Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān · new.thetea.app

Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān ndiye wolong woponderezedwa wokha padziko lonse, chizindikiro cha tawuni ya Zhangping m’chigawo cha Fujian. Tiyi ameneyu amaphatikiza luso la maulon a kumpoto kwa Fujian (闽北, Mǐnběi) ndi a kum’mwera kwa Fujian (闽南, Mǐnnán) ndipo amapangidwa ngati mabriketi aang’ono a masikweya, atakulungidwa mu pepala. Mu 2022, njira yake yopangira idalowetsedwa pa Mndandanda wa Cholowa Chosagwira cha UNESCO monga gawo la “Miyambo ya Chikhalidwe cha Kupanga Tiyi ku China ndi Zizolowezi Zogwirizana Nako”.

1. Mgawikano ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Wolong (tiyi wopangidwa ndi kuvunda pang’ono, mlingo wa okisidhesheni ~30–50%). Ndiye yekhayo woimira gulu la wolong woponderezedwa (紧压乌龙茶, jǐnyā wūlóng chá). Nthawi zambiri amawotchedwa ndi makala (炭焙, tàn bèi).
Gulu: Tiyi zodziwika bwino za chigawo cha Fujian (福建名茶). Chogulitsa chotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha dera (国家地理标志产品, guójiā dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn). Mayina ena: “tiyi-mkate wa madzi” (水仙茶饼, Shuǐxiān chábǐng), “tiyi wa pepala” (纸包茶, zhǐ bāo chá), “tiyi wa masikweya” (四方茶, sìfāng chá).
Chiyambi: China (中国), chigawo cha Fujian (福建省, Fújiàn shěng), mzinda wa Longyan (龙岩市, Lóngyán shì), tawuni ya Zhangping (漳平市, Zhāngpíng shì). Dera lopangira limaphatikizapo mafoloko ndi matauni 9: Nanyang (南洋镇, Nányáng zhèn) — likulu la kupanga (pafupifupi 80% ya voliyumu yonse), Shuangyang (双洋镇, Shuāngyáng zhèn) — kwawo koyambirira kwa briketi ya tiyi, komanso Chishui (赤水镇), Xinqiao (新桥镇), Wusi (吾祠乡), Lingdi (灵地乡), Xinan (溪南镇), Xianghu (象湖镇) ndi Yongfu (永福镇).
Mapulani a dera: 117°10′–117°45′ E, 24°54′–25°47′ N. Likulu la kupanga ndi dera la mitambo m’mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Jiupengxi (九鹏溪, Jiǔpéng xī) pamtunda wa mamita 600–800.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Kuweta tiyi ku Zhangping kunayamba mu nthawi ya Yuan (元, 1271–1368): ndi pomwe mitengo ya tiyi inayamba kulimidwa m’derali. Podzafika mu nthawi ya Ming (明, 1368–1644) ndi Qing (清, 1644–1912), mafakitale a tiyi anali atakula kwambiri, monga umboni womwe unapezeka pafukufuku wa teapot ya Yixing ya m’nthawi ya Ming — umboni wachindunji wa chikhalidwe cha tiyi chotukuka. Mu 1914, wopanga tiyi a Deng Guanjin (邓观金, Dèng Guānjīn) ochokera ku tawuni ya Shuangyang anapanga luso lapadera lapadziko lonse lwa tiyi wa madzi woponderezedwa — tiyi-mkate (水仙茶饼, Shuǐxiān chábǐng), pakuphatikiza njira zopangira maulon a kumpoto ndi kum’mwera kwa Fujian. Amakhulupiliranso kuti mu nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Guangxu (光绪, 1875–1908), tiyi “Taichang” (泰昌茶庄, Tàichāng cházhuāng) wochokera ku Zhangping analandira mphoto ya golide ku Chiwonetsero cha Panama. Kuyambira ma 1980, gawo latsopano linayamba: boma linayambitsa pulogalamu yopanga mtundu wa Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān. Mu 1995, tiyi anapambana mendulo ya golide pa Chiwonetsero Chachiwiri cha Ulimi ku China, ndipo mu 2000 adalandiridwa m’gulu la China National Tea Museum (中国茶叶博物馆) ndipo adalembedwa mu “Kaundula wa Tiyi Zotchuka ku China” (《中国名茶志》). Mu 2005, Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān analandira dzina la “Mfumu ya Tiyi Yapadziko Lonse ya Nyenyezi Zisanu” pa Msonkhano wa Chikhalidwe cha Tiyi wa China-Japan-Korea. Mu 2008, chizindikiro cha malonda cha gulu ndi chizindikiro cha dera chinalembedwa, ndipo mu 2009 Unduna wa Zaulimi wa China unapatsa mwalamulo tiyiyi udindo wa chinthu chotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha dera. Mu 2021, luso lakale lopangira lidalowetsedwa mu Kaundula Wachisanu wa Cholowa Chosagwira cha China, ndipo pa 29 Novembala 2022, mu Mndandanda wa Cholowa Chosagwira cha UNESCO.
Dzina:
- “Zhangping” (漳平) ndi dzina la tawuni yopangira. Dzina la malowa lingatanthauzidwe mwandakatulo ngati “chigwa cha madzi a Zhang”: 漳 imatanthauza mtsinje wakomweko, 平 imatanthauza “chigwa, chosalala” — “pamadzi a Zhang, pakati pa mapiri masauzande, malo amenewa ndi okhawo osalala” (漳水之上，千山之中，此地独平).
- “Shui Xian” (水仙) — kwenikweni “wosakhoza kufa wa madzi” kapena “narcissus wa madzi”. Ili ndi dzina la mtundu wa tsamba la tiyi. Amakhulupirira kuti limachokera ku kusokonekera kwa m’zilankhulo za m’deralo kwa liwu “Zhu” (祝) kukhala “Shui” (水): mitengo inapezeka pafupi ndi phanga la Zhutaodong (祝桃洞) ku Jianyang, ndipo “Zhu Tao Xian” pang’onopang’ono anasanduka “Shui Xian”.
- Mawonekedwe oponderezedwa nthawi zina amawonjezeredwa ndi liwu “bing” (饼, bǐng — “mkate, disk”), ngakhale kuti mawonekedwe ake ndi kwenikweni briketi ya masikweya.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān ndiye wolong wokhawo padziko lonse woponderezedwa mwamwambo komanso chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za tawuni ya Zhangping. Tiyiyi inathandizidwa ndi anthu otchuka: malinga ndi zolemba zakomweko, nduna yaikulu Zhou Enlai anali wokonda tiyi wa madzi ndipo mu 1956 anaupangira alendo a ku Japan. Katswiri wotchuka wa sewero lachisangalalo xiangsheng (相声) Jiang Kun (姜昆) analemba malembo a “Kununkhira kwa tiyi makilomita chikwi chimodzi” (茶香万里). Mwamwambo, tiyiyi imafunidwa kwambiri ku West Fujian, Guangdong, Xiamen ndi mayiko aku Southeast Asia. Chikondwelero cha pachaka chotsegulira kukolola (开采节) ku Nanyang chimatsatana ndi mwambo wopembedza “woyeretsa tiyi” Lu Yu (陆羽, Lù Yǔ).

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Masamba Ogwiritsira Ntchito:

Mtundu / Cultivar: Fujian Shui Xian (福建水仙, Fújiàn Shuǐxiān), womwenso umatchedwa Shuiji Shui Xian (水吉水仙) kapena Wuyishan Shui Xian (武夷水仙). Dzina la Chilatini: Camellia sinensis cv. Fujian-shuixian. Mtundu woyamba wa dziko lapansi (国家级良种), walembetsedwa mu 1985 ndi nambala GS13009-1985. Ndi woyamba mwa mitundu 48 ya boma ya tiyi ndi woyamba mwa mitundu 41 ya masamba akuluakulu amtundu wa theka-mtengo. Ndi wa mtundu wopanda kugonana (无性系, wúxìngxì), wa theka-mtengo (半乔木型 / 小乔木型, xiǎo qiáomù xíng), wa masamba akuluakulu (大叶, dà yè), wochedwa kupsa (晚生种, wǎnshēng zhǒng). Mwambiri, mtunduwo umachokera ku mudzi wa Dahu (大湖村) m’tauni ya Xiaohu (小湖镇) m’boma la Jianyang (建阳, Jiànyáng), chigawo cha Fujian. Makhalidwe ake: tsamba lalikulu (lalikulu kuwirikiza kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa mitundu yochepa ya masamba ang’onoang’ono), lolimba, lamafuta, la khungu; nthambi zazitali pakati; mtsempha waukulu ndi wotambalala.
Kukolola: Kukolola kwakukulu ndi kwa masika (April — koyambirira kwa May); kumatha kukololanso mu autumn. Tiyi yamasika imalemekezedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha michere yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa m’nyengo yozizira.
Mulingo wa kukolola: Mphukira yokhala ndi tsamba limodzi ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu (一芽二叶至三叶, yī yá èr yè zhì sān yè) ya tiyi yamasika. Kwa mitundu yapamwamba, mulingo wochepa kwambiri umaloledwa — tsamba limodzi ndi mphukira imodzi.
Zofunikira pa masamba: Masamba ayenera kukhala athanzi, osawonongeka, okhwima mofanana, opanda fungo lachilendo komanso osakhwimitsa mopambanitsa. Malinga ndi mulingo, masamba atsopano a Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān ayenera kukhala ndi polyphenols osachepera 25.0% ndi amino acids osachepera 4.0%.

4. Malo ndi Njira Zolimira:

Dera ndi maonekedwe: Zhangping ili chakumwera chapakati cha Fujian, kum’mawa kwa West Fujian (闽西, Mǐnxī), kumpoto kwa “triangle ya golide” ya South Fujian. Derali ndi la mapiri magawo asanu ndi anayi mwa magawo khumi — “mapiri asanu ndi anayi, theka la madzi, theka la munda” (九山半水半分田). Malowa ndi a mapiri ndi zigwa, odulidwa ndi zigwa, mitsinje ndi tinthaphi. Likulu la minda ya tiyi lili m’mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Jiupengxi (九鹏溪), wothirira mapiri ndikupanga nyengo ya mitambo ndi chifunga.
Kutalika kwa kulimako: Kuyambira 400 mpaka 1000 m pamwamba pa nyanja; likulu la kupanga ndi 600–800 m m’dera la Jiupengxi.
Nyengo: Ya monsoon ya subtropiki. Kutentha kwa pachaka 16.9–20.7°C. Mvula — 1450–2100 mm pachaka. Masiku opanda chisanu — 251–317. Maola a dzuwa pachaka — pafupifupi 1853. Masiku a chifunga — oposa 200 pachaka. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku kumathandiza kuti amino acids apezeke ndi kupanga mbiri yovuta ya kununkhira. Nkhalango m’dera lalikulu la kupanga imadutsa 70%.
Dothi: Kuli dothi lofiira ndi lachikasu la laterite (红黄壤, hóng huáng rǎng) lokhala ndi asidi (pH 4.5–6.0), lokhala ndi zinthu zambiri za organic (≥ 6.01%), lolemera ndi michere yaying’ono — selenium ndi zinki. Likulu la kupanga ndi malo otetezedwa ndi madzi: kuno kumaletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndipo njira ya chilengedwe ya “kulera nkhumba — gasi wamoyo — tiyi” (猪-沼-茶) imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

5. Ukadaulo Wopanga:

Ukadaulo wa Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān umaphatikiza njira za wolong wa kumpoto kwa Fujian (“kuvunda kwakukulu”) ndi wa kum’mwera kwa Fujian (“kuvunda kochepa”) ndipo umaphatikizapo siteji yapadera — kufinya m’mafomu amatabwa. Ntchito yonse imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida za nsungwi ndi zamatabwa, zosagwirizana ndi chitsulo kuti zisawonongeke ndi okisidhesheni.

Kukolola / 采青 — cǎiqīng: Mphukira zapamwamba zimakololedwa nyengo yotukuka ndikuperekedwa mwachangu ku fakitale, kupewa kutentha ndi kuwonongeka.
Kuyanika padzuwa / 晒青 — shàiqīng: Kuyanika padzuwa koopsa (较重, jiào zhòng) ndi khalidwe lapadera la luso la Zhangping. Imathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa ma enzymes ndikuyala maziko a kununkhira.
Kusunga mumthunzi / 晾青 — liàngqīng: Masamba oyanika amatengeredwa ku mthunzi, komwe amapumula ndi kuzizira. Mfundo ya “kuyalitsa mopyapyala ndi kusuntha pafupipafupi” (薄摊多晾, báo tān duō liàng) imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kukonza zobiriwira / 做青 — zuòqīng (kugwedeza ndi kupuma): Gawo lofunika kwambiri popanga kukoma ndi kununkhira. Magulu a kugwedeza (摇青, yáoqīng) ndi kupuma amasinthana. Kumayambiliro, sieve ya nsungwi (水筛, shuǐshāi) imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwedeza mopepuka; pambuyo pake, makina ogwedeza amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamphamvu kwambiri. Mfundo: “kugwedeza mopepuka, kubwereza kambiri” (轻摇多次). Ndendende njira ya “kugwedeza ndi kuyalitsa mopyapyala” (摇青薄摊) imapanga fungo la orchid.
Kukonza / 杀青 — shāqīng (炒青 — chǎoqīng): Kutentha kwakukulu kumaimitsa njira za ma enzymes ndikusunga mbiri ya kununkhira yomwe yakwaniritsidwa.
Kukulunga / 揉捻 — róuniǎn: Kukulunga kumapanga maonekedwe a tsamba ndikuthandiza kusweka kwa makoma a maselo, zomwe zimawonjezera kusungunuka pokonza.
Kupanga ndi Kufinya / 造型 — zàoxíng (kuphatikiza kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa): Gawo lapadera. Tiyi wokulungidwa amaikidwa m’mafomu apadera amatabwa (木模, mù mó), opangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa ochuluka a komweko “huangdu mu” (黄椟木, huáng dú mù) — opanda fungo, olimba kwambiri. Kukula kwake kofala: 6 × 6 × 2.5 cm (mkati mwake ~5 × 5 cm). Tiyi amafinyidwa ndi nyundo yamatabwa (木槌, mù chuí) ya kutalika kwa 25 cm yokhala ndi maziko a masikweya a 4.5 × 4.5 cm. Briketi iliyonse imakulungidwa mu pepala loyera losefera (kale — mu pepala lopanda mtundu ndi lopanda kukoma “maobianzhi”, 毛边纸), lomwe limagwira ntchito yokhazikitsa mawonekedwe. Pepalalo nthawi zambiri limadindidwa ndi chilembo chofiira — zokhumba mwayi, chisangalalo kapena dzina la dera.
Kuwotchera / 烘焙 — hōngbèi (炭焙 — tàn bèi): Kuyanika kotsiriza kumachitika pa moto wa makala (焙笼, bèilóng) pa kutentha kosaposa 60°C. Kuwotchera pang’onopang’ono ndi makala kumapatsa tiyi kuzama, kukhazikika komanso kulimba posunga.
Kusanja / 分级 — fēnjí: Mabriketi omalizidwa amasanjidwa malinga ndi ubwino m’magulu atatu akulu.

6. Makhalidwe a Kununkhira ndi Kulawa:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Mabriketi olimba a masikweya (方形, fāngxíng) olemera kuchokera 5 mpaka 15 g, okulungidwa mwauchenjeri mu pepala. Pamwamba pake ndi posalala, pansi. Mtundu wa tsamba louma ndi wobiriwira kwambiri wokhala ndi kachikasu ka bulauni, ngati mtundu wa nthochi yakupsa (似香蕉色). Mtundu wosasankhidwa (散茶, sǎn chá) umakhala wokulungidwa molimba motalikirapo — “maonekedwe a ndodo” (拐杖形, guǎizhàng xíng) kapena “maonekedwe a goli” (扁担形, biǎndan xíng), “mitundu itatu” yodziwika bwino (三节色, sān jié sè) ya tsinde ndi nthambi ya mbali zinai (四方梗, sìfāng gěng).
Fungo la masamba owuma: Loyera, lapamwamba ndi lalitali. Kuli kwambiri fungo lachilengedwe la orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng) — “lofanana ndi orchid ndi osmanthus” (如兰似桂). Mu tiyi yatsopano, fungo lachidutswa chatsopano (清香, qīngxiāng) limawonekera kwambiri; posungidwa, mafungo a osmanthus (桂花香, guìhuā xiāng) amakula. Pakhoza kukhalanso mafungo opepuka a uchi ndi zipatso.
Fungo la madzi: Lomveka bwino, lofanana ndi maluwa ndi lotsekemera, lapamwamba ndi lalitali. “Ulanga wachilengedwe” umamveka momveka; m’manenedwe owotchedwa, mafungo a nati ndi caramel amawonjezedwa. Fungo limakula ndikuwululidwa potulutsa kangapo.
Kukoma: Kokwanira, kofewa, 醇爽 (chún shuǎng) — “koyera ndi kotsitsimutsa”, komanso kofewa ndi kosangalala (鲜灵活泼, xiānlíng huópō). Kuwawa ndi kukhwimitsa ndi kochepa. Kukoma kobwerera m’kamwa (回甘, huígān) ndi kotalika ndi komveka. Mu phale ya fungo ndi kukoma: maluwa (orchid, narcissus), uchi, zipatso zatsopano ndi zophika, zonunkhira zopepuka za zonunkhira. Posamwa kwambiri, “funso mkati mwa kukoma” (味中透香) limamveka. Pambuyo pomwa, pakhomo pali kofewa, kophimba (喉润, hóu rùn).
Mtundu wa madzi: Wachikasu cha lalanje (橙黄) kapena wagolide (金黄), wowala ndi woyera (清澈明亮). Pakawonjezeka kuwotchera, mtundu umasunthira ku amber.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lopangidwa): Masamba akulu, amphamvu, ofewa ndi onyezimira (肥厚软亮). “Mphepete mwofiira” wodziwika (红边, hóng biān) — chifukwa cha okisidhesheni m’mbali. Mtsempha waukulu ndi wotakata komanso wachikasu (主脉宽黄). Mtundu — kuchokera ku wobiriwira wachikasu mpaka ku wa copper-brown.

7. Zomwe Zili Mkati mwa Cha monga Mankhwala:

Polyphenols: Mu masamba atsopano — osachepera 25.0% (malinga ndi mulingo). Amapangidwa ndi ma catechin ndi zotuluka za okisidhesheni yawo pang’ono. Malinga ndi magwero a ku China, ma polyphenols a Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān amathandizira kusweka kwa mafuta mogwira mtima kwambiri kuposa maulon wamba pafupifupi 30%.
Amino acids: Mu masamba atsopano — osachepera 4.0%. Chigawo chachikulu ndi L-theanine (L-茶氨酸, L-chá’ānjī suān), yomwe imapereka kutsitsimuka (鲜爽度) komanso kukoma kofanana ndi umami. Kuchuluka kwa amino acids kumadza chifukwa cha nyengo ya chifunga ndi kuwala kofalikira kwa Jiupengxi.
Alkaloids: Caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn) — mlingo wapakati, wofanana ndi tiyi za theka-kuvunda. Theobromine (可可碱, kěkě jiǎn) ndi theophylline (茶碱, chá jiǎn) — pang’ono kwambiri.
Mavitamini: Vitamini C, vitamini a gulu B (B₁, B₂), vitamini E, vitamini K.
Mamineralo: Potaziyamu (K), magineziyamu (Mg), manganese (Mn), chitsulo (Fe), fluoride (F). Dothi la m’derali lili ndi selenium (Se) ndi zinki (Zn) zambiri, zomwe zimawonekera mu mbiri ya mamineralo a tiyiyo.
Mafuta ofunikira: Amabweretsa fungo lokhalitsa la maluwa. Zomwe zili mkati zikuphatikizapo nerol, linalool, geraniol ndi ma ester awo — zofalitsa za “ulanga wachilengedwe”.
Zina: Mphamvu ya antioxidant ya Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān, malinga ndi magwero a ku China, ndi yochuluka kuwirikiza 18 kuposa vitamini E pakathetsa ma free radicals.

8. Ubwino wa Thupi:

Mphamvu yofewetsa: Kuphatikiza kwa caffeine ndi L-theanine kumapereka kukhudzika kopanda kudumpha kwadzidzidzi: L-theanine imachepetsa mphamvu ya caffeine, ndikupanga mkhalidwe wa kukhazikika modekha.
Mphamvu ya antioxidant: Kuchuluka kwa polyphenols kumathandiza kuteteza maselo ku nkhawa ya okisidhesheni ndikuchedwetsa kukalamba.
Kuthandizira kagayidwe ka mafuta: Ma polyphenols a tiyi amathandizira kusweka kwa mafuta ndipo angathandize kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol “woipa” (LDL).
Kugaya chakudya: Imalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa ma enzymes a m’mimba, imathandiza pakuvulala kwa mimba. Khalidwe lake: pakumwa kwa nthawi yaitali komanso pafupipafupi, siyipsya kansalu ka m’mimba (久饮多饮而不伤胃), zomwe zimasiyanitsa Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān ndi tiyi zambiri zobiriwira.
Dongosolo la mtima ndi mitsempha: Angathandize kulimbitsa makoma a mitsempha ndikusunga kusinthasintha kwake.
Kuchotsa poizoni: Imathandizira kutulutsa zotuluka za kagayidwe kachakudya mofewa.
Ntchito za ubongo: L-theanine imathandizira ntchito za ubongo, imakweza chidwi ndikuchepetsa nkhawa.
Kutenthetsa thupi: Mitundu yowotchedwa ndi yabwino makamaka m’nyengo yozizira — imatenthetsa popanda kulemetsa thupi.

9. Kaphikidwe (Kukonza):

Kutentha kwa madzi: 95–100°C. Sikovomerezeka kupitirira 100°C: malinga ndi akatswiri aku China, kutentha kwakukulu kumawononga theanine ndikuchepetsa kutsitsimuka (鲜味, xiānwèi) kwa madzi.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: Briketi imodzi (5–8 g) pa 75–100 ml ya madzi pophika mwa njira ya gongfu. Chiŵerengero cha 1:15 (5 g pa 75 ml) chimawerengedwa ngati chachikale.
Zida: Gaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn) ya porcelain — njira yabwino, yowonetsera mafungo a maluwa. Teapot ya dongo la Yixing (宜兴紫砂壶, Yíxīng zǐshā hú) — ya mitundu yowotchedwa, yomwe dongo limapatsa kufewa kowonjezereka.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsani ziwiya ndi madzi otentha, tsanulani madziwo.
2. Ikani briketi mu gaiwan kapena teapot. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito briketi yathunthu, ndikwabwino kuiphwanya pang’ono ndi manja kuti ifalikire mwachangu. Lolani tsamba kuti “lipume” mu zida zotentha kwa masekondi 10–15.
3. Kutsuka (润茶, rùn chá): tsanulani madzi kwa masekondi 3–5 ndipo tsanulani nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimadzutsa tsamba ndikuchotsa fumbi.
4. Kutulutsa koyamba: tsanulani madzi ndikusunga masekondi 15–20. Tsanulani madzi mu chahai (公道杯, gōngdào bēi) kapena mwachindunji m’makapu.
5. Zotulutsa zobwerezabwereza: 6–8 kaphikidwe, ndikuwonjezera nthawi ya kutulutsa kulikonse kwa masekondi 5. Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān wabwino amatha kupirira kutulutsa mpaka 8, ndikuwulula pang’onopang’ono mbali zatsopano za kukoma.
6. Kaphikidwe kozizira (冷泡法, lěng pào fǎ): 5 g ya tiyi pa 250 ml ya madzi ozizira, kusunga mufiriji kwa maola 6. Njirayi “imatseka” kutsitsimuka ndikupereka madzi osalala, odekha.

10. Kusunga:

Sungani pamalo owuma, ozizira, opanda kuwala, mu chidebe chotsekedwa bwino, kutali ndi fungo lachilendo. Adani a tiyi: chinyezi, kutentha kwakukulu, kuwala kwachindunji, fungo lamphamvu.
Mitundu yowotchedwa imakhala yolimba pakusunga chifukwa cha kukonza ndi makala. Nthawi yosungira — mpaka miyezi 36 pamikhalidwe yoyenera.
Tiyi watsopano amalimbikitsidwa kusungidwa kwa masiku 15 pamalo opanda kuwala kuti “achotse moto” (褪火, tuì huǒ) asanayambe kumwa koyamba.
Pambuyo potsegula paketi, ndikwabwino kumwa tiyi mkati mwa masiku 7 kuti fungo lisatayike.
Mitundu yosungidwa kwanthawi yaitali (陈年, chénnián) imalola kusungidwa kwautali: pamikhalidwe yoyenera, fungo limasintha — kuchoka ku maluwa kupita ku osmanthus ndi matabwa.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Gulu la mtengo: Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān ali m’gulu lapakati ndi lapamwamba pakati pa maulon aku Fujian. Mitengo yoyerekeza (malinga ndi msika waku China): kalasi yapadera (特级, tèjí) — kuyambira 700 yuan pa jin (500 g) ndi kupitirira apo; kalasi yoyamba (一级, yījí) — 350–700 yuan pa jin; kalasi yachiwiri (二级, èrjí) — 160–240 yuan pa jin. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mtengo: nyengo yakukolola (yamasika ndiyokwera mtengo), kutalika kwa kulima, zaka za mitengo ya tiyi, mbiri ya mmisiri ndi dera, kuchuluka kwa ntchito yamanja, kusungidwa kwanthawi yaitali.
Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
- Gulani kwa ogulitsa odalirika omwe angathe kupereka chidziwitso cha mzinda weniweni ndi mmisiri wopanga. Fufuzani chizindikiro cha dera.
- Onani maonekedwe: mabriketi enieni ndi osalala, olimba, opanda zinyalala ndi fumbi. Pepala lokulungira ndi loyera, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala chidindo chofiira.
- Onani fungo: tiyi wouma wabwino amakhala ndi fungo loyera, lapamwamba la maluwa popanda “kununkhira kwa mankhwala”, kufota kapena kuwawasa.
- Onani madzi: mtundu ndi wowala, wachikasu cha lalanje kapena wagolide. Madzi osokonekera, osawala ndi chizindikiro cha khalidwe lotsika kapena kusungidwa molakwika.
- Khalani tcheru ndi mtengo wotsika modabwitsa: mtengo weniweni wa Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān wopangidwa ndi manja umapangitsa kuti kutsika pansi kwa mtengo kusakhale kotheka.

12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:

Wolong woponderezedwa wokha padziko lonse. Mu kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu kwa tiyi za wolong — kuyambira ku mapiri a Taiwan mpaka ku Guangdong dancong — Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān amakhalabe wapadera kwambiri: palibe wolong wina aliyense padziko lapansi amene amapangidwa m’mawonekedwe oponderezedwa.
Briketi imodzi — kaphikidwe kamodzi. Sikweya ya kukula kwa 6 × 6 cm imapangidwa kuti kulemera kwake (5–8 g) kugwirizane ndi gawo limodzi la kaphikidwe ka gongfu. Izi zimapangitsa tiyi kukhala yosavuta kusunga, kuyendetsa ndi kuyeza.
Ukadaulo wopanda chitsulo. Pa nthawi yonse ya ndondomekoyi — kuyambira kugwedeza mpaka kufinya — zida za nsungwi ndi zamatabwa zokha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kukhudza chitsulo kumaonedwa kuti kumawononga fungo, chifukwa kumayambitsa okisidhesheni yosayenera.
Njira ya maonekedwe: kuchoka ku mpukutu kupita ku sikweya. Mpaka 1914, tiyi wa madzi ku Zhangping analipo poyamba ngati mpukutu (条索形), kenako ngati mawonekedwe a mpira (圆球形). Kufinya kwa masikweya — kupangidwa ndi Deng Guanjin — kunakhala mawonekedwe achitatu ndi omaliza, osasinthidwa kwa zaka zoposa zana limodzi.
Mlingo wa zero wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mu 2018, kufufuza kwa zitsanzo 201 za tiyi kuchokera ku Zhangping kunasonyeza kusakhalapo kwenikweni kwa zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo — zotsatira za ndondomeko yokhazikika ya chilengedwe ndi njira zamoyo zotetezera zomera.

13. Kufanizira ndi Maulon Ena:

Wuyishan Shui Xian (武夷水仙, Wǔyí Shuǐxiān): “Wachibale” wapamtima wa cultivar. Mtundu wa Wuyishan ndi wosasankhidwa, wa yancha (岩茶) wokhala ndi kuwotchera kolemera, khalidwe la mchere (岩韵, yán yùn), thupi lolimba ndi mafungo a moss, mtengo wakale ndi nati zowotchedwa. Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān, mosiyana, amatsindika kutsitsimuka ndi maluwa; kuwotchera kwake ndi kofewa, ndipo mawonekedwe oponderezedwa amapereka kufutukuka kwa “kolimbikitsa”, kopitirira pang’onopang’ono.
Tie Guanyin (铁观音, Tiě Guānyīn): Wolong wotchuka wa kum’mwera kwa Fujian wochokera ku Anxi. Tie Guanyin wa kalembedwe kopepuka (清香型) amadziwika ndi maluwa ambiri ndi mafungo a kirimu; wa kalembedwe kowotchedwa (浓香型) — wokhala ndi nati zotentha. Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān ali ndi thupi la “madzi kwambiri”, lamafuta, lomwe ndi khalidwe la mtundu wa Shui Xian, ndipo ali ndi kuwawasa kochepa.
Dong Ding (凍頂, Dòng Dǐng): Wolong waku Taiwan wa kuwotchera kwapakati wokhala ndi mafungo a nati, caramel ndi maluwa. Amakhala ofanana ndi Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān pa mulingo wa okisidhesheni, koma amasiyana ndi cultivar (nthawi zambiri Qing Xin, 青心), mawonekedwe (kukulunga kwa mpira popanda kufinya) ndi kutsindika kwa kukoma — Dong Ding ali ndi mbiri yodziwika bwino ya nati-caramel.
Fenghuang Dancong (凤凰单丛, Fènghuáng Dāncóng): Wolong waku Guangdong wochokera ku Chaozhou. Ngakhale ali ndi mbiri ya maluwa yofanana, Dancong amasonyeza kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zigawo za kununkhira ndi khalidwe la “monodominant” la fungo (nthawi zambiri ndi fungo limodzi lotsogolera — gardenia, magnolia, amondi, ndi zina zotero), pomwe Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān amapereka phale yofewa, ya “chord”.

14. Mitundu ndi Magawo a Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān:

Malinga ndi maonekedwe:

Tiyi-mkate / 水仙茶饼 — Shuǐxiān chábǐng: Sikweya woponderezedwa, wopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomu yamatabwa ndi kuwotchera ndi makala. Imakhala yolimba posunga komanso yokoma mwakuya, “yosonkhanitsidwa”. Fungo la orchid limamveka kwambiri. Ndi mawonekedwe achikale ndi amtengo wapatali kwambiri.
Tiyi wosasankhidwa wa madzi / 水仙散茶 — Shuǐxiān sǎn chá: Tsamba lokulungidwa la mawonekedwe odziwika a “ndodo”. Ndi losavuta kuphika, limasonyeza kutsitsimuka kwakukulu (鲜爽度), koma silikhala lolimba posunga.

Malinga ndi ubwino wa masamba:

Kalasi yapadera / 特级 — tèjí: Ubwino wapamwamba kwambiri wa masamba (≥ 95% ya mphukira zofanana). Fungo — lokhazikika, lapamwamba, la orchid. Madzi a mtundu wagolide. Mtengo woyerekeza — kuyambira 700 yuan pa jin.
Kalasi yoyamba / 一级 — yījí: Mphukira yokhala ndi tsamba limodzi ndi mphukira imodzi (≥ 90%). Kukulunga kolimba. Fungo la uchi lomveka, kukoma kofewa ndi kokwanira.
Kalasi yachiwiri / 二级 — èrjí: Mphukira yokhala ndi tsamba limodzi ndi masamba awiri. Fungo loyera, lachikale. Ubwino wabwino wa mtengo. Mtengo woyerekeza — 160–240 yuan pa jin.

Pamapeto:

Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān ndi tiyi yodabwitsa: wolong woponderezedwa wokha padziko lonse, nthawi imodzi amatengera miyambo ya magulu awiri akulu a maulon aku Fujian ndipo sakhala wa wina aliyense mwa iwo kwathunthu. Sikweya yake yaing’ono ya pepala ndi gawo la bata ndi kulondola: muyeso woyenera wopangidwa ndi mmisiri, wokulungidwa mu pepala losefera, wofinyidwa ndi nyundo yamatabwa, wowotchedwa pamakala pa madigiri makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Mukangothira briketi yosadziwika bwino iyi madzi, imayamba kunena — za mapiri amchifungwa a Jiupengxi, za luso lazaka zana la Deng Guanjin, za kukhwima moleza mtima kwa fungo la orchid mkati mwa kufinya kolimba. Zhāngpíng Shuǐ Xiān sadzitamandira — amadziwulula pang’onopang’ono, kuchokera kutulutsa mpaka kutulutsa, ndikupereka kutsekemera kofewa, chiyero ndi kuzama. Tiyiyi idzapeza wokonda wake pakati pa iwo omwe amakonda mawu osalira, koma owona mu kwaya yaikulu ya tiyi yaku China.

15. Kusiyana Pakati pa Shuǐ Xiān waku Wuyishan ndi Shuǐ Xiān waku Kumwera kwa Fujian (Minnan):

Khalidwe	Shuǐ Xiān waku Wuyishan	Shuǐ Xiān waku Kumwera kwa Fujian (Minnan)
Maonekedwe	Wakuda kwambiri, wokhala ndi kufiira pang’ono, wokulungidwa molimba	Wowala, wobiriwira, wosakulungidwa molimba kwambiri
Fungo	Lamphamvu kwambiri, ndi mafungo a kuwotchera, zipatso zouma, “khalidwe la miyala”	Latsopano, la maluwa, la kirimu
Kukoma	Kolimba, kokhwimitsa, kokhala ndi mafungo a mchere, “yan yun”	Kofewa, kotsekemera, ndi mafungo a maluwa
Mtundu wa madzi	Wakuda, wofiira wa amber	Wowala, wachikasu wa golide
Mulingo wa kuwotchera	Kavumbikavumbi wapakati kapena wamphamvu, pamakala	Kavumbikavumbi wopepuka kapena wapakati
Pambuyo pakumwa	Kotalika, ndi mafungo a mchere ndi zonunkhira	Kopepuka, ndi mafungo a maluwa
Zotsatira	Zamphamvu, zolimbikitsa, zotenthetsa	Zofewa, zotsitsimutsa

Pamapeto:

Shuǐ Xiān ndi wolong wosiyanasiyana ndi wochititsa chidwi, womwe umapereka kwa okonda tiyi mwayi wosiyanasiyana wokoma ndi kununkhira. Kutengera ndi komwe amachokera, ukadaulo wopangira ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwotchera, amatha kukhala wofewa ndi wa maluwa, komanso wamphamvu, wodzaza, wokhala ndi mafungo a mchere. Shuǐ Xiān waku Wuyishan, mosakayikira, ndi ngale pakati pa maulon a miyala, mawonekedwe a “nyimbo ya miyala” yotchuka — “yan yun”. Kulawa Shuǐ Xiān weniweni ndiko kutsegulira dziko lodabwitsa la tiyi yaku China, kumva mgwirizano wa chilengedwe ndi kukhudza miyambo yakale ya kulima tiyi. Tiyiyi ndi yoyenera kumwa tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso pa nthawi zapadera, pamene mukufuna kusangalala ndi chinthu chapadera ndi chosaiwalika.