Yunnan Jingdian 1938 Hong Cha

Yunnan Jingdian 1938 ndi tiyi wodziwika bwino wa ku Yunnan wa gulu la Dian Hong (滇红, Diān Hóng), yemwe dzina lake limakumbukira chaka chimene ntchito ya tiyi wofiira ku Yunnan inayambira. Tiyi uyu, wopangidwa panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse monga katundu wotumiza kunja kuti apulumutse chuma cha dziko, anakhala chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zabwino za tiyi wofiira wa ku China ndi chizindikiro cha luso la akatswiri a tiyi m’chigawo cha Yunnan.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wofiira (红茶, hóngchá) – wokazinga mokwanira (mlingo wa okisijeni pafupifupi 80–90%). M’dongosolo la azungu, umadziwika kuti tiyi wakuda (black tea).
Gulu: Dian Hong Gongfu Cha (滇红工夫茶, Diān Hóng Gōngfū Chá) – tiyi wofiira wa ku Yunnan wa mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Ndi tiyi wamakono wopangidwa ndi wolemba, wozikidwa pa njira yopangira yapamwamba ya 1938–1939.
Chiyambi: China (中国), chigawo cha Yunnan (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng), chigawo cha Lincang (临沧市, Líncāng Shì), boma la Fengqing (凤庆县, Fèngqìng Xiàn).
Malo (kudzera pa ma coordinates): Pafupifupi 24°35′ N, 100°05′ E (boma la Fengqing).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Kubadwa kwa tiyi wofiira waku Yunnan ndi chimodzi mwa nkhani zochititsa chidwi kwambiri m’mbiri ya tiyi wa ku China. Mu 1937, nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itayamba, madera akuluakulu a tiyi kum’mawa kwa China—Qimen (Anhui), Tanyang (Fujian), Ninghong (Jiangxi)—anagonjetsedwa ndi asilikali. Kugulitsa tiyi wofiira kunja, kumene kunkabweretsa ndalama zakunja zofunika kwambiri, kunayima pafupifupi. M’chilimwe cha 1938, China Tea Company (中国茶叶公司, Zhōngguó Cháyè Gōngsī) inatumiza katswiri wa zaumisiri Feng Shaoqiu (冯绍裘, Féng Shàoqiú, 1900–1987) ndi mkulu wa boma Zheng Hechun (郑鹤春, Zhèng Hèchūn) ku Yunnan kuti akapeze malo atsopano a tiyi. Mu November 1938, Feng Shaoqiu, atayenda ulendo woopsa wa masiku angapo kuchokera ku Kunming kudzera ku Dali—pamahatchi ndi wapansi m’mphepete mwa maphompho a Lancangjiang (Mekong)—anafika ku boma la Shunning (顺宁, lomwe tsopano ndi Fengqing). Ataona mitengo ya tiyi yakomweko ndi masamba akulu, onenepa, okuta ndi ubweya wambiri, anayamba kuyesa mwachangu. Pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake pa tiyi wofiira wa Qimen ndi kusintha njira yopangira kuti igwirizane ndi masamba akulu a ku Yunnan (Camellia sinensis var. assamica), Feng Shaoqiu anapanga tiyi wofiira woyamba m’mbiri kuchokera ku masamba akulu a ku Yunnan. Zitsanzo zinatumizidwa ku Hong Kong ndipo zinalandira ndemanga zabwino kwambiri—tiyi anaweruzidwa kuti ndi “mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wofiira wa ku China.” Poyamba tiyi ankatchedwa “Yun Hong” (云红, “Yunnan Red”), koma pa 9 April 1940, Yunnan Tea Company inasintha dzina lake kukhala “Dian Hong” (滇红), pogwiritsa ntchito dzina lalifupi lakale la chigawochi—“Dian” (滇). Mu January 1939, Feng Shaoqiu anayambitsa Shunning Experimental Tea Factory (顺宁实验茶厂, Shùnníng Shìyàn Cháchǎng) ndipo anayamba kupanga m’mafakitale. Ntchito yoyamba—pafupifupi matani 500 (担, pafupifupi matani 16)—inatumizidwa ku London kudzera ku Hong Kong ndipo inagulitsidwa pamtengo wapamwamba wa ndalama 800 pa paundi, ndikukhazikitsa mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri pamsika wapadziko lonse wa tiyi wofiira. Pambuyo pake, Dian Hong anakhala katundu wofunika kwambiri wotumiza kunja: potsata ndondomeko yakuti “matani imodzi ya tiyi wofiira pa matani khumi a chitsulo,” dziko linkapeza zipangizo zankhondo zofunika kwambiri. Mu 1952, fakitaleyo inasinthidwa kukhala Fengqing Tea Factory (云南省凤庆茶厂), ndipo mu 1996 inakonzedwanso kukhala Yunnan Dianhong Group (云南滇红集团). Dzina lakuti “Jingdian 1938” (kapena m’matembenuzidwe ena “Jingdian 58,” 经典58) linayambitsidwa ndi kampaniyo mu 2006 pokumbukira zochita za mbiri yakale: mu 1957–1958, Dian Hong anakweza mtengo wake kawiri motsatizana pa msika wa ku London, ndipo mu 1958, gulu lapadera la tiyi linatumizidwa ku Central Committee ya CPC ndi lipoti la kupambana.
Dzina:
- “Yunnan” (云南, Yúnnán) – chigawo choyambira, kutanthauza “kumwera kwa mitambo.”
- “Jingdian” (经典, Jīngdiǎn) – “chachikale,” “chachikale kwambiri,” kusonyeza njira yopangira yapamwamba.
- “1938” – chaka chimene chinakhala chiyambi cha mbiri ya tiyi wofiira wa ku Yunnan: mu 1938, Feng Shaoqiu anafika ku Shunning ndipo anapanga zitsanzo zoyamba.
- “Hong Cha” (红茶, Hóngchá) – “tiyi wofiira.”
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Dian Hong Jingdian 1938 ndi wapadera kwambiri m’chikhalidwe cha tiyi wa ku China monga tiyi wobadwa m’nthawi ya nkhondo ndipo wakhala chizindikiro cha kulimba mtima kwa mtundu. Mu 1959, Dian Hong wa mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri anasankhidwa kukhala tiyi wovomerezeka wa ukazembe wa China (外交礼茶, wàijiāo lǐchá), ndipo kupanga kwake kunakhazikitsidwa kokha ku Fengqing Factory. Mu 1986, pa ulendo wa Mfumukazi Elizabeth II ya Great Britain ku Kunming, kazembe wa Yunnan anamupatsa “Dian Hong Gongfu Cha” monga mphatso ya boma. Mu 2022, luso la kupanga Dian Hong linawonjezedwa pa Mndandanda wa Cholowa Chosawoneka cha Anthu cha UNESCO.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zinthu Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito:

Mtundu / Cultivar: Mtundu wa masamba akulu a ku Yunnan – Camellia sinensis var. assamica, womwe umadziwika kuti Da Ye Zhong (大叶种, Dà Yè Zhǒng). Pakupanga Jingdian 1938, mtundu wa masamba akulu a Fengqing (凤庆大叶种, Fèngqìng Dà Yè Zhǒng) umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri—mtundu wovomerezeka wa chigawo. Mitengo imatha kukula kwambiri (kufika 10–15 m kwa mitengo yakale), ndi masamba akulu, onenepa, obiriwira, okuta ndi ubweya wambiri.
Kukolola: Mulingo wokolola ndi mphukira imodzi ndi masamba awiri apamwamba (一芽二叶, yī yá èr yè). Kwa magulu apamwamba, nyengo ya masika imakondedwa. Malinga ndi njira yoyambirira ya “Jingdian 58” ya Dianhong Group, kokha mphukira zomwe zikungoyamba kumuka ndi tsamba limodzi (一芽一叶初展, yī yá yī yè chūzhǎn) za mtundu wa masamba akulu a Fengqing zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakololedwa kuchokera ku mitengo yachikulire, kuphatikiza yakale (古树, gǔshù) ndi ya theka-thengo ya zaka zambiri.
Zofunikira pa zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito: Mphukira ndi masamba akulu, onenepa, okuta ndi ubweya wagolide wambiri. Kuchuluka kwa ma tips ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha khalidwe la Dian Hong la gululi.

4. Malo (Terroir) ndi Njira Zolimira:

Chigawo: Boma la Fengqing lili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Yunnan, m’chigwa cha Mtsinje wa Lancangjiang (Mekong). Fengqing mwambiri ndi komwe kunabadwira Dian Hong komanso dera lalikulu kwambiri lopanga tiyi ku Yunnan, ndipo malo onse olimapo tiyi ndi pafupifupi mahekitala 20,000.
Kutalika kwa malo olimapo: Minda ya tiyi imapezeka pa utali wa mamita 1,200 mpaka 2,200 pamwamba pa nyanja. Mapulani okwera kwambiri ndi minda ya mitengo ya tiyi ya thengo m’mbali mwa mapiri a Ailaoshan amapereka zinthu za khalidwe lapamwamba kwambiri.
Nthaka: Nthaka zofiira ndi za yellow laterite zokhala ndi acidity (pH 5.0–6.0), zolemera ndi zinthu zamoyo. Kuchuluka kwa iron ndi mchere kumapatsa tsamba la tiyi kununkhira ndi kukoma kozama.
Nyengo: Ya subtropical monsoon, ndi nyengo yozizira yofatsa (kutentha kwapakati pa January pafupifupi 10°C) ndi chirimwe chotentha ndi chinyezi. Kutentha kwapachaka pafupifupi 13–15°C. Mvula yapachaka pafupifupi 1,200 mm. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku (kufika 15°C) kumathandizira kuti tsamba likule pang’onopang’ono ndi kuti zinthu zonunkhira ziziwunjika mwamphamvu.
Zapadera: Minda yambiri ya Fengqing imatsata njira zaulimi zopanda mankhwala. Mitengo yoteteza nthaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuteteza kukokoloka kwa nthaka. Mitengo ya tiyi yakomweko ndi ina mwa mitengo yakale kwambiri padziko lapansi: ku Fengqing pali zitsanzo za zaka masauzande angapo. Fengqing ili m’mbali mwa mbiri yakale ya Chamagudao (茶马古道, Chámǎ Gǔdào) – Njira ya Tea-Horse.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Ukadaulo wa “Jingdian 1938” umakhazikika pa njira yopangira yachikale ya Feng Shaoqiu, yosinthidwira kupanga kwamakono. Chosiyanitsa ndicho kupangidwa kwa tsamba lowongoka, lalitali (特形茶, tèxíng chá), chomwe chinali chatsopano poyerekeza ndi maonekedwe achikale a Gongfu cha ofupikitsa ndi osalala:

Kukolola (采摘, cǎizhāi): Kukolola pamanja kwa mphukira zofewa ndi masamba ang’onoango, makamaka m’mawa.
Kufota (萎凋, wěidiāo): Masamba okololedwa amayalidwa mosanjikiza paminyewa ya nsungwi kapena m’miyendo yapadera yofotera. Nthawi yofotera ndi maola 12–18 pansi pa zinthu zachilengedwe kapena maola 4–6 ndi mpweya wouma. Chinyezi chimatsika kufika 60–65%. Masamba amasiya kukhala otanuka ndipo amayamba kununkhira ngati maluwa.
Kupotoza (揉捻, róuniǎn): Masamba ofota amapotozedwa pamakina opotoza. Kwa “Jingdian 58,” njira yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito yopanga zingwe zowongoka, zolimba (条索紧直, tiáosuǒ jǐnzhí) ndi nsonga zagolide zowoneka bwino (金毫显露, jīn háo xiǎnlù).
Kufufumitsa / Okisijeni (发酵, fājiào): Gawo lofunika kwambiri. Masamba opotozedwa amaikidwa m’malo omwe chinyezi ndi kutentha zimayang’aniridwa. Mlingo wa okisijeni umafika pa 80% kapena kupitilira. Ma catechin amasanduka ma theaflavin ndi thearubigin, ndikupanga mtundu wofiira wa madzi ndi kununkhira kokoma ngati malt.
Kuwumba ndi kukweza fungo (塑形提香, sùxíng tíxiāng): Gawo lowonjezera, lodziwika ndi njira ya “Jingdian 58,” kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe owongoka a tsamba ndi kukulitsa fungo pansi pa kutentha kwapakati.
Kuyanika (烘干, hōnggān): Masamba owumidwa a zopangidwa amawumitsidwa ndi mpweya wotentha mpaka chinyezi chikhale 4–6%. Kuwumitsa kumakhazikitsa kakomedwe ndi fungo lomwe lapezeka ndipo kumatsimikizira kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kusankha (分级, fēnjí): Tiyi womalizidwa amasankhidwa malinga ndi kukula, kukhazikika kwa tsamba, ndi kuchuluka kwa ma tips.

6. Makhalidwe a Kununkhira, Kukoma, ndi Maonekedwe:

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Zingwe zazikulu, zowongoka, zolimba (osati zopota mwachidule ngati za Gongfu cha wamba). Mtundu ndi woderapo, pafupifupi wakuda, ndi nsonga zagolide ndi za lalanje zambiri (ma tips). Tsamba nlosweka, losasinthasintha, ndi “ubweya wagolide” wowoneka bwino.
Fungo la tsamba louma: Lamphamvu, lokoma, longonunkhira kwambiri ngati malt, uchi, koko, zipatso zouma (ma prunes, ma apricot), ndi kakang’ono ka maluwa kapena zonunkhira zowawa.
Fungo la madzi: Lolemera, lofunda, lokoma. Limabwereza ndi kuzama za fungo la tsamba louma—malt, uchi, chakudya chophika—ndikuwonjezera kanunkhira ka caramel ndi zipatso zokhwima.
Kukoma: Chofewa, chokwanira, chokometsera pang’ono, pafupifupi popanda chithovu chowawa. Kununkhira kwakukulu ndi kwa malt, uchi, zipatso (zipatso zofiira, pichesi), ndi chokoleti. Kukoma pambuyo pake kumatenga nthawi yayitali, kokoma, ndi kakang’ono ka mchere ndi maluwa (rozi). Tiyi uyu ndi wabwino kwambiri kumwa popanda zowonjezera (清饮, qīngyǐn) chifukwa cha kutsekemera kwake kwachilengedwe.
Mtundu wa madzi: Wowala, wosawona, wa mbalame yofiira kwambiri kapena wa konyaki. Mkhalidwe wake ndi “mkombero wagolide” (金圈, jīnquān) m’mphepete mwa kapu—chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa ma theaflavin ndi khalidwe lapamwamba.
Tsamba pambuyo pophika: Masamba ofewa, osalala, a bulauni wofiira, osungabe mawonekedwe awo mosweka. Tsamba limatseguka kwathunthu, ndikuwonetsa mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi kapena awiri.

7. Zomwe Zili M’thupi la Tiyi (Chemical Composition):

Ma Polyphenols: Mulingo wonse wa ma polyphenols mu mtundu wa masamba akulu a ku Yunnan umafika 30–34% ya kulemera kowuma—chimodzi mwa zapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa mitundu ya tiyi padziko lonse. Pakufufumitsa, ma catechin (EGCG, ECG) amasanduka ma theaflavin (TF, pafupifupi 1–2%) ndi ma thearubigin (TR, pafupifupi 8–15%), amene amapanga mtundu, thupi, ndi mphamvu ya antioxidant ya madzi.
Ma Amino Acids: Mulingo wonse pafupifupi 1.5–2%, kuphatikiza L-theanine, yomwe imathandizira kupanga kakomedwe kanga kofanana ndi umami ndi kokoma pang’ono.
Ma Alkaloids: Kafeini pafupifupi 3.5–4.1% ya kulemera kowuma, zomwe zimapereka mphamvu zozindikirika koma zofewetsa. Theobromine ndi theophylline amapezeka pang’ono.
Ma Polysaccharides: Ma polysaccharides osungunuka m’madzi (pafupifupi 4–6%) amapatsa madzi kukhuthala, mafuta, ndi kutsekemera kwina kwachilengedwe.
Mafuta Ofunika: Gulu lolemera la zinthu zonunkhira zowuluka—linalool, geraniol, citronellol, β-damascenone—amapanga fungo lodziwika bwino la uchi ndi malt, ndi kakang’ono ka maluwa ndi zipatso. Maonekedwe a mafuta ofunika ndi apadera chifukwa cha malo okwera.
Mavitamini ndi Mamineralo: Mavitamini a gulu B, mavitamini C ndi P (ochedwa); potaziyamu, manganese, zinki, selenium.

8. Ubwino wa Thupi:

Mphamvu ya kulimbikitsa: Kafeini pamodzi ndi L-theanine amapereka mphamvu yofewa, yokhazikika yowonjezera mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwa malingaliro popanda “kudumpha” ndi kugwa pambuyo pake monga momwe zimachitira ndi khofi.
Ntchito ya antioxidant: Ma theaflavin ndi ma thearubigin ndi ma antioxidant amphamvu, amathandizira kuteteza ma cell ku kupsinjika kwa okisijeni ndi kuchepetsa kufulumira kwa ukalamba.
Thandizo la mtima ndi mitsempha: Kumwa pang’onopang’ono kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa ntchito ya mitsempha, kuchepetsa mulingo wa “cholesterol woipa” (LDL), ndi kuthekera kochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Kusintha kwa chakudya: Tiyi wofiira amathandizira kutulutsa ma enzymes a chakudya. Ma polysaccharides amathandizira chakudya cham’mimba, ndikusamalira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mphamvu yowotha: M’mankhwala achikhalidwe a ku China, tiyi wofiira amadziwika kuti ndi chakumwa “chofunda,” chabwino kwambiri panyengo yozizira komanso kwa anthu omwe ali ndi thupi “lozizira.”
Kuchepetsa kupsinjika: L-theanine imathandizira kupanga mafunde a alpha mu ubongo, ndikupereka mphamvu yopumula popanda kugona.
Kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi: Ma antioxidants ndi ma polysaccharides amapereka mphamvu yokulimbitsa mthupi yambiri.

9. Maphikidwe a Tiyi:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 90–95°C. Kutentha kochepa sikungatulutse fungo lonse, ndipo madzi otentha kwambiri angawonjezere chithovu.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 5–7 g pa 150–200 ml pa njira yothira mwachangu; 2–3 g pa 200 ml pa kuphikira kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zombo za tiyi: Mbiya ya dongo la Yixing (紫砂, zǐshā)—imafewetsa kakomedwe ndi kusunga kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali; gaiwan ya porcelain (蓋碗, gàiwàn)—imawunikira ukhondo ndi kuwala kwa fungo; zombo zagalasi—zimalola kusangalala ndi kutseguka kwa tsamba ndi mtundu wa madzi. Pachibale chosavuta, kappu wamba ndi strainer ndi yokwanira.
Njira (yothira mwachangu, Gongfu Cha, 功夫茶):
1. Tenthetsani zombo ndi madzi owiritsa, tsanulani madzi.
2. Ikani tiyi wouma mu gaiwan kapena mbiya.
3. Kutsuka: tsanulani madzi otentha ndipo nthawi yomweyo tsanulani—izi zimadzutsa tsamba ndi kuchotsa fumbi.
4. Kuphika koyamba: tsanulani madzi a 90–95°C, phikani kwa masekondi pafupifupi 30–45.
5. Kuphika kotsatira: onjezerani nthawi ndi masekondi 10–15 pa kuphika kulikonse.
6. Tiyi amatha kuphika kobwereza 5–7, kulikonse kumasonyeza mbali zatsopano za kakomedwe.
Njira (yophikira nthawi yayitali):
1. Tenthetsani mbiya kapena kapu.
2. Ikani 2–3 g ya tiyi pa 200 ml.
3. Tsanulani madzi a 90–95°C.
4. Phikani kwa mphindi 3–5.
5. Tiyi ndi wofewa ndipo ndi wokwanira palokha—ndi wabwino kumwa popanda zowonjezera.

10. Kasungidwe:

Sungani mu chidebe chosatulutsa mpweya, chosawonetsa kuwala pamalo owuma, ozizira, kutali ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi magwero a fungo lamphamvu. Kutentha koyenera kwa kusunga ndi mpaka 25°C, chinyezi osapitilira 60%. Mukasungidwa bwino, kakomedwe ndi fungo zimasungidwa kwa zaka 1.5–2. Tiyi wofiira sipangidwira kusungidwa kwa zaka zambiri monga pu’er: patapita nthawi, kununkhira kumachepa, ngakhale thupi likhoza kukhala lofewetsa pang’ono. Komabe, okonda ena amaona kusintha kosangalatsa kwa Dian Hong wosungidwa (zaka 3–5): kuwonekera kwa matabwa a mozama ndi uchi.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Mtengo: “Yunnan Jingdian 1938” (kapena “Jingdian 58” monga momwe amatchulira ndi Dianhong Group) ndi wa gulu lapamwamba la tiyi wofiira waku Yunnan. Mtengo wake umadalira khalidwe la zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito (zaka za mitengo, kuchuluka kwa ma tips, kukolola pamanja kapena makina), m’mene wakololedwa, ndi wopanga. Mbiri: ntchito yoyamba ya Dian Hong mu 1939 inagulitsidwa ku London pa mtengo wa ndalama 800 pa paundi—womwe unali wapamwamba kwambiri panthawiyo. Masiku ano, mtengo wa malonda a Dian Hong Jingdian wapamwamba umayambira pa 200 mpaka 800 yuan (pafupifupi $25–110 USD) pa 100 g, malinga ndi gulu.
Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
- Gulani tiyi kwa ogulitsa odalirika odziwika omwe ali ndi njira zowonekera za katundu.
- Yang’anani maonekedwe: zingwe zowongoka, zolimba zokhala ndi ma tips agolide ochuluka. Tsamba losweka, lodzala fumbi, kapena laling’ono kwambiri ndi chizindikiro cha khalidwe lotsika.
- Unikani fungo: liyenera kukhala loyera, lokoma, la malt-uchi, popanda zonunkhira zofunda kapena zopsereza.
- Fufuzani zambiri za wopanga, chigawo (Fengqing), ndi tsiku lokolola.
- Mtengo wochepa kwambiri kwa tiyi wodziwika bwino uyenera kukudzutsani chidwi—pakhoza kusakanizidwa ndi zinthu zotsika mtengo zochokera m’madera ena.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

Feng Shaoqiu (冯绍裘, 1900–1987) anali mmodzi mwa akatswiri akuluakulu a tiyi a m’zaka za zana la 20. Pantchito yake yonse, iye anathandizira kwambiri pakupanga kapena kukonza tiyi wodziwika bwino wofiira wa ku China: Ning Hong (宁红) ku Jiangxi, Qi Hong (祁红) ku Anhui, Dian Hong (滇红) ku Yunnan, ndi Yi Hong (宜红) ku Hubei. Ana ake anali ndi mayina a “tiyi” ogwirizana ndi malo omwe bambo awo ankagwirako ntchito.
Mu 1957–1958, Dian Hong wochokera ku Fengqing anakweza mtengo wake kawiri motsatizana pa msika wa tiyi wa ku London. Mu 1958, gulu lapadera la tiyi linatumizidwa ku Beijing ndi lipoti la kupambana—chochitika chomwe chinapatsa dzina lakuti “Jingdian 58.”
Mu 2022, luso lopanga Dian Hong linawonjezedwa pa Mndandanda wa Cholowa Chosawoneka cha Anthu cha UNESCO—icho chinali chinthu choyamba cha Cholowa Chosawoneka cha Padziko Lonse kwa mzinda wonse wa Lincang.
Ma tips agolide mu Dian Hong wouma si masamba opaka utoto, koma ndi mphukira zofewa za tiyi zokuta ndi ubweya wochuluka. Pakufufumitsa, klorofili imasanduka pheophytin, ndipo ubweya umasanduka wagolide-lalanje. Kuchuluka kwa ma tips ndi chizindikiro cha Dian Hong wa khalidwe labwino.
Ndondomeko ya nthawi ya nkhondo: “matani imodzi ya Dian Hong—matani khumi a chitsulo.” Tiyi anapulumutsa dzikoli, kupereka ndalama zogulira zipangizo zankhondo zofunika kutsogolo. Pachifukwa ichi, Dian Hong anapeza mayina aulemu akuti “tiyi wopulumutsa” (救国茶, jiùguó chá) ndi “tiyi wokonda dziko” (爱国茶, àiguó chá).

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina Wofiira:

Dian Hong Jin Hao (滇红金毫, Diān Hóng Jīn Háo, “Golden Down”): Dian Hong wokhala ndi ma tips ambiri, opangidwa makamaka ndi mphukira zagolide. Kukoma ndi kofewa, kutsekemera kumawonekera kwambiri, thupi ndi lopepuka pang’ono. “Jingdian 1938” ndi wokhazikika bwino, wokhala ndi kuzama ndi kucholowana chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa masamba otambasuka.
Dian Hong Song Zhen (滇红松针, Diān Hóng Sōngzhēn, “Pine Needles”): Masamba amapotozedwa kukhala zing’onozing’ono, zazitali ngati masingano. Kukoma kumakhala kwa mchere komanso “koyera.” “Jingdian 1938” ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana owongoka, koma amasiyana ndi kukhuthala kokwanira kwa thupi ndi kununkhira kwambiri kwa malt.
Qi Hong Mao Feng (祁红毛峰, Qí Hóng Máo Fēng): Tiyi wofiira wa Qimen wochokera ku mtundu wa masamba aang’ono Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Maonekedwe osiyana kwambiri: fungo laling’ono, labwino kwambiri ndi zonunkhira ngati maluwa a orchid ndi utsi, thupi lopepuka, kutsekemera kosakwanira. “Jingdian 1938”—potsutsana—ndi wolemera, wokhuthala, wokoma ngati malt.
Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong (正山小种, Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng, Lapsang Souchong): Tiyi wofiira wa ku Fujian ndi fungo lodziwika bwino la utsi (kufukiza ndi nkhuni za paini). Maonekedwe osiyana kwambiri: “Jingdian 1938” alibe utsi ndipo amasiyana ndi kutsekemera koyera kwa zipatso ndi malt.
Jiu Ceng Shan Hong Cha (九层山红茶, Jiǔcéng Shān Hóngchá): Tiyi wofiira wa ku Taiwan. Wopepuka komanso wamaluwa, wokhala ndi chinyezi chowonekera cha kumtunda. “Jingdian 1938” ndi wokhuthala kwambiri komanso wolemera, wokhala ndi thupi ndi kuzama kokulirapo.

14. Zotsatira Zoyipa Zomwe Zingachitike:

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kafeini (3.5–4.1%), sikoyenera kumwa tiyi wamphamvu usiku kapena ngati muli ndi vuto la kukhudzidwa ndi kafeini.
Amayi oyembekezera ndi oyamwitsa ayenera kuchepetsa kumwa kapena kufunsa dokotala.
Pakuipiraipira kwa matenda a m’mimba (gastritis, zilonda), tiyi wamphamvu ukhoza kukwiyitsa m’mimba—ndibwino kumwa tiyi wofooka pambuyo pa chakudya.
Tiyi ungakhudze kuyamwa kwa mankhwala ena ndi mamineralo (makamaka iron)—ndibwino kusiyanitsa kumwa tiyi ndi mankhwala ndi nthawi yosachepera mphindi 30.
Kukhudzidwa kwina payekha kungatheke.

Pomaliza:

Yunnan Jingdian 1938 Hong Cha si tiyi wofiira wabwino chabe, koma ndi mbiri yamoyo ya imodzi mwa nkhani zochititsa chidwi kwambiri m’mbiri ya tiyi wa ku China. Wobadwa mu mdima wa nkhondo ndi nzeru za Feng Shaoqiu, tiyi uyu anakhala umboni wakuti mtundu wa masamba akulu a ku Yunnan umatha kupanga tiyi wofiira wapadziko lonse—kupeza komwe kunasintha maganizo a mafakitale a tiyi. Kukoma kwake kolemera, kokhathamira, ndi zonunkhira za malt, uchi, ndi chokoleti, madzi ake owonekera a rubi ndi kombero wagolide, ndi kakomedwe kofewa, kofunditsa pambuyo pake, akupitiriza kugonjetsa okonda padziko lonse. Tiyi uyu ndi wabwino kwa mwambo watsiku ndi tsiku, wopereka kutentha ndi mtendere, komanso kwa mphindi zapadera pamene munthu akufuna kukhudza mwambo waukulu wa luso la tiyi wa ku China.