Yǔnkēng Hóngchá · new.thetea.app

Yǔnkēng Hóngchá ndi tiyi wofiira amene amamera m’chigwa cha meteorite (m’mene chidali chotsimikizirika ku China komanso chimodzi mwa zigwa 13 padziko lonse lapansi kumene zidutswa za meteoriteyo zinapezeka). Zaka 700,000 zapitazo, asteroid yaying’ono ya m’mimba pafupifupi 380 mita inadzikhomeratu pachilumba cha Hainan, n’kupanga phompho la mphete la m’mimba 3.7 km ndi kudzaza dothi ndi mchere wopitilira 50 — ena mwaiwo ndi osowa kwambiri m’chilengedwe. M’chigwacho cha mlengalenga chotchedwa “chidebe” ndi momwe zitsamba za tiyi zimalimira, ndipo masamba ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga Yǔnkēng Hóngchá — tiyi wofiira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera a mchere komanso ziphaso zambiri za organic (China, EU, USA, Japan, International Alliance of Tropical Forests).

1. Klasifikasi ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wofiira waku China (红茶, hóngchá), wothira mafuta okwanira.
Gulu: Tiyi wofiira wa organic wochokera ku Hainan; malonda a mtundu wa “Yǔnkēng” (陨坑), omwe ali ndi kampani ya “Hainan Tianran Chaye” (海南天然茶叶有限公司, Hǎinán Tiānrán Cháyè). Ili m’gulu la zogulitsa za “Baishacha” (白沙茶, tiyi wochokera ku chigawo cha Baisha), pamodzi ndi tiyi wobiriwira ndi woyera.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Hainan (海南省, Hǎinán Shěng), Chigawo Chodziimira cha Baisha Li (白沙黎族自治县, Báishā Lízú Zìzhìxiàn), tawuni ya Yacha (牙叉镇, Yáchā Zhèn). Minda ya tiyi ili mkati mwenimweni ndi m’mbali mwa phompho la meteorite la Baisha (白沙陨石坑, Báishā Yǔnshí Kēng) — mpangidwe wa nkhonya ya mtunda wa 3.7 km, umene unapangidwa pafupifupi zaka 700,000 zapitazo. Ili ndilo phompho loyamba ndi lokhalo lotsimikizirika la meteorite mu PRC, komanso limodzi mwa malo osungidwa bwino kwambiri padziko lonse.
Zogwirizana za dera: pafupifupi 19°05′ N, 109°26′ E.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Phompho la meteorite la Baisha linapangidwa pafupifupi zaka 700,000 zapitazo chifukwa cha kugwa kwa asteroid. Mphamvu ya nkhonyayo, malinga ndi akatswiri, inali yogwirizana ndi mabomba 360 a atomiki a mtundu wa Hiroshima. Phompholo linadziwika mwasayansi mu 1992 ndi gulu la akatswiri a m’miyala a ku China; zidutswa za meteorite zinadziwika kukhala za mtundu wosowa — “meteorite wolemera ndi kalsiyamu wopanda mabulorodzhi” (富钙无球粒陨石). Ponseponse pa chilumba cha Hainan amapezeka miyala yakuda ngati galasi — “leigongmo” (雷公墨, “inki ya Mulungu Wamabingu”), yomwe ndi matekitete oponyedwa panthawi ya nkhonya. Kupanga tiyi m’dera la phompho kunayamba m’zaka za m’ma 1960, pomwe pansi pa pulogalamu ya boma yotukula ulimi wam’madera otentha pamenepo kunakhazikitsidwa munda (pambuyo pake — famu ya tiyi ya boma ya Baisha). Poyamba ankalima mitundu ikuluikulu ya masamba yochokera ku Hainan; kenako anabweretsanso mitundu yowonjezera kuchokera ku Yunnan, Guangdong, Fujian ndi Taiwan: Yunnanese large-leaf (云南大叶种), Fenghuang shuixian (凤凰水仙), Qilan (奇兰), Fuding Dabai (福鼎大白), Fuyun 6 (福云6号) ndi ina. Mu 1990, Baisha Lü Cha (白沙绿茶) — tiyi wobiriwira wochokera m’phompho — inadziwika ngati “chakudya chobiriwira” (绿色食品) ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi, ndipo mu 2004 inalandira udindo wa chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha dera (国家地理标志保护产品). Kampani ya “Hainan Tianran Chaye” (海南天然茶叶有限公司), yomwe inakhazikitsidwa mu 2016 ngati nthambi ya Hainanese Agricultural State Conglomerate (海南农垦), imagwira ntchito pa tiyi wa organic wochokera m’phompho ndipo imatulutsa zogulitsa pansi pa mtundu wa “Yǔnkēng” (陨坑). Yǔnkēng Hóngchá — mzere wofiira wa mtunduwu — unapeza nthaŵi yochepa kutchuka: mendulo ya golide ya “Zhong Cha Bei” (中茶杯) mu 2020, mendulo yapadera ya golide mu 2021–2022, siliva pa World Black Tea Competition 2019, siliva pa gawo la National Gift Tea 2020, ndi malingaliro a “nyenyezi 4” pa gawo la “Best Chinese Black Teas” 2024. Mpaka pano kampani yamanga minda yoposa 1,500 mu (pafupifupi mahekitala 100) ya organic m’kati mwa phompho, yokhala ndi makina obzala othirira okha, ndipo yakhazikitsa mkombero wathunthu wa kupanga: kuchokera kumunda kupyolera mu malo oyeretsedwa abwino kufika ku mzere wawo wonyamula. Zogulitsa — tiyi wobiriwira, wofiira ndi woyera wa organic — zimatumizidwa kunja ku misika yomwe ikugwirizana ndi miyezo ya EU, USA ndi Japan. Mu 2022, mtundu wa “Yǔnkēng” unalowa m’ndandanda wa “15 Best Agricultural Brands of Hainan”.
Dzina: 陨坑 (yǔnkēng) — “phompho la meteorite”; 红茶 (hóngchá) — “tiyi wofiira”. Dzinalo ndi losavuta: “tiyi wofiira wochokera m’phompho la meteorite”. Limeneli ndi mtundu komanso kufotokozera kwenikweni kwa terroir — tiyi amamera m’kati mwa nyumba ya nkhonya.
Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe: Yǔnkēng Hóngchá ndi imodzi mwa tiyi yapadera kwambiri ku China chifukwa cha malo ake obwerera. Imayimira lingaliro la “mphatso yochokera kumwamba” (天赐, tiāncì): chochitika cha mlengalenga zaka 700,000 zapitazo chinapanga dothi lomwe silikupezeka kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi — ndipo mu dothi lomweli ndi momwe tiyi amamera. Phompho la Baisha ndi chinthu chonyaditsa cha fuko la Li (黎族, lízú), anthu a mtundu wa pachilumba cha Hainan, omwe kwazaka zambiri akhala akulima tiyi pamipata ya chigwacho, kusunga mwambo wa “kulima tiyi m’phompho”. Baisha ili ndi maudindo aulemu a “Kwawo kwa Tiyi wa Koyamba yam’masika ku China” (中国早春茶之乡) ndi “Kwawo kwa Tiyi Wachilengedwe ku China” (中国生态茶叶之乡). Nyengo ya tiyi ku Baisha imayamba miyezi 1–3 m’mbuyo kuposa m’madera aakulu a kulima tiyi ku China — kale mu December–January.

3. Kufotokozera za Zomera ndi Zipangizo:

Mitundu / Cultivar: Minda ya “Yǔnkēng” imagwiritsa ntchito makamaka: Yunkang 10 hao (云抗10号, Yúnkàng 10 hào — mtundu waikulu wa masamba a Yunnan, wosagonjera kuzizira), Yinghong 9 hao (英红9号, Yīnghóng 9 hào — mtundu wa Guangdong, wokonzedwa kuti ukhale tiyi wofiira), Fuding Dabai (福鼎大白, Fúdǐng Dàbái), Qilan (奇兰, Qílán) ndi Shuixian (水仙, Shuǐxiān). Mitundu yonseyi ndi Camellia sinensis, kuphatikizapo mitundu ya masamba aakulu (var. assamica) ndi apakati. Minda imakonzedwa motengera chilengedwe chosiyanasiyana: zitsamba za tiyi zimatera pakati pa mitengo ya areca (槟榔), coconut, sinamoni, ndi mitengo ya khofi — ulimi wotere umapatsa mthunzi wachilengedwe komanso kukhazikika kwa zachilengedwe.
Kukolola: Chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha ya Hainan, tiyi amakololedwa chaka chonse. Zogulitsa zofunika kwambiri ndi “tiyi woyamba wa m’masika” (早春茶, zǎochūn chá), womwe umakololedwa kale mu December–January, pamene madera ena akulu a kulima tiyi ku China akadali mu tulo tozizira. Uwu ndi tiyi woyamba wa m’masika m’dzikolo — “华夏第一早春茶”.
Mulingo wa kukolola: Chibowo 1 + masamba 1–2 achichepere kwa tiyi wofiira wa udindo wapamwamba.
Zofunika pa zipangizo: Kutsatira kwambiri miyezo ya organic pa magawo onse — kuchokera kumunda kufika ku kapu. Minda imathiriridwa feteleza wokhwima wochokera ku Inner Mongolia komanso feteleza wa nsomba ndi nkhanu za m’madzi akuya. Dothi limakhala ndi zakudya za organic zokwana 4.76%, zomwe ndi zoposa muyeso wa International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) wa minda yapamwamba (≥ 3.5%).

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Kutalika kwa malo: 100–400 m (malo a phompho — mapiri otsetsereka mkati ndi pansi pa chigwacho). Ngakhale kuti pamalo oterewa siwotalika kwambiri, mikirimakurima ya m’phompho imapanga nyengo yofanana ndi ya madera a pamwamba.
Nyengo: Nyengo yamvula ya kotentha (tropical monsoon). Kutentha kwapachaka — 23.4 °C; mvula yapachaka — 1,500–2,000 mm. Phompho liri ndi mitambo ndi nkhungu nthawi zonse; mtsinje wa Nandu Jiang (南渡江, Nándù Jiāng) umazungulira kummwera kumadzulo ndi kum’mawa, kuwonjezera chinyezi. Zimadziwika ndi nyengo yozizira yophweka, nyengo yayitali yokula, ndi kuyamba koyamba kwa masika.
Dothi: Dothi lapadera la phompho lomwe linasinthidwa chifukwa cha nkhonya ya meteorite. Pa nthawi ya nkhonya, zinthu za mlengalenga zinasakanikirana ndi miyala ya m’derali ndi zigawo zakuya za dziko lapansi, n’kupanga dothi lolemera kwambiri ndi mchere. Malinga ndi kusanthula kwa X-ray, mu zidutswa za miyala ya nkhonya munkapezeka mchere 48 m’malo ang’onoang’ono ochepa; chiwerengero chonse cha mitundu ya mchere m’dera la tiyi — kuposa 50, kuphatikizapo mitundu yosowa. Mtundu waukulu wa dothi ndi dothi lofiira ndi lachikasu (红黄壤) lokhala ndi asidi (pH 4.5–5.5). Mchere wosakanizidwa umenewu wochokera mlengalenga, malinga ndi asayansi, ndiwo umayambitsa kukoma kwapadera ndi fungo la tiyi wam’phompho.
Zachilengedwe: Baisha ndi “mapapu a Hainan”: mitsinje itatu ikuluikulu imayambira kuno, ndipo nkhalango zimaphimba 84%. Phompho lazunguliridwa ndi zomera zakuphiri za kotentha. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamphamvu kwambiri mkati mwa phompho (yolimba kotero kuti imakopera mizere ya mawotchi ndi kusokoneza zida zamagetsi) — ndi nkhani ya zokambirana za asayansi. Anthu a m’derali amati zomera zomwe zili mkati mwa phompho zimakula mofulumira komanso mwachimake kuposa zakunja; mankhwala azitsamba amakhala ndi mphamvu zochuluka; ndipo nzimbe za mtundu umodzi zimakhala zotsekemera kwambiri. Minda ya “Yǔnkēng” yalandira ziphaso za organic kuchokera ku njira zisanu: China, EU (mayiko 27), USA, Japan, ndi International Alliance of Tropical Forests (Rainforest Alliance).

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Yǔnkēng Hóngchá amapangidwa ndi njira ya gongfu hong cha yokhala ndi zinthu zina zochokera ku miyambo ya Yinghong ya Guangdong ndi tiyi wofiira wa Fujian, yosinthidwa kuti igwirizane ndi zipangizo za ku Hainan zakotentha.

Kukolola (采摘 — cǎizhāi): Chibowo 1 + masamba 1–2, kukolola ndi manja.
Kunyowetsa (萎凋 — wěidiāo, kapena 摊青 — tānqīng): Masamba amayalidwa pa mashelefu m’malo oyera, olowererapo mphepo. Kwa tiyi wofiira, nthawi ya kunyowetsa ndi maola 12–16 (yochuluka kuposa tiyi wobiriwira, zomwe zimathandiza kuyambitsa mavitamini ndi kupangitsa fungo).
Kukulunga (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Kukulunga ndi makina, komwe kumaphwanya makoma a maselo ndi kupanga mpukutu wothina (条索紧细).
Oxidation (发酵 — fājiào): Kuwiritsa kolamuliridwa pa kutentha ndi chinyezi zoyenera. Zinthu zapadera za mchere za zipangizo zimakhudza mochuluka kayendedwe ka kuwiritsa, n’kupanga kukoma kwapadera kwa “phompho” — kokoma kwambiri komanso ndi kokoma kotsalira kwa mchere.
Kuyanika (烘干 — hōnggān): Kuyanika pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti matenda a mavitamini aimitsidwe ndi fungo likhale lokhazikika. Kuona ngati yakwana: “timwana ta tiyi timathyola ndi mkoma, ndipo tsamba limapindika kukhala ufa” (条一折就断，手捏成粉) — chiyeso chachikhalidwe cha katswiri.
Kusankha (分级 — fēnjí): Kugawa magawo ndi udindo; kulongedza m’malo oyeretsedwa a kupanga.

6. Makhalidwe a Kuyimva:

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Mpukutu ndi wothina, wadzaza (肥硕, féishuò — “wolimba, wonenepa”); tsamba ndi lakuda, lonyezimira ngati mafuta (色泽乌润油亮) ndi nsonga zagolide zoonekera pa mitundu yapamwamba.
Fungo la tsamba louma: Kotsekemera, kongwa cha uchi ndi maluwa, ndi maziko a zipatso otentha komanso kachidontho kakang’ono ka mchere. Kuyera kwa fungo ndi chizindikiro chapadera: kusapezeka kwa fungo lachilendo la “manja” kapena “lowotcha” — zotsatira za protocol yokhwima ya organic.
Fungo la kakumwa: Lowala, losanjikizana: fungo la uchi ndi maluwa ndi kamvekedwe ka zipatso; fungo limafotokozedwa ndi ndondomeko “香、醇、韵、滑、甜” (wonunkhira, woyera, wamakhalidwe, wosazikika, wotsekemera).
Kukoma: Kwathunthu komanso kotsekemera (甘甜, gāntián), ndi kapangidwe kamene kamamveka ngati varevete, kofewa komanso kowawitsa pang’ono. Kukoma kotsalira — kwautali, komwe kumakuta mkamwa, ndi “kubwerera kwa kutsekemera” kwa uchi (回甘). Kapadera — “kadontho ka mchere” kosazolowereka kumapeto: kuzizira pang’ono ndi kumva kwa “mwala”, zomwe akatswiri amazigwirizanitsa ndi mawonekedwe apadera a mchere m’dothi la phompho.
Mtundu wa kakumwa: Wofiira-amber mpaka wofiira kwambiri ngati rubi, wowala komanso woonekera bwino (汤色红亮).
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophika): Wofiira-mkuwa, wotanuka, ndi masamba athunthu otseguka bwino.

7. Mapangidwe a Maselo:

Polyphenols: Kuchuluka kwa polyphenols ya tiyi kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa; panthawi ya kuwiritsa, theaflavins ndi thearubigins amapangidwa, omwe amapangitsa mtundu wofiira wowala ndi “vareteti” ya kakumwa.
Amino acids: Kuchuluka; kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti tiyi wochokera m’phompho la Baisha amaposa ena m’madera ena pamlingo wa amino acids, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere m’dothi.
EGCG (epigallocatechin-3-gallate): Mu tiyi wobiriwira wa “Baisha” EGCG imakhala 0.86 mg/kg — kuwirikiza ka 1–2 kuposa ena a ku China. Mu tiyi wofiira, gawo lina la EGCG limasintha pa nthawi ya kuwiritsa, koma ziwerengero zotsalira zimakhalabe zazikulu.
Cyanidin-3-galactoside: Chigawo chapadera chomwe chinapezeka mu tiyi wam’phompho — anthocyanin yomwe imateteza mtima; m’tiyi zina za m’madera ena chigawochi sichinadziwike.
Alkaloids: Caffeine (3–5 % — yokwera pang’ono kuposa avareji ya tiyi wofiira, zomwe ndi zachilendo kwa mitundu ikuluikulu ya masamba a kotentha), theobromine, theophylline.
Mavitamini: Vitamin C (mulingo wokwezeka), mavitamini a gulu B.
Mchere: Zinc (wokwezeka), manganese, selenium, chitsulo, potaziyamu ndi ma trace elements ena otsimikiziridwa ndi mapangidwe apadera a dothi la nkhonya (mitundu yoposa 50 ya mchere).
Mafuta ofunikira: Amapanga fungo lodziwika bwino la uchi ndi maluwa lokhala ndi “kadontho ka mchere”.

8. Zopindulitsa za Umoyo:

Imapatsa mphamvu mofewa, imathandiza kulimbikitsa mphamvu ndi ntchito za ubongo (caffeine + L-theanine).
Imakhala ndi mphamvu yotsutsana ndi ma okosijeni (antioxidant): kuchuluka kwa polyphenols ndi EGCG kumathandiza kuthana ndi ma free radicals.
Muli ndi anthocyanin yapadera — cyanidin-3-galactoside, yomwe imateteza mtima ndipo sipezeka mu tiyi za m’madera ena.
Imatenthetsa ndi kuthandiza chigayo; tiyi wofiira amagwira ntchito mofewa pamapakethe a m’mimba.
Kuchuluka kwa zinc kumathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi ndi umoyo wakubala.
Imakhala ndi mphamvu yochepetsera kuchuluka kwa madzi m’thupi (diuretic) mofewa; imathandizira kutulutsa poizoni.
Imathandiza kubwerera ku mphamvu pambuyo pa kugwira ntchito kwambiri m’maganizo ndi m’thupi.
Fungo la uchi ndi L-theanine zimathandiza kupumula ndi kuchepetsa nkhawa.

9. Kuwira:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 90–95 °C; kwa magulu a nsonga zofewa — 85–90 °C.
Mulingo wa tiyi: 4–5 g pa 100–120 ml (gongfu); 2–3 g pa 200–250 ml (kuwira kwachilendo).
Ziwiya: Gaiwan ya porcelain yoyera 100–120 ml; teapot ya porcelain kapena galasi.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsani ziwiya.
2. Thirani tiyi, tsekani chivindikiro kwa masekondi 3–5 — pumirani fungo la uchi ndi mchere.
3. Kutsuka: kuthira mwachangu kwa masekondi 1–2, kutsanulira (ngati mukufuna).
4. Kupaka koyamba: masekondi 5–8.
5. Kupaka kotsatira: + masekondi 3–5.
6. Chiwerengero cha kupaka: 6–8. Onani kusintha: kuchokera ku fungo lamaluwa lowala kupita ku kuya kwa uchi ndi kukoma kotsalira kwa mchere. Mukawira m’njira ya ku Ulaya — 3 g pa 300 ml, mphindi 3–4; masamba a kotentha amatseguka bwino ngakhale atawiridwa kwanthawi yayitali popanda kuwawitsa kwambiri. Kakumwa koziziritsa ka Yǔnkēng Hóngchá nako ndi kofunika: pambuyo pozizira, kuwawa ndi kukhwirika kumatha, ndipo kutsekemera kumamveka bwino — “ngati kasupe wamapiri”, malinga ndi mafotokozedwe a akatswiri a m’deralo.

10. Kusunga:

Chotengera chokhazikika chosawala (chitsulo kapena ceramic), pamalo ozizira owuma pa 10–25 °C. Kutali ndi kuwala ndi fungo lachilendo. Ku Hainan, kumene nyengo ndi yotentha ndi yachinyezi, ndikofunika kupewa kusunga pamalo otseguka opanda chowongolera nyengo; malo abwino — mu kabati yowongolera chinyezi. Nthawi yabwino — miyezi 12–18 pagawo la masika; mpaka miyezi 24 pagawo lolimba. Kusunga mufiriji sikofunika, koma nkothekera m’madera a kotentha — pokhapokha ngati zili m’chotengera chokhazikika, chotsimikizira kuti madzi sangakhazikike.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Yǔnkēng Hóngchá ili m’gulu la mitengo yapakati-kupamwamba mwa tiyi zofiira za ku Hainan. Mtengo umadalira udindo, nyengo (wa masika oyambirira — okwera mtengo), udindo wa organic (ziphaso zisanu zimakweza mtengo) ndi kukhalapo kwa mphoto. Zogulitsa zimagulitsidwa kupyolera mu njira za kampani ya “Hainan Tianran Chaye”, mapulatifomu a pa intaneti ndi malo ogulitsa ku Hainan.

Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
1. Gulani zinthu zokhala ndi chizindikiro “陨坑” (mtundu wa “Yǔnkēng”) ndi zithunzi za ziphaso za organic (China, EU, USA, Japan, Rainforest Alliance).
2. Maonekedwe: mpukutu wothina “wonenepa”, wakuda wonyezimira ngati mafuta, nsonga zagolide.
3. Fungo — loyera, la uchi ndi maluwa, lopanda fungo la mankhwala.
4. Kakumwa — koyera, kofiira-amber; kakumwa kotuwira kapena koblanga ndi chizindikiro cha chinyengo.
5. Mtengo wotsika mokayikitsa wa tiyi wa organic wokhala ndi ziphaso zisanu — chifukwa chokayikira.

12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:

Phompho la Baisha ndi lomwe latsimikiziridwa lokhalo la meteorite ku China ndipo limodzi mwa maphompho 13 padziko lonse kumene zidutswa za meteorite zinapezeka. Ndilokulirapo kuposa phompho lodziwika la Arizona ndipo lasungidwa bwino.
Mphamvu ya maginito mkati mwa phompho ndi yamphamvu kwambiri moti imakopera mizere ya mawotchi ndi kusokoneza zida zamagetsi. Chifukwa cha ichi sichinadziwike bwino — n’kotheka kuti chinagwirizana ndi kusintha kwapadziko lonse kwa maginito a dziko lapansi pafupifupi zaka 700,000 zapitazo (nthawi ya nkhonya).
Ponseponse pa Hainan amapezeka matekitete — miyala yakuda ngati galasi yomwe anthu am’derali amayitcha “leigongmo” (雷公墨, “inki ya Mulungu Wamabingu”). Iyi ndi miyala yosungunuka yomwe inaponyedwa panthawi ya nkhonya n’kumwazikana pachilumba chonse. Zinsinsi za sayansi za “Mulungu Wamabingu” ndi mutu wa kafukufuku wamphamvu wa za geology.
Kuchuluka kwa zakudya za organic m’dothi la minda ya “Yǔnkēng” ndi 4.76%: ili ndi imodzi mwaziwerengero zapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa minda ya tiyi padziko lonse, kuwirikiza kwambiri muyeso wa IFOAM wa minda yapamwamba ya tiyi (≥ 3.5%).
Yǔnkēng Hóngchá ndi imodzi mwa tiyi zofiira zochepa zomwe zinalandira nthawi imodzi ziphaso zisanu za organic: ya ku China, ya ku Ulaya, ya ku America, ya ku Japan, ndi ya Rainforest Alliance. Izi zimalola kutumiza tiyi ku dziko lililonse popanda kufufuzidwanso.
Anthu am’deralo a fuko la Li amaona chodabwitsa: zonse zomwe zimamera mkati mwa phompho — kuyambira tiyi mpaka mankhwala azitsamba ndi zipatso — zimakhala ndi kukoma koonekeratu komanso zopindulitsa zochuluka poyerekeza ndi zomera zomw ezi kunja kwa mpanda wa mphete. Kufotokozera kwasayansi kumeneku kulibe, koma maganizo amagwirizanitsa zotsatirazi ndi mawonekedwe achilendo a mchere m’dothi ndi mphamvu ya maginito yowonjezereka.
Nyengo ya tiyi ku Baisha imayamba mu December — miyezi 1–3 m’mbuyo kuposa ku China yaikulu. Izi zimapangitsa Yǔnkēng Hóngchá kukhala wokondedwa pa udindo wa “tiyi wofiira woyamba kwambiri ku China” ndipo amalola kubweretsa zogulitsa pa msika pamene madera ena a tiyi akugona.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina Wofiira:

Baisha Lü Cha (白沙绿茶, Báishā Lǜchá): “Mnzanga” wobiriwira wochokera m’phompho lomwelo — tiyi wobiriwira wotchuka wa ku Hainan wokhala ndi GI (2004). Tiyi zonsezi zimagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomwezo kuchokera m’dothi la “mlengalenga”, koma wobiriwira — ndi wa krisipi, wa chestnut, watsopano wa mchere, pomwe wofiira — ndi wotentha, wa uchi, wa varevete. Baisha Lü Cha ndi wodziwika kuyambira zaka za m’ma 1960 ndipo ndi “mchimwene wamkulu”; mzere wofiira wa “Yǔnkēng” ndi “mng’ono” wachinyamata, koma wodziwika mofulumira.
Wuzhishan Hong Cha (五指山红茶, Wǔzhǐshān Hóngchá): Tiyi wofiira wochokera ku phiri la Wuzhishan ku Hainan, wopangidwa kuchokera ku mtundu waukulu wa masamba a Hainan. Amakhala ndi “mphamvu ya kotentha” — wodzaza, wokhwirika, wowala, wofanana ndi tiyi wa ku Ceylon wa m’mapiri. Yǔnkēng Hóngchá ndi wofewa komanso wa makhalidwe apamwamba: dothi la “phompho” ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere kumachepetsa kukhwirika kwa kotentha ndi kupereka kutsekemera kwapadera.
Ying Hong 9 Hao (英红9号, Yīnghóng 9 Hào): Tiyi wofiira wotchuka wa Guangdong wochokera ku Yingde. Limodzi mwa mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m’minda ya “Yǔnkēng”. Ying Hong 9 — ndi chitsanzo cha kalembedwe ka Guangdong: kunyezimira kwa “mafuta”, thupi lolimba, fungo la uchi ndi tsabola. Yǔnkēng, pogwiritsa mtundu womwewo koma m’terroir ya phompho, imawonetsa mchere wowonekeratu komanso kumaliza “kozizira”.
Dian Hong (滇红, Diān Hóng): Tiyi wofiira wa Yunnan wochokera ku mitundu ya masamba aakulu (ina mwaiyo ndi Yunkang 10 hao yemwe amamera m’minda ya “Yǔnkēng”). Dian Hong — ndi “wamoto” ndi wadzuwa; Yǔnkēng — ndi “wa mlengalenga”: mitundu yomweyi koma m’dothi lapadera la chiyambi cha meteorite, limene limawonjezera zovuta zina za mchere.

Pomaliza:

Yǔnkēng Hóngchá — ndi tiyi momwe zasakanikirana sayansi ya mlengalenga ndi ulimi wa kotentha, nkhonya yakale ya asteroid ndi miyezo yamakono ya organic. Kutsekemera kwake kwa uchi, kamvekedwe ka varevete, ndi “kadontho ka mchere” kobisika mu kukoma kotsalira — ndi kukoma kwenikweni kwa dziko lina, losungunuka mu kapu ya tiyi. Kwa okonda malo apadera a terroir, Yǔnkēng Hóngchá ndi mwayi weniweni: palibe tiyi wina wofiira padziko lonse lapansi amene amamera m’dothi lolemera ndi mchere woposa 50 wochokera mlengalenga. Ndipo kwa okonda tiyi woyera ndi wotetezeka, ziphaso zisanu za organic ndi chitsimikizo chomwe chimamveka m’chinenero chilichonse. Ngati mungathe kupezeka ku Hainan m’nyengo yozizira — musalephere mwayi wopita nokha ku phompho: kukwera ku phiri la Ejianling (峨剑岭), kuyang’ana pa “mbale” yobiriwira ya minda ya tiyi, kupuma mpweya wotsekemera pang’ono ndi fungo la tiyi, — ndikumvetsetsa kuti zaka 700,000 zapitazo, mlendo wakumwamba sanagwere pano pachabe.