiriwira, owala, ofanana, osonkhana ngati “timphukira” (嫩绿明亮, 匀整成朵).

7. Zomwe Zili mu Chemical:

• Ma polyphenol (ma catechin): Kuchuluka kwa ma polyphenol a tiyi ndi 30.35% (malinga ndi kusanthula kwa masamba atsopano a kagulu ka mitundu ya Zǐyáng). Ma catechin (EGCG, EGC, ECG) ndi ma antioxidant akuluakulu.
• Ma amino acid (kuphatikiza L-theanine): Kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid aulere ndi 3.08%. L-theanine imapanga kukoma kotsekemera ndi “thupi” la kukoma, komanso imathandiza kupumula pang’ono ndikukhazikika maganizo.
• Ma alkaloid: Caffeine – pafupifupi 3%, theobromine, theophylline. Kuchuluka kwa caffeine kumapangitsa kuti tiyi ikhale ndi mphamvu yotsitsimula.
• Seleniyamu (Se): Microelement yofunika kwambiri yomwe imasiyanitsa tiyi wa ku Zǐyáng ndi tiyi wina aliyense wobiriwira. Kuchuluka kwapakati kwa Se mu tiyi ndi 0.6530 mg/kg, kwambiri kufika pa 3.8536 mg/kg. Izi ndi pafupifupi 5.5 kuwirikiza kuposa mu tiyi wobiriwira wamba. Seleniyamu mu tiyi imakhala mu mawonekedwe a organic ndipo imakhala yosavuta kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thupi.
• Mavitamini: Vitamini C, mavitamini a gulu B, β-carotene – m’masamba atsopano a masika.
• Maminerali: Zinki, strontium, potaziyamu, manganese – ochuluka, chifukwa cha maminerali a dothi lochuluka ndi seleniyamu.
• Mafuta ofunikira: Amapanga fungo la chestnut; maonekedwe ake amakhazikitsidwa ndi malo a kumpoto kwa dera la tiyi ndi kusungunuka pang’onopang’ono kwa zinthu za fungo.

8. Ubwino Wathanzi:

1. Thandizo la antioxidant: Kuchuluka kwa ma polyphenol pamodzi ndi seleniyamu ya organic kumapereka chitetezo cholimba cha antioxidant. Seleniyamu ndi cofactor ya enzyme ya glutathione peroxidase – imodzi mwa ma enzyme ofunika kwambiri a antioxidant m’thupi.
2. Kulimbitsa chitetezo: Kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid ndi seleniyamu ya organic kumathandizira kulimbikitsa machitidwe a chitetezo.
3. Mphamvu yotsitsimula: Kuphatikizika kwa caffeine (~3%) ndi L-theanine kumapanga kukhala maso koyenera – kwamphamvu koma kopanda nkhawa.
4. Thandizo la kayendedwe ka lipid ndi carbohydrate: Ma polyphenol ndi ma amino acid amagwirira ntchito limodzi powongolera kuchuluka kwa kolesterolini ndi shuga m’magazi.
5. Mphamvu yoyeretsa ndi yotsitsimutsa: Mwamwambo, tiyi amayamikiridwa chifukwa chothetsa ludzu, kuchotsa kutentha kwamkati, ndi kulimbikitsa kupanga malovu (生津, shēngjīn).
6. Thandizo la mtima ndi mitsempha: Seleniyamu ndi ma catechin amathandizira limodzi kuti mitsempha ikhale yotanuka komanso kukhazikika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
7. Thandizo la kuzindikira: L-theanine imathandiza kukhazikika maganizo ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika.

Chenjezo: Osavomerezeka kumwa pamimba yopanda kanthu (ma tannin amatha kukwiyitsa m’mimba). Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kusakhazikika kwa mitsempha ayenera kukhala ochepa (caffeine ~3%). Osavomerezeka kumwa pamaso pa kugona komanso limodzi ndi mankhwala (ingathe kusokoneza kuyamwidwa kwawo). Chimwera cha dzulo sichoyenera kumwa.

9. Kuphika:

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 80 °C – ndiye koyenera kuti pakhale kutsitsimula ndi kuzama kwa chestnut.
• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml a madzi (chiŵerengero 1:50).
• Chotengera: Galasi lowonekera bwino – ndilo njira yayikulu, yomwe imalola kuwona timphukira taubweya tikufutukuka. Gaiwan ya porcelain – ndi njira ina yoyenera.
• Ndondomeko (njira ya kutsikira pansi / 下投法, xiàtóu fǎ):
  1. Tenthetsani galasi ndi madzi otentha.
  2. Ikani tiyi (3 g).
  3. Thirani madzi (80 °C) mpaka odzaza.
  4. Lolani mphindi 2 musanameze koyamba.
  5. Imwani mpaka pakati pa chimodzi mwa magawo atatu, kenako onjezerani madzi.
  6. Kumwa kulikonse kotsatira, onjezerani mphindi 30.
  7. Tiyi wabwino amatha kupirira kuonjezerapo 3-4.

10. Kusunga:

• Mikhalidwe: Kutsekedwa bwino, kutetezedwa ku fungo lachilendo, kuwala ndi chinyezi.
• Kutentha: 0–5 °C (m’firiji) – ndiye njira yabwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Musanatsegule, lolani kuti phukusi lifike kutentha kwa chipinda.
• Nthawi: Tiyi watsopano – mkati mwa mwezi umodzi kuti akhale ndi fungo lalikulu. M’phukusi lotsekedwa m’firiji – mpaka miyezi 12. Pambuyo pa kutsegulidwa – masabata 2-4.

11. Mtengo ndi Zachinyengo:

• Magulu a mitengo: Gulu lapadera (银针, asingano a siliva) – kuyambira 800–1500 yuan pa jin kapena kuposa pamenepo, malinga ndi chaka ndi wopanga. Gulu loyamba (翠峰) – 400–800 yuan. Gulu lachiwiri ndi lachitatu – ndi zotsika mtengo kwambiri, komabe zimakhala ndi fungo la chestnut ndi mbiri ya seleniyamu.
• Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mtengo: Gulu, nthawi yotuta (pamaso pa Qīngmíng kapena pambuyo pake), msinkhu wa kulima, kututa ndi manja kapena makina, kuchuluka kwa seleniyamu.
• Momwe mungapewere zachinyengo:
  1. Yang’anani zilembo: Zǐyáng máo jiān weniweni ayenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo “紫阳富硒茶” ndi wopanga wochokera ku boma la Zǐyáng.
  2. Unikani maonekedwe: Gulu lapamwamba lenileni – masamba okhotetsedwa mwamphamvu, ofanana, okhala ndi ubweya wa siliva wochuluka ndi kuwala kobiriwira koderapo.
  3. Yang’anani fungo: Fungo la chestnut loyera, lozama lopanda kununkha koipa, kutenthedwa, kapena fungo la udzu.
  4. Onani chimwera: Mtundu wobiriwira wosawonekera bwino, wopanda matope; masamba pansi pa kapu – osasweka, ofewa, obiriwira owala.
  5. Yang’anani mtengo: Mtengo wochepa kwambiri pa “gulu lapadera la seleniyamu” ndi chizindikiro cha chinyengo.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

1. Kutsogola padziko lonse: Mu 1989, komiti ya akatswiri a zakudya, sayansi ya tiyi, ndi zamankhwala inatsimikizira kuti tiyi wa ku Zǐyáng ndi tiyi woyamba padziko lonse wachilengedwe wokhala ndi seleniyamu wovomerezedwa mwasayansi.
2. Dzina la Chitao: Boma la Zǐyáng ndi lomwe liri lokhalo ku China lotchedwa ndi dzina la Chitao: Zhāng Bóduān (张伯端, Zhāng Bóduān), wodziwika ngati “Zǐyáng Zhēnrén” (紫阳真人, “Munthu Weniweni wa Kuwala Kofiirira”), ankachita zinthu kuno mu nthawi ya Northern Sòng ndipo anayambitsa sukulu ya kumwera ya Chitao.
3. Kazembe wa tiyi: M’mbiri, tiyi wa ku Zǐyáng unali chinthu chofunika kwambiri mu malonda a “tiyi-mahatchi” (茶马互市) – ndondomeko yosinthana yomwe imagwirizanitsa China ya Hàn ndi anthu oyendayenda a kumpoto chakumadzulo ndikulimbikitsa ubale pakati pa mafuko.
4. Cholowa chamitundu: Kagulu ka mitundu ya Zǐyáng (紫阳种) kanalembedwa m’kaundula woyamba wa dziko wa mitundu yabwino yovomerezeka mu 1965 ndipo amadziwika ngati “nkhokwe yachilengedwe ya jini” ya dera la tiyi la kumpoto.
5. Kumeza katatu kwa choonadi: Mwambo wamba umafuna kuti tiyi wa Zǐyáng amwedwe osachepera katatu: kumeza koyamba – kofatsa komanso kosakoma; kwachiwiri – kumatulutsa kuwawa pang’ono ndi kuzama kwa fungo; kwachitatu – kumaonetsa kukoma kwathunthu ndi kukoma kotsatira komwe kumakula, “kumene kungakwanire moyo wonse,” monga amanenera m’malo a tiyi a ku Zǐyáng.

13. Mitundu Ina ya Zǐyáng máo jiān:

• Zǐyáng Yínzhēn (紫阳银针, Zǐyáng Yínzhēn) – “Asingano a Siliva”: Gulu lapamwamba. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku timphukira toyeretsedwa. Maonekedwe – owongoka, ngati singano, okhala ndi ubweya wa siliva wochuluka. Fungo – losalala, la “timphukira” (嫩香); kukoma – kwatsopano kwambiri ndi kotekemera.
• Zǐyáng Cuìfēng (紫阳翠峰, Zǐyáng Cuìfēng) – “Nsonga ya Emerald”: Gulu loyamba. Timphukira ndi tsamba limodzi loyamba kutuluka. Maonekedwe – okhotetsedwa, okhala ndi ubweya wochuluka. Fungo – lozama la chestnut; kukoma – kolimba, ndi kukometsa kotsatira koonekera bwino.
• Zǐyáng máo jiān (tanthauzo lalikulu): Gulu lachiwiri-lachitatu. Timphukira ndi masamba amodzi kapena awiri. Maonekedwe – okhotetsedwa mwadongosolo. Fungo – lolimba la chestnut; kukoma – kolimba, kowawa pang’ono, komwe kumapirira kuphika kambiri.

14. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wobiriwira wa mtundu wa Máo Jiān:

• Xìnyáng Máo Jiān (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máo Jiān): “Khumi” lodziwika lochokera m’chigawo cha Hénán. Tiyi onsewa ndi a mtundu wa Máo Jiān ndi ubweya wochuluka, koma wa Xìnyáng alibe seleniyamu. Fungo la Xìnyáng ndi lochuluka “la udzu” ndi “la chestnut”, ndipo kukoma kwake ndi kotsitsimula kwambiri komanso kosalimba kuposa la Zǐyáng.
• Dūyún Máo Jiān (都匀毛尖, Dūyún Máo Jiān): “Khumi” la ku Guìzhōu. Masamba ang’onoang’ono, okhala ndi ubweya wochepa kwambiri, wosalala, ndi fungo losalala la “nyemba”. Poyerekeza ndi la Zǐyáng – ndi lopepuka kwambiri pa thupi ndipo silinafunso la chestnut kwambiri.
• Guìzhōu Lǜ Zhū (贵州绿珠, Guìzhōu Lǜ Zhū): Tiyi wobiriwira wozungulira wa ku Guìzhōu – mawonekedwe osiyana kotheratu (timibulu vs. kukhotetsa kwadongosolo), koma ofanana pa kutsitsimula. Alibe seleniyamu.

Pomaliza:

Zǐyáng máo jiān ndi tiyi umene geology inakumana ndi botany ndi mwambo wa zaka zikwi za anthu. Miyala yosowa ya m’nthawi ya Cambrian yoyambirira, yodzaza ndi seleniyamu, imadyetsa mizu ya zitsamba za tiyi zomwe zimamera pamapiri otsetsereka a zigwa za Dàbā Shān, ndipo akatswiri, omwe luso lawo limachokera ku nthawi ya Táng, amasandutsa timphukira tosakhwima kukhala tiyi wokhala ndi fungo lozama la chestnut ndi kukoma kosiyanasiyana. Kwa okonda tiyi wobiriwira omwe amafunafuna zonse ziwiri: kugwira ntchito (seleniyamu yachilengedwe) ndi kukoma kwapamwamba, Zǐyáng máo jiān ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri komanso zosadziwika bwino kunja kwa China.