Zhusi Maojian · new.thetea.app

Zhusi Maojian (竹溪毛尖, Zhúxī máojiān) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wam’mapiri wochokera ku boma la Zhuxi (竹溪县, Zhúxī Xiàn) m’chigawo cha Hubei (湖北省, Húběi Shěng), lomwe lili pakati pa dera la mapiri a Qinba (秦巴山区) — malo amapiri omwe ali pamphambano ya mapiri a Qinling ndi Daba, komwe malire a zigawo zitatu: Hubei, Shaanxi ndi mzinda wa Chongqing amakumana. Boma la Zhuxi ndi limodzi mwa madera akale kwambiri a ulimi wa tiyi ku China, omwe mbiri yawo imachokera ku nthawi ya Western Zhou (zaka za m’ma 1100 BC). Mu 2001, minda ya tiyi ya Zhuxi idalandira satifiketi ya organic kuchokera ku European Union (malo aakulu kwambiri odziwika mdziko lino), ndipo mu 2004 bomalo lidapatsidwa maudindo apamwamba akuti “Kwawo kwa Tiyi Wobiriwira Wodziwika Mwachilengedwe ku China” (中国有机绿茶之乡) ndi “Kwawo kwa Tiyi wa ku China” (中国茶叶之乡). Chizindikiro chachikulu cha bomalo ndi Longfengcha (龙峰茶, Lóngfēng Chá), chinthu chodziwika ndi chitetezo cha malo apadera (2006).

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), wosatenthedwa (unoxidised). Njira yosungirako ndi yophatikizana: kukazinga (杀青) ndi kuyanika ndi mpweya wotentha (烘干) ndi kumaliza ndi kutenthetsa kuti fungo likwezeke (提香).
Gulu: Tiyi wobiriwira wachikhalidwe wa dera la China; chinthu chopangidwa mwachilengedwe ndi satifiketi ya EU; tiyi wochokera kumalo odziwika ndi chitetezo cha malo.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Hubei (湖北省), mzinda wa Shiyan (十堰市, Shíyàn Shì), boma la Zhuxi (竹溪县). Malo opangira amaphatikiza maboma onse 13 a m’derali, komanso mafamu asanu ndi anayi a boma ndi nkhalango. Chitsime cha kupanga ndi minda ya tiyi ya Longwangya (龙王垭茶场, Lóngwángyà cháchǎng), yomwe inalandira satifiketi ya organic ya ku Europe, Meiziya (梅子垭茶场) ndi minda ya m’ma mapiri a Huiwan (汇湾乡), zomwe zonse pamodzi zimapereka pafupifupi 80% ya tiyi wonse wa m’bomalo.
Mawu a malo (coordinates): Pafupifupi 31°31′–32°32′ N, 109°08′–109°29′ E. Bomalo lili pamphambano ya zigawo za Hubei, Shaanxi ndi mzinda wa Chongqing, pa chakum’mwera kwa mapiri a Qinling (秦岭) ndi kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa mapiri a Daba (大巴山脉).

2. Mbiri ndi Chikhalidwe Chofunika:

Mbiri: Zhuxi ndi limodzi mwa madera akale kwambiri opangira tiyi ku China, ndi mbiri ya ulimi wa tiyi yopitirira zaka zikwi zitatu. M’nthawi ya Western Zhou (XI–VIII BC), derali linali mbali ya ufumu wakale wa Yong (庸国, Yōngguó), womwe unkapereka msonkho ku nyumba ya Zhou wophatikiza lacquer, tiyi ndi uchi. Zofukulidwa za nthawi ya Han (III BC – III AD) — zophika zadothi ndi makapu — zikuchitira umboni za mwambo wakumwa tiyi m’derali kale. M’nthawi ya Nkhondo za Maufumu Atatu (nthawi ya Wei, III AD), mulingo wopangira ndi kukonza tiyi ku Zhuxi, malinga ndi “Zhuxi Xianzhi” (《竹溪县志》, “Zolemba za m’Boma la Zhuxi”), sunali wotsika poyerekeza ndi wa ku Sichuan.

M’nthawi ya Tang (VII–X AD), Lu Yu (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) mu “Chikho cha Tiyi” (《茶经》) anatchula Shangyong (上庸, masiku ano Zhuxi) m’gulu la maboma a tiyi a dera la Shannan (山南道, Shānnán Dào). Malinga ndi mwambo wakumaloko, m’nthawi ya Tang, amonke achibuda anabweretsa mitundu yabwino ya tiyi ku Zhuxi, ndipo mfumukazi Wu Zetian (武则天, Wǔ Zétiān) inapatsa tiyi wa kumeneko udindo wa chopereka kwa nyumba yachifumu (贡品). M’nthawi ya Song (X–XIII AD), ku Zhuxi kunali kale minda yaikulu ya tiyi; mpaka lero, ku Meiziya kuli mitengo 47 ya tiyi ya nthawi ya Song — imodzi mwa minda yakale kwambiri yodziwika m’chigawo cha Hubei.

Mbiri yamasiku ano ya tiyi wa Zhuxi imagawika magawo atatu: kuyamba (1954–1985), kusintha kwa kubzala m’mizere (1986–1998) ndi kukula kwakukulu (1999 – mpaka pano). Pofika 1998, malo a minda ya tiyi adafika 37,000 mu (pafupifupi mahekitala 2,467). Mu 2001, Zhuxi idakhala ndi malo aakulu kwambiri odziwika owona organic ku China (satifiketi ya EU). Mu 2004, bomalo lidalandira maudindo akuti “Kwawo kwa Tiyi Wobiriwira Wodziwika Mwachilengedwe ku China” ndi “Kwawo kwa Tiyi wa ku China”. Mu 2006, chizindikiro cha “Longfengcha” (龙峰茶) chidalandira chitetezo cha malo apadera pa msinkhu wadziko (国家地理标志保护). Pofika 2016, malo a minda ya tiyi ku Zhuxi adafika 270,000 mu (mahekitala 18,000) — malo oyamba mu chigawo cha Hubei. Mu 2024, tiyi wa Zhuxi ukutumizidwa ku Germany ndi mayiko ena a EU, ndipo mtengo wonse wapachaka wazogulitsa umadutsa yuan 200 miliyoni.
Dzina: 竹 (zhú) — “nthungwa”; 溪 (xī) — “mtsinje wam’mapiri”. Bomalo limatchulidwa ndi dzina la mtsinje wa Zhuxi (竹溪河), umene umadutsa dera lake, ndipo linakhazikitsidwa mu 1476 (chaka cha 12 cha ulamuliro wa Cheng hua, m’badwo wa Ming) mwa kugaŵika kuchokera ku boma la Zhushan (竹山县). 毛 (máo) — “ubweya”; 尖 (jiān) — “nsonga”. “Maojian” ndi dzina lodziwika la gulu la tiyi wobiriwira wa ku China wokhala ndi ubweya wochuluka pa nsonga zosongoka, lomwe limaphatikizanso Xinyang Maojian (信阳毛尖) ndi Duyun Maojian (都匀毛尖).
Chikhalidwe Chofunika: Zhuxi ndi mphambano ya zigawo zitatu ndi pofunikira panjira yakufalitsira chikhalidwe cha tiyi kuchokera ku dera la Ba-Shu (巴蜀) kupita kum’maŵa ndi kumpoto. Bomalo likadalitsa likulu la msika wa tiyi m’dera la mapiri a Qinba. Chikhalidwe cha tiyi chikulowererana kwambiri ndi miyambo ya anthu akumaloko: m’mudzi wa Xiangba (向坝) — wonyamula chikhalidwe chosawoneka cha chigawo chino — pali nyimbo zopitirira makumi aŵiri zachikhalidwe zokhudzana ndi tiyi: “Caicha ge” (《采茶歌》, “Nyimbo Yokota Tiyi”), “Wu bei cha” (《五杯茶》, “Mikapu Isanu ya Tiyi”), “Shua cha ge” (《耍茶歌》), “Quan cha ge” (《劝茶歌》, “Nyimbo Yoitanira Ku Tiyi”). Nthano ya m’derali imalumikiza chiyambi cha Longfengcha ndi nkhani ya Mwana Wamkazi wa Chinjoka (龙女) ndi Zhenwu Dadi (真武大帝 — Mfumu Yaikulu ya Nkhondo Yowona), omwe, monga amanenera, “anabzala pamodzi tiyi paphiri limodzi ndikumwa chakumwa chobiriwira pamodzi” (同植一山茶，共饮绿香茗).

3. Kufotokozera Kwamtengo ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu / Cultivar: Cultivar waukulu ndi mtundu wa malo adeni (本地群体种, běndì qúntǐ zhǒng), wa gulu la tiyi wa tsamba laling’ono (灌木中小叶种). Mtundu uwu weniweni umadziwika ndi kupsinjira kwambiri kuzizira, ubweya wochuluka pa nsonga ndi mphukira, komanso zinthu zambiri zopatsa mphamvu. Kubzala kumachitika makamaka mwa kubzala zidutswa (cuttings, 扦插育苗).
Kukolola: Makamaka m’chilimwe (March – April), nsonga za ubwino zisanachitike chikondwerero cha Qingming. Chifukwa chokhala pamalo okwera (800–1200 m), nyengo ya kukula imakhala yaitali, ndipo kuchedwa kwa mphukira kumathandiza kuti amino acid achuluke.
Muyezo wa kukolola: Gulu lapadera (特级) — nsonga limodzi kapena nsonga imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi loyamba kutseguka, kutalika ≤ 2.0 cm; gulu loyamba (一级) — nsonga imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi (> 90%); gulu lachiŵiri (二级) — nsonga imodzi ndi masamba aŵiri.
Zofunikira pa zopangira: Zazing’ono, zoyera, zopanda fungo lachilendo, zopanda kuwonongeka. Polyphenol m’masamba obiriwira a chilimwe — ≥ 32.94%, amino acid — ≥ 2.95%. Zopangira ndi zochena organic: manyowa a mankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndizoletsedwa; kuchuluka kwa mbewu — osapitirira 8,000 pa mu.

4. Malo ndi Kadyetsedwe Kapadera:

Nyengo ndi kachulukidwe: Boma la Zhuxi lili pa 31°14′ N — ilo ndi malire akumpoto kwenikweni a kulima tiyi ku China, zomwe zimapatsa tiyi wa kumeneko khalidwe lapadera la “malo a malire”. Kutentha kwapachaka — pafupifupi 15 °C, mvula yapachaka — pafupifupi 1,600 mm. Chiŵerengero cha masiku a mitambo ndi nkhungu chimadutsa 200 pachaka. Kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku kumadutsa 10 °C, zomwe zimachedwetsa kukula kwa mphukira ndikuwonjezera nthawi yosungira zakudya — mphamvu ya kupanga amino acid pano ndi 30% yochulukirapo kusiyana ndi minda ya m’zigwa.
Malemera a kulima: 800–1200 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Dera labwino kwambiri lopangira tiyi wa mtengo wapamwamba ndi pafupifupi 900 m, pamene mlingo wabwino kwambiri wa zinthu zakudya, zinthu zamankhwala ndi fungo umapezeka.
Nthaka: Nthaka ya mchenga yamchendamdenda (沙壤土, shā rǎngtǔ) ndi pH 4.5–6.0, yodziwika ndi kutuluka bwino kwa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Nthaka imakhala ndi seleniamu yowonjezeka mwachilengedwe (富硒, fù xī), zomwe ndi khalidwe lapadera la malo a Zhuxi ndipo zimapatsa tiyi ubwino wowonjezera wathanzi.
Kadyetsedwe kapadera: Chiŵerengero cha nkhalango m’bomalo ndi 82.5%. Kukula kwa kuunika kwapakati kumafika 70%, zomwe zimachepetsa ma catechin owawa ndikuwonjezera amino acid. Minda ya tiyi imakhala m’dongosolo la “lincha jianzuo” (林茶间作 — “kupatsana nkhalango ndi tiyi”), pomwe misewu ya nkhalango yodzipatula (林茶隔离带) imateteza ku kuipitsidwa ndi kufalitsa tizilombo. Kupezeka kwa tizilombo ndi matenda ndi 60% yotsika poyerekeza ndi minda wamba, zomwe zimalola kuleka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kugwirizana ndi mfundo za EU pa mankhwala otsalira — 100%.

5. Njira Yopangira:

Zhusi Maojian amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yophatikizana ya tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga ndi kuyanika, ndi kugogomeza kwambiri kusunga kuthunthu kwa nsonga. Njira yonse imachitika m’nyumba yoyeretsedwa (清洁化生产); kupindika mwa makina kumasinthidwa ndi kupindika kofatsa kwa manja kuti mawonekedwe ndi ubweya asasokonezeke.

Kuyala masamba atsopano (鲜叶摊放 — xiānyè tānfàng): Maola 4–6 ndi mpweya wachilengedwe. Kumachepetsa chinyezi, kuwononga pang’ono ma catechin osafunikira, kukonzekeretsa kutentha kothetsa enzyme.
“Kupha zobiriwira” (杀青 — shāqīng): Kukazinga pa 180–220 °C. Cholinga — kuthetsa msanga ma enzyme, kusunga mtundu wobiriwira ndi fungo latsopano. Mosiyana ndi Jinfuyuicui, kutentha n’kochepa pang’ono, zomwe zimasunga fungo lofewa ndi loyera ngati maluŵa.
Kupindika (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Kumachitika m’manja pa thireyi ya nthungwa (竹匾) ndi kayendedwe kofatsa, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito makina opondereza. Kuthunthu kwa nsonga ndi tsamba kumasungidwa bwino; madzi a m’maselo amatuluka mokwanira kuti tiyi azisungunuka bwino.
Kuongola ndi kuumba (理条塑形 — lǐtiáo sùxíng): Kukupatsa masamba mawonekedwe awo ofanana, owongoka kapena opindika pang’ono (malinga ndi kalembedwe).
Kuyanika koyamba (毛火 — máohuǒ): Kutentha pa 110 °C kusunga mawonekedwe ndi kuchotsa chinyezi pang’ono.
Kuyanika kotsiriza (足干 — zúgān): Pa 70 °C mpaka chinyezi ≤ 6.5%.
Kutentha komaliza kukweza fungo (提香 — tíxiāng): Kutentha kwakanthawi pa 90 °C, kumene kumawonjezera kulimba kwa fungo lapamwamba.

6. Zizindikiro za Kuchuluka (Organoleptic):

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Olimba, oongoka, amphamvu ndi nsonga zowoneka bwino (紧结壮实显锋苗, jǐnjié zhuàngshí xiǎn fēngmiáo). Mtundu — wobiriwira wa emerald ndi kuwala kwamafuta (翠绿). Kalembedwe ka “Jiancha” (箭茶, “tiyi-mivi”) — lathyathyathya, lowongoka, ngati lupanga. Kalembedwe ka “Longfengcha” — laling’ono, lopindika, ndi ubweya.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Fungo loyera lapamwamba (清香, qīngxiāng) lokhala ndi kununkhira kwa maluŵa (花香, huāxiāng) — khalidwe lapadera limene limasiyanitsa tiyi wa Zhuxi ndi ena ambiri a gulu la mao jian. M’mitundu yakale, kununkhira kwa uchi kumawonekera (蜜香, mìxiāng).
Fungo la madzi: Latsopano, loyera, lapamwamba ndi lokhalitsa. Kununkhira kwa maluŵa (makamaka mu kalembedwe ka “Longfengcha”) kumayenda pamodzi ndi kununkhira kwatsopano kwa udzu watsopano. Kafukufuku wa gas chromatography wawonetsa kuti fungo la tiyi wa Zhuxi limapangidwa makamaka ndi zinthu za alcohol, kutsatiridwa ndi ma acid-ester ndi aldehyde-ketone.
Kukoma: Kwatsopano ndi kofewa ngati mafuta (鲜醇, xiānchún), ndi kuzama chifukwa cha polyphenol. Kutsitsimula koonekeratu (浓爽, nóngshuǎng). Kukoma kwapambuyo kwokhalitsa (huigan). Amakwanitsa kuthiridwa madzi kangapo — 5–7.
Mtundu wa madzi: Wobiriwira wofewa, woyera ndi wowala (嫩绿明亮, nèn lǜ míngliàng).
Masamba othiridwa (leaf bottom): Wobiriwira wofewa, wofanana (嫩绿匀齐), nsonga ndi masamba zimatseguka ngati “timanga” toima molunjika (芽叶成朵竖立).

7. Zinthu Zomanga Thupi (Chemical Composition):

Polyphenol (catechin): Kuchuluka — ≥ 32.94%, 20–30% yochulukirapo kusiyana ndi tiyi wamba wobiriwira. Malinga ndi labotale ya Huazhong Agricultural University (华中农业大学, 2006), madzi ochokera m’masamba amafika 54% (pomwe muyezo ndi 36%), zomwe zikuwonetsa kusungunuka kwapadera.
Amino acid: Ma amino acid omasuka — ≥ 2.95%. Chinthu chachikulu ndi L-theanine, chimene chimapereka kufewa, kukhuthala ndi kutsekemera. Kuchuluka kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa pakukula ndi kuunika kwapakati.
Shuga wosungunuka: 2.97% — amathandizira kutsekemera kwapambuyo.
Alkaloids: Caffeine, theobromine, theophylline. Kuchuluka kwa caffeine kuli kofanana ndi tiyi wam’mapiri wobiriwira.
Mchere: Nayitrogeni — 5.47–6.65%, phosphorous — 0.41–0.50%, potaziyamu — 0.97–1.13%, calcium — 0.10–0.14%, magnesium — 603–855 mg/kg, ayoni — 50–72 mg/kg, mkuwa — 8.5–10.9 mg/kg, zinki — 22.9–36.5 mg/kg. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa seleniamu chifukwa cha khalidwe la nthaka.
Mavitamini: Vitamini C (m’masamba atsopano), vitamini a gulu B, vitamini K.
Mafuta ofunikira: Amapanga “fungo loyera ndi kamvekedwe ka maluŵa”; ma alcohol ndi acid-ester ndiye ambiri.

8. Ubwino Wathanzi:

Kuteteza ku radiation: Polyphenol a tiyi wa Zhuxi amatha kumanga zinthu za radioactive (strontium-90, cobalt-60); kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti amagwira bwino 40% kuposa tiyi wamba wobiriwira.
Kuthandiza antioxidant: Kuchuluka kwa EGCG kumapereka mphamvu yochotsa ma free radicals.
Kuthandiza mtima ndi mitsempha: Ma catechin amayang’anira kupangika kwa cholesterol ndi kusintha kusinthasintha kwa mitsempha.
Kuthekera kothana ndi khansa: EGCG imalepheretsa zolimbikitsa kukula kwa chotupa; kugwirizana ndi seleniamu yachilengedwe ya mu nthaka ya Zhuxi kumawonjezera mphamvuyi (zotsatira zikufunika kafukufuku winanso wa zachipatala).
Kutsitsimula: Kutsitsimula kofewa ndi kokhalitsa chifukwa cha kuphatikiza caffeine ndi L-theanine.
Kuthandiza chimbudzi: Kumalimbikitsa kutuluka kwa ma enzyme a m’mimba; tiyi amalimbikitsidwa kumwa patadutsa ola limodzi mutadya.
Kuthetsa tizilombo: Polyphenol ndi tannins amalepheretsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m’kamwa.

9. Kuthira Madzi:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C (madzi owira, atazizidwa kwa mphindi 3). Kwa gulu lapadera n’kuthekera kutsika mpaka 75 °C. Madzi abwino kwambiri ndi a m’chitsime chofewa cha kumapiri.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml (chiŵerengero 1:50) kwa njira ya m’galasi; 5 g pa 120 ml kwa gongfu m’gaiwan.
Ziwiya: Galasi lagalasi — kuwonera momwe nsonga zimatsegukira (chithunzi chodziwika: mphukira zoyera zimaimirira molunjika ngati “tinjoka zana zikusambira mopikisana” — chithunzi chimene chinapereka dzina la chizindikiro “Longfengcha”). Gaiwan yoyera ya porcelain — kuti fungo la maluŵa lituluke bwino.
Kachitidwe:
1. Tenthetsani chotengera ndi madzi owira ndikuthira.
2. Ikani tiyi.
3. Galasi lagalasi (上投法, “njira yothira kumwamba”): choyamba thirani madzi, kenaka ikani tiyi. Lekerani kwa masekondi 90 (kuthira koyamba), kotsatira — masekondi 15 afupi. Mutha kuwonjezera madzi katatu.
4. Gaiwan (gongfu): kutsuka mwachidule masekondi 3–5, kuthira koyamba masekondi 15–20, kulikonse kowonjezera +5–10 masekondi. 5–7 kuthira.
5. Musagwiritse ntchito madzi opitirira 90 °C — izi zimawononga kutsitsimula ndikuyambitsa kuwawa.

10. Kusunga:

Kupaka mosindikizidwa ndikuteteza ku kuunika, chinyezi ndi fungo lachilendo.
Bwino: 0–5 °C (firiji) mu phukusi losatsegulidwa. Musanatsegule — bweretsani ku kutentha kwa m’chipinda popanda kutsegula phukusi kuti mupewe mvula ya m’kati.
Pambuyo pa kutsegulidwa — mugwiritse mkati mwa miyezi 3; pakapita nthawiyi polyphenol amatuluka kwambiri, ndipo tiyi amataya kutsitsimula kwake.
Osasunga pafupi ndi zakudya zonunkhira kwambiri. Nthawi yosunga mu phukusi losatsegulidwa mosamala — mpaka miyezi 12–18.

11. Mtengo ndi Zopeka:

Mlingo wamtengo: Gulu lapadera: kuyambira 500 yuan pa jin ndi kupitirira (nsonga imodzi, fungo loyera lapamwamba, ubweya wowoneka, polyphenol ≥ 32%). Gulu loyamba: 200–500 yuan pa jin (nsonga imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi, kukoma kokutha, amino acid ≥ 2.9%). Gulu lachiŵiri: 80–200 yuan pa jin (nsonga imodzi ndi masamba aŵiri, chiŵerengero chabwino cha mtengo ndi ubwino). Mtengo wapakati pa msika m’bomalo — pafupifupi 45 yuan pa jin (chochuluka chonse cha magulu onse).
Momwe mungapewere zopeka:
- Onetsetsani kuti pali chizindikiro cha malo odziwika a “Longfengcha” (龙峰茶) kapena satifiketi ya organic ya EU.
- Maonekedwe: Zhusi Maojian yeniyeni — masamba olimba, amphamvu, ofanana a mtundu wobiriwira wa emerald ndi nsonga yowoneka bwino ndi ubweya. Zopeka nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofewa ndi mtundu wotuwa.
- Fungo: loyera, lapamwamba, ndi kamvekedwe ka maluŵa. Kutha, kufuka, kuwawasa ndi zisonyezo za chopangira chosayenera kapena chakale.
- Madzi: wobiriwira wofewa, wowala, woyera. Kukhala thithi kapena mtundu wachikasu wakuda kumasonyeza kusinthidwa.
- Fufuzani chiyambi: ogulitsa ovomerezeka amatchula famu yeniyeni (Longwangya, Meiziya, Huiwan) ndi nyengo.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

Zhuxi ili pa 31°14′ N — iyi ndi malire akumpoto olemekezeka a kulima tiyi ku China. Khalidwe la “malire” la malowa likukhudza momwe tiyi wapangidwira mwapadera: nyengo yotalikirapo ya kukula imachititsa kuti amino acid ndi zinthu zonunkhira zichuluke.
Ku Meiziya (梅子垭) kukadalipo mitengo 47 ya tiyi yobzalidwa m’nthawi ya Song (X–XIII AD) — imodzi mwa minda yakale kwambiri yodziwika m’chigawo cha Hubei. Mitengoyi ndi umboni wamoyo wa zaka chikwi zosalekeza za ulimi wa tiyi m’derali.
Boma la Zhuxi limakhala ndi malo oyamba mu chigawo cha Hubei pa kukula kwa minda ya tiyi (270,000 mu pofika 2016) ndipo ndi msika waikulu kwambiri wa tiyi m’dera la mapiri a Qinba — dera lamapiri pamphambano ya mapiri a Qinling ndi Daba.
Kuwonjezera pa tiyi wobiriwira wachikale, ku Zhuxi amapanga zinthu zina za tiyi: oolong wa organic (mzere woyamba mu Hubei, wopangidwa mogwirizana ndi Huazhong Agricultural University), tiyi woyera, tiyi wofiira, ufa wochepa wa tiyi (茶微粉), mafuta a polyphenol, ngakhalenso makeke a mwezi wa tiyi (茶月饼) — chinthu chatsopano pomwe ufa wa tiyi umaphatikizidwa mu mtanda kuti awonjezere ubwino wothana ndi ukalamba.
Dzina la “Longfengcha” (龙峰茶, “Tiyi wa Pamwamba pa Chinjoka”) likukhudzana ndi phiri lalikulu la famu ya Longwangya (龙王垭): pamene nkhungu imakwera pamwamba pa mapiri, mawonekedwe a zitunda amaoneka ngati tinjoka topindika, ndipo nsonga zothiridwa, zoyandama molunjika m’galasi, — “tinjoka zana zikusambira mopikisana” (百龙竞游).

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Mitundu Ina Yobiriwira ya “Maojian”:

Xinyang Maojian (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Imodzi mwa “tiyi khumi yaikulu ya China”, yopangidwa ku Henan. Tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga ndi masamba ang’onoang’ono, aubweya. Poyerekeza ndi Xinyang Maojian, tiyi wa Zhuxi uli ndi polyphenol wochuluka (≥ 32.94% motsutsana ndi 20–25% wamba) ndi fungo lotanthauka la maluŵa, pamene wa ku Henan umakondera fungo lachikasu cha nyemba/mtengo wa mchisu.
Duyun Maojian (都匀毛尖, Dūyún Máojiān): Tiyi wodziwika wobiriwira kuchokera ku Guizhou, nawonso m’gulu la “khumi yaikulu”. Ubweya wochuluka, kukoma kofewa. Kusiyana: Duyun Maojian amapangidwa kuchokera ku masamba aakulu, ali ndi kukoma kozungulira ndi kotsekemera, pamene Zhusi Maojian ndi wamasamba ang’onoang’ono, wamphamvu kwambiri ndi wokhoza kuthiridwa kangapo.
Jiancha (箭茶, Jiànchá) — “Tiyi-mivi”: Chinthu chofanana cha boma lomwelo la Zhuxi, ndi mawonekedwe a masamba lathyathyathya ngati lupanga. Adalandira dzina la “Tiyi Khumi Odziwika a Hubei” (湖北十大名茶). Poyerekeza ndi Maojian, Jiancha ali ndi fungo lochepa, madzi oyera, ndi kukoma kofewa, kosalimba — angawoneke ngati “mtundu wopepuka” wa tiyi wa Zhuxi.
Enshi Yulu (恩施玉露, Ēnshī Yùlù): Tiyi wobiriwira wosowa wotenthedwa ndi nthunzi (蒸青) wochokera ku chigawo chomwecho cha Hubei. Njira yosiyana kotheratu ya kukhazikika (nthunzi mmalo mwa kukazinga) imapereka mtundu wobiriwira kwambiri ndi kamvekedwe ka “nyanja”, ka iodine, kosiyana ndi khalidwe la maluŵa ndi loyera la Zhusi Maojian.

Pomaliza:

Zhusi Maojian ndi tiyi wokhala ndi mbiri ya zaka chikwi ndi mbiri yabwino ya organic, wobadwa kumalire akumpoto kwenikweni kwa ulimi wa tiyi ku China, pakati pa mapiri a Qinling ndi Daba a nkhungu. Fungo lake la maluŵa, kutsitsimula koyera kwa kukoma, ndi kuchuluka kwake mwachilengedwe kwa seleniamu — ndi zotsatira za malo ake apadera a “malire”, pamene kukula kochedwa kwa mphukira kumasanduka kusonkhanitsa kwakukulu kwa zinthu zonunkhira ndi zopatsa thanzi. Kwa wokonda tiyi wobiriwira, iyi ndi mwayi wolawa chinthu chenicheni cha organic kuchokera kudera limene minda ya tiyi ndi nkhalango zosakhudzidwa zakhalira pamodzi m’chilengedwe chimodzi kwa zaka zopitirira chikwi, — ndikumva m’kapu “koyera kwa mtsinje wa kumapiri” komwe kali m’dzina lenileni la Zhuxi.