Zǐyáng Hóngchá · new.thetea.app

Zǐyáng Hóngchá ndi tii wofiira wochokera ku dera la Ziyang (紫阳县) kum’mwera kwa chigawo cha Shaanxi, dera lokhala kumpoto kwambiri mwa mbiri ya madera akale a tii ku China. Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimasiyanitsa Ziyang ndi mitundu ina yonse ya tii wofiira ku China ndi kukhalapo kwake kwachilengedwe kwa seleniamu: derali lili mu gawo limodzi la magawo awiri akuluakulu a miyala yokhala ndi seleniamu m’dziko, ndipo tii wense amene amalimidwa m’nthaka yake amakhala “tii yachilengedwe ya seleniamu” (天然富硒茶, tiānrán fùxī chá). Ndilo mbiri ya seleniamu yomwe yakhala maziko a sayansi ndi chizindikiro cha malonda cha Ziyang Hong Cha.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tii wofiira wa China (红茶, hóngchá), wowotchera mokwanira.
Gulu: Tii wofiira wa Shaanxi; umaphatikizidwa mu chizindikiro chotchedwa “Ziyang Fuxicha” (紫阳富硒茶, “Tii yoseleniamu ya Ziyang”), chomwe chinalembetsedwa ngati chizindikiro cha malo (地理标志产品, GI) komanso chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha malonda (中国驰名商标). M’mbiri, Ziyang ndi dera lomwe limatchuka kwambiri ndi tii wobiriwira (odziwika bwino monga Ziyang Maojian ndi Ziyang Cuifeng), koma kuyambira m’zaka za m’ma 2000, tii wofiira wakhala akukula m’gulu la malonda.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Shaanxi (陕西省, Shǎnxī Shěng), mzinda wa Ankang (安康市, Ānkāng Shì), dera la Ziyang (紫阳县, Zǐyáng Xiàn). Madera omwe amalimamo tiyi ali ndi matauni ndi midzi 20: Chengguan, Huangu, Xiangyang, Hongchun, Maoba, Maliu, Donghe, Haoping, Wamiao, Gaoqiao, Shuangqiao, Bantao, Huishui, Hanwang, Shuang’an, Dongmu, Bajiao, Miaohe, Guangcheng, Liaoyuan ndi ena.
Mapangidwe a malo: pafupifupi 32°28′ kumpoto, 108°25′ kum’mawa (pakati pa dera la Ziyang).

2. Mbiri ndi Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Chikhalidwe cha tii ku Ziyang ndi chimodzi mwa zakale kwambiri ku China. Dera lino linali la ufumu wakale wa Ba (巴国), omwe anthu ake adayamba kulima tii m’nthawi ya Shang-Zhou (zaka za m’ma 11–2 BC). Munthawi ya Western Han (206 BC – 9 AD), malonda a tii adakhazikitsidwa, ndipo mu nthawi ya Tang (618–907), tii yochokera kum’mwera kwa Shaanxi – “tii ya mapiri a kum’mwera” (山南茶, shānnán chá) – idalembetsedwa ngati mphatso kwa nyumba yachifumu. M’nthawi ya Song ndi Ming, Ziyang idakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pakusinthanitsa tii ndi akavalo (茶马互市, chámǎ hùshì) kumalire a kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa ufumu: tii imasinthanitsidwa ndi akavalo ochokera kwa anthu osakhazikika, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kudali kwakukulu moti zolemba za mbiri zimati – “olima tii adagwira ntchito usana ndi usiku, amuna adasiya minda, akazi – nsalu zawo.” Mu nthawi ya Qing, Ziyang Maojian (紫阳毛尖) adalowa mu gulu la tii khumi zodziwika kwambiri ku China. Ndime yandakatulo yokhala “自昔关南春独早，清明已煮紫阳茶” (“Kuyambira kale kum’mwera kwa mlengalenga masika amabwera msanga – pokwaniritsa Qingmin, tii ya Ziyang imaphikidwa kale”) inadakhala mawu otsatika mu chikhalidwe cha tii. Mu 1915, tii yochokera ku Ziyang idawonetsedwa pa Panama-Pacific International Exhibition ku San Francisco. Italia kukhazikitsidwa kwa China (PRC), mu 1951, Ziyang idalembetsedwa mu pulani ya dziko yopanga tii. Mu 1965, mtundu wotchedwa Ziyang zhuyezhong (紫阳槠叶种) udavomerezedwa ndi unduna wa zaulimi ngati umodzi mwa mitundu 21 ya dziko yapamwamba ya tii. Nthawi ya seleniamu idayamba mu 1989, pamene komiti ya sayansi ya Shaanxi idachita kafukufuku ku Beijing ndikutsimikizira mwalamulo kuti tii ya Ziyang ili ndi mphamvu yothandiza kuthana ndi antioxidant, anti-tumor, ndi radioprotective chifukwa cha seleniamu yachilengedwe – iyi idakhala chigamulo choyamba cha sayansi cha “tii ya seleniamu” ku China. Mu 1990, wachiwiri kwa wapampando wa Komiti Yokhazikika ya National People’s Congress, Xi Zhongxun (习仲勋), adalembera chindindo cha calligraphy cha Ziyang Fuxicha cholemba “Mphatso ya thanzi, yotchuka mdziko lonse” (健康佳品，驰誉神州). Mu 2004, tii idalandira chitetezo cha boma ngati chizindikiro cha malo; mu 2005 idalembetsedwa ngati chizindikiro cha certification; mu 2008, derali lidalandira mutu woti “Malawi a Tii Yodziwika ya China” (中国名茶之乡); mu 2012, chizindikirocho chidakhala chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha malonda (中国驰名商标); mu 2013, Ziyang idakhala yoyamba m’dziko ngati “chitsanzo cha dera la chizindikiro chodziwika cha tii ya seleniamu”; mu 2019, idalandira chizindikiro chowonjezera cha GI cha zinthu zaulimi; mu 2020, Ziyang Fuxicha adalowa mumpukutu wachiwiri wa zizindikiro za malo zomwe EU ndi China zimagwirizana.
Dzina: Ziyang (紫阳) ndi dzina la dera, lomwe linachokera kwa mbuye wa Taoist, Zhang Boduan (张伯端), yemwe amadziwika ndi dzina laulemu Ziyang Zhenren (紫阳真人, “Munthu Woona wa Ziyang”), woyambitsa sukulu yakumwera ya Taoism (道教南派), yemwe amaphunzitsa m’mapanga a m’mapiri a komweko. Liwu lomwe “Ziyang” limatanthauza “nyali yofiirira yochokera kum’mawa, kunyezimira konse” (紫气东来，阳光普照). Ziyang ndi malo okhawo ku China omwe anatchulidwa ndi kupembedza kwa Taoist. Hongcha (红茶) – “tii wofiira.”
Kufunika kwachikhalidwe: Dera la Ziyang ndi malo amene amakumana ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana: chikhalidwe cha tii (贡茶之乡 – “malawi a tii yoperekedwa”), cholowa cha Taoist (phanga la Ziyang, kachisi wa Leigutai), chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za anthu (紫阳民歌, “nyimbo za anthu za Ziyang” – chinthu cha cholowa chosaonekera cha dziko), komanso zakudya zokhudzana ndi seleniamu. Mwambo wa tii ku Ziyang nthawi zambiri umaphatikizapo kutsanulira katatu (三道水) ndipo umawonedwa ngati wosakwanira popanda izo: kumwa koyamba – kopanda kanthu, pafupifupi madzi; kachiwiri – kuwawa pang’ono kumene kusintha kukhala fungo; kachitatu – kutsekulira kwathunthu kwa kukoma kumene kumatha nthawi yaitali pakatipachi. Malo ochuluka a tii (茶馆) pakati pa dera ndi chithunzi chamoyo cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha tii, chofanana ndi nyumba zakale za tii za ku Chengdu. Kuyambira 2001, chikondwerero cha chikhalidwe cha tii cha Ziyang chimachitika chaka chilichonse, ndipo chimakopa anthu okonda tii ochokera ku China konse. Dera lino lilinso malo ofunika osungira madzi a polojekiti ya “Kutenga Madzi Kuchokera Kumwera Kupita Kumpoto” (南水北调), zomwe zimayika malamulo okhwima a chilengedwe ndikusunga kuyeretsa kwa malo.

3. Malongosoledwe a Zomera ndi Malo:

Mtundu / Kalitivala: Kalitivala wamkulu ndi Ziyang zhuyezhong (紫阳槠叶种, Zǐyáng zhūyè zhǒng), gulu la kwanuko la Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, lomwe linavomerezedwa mu 1965 ngati umodzi mwa mitundu 21 ya dziko yapamwamba. Mtengo wa tiyi umakhala wam’buna, wokhala ndi mphukira zoyamba, nthambi zambiri, kukana chisanu, ndipo masamba ake atsopano amakhala ndi zinthu zambiri za biokemikolo. Amadziwika ndi chiyerekezo chabwino cha polyphenols ndi ma amino acid, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwa tii wobiriwira komanso wofiira.
Kututa: Kuyambira pakati pa Marichi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Octoba. Kututa kwa masika (pamaso pa Qingming ndi Guliyo) – ndiko kofunika kwambiri; magulu a chilimwe ndi a dzino nawonso amasinthidwa, kuphatikizapo kukhala tii wofiira.
Mulingo wa kututa: Kwa magulu apamwamba a tii wofiira – mphukira 1 kapena mphukira 1 + tsamba 1; kwa magulu wamba – mphukira 1 + masamba 2 ndi magawo ena ofewa omwewo.
Zofunika pa malo: Mphukira zatsopano, zathunthu zopanda kuvulala; malo ayenera kusinthidwa pasanathe maola 8 mutatha kututa; kuika m’magulu oyambirira.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Kutalika kwa malo olimako: 350–900 m (dera lalikulu la minda ya tii); malo ndi ogawanika kwambiri – mapiri, mitsinje yakuya ndi zigwa zopapatiza za mitsinje; kutalika konse m’derali kumachokera pa 277 mpaka 2 522 m.
Nyengo: Nyengo yotentha yamphepete mwa nyanja ya chakumpoto chapakati. Kutentha kwapakati pa chaka – 15,1 °C; nthawi yopanda chisanu – masiku 268; phiri la Qinling (秦岭) kumpoto limatsekereza mpweya wozizira wa Siberia, pamene mapiri a Dabashan (大巴山) kumwera amasunga mpweya wotentha ndi wamvula, zomwe zimapanga kanyengo kofewa, kamvula kamene kamakhala pakati pa Kumpoto ndi Kumwera.
Mvula: pafupifupi 1127,8 mm pachaka; chinyezi chowonjezera chimaperekedwa ndi mitsinje ya Hanjiang (汉江) ndi Renhe (任河), yomwe imadutsa m’derali.
Nthaka: Nthaka za mtundu wachikasu-bulauni ndi zam’mapiri zachikasu, za acidity mpaka pang’ono acidity (pH 4,5–6,8). Chofunikira kwambiri – kukhalapo kwachilengedwe kwa seleniamu: dera lili pamwamba pa mapangidwe akuluakulu a miyala yokhala ndi seleniamu (富硒岩层), kuchuluka kwa seleniamu m’nthaka ndi 5,66–32,06 ppm, zomwe zimapangitsa Ziyang kukhala imodzi mwa madera awiri akuluakulu a “seleniamu” ku China. Tii yomwe imalimidwa m’nthaka zimenezi imasonkhanitsa seleniamu mwa chilengedwe: kuchuluka kwapakati kwa Se m’masamba a tii ndi 0,653 ppm, koposa – mpaka 3,854 ppm.
Zapadera: Ziyang ndi dera lachakale la tii kumpoto kwambiri (北缘古茶区). Kukhala kumpoto kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zisasonkhanike mofulumira m’masamba, ndipo chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid ndi mbiri yabwino ya fungo poyerekeza ndi tii za kumwera. Miyezo yokhwima ya chilengedwe (dera losungira madzi la polojekiti ya “Kumwera-Kumpoto”) imalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala olimbana ndi tizilombo; minda yambiri imakwaniritsa miyezo yachitetezo yofanana ndi ya organic.

5. Tekinoloje ya Kupanga:

Tii wofiira wochokera ku Ziyang amapangidwa motsatira dongosolo lakale la gongfu-hongcha, lomwe limasinthidwa kuti ligwirizane ndi malo a masamba ang’onoang’ono a kumpoto omwe ali ndi ma amino acid ochuluka.

Kututa (采摘, cǎizhāi): Kumanja; njira ya “ticai” (提采) – kuthyola mphukira mmwamba.
Kufowoketsa (萎凋, wěidiāo): Mwachilengedwe m’chipinda kapena pa matayala ofowoketsera; nthawi ya maola 12–18; chinyezi cha masamba chimatsika kufika 60–62%. M’nthawi ya masika, pamene kutentha sikuli kwakukulu, kufowoketsa kumachitika pang’onopang’ono, zomwe ndi zabwino kwa fungo.
Kufinyika (揉捻, róuniǎn): Makina kapena kumanja; mphindi 60–90 m’maulendo 2–3 ndikulekanitsa pakati. Cholinga – kuswa makhoma a maselo kuti madzi atuluke ndi kuonetsetsa kuti oxidation ikhale yokhazikika; kuchuluka kwa kufinyika ndi 80–90%, kumapeto kwa ndondomekoyi masamba amatulutsa fungo la tii lomveka bwino.
Oxidation (发酵, fājiào): M’chipinda chapadera pa 25–28 °C ndi chinyezi chokwera; nthawi ya maola 3–5 mpaka kutuluka kwa utoto wofiira-wamkuwa wa masamba ndi fungo la zipatso. Masamba ang’onoang’ono omwe ali ndi ma amino acid ochuluka amafuna kuwongolera kutentha mosamala kwambiri kuti apewe “kutha kwambiri” ndikusunga kukoma kokoma.
Kuyanika (干燥, gānzào): Magawo awiri: kutentha kwakukulu (毛火) kuti aletse oxidation, kenako kutentha kochepa kwa nthawi yaitali (足火) kuti fungo likhazikike. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito njira yotchedwa “kuyanika pang’onopang’ono kutentha kwapakati ndi kuyanika kwa nthawi yaitali kutentha kochepa” (中温慢烘、低温长烘), yomwe ndi yodziwika kwa kalembedwe ka Ziyang.
Kukonza mwatsatanetsatane (精制, jīngzhì): Kusefa, kusanjira ndi mphepo, kusankha pamanja, kutentha komaliza.

6. Makhalidwe a Ziwalo:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Kufinyika kolimba, kosalala; tsamba lokhala lophatikizana, lakuda, lowoneka ndi mawawa (白毫) pamagulu apamwamba; maonekedwe onse – aukhondo ndi ogwirizana.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Fungo lotentha, la uchi ndi maluwa, lokhala ndi “kuyera” kwa tii za kumpoto ndi fungolo la pang’ono la mkaka; popanda fungo lolemera kapena la utsi. Kwa magulu a “mtundu wa maluwa ndi zipatso” (花果香型) pamveka mbiri ya “perfume” yapamwamba.
Fungo la madzi: Lamagulu angapo: mfungo zapamwamba – maluwa akutchire ndi uchi; pamlingo wapakati – zipatso zofewa za miyala (apricot, persika); pamunsi – khungu la mkate ndi caramel yochepa. Fungo ndi losakhwima koma lokhalitsa.
Kukoma: Kolimba ndi kozungulira, kokhala ndi kukoma kwachilengedwe kowonekera; kuwawa kochepa, kumene kusintha mwamsanga kukhala kukoma kwa “silky” komwe kumatenga nthawi yaitali (回甘). Thupi – lapakati, lopanda kulemera; kukoma “kuyera” ndi kowala – chotsatira cha kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid ndi polyphenols ochepa.
Mtundu wa madzi: Wofiira wowala, woyera ndi wonyezimira; kwa magulu apamwamba – ndi mphuno ya golide yowonekera.
Pansi pa tii (masamba a tii ophikidwa): Wofiira-wamkuwa, wopakidwa utoto mofanana; masamba ofewa, osalala, okwirira mokwanira.

7. Zomwe Zili Mkati Mwa Tii:

Polyphenols: Pafupifupi 30,35% mu masamba atsopano (deta yochokera ku Tea Institute ya Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences); mu oxidation yokwanira, gawo lalikulu limaloŵa mu theaflavins ndi thearubigins.
Ma amino acid: 3,08%, koposa – mpaka 5,69% – ichi ndi chizindikiro chapamwamba kwa tii yaku China, chomwe chimalongosola kufewa ndi kukoma kwa kukoma.
Alkaloids: Caffeine – pafupifupi 3–4%; theobromine ndi theophylline – m’miyeso yosawoneka.
Catechins: Mu masamba atsopano – pafupifupi 207,3 mg/g ya catechins onse; EGCG – mpaka 122,86 mg/g mu tii yomalizidwa ya gulu loyamba.
Seleniamu (Se): Chizindikiro chachikulu chosiyanitsa. Kuchuluka kwapakati – 0,653 ppm, koposa – mpaka 3,854 ppm. Seleniamu imakhala m’maonekedwe a organic (makamaka selenomethionine), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kugayidwa. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 1989, tii ya seleniamu yachilengedwe imakhala ndi mphamvu yothana ndi antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-radiation komanso yowonjezera chitetezo cha mthupi.
Mchere: Kupatula seleniamu, zikuwoneka kuchuluka kwa zinc (Zn); kuli potaziyamu, magnesium, manganizi, fluoride.
Mavitamini: C (gawo lina limasungidwa), B₁, B₂, E, P (rutin).
Zapadera: Chiyerekezo cha polyphenols ndi ma amino acid (pafupifupi 10:1 mu masamba atsopano) ndi choyenera kupanga tii wofiira: mulingo wokwanira wa polyphenols kuti apange utoto ndi thupi, pamene kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid kumapatsa kufewa ndi kukoma, ndipo seleniamu yachilengedwe imawonjezera phindu lantchito lomwe silinafanane ndi tii zina zofiira.

8. Phindu Zathanzi:

Kudzala chilema cha seleniamu: Kumwa tii ya Ziyang nthawi zonse – ndi imodzi mwa njira zosavuta, zopezika ndi zotetezeka zopezera seleniamu ya organic. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wazachipatala, kusowa kwa seleniamu kumalumikizidwa ndi matenda oposa 40, kuphatikizapo a mtima, khansa ndi a mitsempha ya endocrine.
Chitetezo cha antioxidant: Dongosolo lake lapawiri – theaflavins/thearubigins (chitetezo cha polyphenol) + seleniamu (cofactor ya glutathione peroxidase, enzymu yofunika kwambiri ya antioxidant).
Kuwongolera chitetezo cha mthupi: Seleniamu imathandizira pakukhazikitsa kuyankha kwa chitetezo; kuphatikiza ndi ma polyphenols a tii kumapereka mphamvu yowonjezera yothandizira chitetezo cha mthupi.
Kukhazikika pang’onopang’ono: Caffeine mogwirizana ndi L-theanine yimapereka kukweza kwokhazikika kwa chidwi popanda “misozo” ya nkhawa; ndi chofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya nthawi yaitali yamaganizo.
Kugaya chakudya: Tii wofiira wokhala ndi oxidation yokwanira ndi wofewa ku m’mimba mwa m’mimba; kumwa kotentha pambuyo pa chakudya kumathandiza kugaya bwino.
Dongosolo la mtima ndi mitsempha: Seleniamu ikuphatikizidwa ndi flavonoid za tii imathandiza kusunga mitsempha yolimba ndi kupundukira kwabwino kwa magazi.
Mphamvu yothana ndi radiation: Kafukufuku wa 1989 adatsimikizira mphamvu za radioprotective za Ziyang Fuxicha; ndi zofunika kwa anthu omwe amagwira ntchito m’malo omwe ali ndi radiation yowonjezereka kapena mafunde a electromagnetic.

9. Kupanga Tii:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 90–95 °C kwa magulu wamba; 85–90 °C kwa magulu apamwamba a mphukira yokha.
Kuchuluka kwa tii: 4–5 g pa 100–120 ml (gongfu); 2–3 g pa 200–250 ml (kutsanulira).
Zida: Gaiwan ya porcelain (盖碗) 100–120 ml kapena chubu chagalasi (galasi) kuti muwone mtundu wa madzi; chitinja cha Yixing ndi chovomereza, koma gaiwan ndi yabwino kwambiri kutulutsira fungo loyera ndi lalitali.
Ndondomeko:
1. Yonjezerani zida ndi madzi otentha ndipo tsani.
2. Ikani tii ndipo mulole kuti “ipume” kwa masekondi 5–10.
3. Kutsuka – kutsanulira mwamsanga kwa masekondi 2–3 (ngati mufuna).
4. Kutsanulira koyamba: masekondi 8–10, tsani.
5. Kutsanulira kotsatira: wonjezerani nthawi ndi masekondi 5.
6. Cholinga: kutsanulira 5–8.
Chikhalidwe cha Ziyang cha “madzi atatu” (三道水): Olima tii am’deralo amanena kuti kuti mudziwe bwino tii ya Ziyang, muyenera kutsanulira katatu: yoyamba – yofewa, pafupifupi yamadzi; yachiwiri – kutuluka kwa kuwawa ndi fungo; yachitatu – kukoma kwathunthu ndi kubwerera kwa nthawi yaitali kwa kukoma.

10. Kusunga:

Chidebe chokhala ndi chivindikiro, chopepuka, chosawona; malo ozizira, owuma (10–25 °C), kutali ndi kuwala ndi fungo lachilendo; chinyezi osaposa 60%. Nthawi yabwino – miyezi 12–24. Seleniamu imakhala yokhazikika munthawi yosungirako ndipo siyitha pakapita nthawi, choncho phindu la ntchito ya tii limasungidwa mkati mwa nthawi yake yogwiritsidwa ntchito.

11. Mtengo ndi Zozizwitsa:

Mitengo imayambira kumitengo yotsika (magulu wamba a tii wofiira) kufika kumitengo yokwera (magulu a mphukira yokha a masika oyambirira ndikutsimikizira kuchuluka kwa seleniamu, certification ya organic ndi chizindikiro cha GI). Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza ndi: mulingo wa malo, nyengo, kutsimikizira za seleniamu, chizindikiro ndi paketi.

Momwe mungapewere zozizwitsa:
1. Ziyang Hong Cha yeniyeni imapangidwa kokha m’matauni ndi midzi 20 za dera la Ziyang; tii yochokera kumadera ena a Shaanxi (kapena zigawo zina) sangagwiritse ntchito dzinali.
2. Chizindikiro cha GI (地理标志产品) ndi/kapena chizindikiro cha certification cha “Ziyang Fuxicha” – ndiwo chitsimikizo chachikulu cha kuyenera; funsani wogulitsa.
3. Fungo liyenera kukhala loyera, la maluwa ndi uchi, popanda fungo long’ambika la mankhwala kapena mawu achilendo.
4. Madzi – ofiira owala ndi oyera; kusamveka bwino, kukoma kwa dothi – ndi zizindikiro za kuphwanya tekinoloje.
5. Mtengo wotsika kwambiri pamodzi ndi zonena za “kuchuluka kwa seleniamu” popanda umboni wa zolembedwa – ndi chizindikira chachikulu cha kuchotsedwa.

12. Zozizwitsa Zina:

Ziyang ndi dera lokhalo ku China lomwe linatchulidwa pambuyo pa mbuye wa Taoist. Zhang Boduan (984–1082), woyambitsa sukulu yakumwera ya alchemy ya mkati (内丹南宗), amasinkhasinkha m’mapanga a m’mapiri pamphepete mwa mtsinje wa Renhe; mapenga ake atatu (紫阳洞) akadali malo a ulendo wachipembedzo.
Ndime yandakatulo “自昔关南春独早，清明已煮紫阳茶” – imodzi mwa mawu omwe amatchulidwa kwambiri m’mabuku a tii yaku China – imalemba mkhalidwe wapadera wa Ziyang ngati dera loyamba la tii pa “malire a kumpoto” a chigawo cha tii.
Mu 1990, chindindo cha tii ya Ziyang chidalembedwa ndi Xi Zhongxun (习仲勋, 1913–2002) – msilikali wakale, mtsogoleri wa boma ndi bambo a Xi Jinping. Katswiri wotchuka wa zakudya Yu Ruomu (于若木) anapatsa tii iyi kufotokoza kwabwino kopambana: “Tii ya Ziyang ndi chuma cha tii: yoseleniamu, yolimbana ndi khansa, yabwino pa utoto, fungo ndi kukoma.”
Ziyang ili mgulu la polojekiti ya “Madzi a Kumwera – Kupita Kumpoto” (南水北调), zomwe zimayika miyezo yokhwima kwambiri yachilengedwe: minda imagwira ntchito pafupifupi monga zaulimi wa organic, ndikuwonetsetsa kuyera kwa madzi komanso masamba a tii.
Pofika 2024, malo a minda ya tii m’derali adafika pa 260,000 mu (opitilira 17,300 ha), ndalama zapachaka – zopitilira 12,000 tons; nyumba zaulimi 120,000 zimalandira ndalama zakupezako kuchokera ku tii. Chizindikiro cha “Ziyang Fuxicha” chikhalowa mu 100 zapamwamba za m’deralo ku China ndipo chili pamalo oyamba mwa zizindikiro za tii kumadzulo konse kwa China.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tii Zina Zofiira:

Jingyang Hongcha (泾阳红茶): Tii wina wofiira wa Shaanxi, koma wochokera m’chigawo chapakati cha chigawocho; wopanda chisangalalo cha seleniamu, pa makultivara ena; fungo ndi thupi zochepa.
Qihong Gongfu (祁门工夫): Anhui, malo a masamba ang’onoang’ono. Wofanana ndi Ziyang m’mtundu wa malo (masamba ang’onoang’ono), koma malo ake ndi osiyana kwambiri – palibe seleniamu; fungo la Qihong ndi la “orchid” kwambiri, pamene Ziyang ndi wofewa komanso wa “silky” kwambiri.
Chuanhong Gongfu (川红工夫): Sichuan, malo a masamba apakati. Amadziwika ndi fungo la lalanje-caramel (橘糖香); Ziyang ndi wodekha kwambiri, wokhala ndi mbiri ya maluwa ndi uchi, popanda “kuwala” kwa caramel.
Yihong Gongfu (宜红工夫): Hubei, gulu la masamba apakati. Mwachilengedwe amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi Ziyang; mkhalidwe wofanana wa “kumpoto” – kufewa, kukoma, kuyera; koma wopanda phindu la seleniamu.
Yingde Hongcha (英德红茶): Guangdong, malo a masamba akuluakulu. Wamphamvu ndi “wakumwera” kwambiri m’mbiri; Ziyang ndi wotsutsana naye: wopepuka, wodekha, “wakumpoto.”

Pomaliza:

Ziyang Hong Cha ndi tii yokhala ndi zizindikiro ziwiri. Monga tii wofiira, imapereka kukoma kofewa, “silky” ndi kukoma kwachilengedwe kowonekera bwino ndi fungo loyera la maluwa ndi uchi – chotsatira cha kuphatikizana kwapadera kwa masamba ang’onoang’ono a kumpoto, kanyengo konyowa kwa mapiri a subtropical ndi tekinoloje yosamalira. Monga “tii ya seleniamu,” imakhala ndi phindu lantchito lotsimikiziridwa ndi kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi mbiri ya zaka makumi atatu ya kafukufuku: chikho chilichonse ndi seleniamu ya organic yomwe imagayidwa ndi thupi popanda zotsatira zoyipa. Kwa wokonda kumwa, amene amafuna tii wofiira osati wokhala ndi zipatso zokoma zambiri, komanso ndi phindu lathanzi, Ziyang Hong Cha ndi chisankho chomwe chakudya ndi sayansi yazakudya zimakumana kumwera kwa mapiri a Qinling, m’dera lomwe masika amabwera koyamba.