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Yuèxiāng Lóngjǐng
Yuèxiāng lóng jǐng · 越乡龙井
Yuèxiāng Lóngjǐng ndi chiphaso chachikulu kwambiri cha tiyi wa Lóngjǐng ku China, chomwe chimapanga pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a Lóngjǐng wonse wopangidwa m’dzikolo. Amapangidwa mu mzinda wa Shèngzhōu (嵊州市) m’chigawo cha Zhèjiāng — kwawo kwa sewero la Chitchaina la yuèjù (越剧), ndipo dzina la chiphasocho…
Yuèxiāng Lóngjǐng ndi chiphaso chachikulu kwambiri cha tiyi wa Lóngjǐng ku China, chomwe chimapanga pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a Lóngjǐng wonse wopangidwa m’dzikolo. Amapangidwa mu mzinda wa Shèngzhōu (嵊州市) m’chigawo cha Zhèjiāng — kwawo kwa sewero la Chitchaina la yuèjù (越剧), ndipo dzina la chiphasocho likuwonetsa zimenezi. Shèngzhōu ndi dera lakale la tiyi lomwe lili ndi mbiri yopitilira zaka 2,000 yolima tiyi; kumeneko mapiri asanu ndi awiri, mtsinje umodzi, ndi minda iwiri (七山一水两分田) amapanga malo abwino opangira tiyi wobiriwira wamapiri.
1. Gulu ndi Komwe Amachokera:
- Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá) — wosapangidwa kupsya. Mwaukadaulo, ndi wa mtundu wa chǎoqīng (炒青, chǎoqīng) — tiyi wokhazikika ndi kuumitsidwa pokazinga mu mphika. Kachitidwe kawo ndi kophwaphwathwa (扁形, biǎn xíng) monga kalembedwe ka Lóngjǐng.
- Gulu: Mitundu ya tiyi wobiriwira waku China wa mtundu wa Lóngjǐng wachigawo (越州龙井, Yuèzhōu Lóngjǐng). Chipangizo chokhala ndi chisonyezero cha malo (国家农产品地理标志产品, 2018).
- Komwe amachokera: China, chigawo cha Zhèjiāng (浙江省, Zhèjiāng shěng), mzinda wa Shàoxīng (绍兴市, Shàoxīng shì), mzinda wang’ono wa Shèngzhōu (嵊州市, Shèngzhōu shì). Derali lili m’dera la dziko lotetezedwa la dzina la malo la “Lóngjǐng” (国家龙井茶原产地域保护区).
- Malo ake: 29°19′–29°49′ kumpoto, 120°27′–121°06′ kum’mawa.
2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo Lachikhalidwe:
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Mbiri: Kulima tiyi ku Shèngzhōu (dzina lakale — Shàn, 剡, Shàn) kumayambira nthawi ya mafumu a Hàn (汉) ndi Jìn (晋). Kale mu nthawi ya Táng (唐, Táng), tiyi wa Shàn adadziwika bwino — “liwu la tiyi wa Shàn linamveka kwambiri mu nthawi ya Táng” (剡茶声,唐已著). “Oyera mtima wa tiyi” wamkulu Lù Yǔ (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) adayendera magombe a mtsinje wa Shànxī (剡溪, Shàn xī), ndipo monk wa ndakatulo wa Chibuda Jiǎorán (皎然, Jiǎorán) adayamika tiyi wakumaloko mu ndakatulo yake yotchuka “Nyimbo ya Kumwa Tiyi” (《饮茶歌》): “Anthu a ku Yuè andipatsa tiyi wa kumtsinje wa Shàn, masamba agolidi osonkhanitsidwa akuphikidwa mu mphika wagolidi…” (越人遗我剡溪茗,采得金芽爨金鼎…), kugwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yoyamba m’mbiri lingaliro la “njira ya tiyi” (茶道, chádào). Mu nthawi ya Sòng (宋, Sòng), tiyi wa Shèngzhōu adakhala mphatso ya mfumu (贡品, gòngpǐn), ndipo mu mzindawo adakhazikitsa “Ofesi ya Nkhani za Tiyi” (茶事官置司). Mu nthawi za Yuán (元), Míng (明) ndi Qīng (清), kutumiza kwa nyumba yachifumu kudapitilira. Kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Qīng, tiyi wa “Qiángǎng Huībái” (前冈辉白, Qiángǎng Huībái) wa ku Shèngzhōu adalowa m’gulu la “Matiyi Khumi Otchuka a China.” “Bambo wa tiyi” wamasiku ano Wú Juénóng (吴觉农, Wú Juénóng) adakhazikitsa mu mudzi wa Sānjiè (三界) wa ku Shèngzhōu siteshoni ya ku Zhejiang yosintha mitundu ya tiyi. Mu 1984, mtundu wapadera wa tiyi wa ngale wa “Tiāntán” (天坛牌珠茶) wa ku Shèngzhōu udapeza mendulo ya golide yapadziko lonse. Mu 1998, potengera chikhalidwe cha “kwawo kwa sewero la yuèjù,” boma lamzinda linalembetsa chizindikiro cha malonda cha “Yuèxiāng Lóngjǐng.” Mu 2010, tiyiyo adawonetsedwa pa Shanghai World Expo. Mu 2017 adalandira udindo wa “Tiyi Wotchuka Padziko Lonse” (世界名茶). Mu 2018, adakhala chipangizo chokhala ndi chisonyezero cha malo. Mu 2024, mtengo wa chiphaso unafika pa 41.31 biliyoni ya yuan, ndipo tiyiyo adalowetsedwa mu “Katalogu ya Zinthu Zapadera Zatsopano zaulimi za China.”
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Dzina: “Yuèxiāng” (越乡) — “dziko/dera la Yuè” — limatanthauzira ufumu wakale wa Yuè (越国), womwe unali m’dera lamakono la Zhèjiāng, komanso yuèjù (越剧) — chimodzi mwa miyambo isanu ikuluikulu ya sewero ku China, chomwe chinayambira ndendende ku Shèngzhōu. “Lóng Jǐng” (龙井) — “Chitsime cha Chinjoka” — ndi dzina lakale la matiyi ophwaphwathwa, opangidwa motsatira luso la Lóngjǐng m’madera otetezedwa a Zhèjiāng.
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Tanthauzo lachikhalidwe: Chiphaso cha “Yuèxiāng Lóngjǐng” chimayimira kuphatikiza kwa chuma chachikulu cha chikhalidwe cha Shèngzhōu — tiyi ndi sewero — monga mmene kwasonyezedwera mu chiganizo “Sangalalani ndi sewero la yuèjù lazaka zana, imwani Yuèxiāng Lóngjǐng” (赏百年越剧,品越乡龙井). Shèngzhōu ali ndi maudindo oti “Kwawo kwa Tiyi ku China” (中国茶叶之乡), “Kwawo kwa Matiyi Otchuka” (中国名茶之乡) ndi “Kwawo kwa Chikhalidwe cha Tiyi” (中国茶文化之乡). Mu 2016, Unduna wa Zaulimi wa China udalowetsa kachitidwe ka chikhalidwe cha tiyi ku Shèngzhōu mndandanda wa machitidwe 408 a zaulimi ndi chikhalidwe omwe ali ndi phindu lotetezedwa.
3. Kufotokozera Kwachomera ndi Zipangizo:
- Mitundu / Cultivar: Mitundu yayikulu ndi Lóngjǐng 43 (龙井43, Lóngjǐng 43): kachilomboka kamsanga, kamadziwika ndi kutuluka kwa masamba kumodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa maamino acid; Wūniú Zǎo (乌牛早, Wūniú Zǎo): mtundu wamsanga kwambiri wokhala ndi kulimba bwino kwa chisanu; Jiūkēng qúntǐ zhǒng (鸠坑群体种, Jiūkēng qúntǐ zhǒng): mtundu wa chikhalidwe cha anthu, womwe umapereka kakomedwe kolemera kwambiri. Mitundu yonse ndi ya Camellia sinensis var. sinensis — mtundu wa masamba ang’onoang’ono.
- Kusonkha: Kusonkha kwa masika ndiko kwakukulu. Míngqián (明前) — isanafike Qīngmíng (≈ 5 April): masamba amodzi kapena masamba amodzi ndi tsamba limodzi loyamba kutuluka; yǔqián (雨前) — isanafike Gǔyǔ (≈ 20 April): masamba ndi masamba amodzi kapena awiri, pafupifupi 70% ya kuchuluka konse.
- Mulingo wosonkha: Gulu lapadera — masamba amodzi (≥ 90%); gulu loyamba — masamba ndi tsamba limodzi (≥ 80%); gulu lachiwiri — makamaka masamba ndi masamba awiri. Kusonkha ndi manja kwa magulu apamwamba; kusonkha ndi makina kwa kupanga kochuluka kwa yǔqián.
- Zofunikira pa zipangizo: M’kusonkha kwa masika mmapiri mkati mwa dera la phata, maamino acid amafika 7.2%, chimene ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba kwambiri kwa matiyi a Lóngjǐng ndipo chimafotokozera kusasa kowoneka bwino ndi kutsekemera kwa madzi.
4. Malo ndi Zowonjezera za Kulima:
- Mawonekedwe a malo: Shèngzhōu wazunguliridwa ndi mapiri anayi okhala ndi chigwa chapakati — malo odziwika bwino a “mapiri asanu ndi awiri, madzi amodzi, minda iwiri” (七山一水两分田). Minda ya tiyi yakhazikika pa mathithithi (丘陵, qiūlíng) a kutalika kwa 300–800 m.
- Kutalika kwa kulima: 300–800 m; phata la dera la phata (核心产区) — mapiri a Shídàshān (嶀大山) ndi Xībáishān (西白山) — 500–800 m, kumene dera la mitambo ya m’mwamba limatenga 65% ya gawo.
- Dothi: Dothi lofiira (红壤) ndi lachikasu (黄壤) ndilo lamba. Asidi: pH 4.5–6.5. Zinthu zambiri za organic. Nkhalango ndi 67%.
- Nyengo: Yochokera ku malo otentha ndi mphepo ya monsoon. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka 17–18 °C. Mvula yapachaka 1200–1800 mm. Mitambo yambiri ndi chifungo. Kusintha kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku > 10 °C — ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimachedwetsa kukula kwa mphukira ndikuthandizira kudzikundikira kwa maamino acid.
- Mitsinje ndi chilengedwe: Dongosolo lamtsinje wa Shànxī (剡溪) lokhala ndi madzi oyera okhala ndi mchere limadyetsa minda ya tiyi. Shànxī ndi umodzi mwa mitsinje yotamandidwa kwambiri m’ndakatulo za Chitchaina, ndipo mayina a Lǐ Bái (李白), Dù Fǔ (杜甫), Lù Yǔ ndi olemba ena amagwirizanitsidwa nawo. Minda ya tiyi imakhala moyandikana ndi nkhalango za nsungwi ndi za torreya (香榧, xiāng fěi) — mtengo wakale wamoyo wautali — ndikupanga chitsanzo chabwino cha “mathanthwe a dzuwa, nkhalango ya mthunzi” (阳崖阴林, yáng yá yīn lín). Dera lonse la minda ya tiyi ndi pafupifupi 210,000 mǔ (≈ 14,000 ha), zomwe zimapangitsa Shèngzhōu kukhala umodzi mwa maboma akuluakulu a tiyi ku China malinga ndi malo olimapo.
5. Luso la Kupanga:
Yuèxiāng Lóngjǐng amapangidwa motsatira luso lachikale la Lóngjǐng la kukazinga ndi manja mu mphika. Njira yachikhalidwe imaphatikizapo “njira khumi zamanja” (十大手法, shí dà shǒufǎ): dǒu (抖, kugwedeza), dā (搭, kuyika), nà (捺, kukanikiza), tuò (拓, kusisita), shuǎi (甩, kugwedeza) ndi zina. Kwa magulu apamwamba, kukazinga ndi manja kokha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito; kukazinga ndi makina nkosaloledwa.
- Kusonkha (采摘, cǎi zhāi): Kusonkha ndi manja motsatira mulingo wa gulu.
- Kuyanika pang’ono / kuyala (摊放, tān fàng): Masamba atsopano amayalidwa mosanjikiza kwa ≤ 8 maola kuti atayirire pang’ono ndi kutsegula fungo.
- Kukazinga koyamba — qīng guō (青锅, qīng guō): Kutentha kwa mphika pafupifupi 200 °C, kukazinga ndi manja kwa mphindi 15. Cholinga ndi kulepheretsa ma enzyme (shāqīng) ndi kuyambitsa kupangitsa msamba wa tiyi kukhala wophwaphwathwa. Pa siteji iyi, “njira khumi zamanja” zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama.
- Kubwezeretsa chinyezi — huí cháo (回潮, huí cháo): Msamba wa tiyi umapumula kwa pafupifupi ola limodzi, kugawanso chinyezi chotsalira kuchokera pa tsinde kupita pamwamba pa msamba — siteji yofunika kwambiri kuti kuyanika kotsatira kukhale kofanana.
- Kukazinga komaliza — huī guō (辉锅, huī guō): Kupangitsa ndi kuumitsa komaliza ndi manja kwa mphindi 25. Pa siteji iyi, njira ya “xiáshān huǒ rù” (狭山火入) imagwiritsidwa ntchito — kuumitsa komaliza mwamphamvu komwe “kumayambitsa” fungo lodziwika bwino la mabokosi (栗香, lì xiāng).
- Kusefa ndi kusanja (筛分整理, shāi fēn zhěnglǐ): Kuchotsa fumbi, tinyenanyena ta tiyi, ndi kugawira tiyi wokhala wamagulu ofanana.
Zowonjezera: Kuphatikiza pa tiyi wophwaphwathwa wa Lóngjǐng, Shèngzhōu amapanganso tiyi wa ngale — zhūchá (珠茶, zhūchá) — masamba opotoka ngati mipira oti atumizidwe kunja. Kuchuluka kwa zhūchá kutumizidwa kunja pachaka kumaposa matani 60,000, pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a tiyi wonse wa ngale wotumizidwa kunja ku China.
6. Makhalidwe Ogwirizana ndi Ziwalo Zamthupi:
- Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Ophwaphwathwa, osalala (扁平光滑), okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana bwino. Mtundu ndi wobiriwira wa emerald wokhala ndi kachikasu pang’ono (翠绿嫩黄). Pa magulu apamwamba, timvumbi tating’ono tamene timaoneka (显毫).
- Fungo la masamba owuma: Fungo lamphamvu la mabokosi (栗香, lì xiāng) — chizindikiro cha Yuèxiāng Lóngjǐng. Kwa tiyi wa gulu la míngqián, pali kanunkhira kakang’ono ka “mkaka” (嫩香). Tiyi wa yǔqián amasonyeza fungo lofulumira, loyera la “qīngxiāng” (清香).
- Fungo la madzi ophira: Lokhalitsa ndi lozama (馥郁持久), ndi fungo lalikulu la mabokosi, lowonjezeredwa ndi mafunso a nyemba zokazinga ndi kanunkhira kakang’ono kamaluwa.
- Kakomedwe: Kolemera ndi kolimba (醇厚, chúnhòu) — kowoneka “kwathupi” kuposa ma Lóngjǐng ambiri, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa maamino acid (mpaka 7.2% m’phata la dera la phata). Kusasa (鲜爽) kumaphatikizana ndi kutsekemera kokhalitsa kwa pambuyo pake (回甘). Kuwawa nkochepa kwambiri. Amalimbana bwino ndi kutsanuliridwa mobwerezabwereza (耐泡).
- Mtundu wa madzi ophira: Wobiriwira wosachedwa, woyera ndi wowala bwino (嫩绿清澈明亮).
- Pansi pa chikho (msamba wotsanulidwa): Wosachedwa, wofanana, wobiriwira wowala bwino, masamba amatseguka kukhala maluwa athunthu (嫩绿匀亮成朵).
7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:
- Polyphenols (茶多酚): ≥ 18% (kwa gulu lapadera). Zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi ma catechin (EGCG, EC, ECg), zomwe zimapangitsa kuphwimika pang’ono ndi mphamvu ya antioxidant.
- Amino acids (氨基酸): Kuchuluka kwapadera — mpaka 7.2% mu zoyesa za m’mwamba kuchokera phata la dera la phata (mulingo wamba wa ma Lóngjǐng ndi 3–4%). L-theanine ndi amino acid yayikulu, yopereka kusasa, kutsekemera komanso chisonkhezero cha “kupatsa mphamvu mwamtendere” ndi caffeine.
- Ma alkaloid: Caffeine — pafupifupi 3.5–4.5% (mulingo wamba wa mitundu ya masamba ang’onoang’ono ya ku Zhejiang). Theobromine, theophylline — pang’ono chabe. Caffeine pamodzi ndi L-theanine amakulitsa kumva kwa kusasa (鲜爽感).
- Zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi: Mulingo wapamwamba, wotsatira muyezo wa GB/T 14456.3—2016 wa matiyi obiriwira a masamba ang’onoang’ono, zomwe zimatsimikizira kulimba ndi kuzama kwa madzi ochapira.
- Mavitamini: Vitamini C (mpaka 0.5% m’magulu apamwamba), vitamini A, vitamini a gulu B (B₁, B₂, niacin), folic acid.
- Mchere: Potaziyamu, kashiamu, magniziyamu, manganese, zinki, fluorini — mbiri yomwe imagwirizana ndi minda ya tiyi pa dothi la asidi lofiira ndi lachikasu.
- Mafuta ofunikira ndi mankhwala onunkhira: Methylpyrazines, omwe amapangidwa pa nthawi ya kukazinga (siteji ya huī guō), ndiwo amene amanyamula fungo la mabokosi. Linalool ndi geraniol amapereka kanunkhira kakang’ono kamaluwa ndi zipatso.
Chodziwika bwino: Chiyerekezo cha ma polyphenols ndi maamino acid mu zoyesa za m’mwamba ndi chotsika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kusasa ndi kutsekemera kuonekera kwambiri kuposa kuwawa ndi kuphwimika — chizindikiro cha Yuèxiāng Lóngjǐng.
8. Ubwino Wathanzi:
- Kusagwira ntchito ya antioxidant: Ma polyphenols (≥ 18%) amalepheretsa mwamphamvu ma free radicals, kuchedwetsa njira za kupsinjika kwa okosijeni.
- Kulimbikitsa ndi kuthandiza ubongo: Caffeine yogwirira ntchito limodzi ndi L-theanine imakweza ntchito ya mafunde a ubongo, kuchotsa kutopa, ndi kukulitsa kukhazikika kopanda nkhawa.
- Kuthandizira kagayidwe ka mafuta: Ma catechin amafulumizitsa kagayidwe ka mafuta ndipo amathandiza kuti mbiri ya cholesterol ikhale yabwino.
- Kuthandiza chigayo: Amalimbikitsa kutulutsa madzi am’mimba ndi ma enzyme, ndikuchepetsa kugayidwa kwa zakudya zamafuta.
- Kuteteza maso: Kuchuluka kwa vitamini A kumathandiza kupewa kuwuma kwa maso ndi kuthandiza kuona kwa mdima.
- Dongosolo la mtima ndi mitsempha: Ma flavonoid ndi ma catechin amalimbitsa makoma a mitsempha, n’kuthandizira kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi kukhale koyenera.
- Kupha tizilombo: Ma polyphenols amalepheretsa kukula kwa tizilombo toopsa m’kamwa, n’kumathandiza kupewa kuola kwa mano.
- Kulimbitsa thupi lonse: Mgwirizano wa mavitamini ndi mchere umathandizira chitetezo cha m’thupi ndi mphamvu zonse.
9. Kutsanulira:
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Kutentha kwa madzi: 85 °C. Kutentha koposa 90 °C kumawononga L-theanine ndi kuyambitsa kuwawa kochulukirapo. Madzi abwino ndi ofewa, okhala ndi mchere wochepa; mwachikhalidwe, madzi a mitsinje ya Shànxī (剡溪泉水) amalemekezedwa.
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Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml (chiyerekezo cha 1:50).
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Zombo: Kapu yagalasi (玻璃杯) kuti musangalale ndi maonekedwe a masamba ophwaphwathwa akutseguka; mbale yachikhalidwe ya ceramic ya seladoni ya Yuèyáo (越窑青瓷盏, Yuèyáo qīngcí zhǎn) — chosankho choyenera mwambiri, kugogomeza chikhalidwe chakumaloko.
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Ndondomeko (kapu yagalasi, njira ya “kutsanulira pamwamba” — shàngtóufǎ, 上投法):
- Tenthetsani kapu ndi madzi otentha, tsanuliraini.
- Tsanulirani madzi (85 °C) mpaka 7/10 ya kuchuluka kwake.
- Ikani 3 g a tiyi pang’onopang’ono.
- Onani masamba akutseguka — tiyi wophwaphwathwa amatseguka pang’onopang’ono, n’kupita pansi.
- Lekerani kwa masekondi 30.
- Gwiritsani ntchito luso la “fènghuáng sān diǎn tóu” (凤凰三点头, “kuwerama katatu kwa phoenix”): weramitsani ndi kukweza kapu katatu mukatsanulira — izi zimapatsa okosijeni madzi ndi kukulitsa fungo.
- Onjezerani mpaka nthawi 3–4.
- Ndondomeko (gàiwǎn kapena kapu ya tiyi):
- Tenthetsani chombo.
- Ikani 5 g a tiyi.
- Sakanizani (masekondi 5) — tsanuliraini.
- Kutsanulira koyamba: masekondi 30.
- Kutsanulira kotsatira: onjezerani masekondi 10. Tiyi wa gulu lapadera amatha kutsanulira 4–5.
10. Kusunga:
- Kutentha: Firiji pa 0–5 °C; kuti mumwe posachedwa, mukhoza kusunga pamalo ozizira, amdima pa kutentha kosaposa 15 °C.
- Zotengera: Matumba otsekedwa bwino a vacuum a zojambulazo. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitsuko yachitsulo kapena ya ceramic yokhala ndi zivindikiro zolimba.
- Adani a tiyi: Kuwala, chinyezi, kutentha kwakukulu, fungo lachilendo, okosijeni.
- Nthawi yabwino yatsopano: Miyezi 6–12. Tiyi watsopano amalimbikitsidwa kuti azisungidwa mu firiji kwa masabata awiri kuti “achotse moto” (褪火) — pambuyo pake kakomedwe kamakhala kofewa ndi onunkhira bwino. Mukatsegula, mumwe m’masiku 7–10.
11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:
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Gulu lamtengo: Yuèxiāng Lóngjǐng amadziwika ngati “Lóngjǐng wokhala ndi chiyerekezo chabwino cha mtengo / mtengo” (性价比最高的龙井茶). Gulu lapadera (míngqián, lopangidwa ndi manja) — kuyambira 550 yuan / jīn. Tiyi wa yǔqián wa gulu loyamba — 150–350 yuan / jīn. Gulu lachiwiri — 80–150 yuan / jīn. Tiyi wochuluka wa yǔqián Lóngjǐng ndi wotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa Xīhú Lóngjǐng wapamwamba, kwinaku akukhala ndi kusasa kofanana ndi kuyera kwa kakomedwe.
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Mmene mungapewere zonyenga:
- Gulani tiyi yemwe ali ndi chizindikiro cha chiphaso chophatikizika cha “Yuèxiāng” (越乡) — boma lamzinda lakhazikitsa dongosolo la “zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi” (chizindikiro, miyezo, mapaketi, zizindikiro, kufalitsa, kuyang’anira) kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndi zenizeni.
- Onani mawonekedwe: Yuèxiāng Lóngjǐng weniweni ndi wophwaphwathwa, wosalala, wofanana, wopanda tsinde zolimba.
- Yang’anani fungo: payenera kukhala fungo lokhalitsa la mabokosi lopanda kamvekedwe ka “chopsa”.
- Onani madzi ophira: owonekera, obiriwira wosachedwa, owala kwambiri — kusasinthika sikuloledwa.
- Mtengo wotsika kwambiri ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha chinyengo; mtengo weniweni wa kusonkha ndi kukazinga ndi manja ndi wapamwamba.
12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:
- “Mowa wa miyala yamtengo wapatali wa osafa”: Monk Jiǎorán mu ndakatulo yake ya m’zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu adafanizira tiyi wa Shèngzhōu ndi “chakumwa cha miyala yamtengo wapatali cha osafa” (琼蕊浆, qióng ruǐ jiāng) — chimodzi mwa kuyamikira koyambirira kwa malekodi a tiyi wakumaloko m’ndakatulo za Chitchaina. Ndakatulo yomweyi imadziwika kuti ndi malemba oyamba m’mbiri kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti “njira ya tiyi” (茶道).
- Gawo limodzi mwa atatu la Lóngjǐng wonse: Ndi kuchuluka kwapachaka koposa matani 6,800, Shèngzhōu amapereka pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa atatu la tiyi wonse wa Lóngjǐng m’dzikolo, pomwe matani opitilira 60,000 a tiyi wa ngale amatumizidwa kunja — kumayiko ndi madera opitilira 70 padziko lonse, zomwe ndi pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa asanu la tiyi wonse wobiriwira wotumizidwa kunja kwa China.
- Njira khumi zamanja: Luso la kukazinga Lóngjǐng ndi manja — “dǒu, dā, nà, tuò, shuǎi” (抖、搭、捺、拓、甩) ndi zina — limadziwika ngati cholowa chosagwirika. Ku Shèngzhōu, mpikisano wapadziko lonse wa kukazinga ndi manja umachitika pachaka, wokopa otenga nawo mbali ochokera m’maiko ambiri; mu 2019, wopambana anali mmisiri wochokera kumudzi wa Yīngkuìyán (应桂岩村) m’tauni ya Chóngrén.
- Tiyi wa sewero: Yuèxiāng Lóngjǐng ndi chiphaso chachikulu chokha cha tiyi ku China chomwe chinatchulidwa potsatira mwambo wa sewero. Yuèjù (越剧), yomwe inayambira ku Shèngzhōu kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, inadzakhala sukulu yachiwiri yotchuka ya sewero m’dzikolo pambuyo pa sewero la Beijing. Chiganizo “赏百年越剧,品越乡龙井” chakhala chizindikiro cha kudziwika kwa chigawo.
- Tiyi wa “Wú Juénóng”: Woyambitsa sayansi yamakono ya tiyi ku China, Wú Juénóng (吴觉农, 1897–1989), yemwe adatchedwa “oyera mtima wa tiyi wamakono” (当代茶圣), adakhazikitsa ku Shèngzhōu siteshoni yoyamba ku Zhejiang yosintha mitundu ya tiyi, n’kuyala maziko a sayansi a chiphaso cham’tsogolo. Mwa ophunzira ake muli gulu lalikulu la asayansi amene anapanga maziko a mafakitale a tiyi mu China.
- “Njira ya ndakatulo ya Táng”: Shèngzhōu ali pa “Njira ya ndakatulo ya Táng” yodziwika bwino (唐诗之路, Tángshī zhī lù) — njira imene Lǐ Bái, Dù Fǔ ndi akatswiri ena a ndakatulo a nthawi ya Táng ankayenda. Ambiri aiwo adasiya ndakatulo zokhudza matiyi, mawonekedwe, ndi kuchereza alendo, n’kugwirizanitsa chikhalidwe cha tiyi cha Shèngzhōu ndi mwambo wapamwamba wa zolemba.
13. Kufanizira ndi matiyi ena a Lóngjǐng:
| Khalidwe | Yuèxiāng Lóngjǐng (越乡龙井) | Xīhú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井) | Dàfó Lóngjǐng (大佛龙井) | Qiántáng Lóngjǐng (钱塘龙井) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chigawo | Shèngzhōu (嵊州) | Hángzhōu, dera la Xīhú (杭州西湖) | Xīnchāng (新昌) | Hángzhōu, madera akunja (杭州郊区) |
| Kuchuluka kopanga | ≈ 6,800 t/chaka (chachikulu kwambiri) | ≈ 500–800 t/chaka (chochepa) | ≈ 4,000 t/chaka | ≈ 2,000 t/chaka |
| Fungo lalikulu | La mabokosi (栗香) | La nyemba / la mabokosi | La mabokosi, la orchid | La nyemba |
| Kakomedwe | Kolimba, kotsekemera, kokhalitsa | Kofewa, kolemekezeka, kopepuka | Kosasa, kwamphamvu | Koyera, kofewa |
| Gawo la mtengo | Lapakati (VFM wapamwamba) | Lapamwamba | Lapakati | Lapakati |
| Udindo | GI (2018), “10 apamwamba” achigawo | “Matiyi 10 otchuka a China” | “10 apamwamba” achigawo | Dera lotetezedwa la GI “Lóngjǐng” |
Pomaliza
Yuèxiāng Lóngjǐng ndi “kavalo wogwira ntchito” wa dziko la Lóngjǐng: sali wotchuka monga Xīhú, koma ndi wodalirika modabwitsa, wochuluka mowolowamanja, komanso wopezeka. Pamene Xīhú Lóngjǐng amapereka kuchepa kwapamwamba m’miyeso yochepa kwambiri, Yuèxiāng amaulula chilengedwe chodziwika bwino cha Zhèjiāng mwa kuzama kwake konse — ndi kuya kwa fungo la mabokosi, kutsekemera kolimba kwa madzi ophira, ndi kulimbikira kodabwitsa kwa kutsanuliridwa kochuluka. Uwu ndi tiyi wa chisangalalo chatsiku ndi tsiku komanso wa iwo amene amayamikira luso loona mtima kuposa adilesi yokweza. Mbiri ya tiyi ya zaka zikwi ziwiri ya Shèngzhōu, mdalitso wa “oyera mtima wa tiyi” Lù Yǔ, ndi ndakatulo ya monk Jiǎorán — zonsezi zimapuma mu msamba uliwonse wophwaphwathwa wa Yuèxiāng Lóngjǐng.