Yuexi Cui Lan

Yuexi Cui Lan (岳西翠兰, Yuèxī cuì lán — «Emerald Orchid wochokera ku Yuexi») ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa ku Anhui wokhala ndi amino acid ochuluka kwambiri (≥6,3%) ndi polyphenol otsika kwambiri (≤19,5%) — chiŵerengero ichi chimapereka kutsekemera kwapadera ndi kupepa kwakukulu, zomwe sizipezeka kawirikawiri mu tiyi wina wobiriwira waku China. Tiyi uyu adapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1980 m’kati mwa mapiri a Dabie Shan (大别山, Dàbié Shān) — phiri lalikulu lomwe limagawanitsa madzi a mitsinje ya Yangtze ndi Huaihe — ndipo mu 1985 adalowe m’ndandanda wa «Tiyi Khumi Watsopano Wodziwika Kwambiri ku China» (全国新创十大名茶). Kuyambira 2010 mpaka 2012, tiyi uyu anaperekedwa kanayi ngati mphatso ya boma kwa atsogoleri a mayiko ena (国宾礼茶馈赠外国元首) — umboni wapamwamba wa kuvomerezedwa mwaubwenzi wapadziko lonse.

1. Mgawidwe ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (wosavutitsidwa). Maonekedwe ake ndi «maluwa otseguka»: mphukira zokhala ndi masamba ndi maluwa omwe amatseguka m’madzi ngati maluwa a orchid (芽叶相连舒展成朵，形似兰花). Njira yopangira: kuwotcha ndi kutenthetsa kenako kuyanika ndi makala.

• Gulu: Chinthu cha National Geographical Indication (国家地理标志产品, 2013). Mmodzi mwa «Tiyi Khumi Watsopano Wodziwika Kwambiri ku China» (1985). Mphatso ya boma kwa zaka zinayi (2010–2012). Mphotho ya Golide pa Chiwonetsero cha Zaulimi (1996). Mu 2020 — cholowa chosawoneka cha dera la Anhui. Mtengo wa chizindikiro — 19,63 biliyoni yuan (2024).

• Chiyambi: China, dera la Anhui (安徽, Ānhuī), chigawo cha Yuexi (岳西县, Yuèxī Xiàn) — chomwe chili pakatikati pa mapiri a Dabie Shan. Malo a Geographical Indication ndi matauni 24 ndi midzi 182 ya chigawochi. Madera atatu ofunika kwambiri: Yaohe Xiangluchong (姚河香炉冲) (matauni a Yaohe, Toutuo, Huangwei); Baojia Shifosi (包家石佛寺) (matauni a Baojia, Gufang, Hetu); Tiantou Minshan (田头闵山) (matauni a Tiantou, Wuhe, Changpu).

• Malo: Pafupifupi 30°50′ kumpoto, 116°20′ kum’mawa.

2. Mbiri ndi Kufunika Kwachikhalidwe:

• Mbiri: Yuexi Cui Lan ndi tiyi wachinyamata, koma wodziwika mwamsanga. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1980, akatswiri a tiyi Cheng Dongming (程东明) ndi Zha Daosheng (查道生) anapanga mtundu watsopano wa tiyi pogwiritsa ntchito njira yakale ya «orchid yaing’ono» (小兰花茶, xiǎo lánhuā chá) — mtundu wa mbiri yakale wa tiyi wobiriwira wa ku Anhui — m’madera awiri ofunika: ku kachisi wa Shifosi (石佛寺, “Kachisi wa Buddha wa Mwala”) m’tauni ya Baojia ndi ku phiri la Zhushan (竹山) m’tauni ya Yaohe.

  Mu 1985 pampikisano wachigawo ku Anqing, mitundu yonse iwiri inatenga malo oyamba ndi achiwiri. Chaka chomwecho, tiyi uyu adavomerezedwa kudziko lonse — udasankhidwa kukhala m’gulu la «Tiyi Khumi Watsopano Wodziwika Kwambiri ku China».

  Kenako kutchuka kunakwera mwamsanga: mu 1996 — golide pa Chiwonetsero cha Zaulimi; 2010–2012 — kuperekedwa kanayi ngati mphatso ya boma kwa atsogoleri akunja; 2013 — chitetezo cha Geographical Indication; 2020 — kulowa m’kaundula wa cholowa chosawoneka cha Anhui. Pofika 2024 — malo olimapo tiyi okwana 12,000 ha (180,000 mu), mtengo wonse — 2 biliyoni yuan, mtengo wa chizindikiro — 19,63 biliyoni yuan.

• Dzina:

  • «Yuexi» (岳西) — «Kumadzulo kwa Phiri la Yue (大岳, Dayue)»: dzina la chigawo chomwe chili m’mapiri a Dabie Shan.
  • «Cui» (翠) — «emerald»: mtundu wa tiyi.
  • «Lan» (兰) — «orchid»: fungo (兰花香) ndi maonekedwe — mphukira zotseguka zimafanana ndi maluwa a orchid.

• Kufunika kwachikhalidwe: Yuexi Cui Lan ndi nyenyezi ya chigawo cha mapiri cha Yuexi ndi madera onse akumadzulo kwa Anhui. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kanayi mu ubwenzi wapadziko lonse ndi mbiri yapadera pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira “watsopano”. Tiyi uyu umaimira mfundo ya «三绿» (obiriwira atatu: tsamba lobiriwira, madzi obiriwira, thireyi lobiriwira) — chisembwere chowoneka chimene chakhala chizindikiro cha derali.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zida:

• Mitundu ya zomera: Maziko ake ndi mitundu yam’deralo ya Quntizhong (地方群体种, dìfāng qúntǐzhǒng) — mitundu ya Camellia sinensis var. sinensis ya masamba aang’ono, yomwe imaberekana kudzera mu maluwa, ndipo imadziwika ndi fungo loti ngati la orchid (兰花香显著). Kuonjezera apo: Shifocui (石佛翠, Shífócuì), Shucha Zao (舒茶早, Shūchá Zǎo), Longjing 43 (龙井43), Wuniu Zao (乌牛早) — mitundu yobzalidwa m’modzi ndi mnzake yomwe imakulitsa zokolola ndi kukhazikika. Mbiri ya mankhwala a zinthu za m’masika: amino acid ≥6,3%, polyphenol ≤19,5% — chiŵerengero chimodzi mwa zabwino kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira; vitamini C — 121 mg/100 g — kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa pafupifupi.

• Kukolola: Kumayambiriro kwa masika. Magulu atatu:

  • Cuiya / Gulu lapadera (翠芽/特级): Mphukira zathunthu zokha (单芽, ≥95%). Pa 500 g pafunika mphukira 40,000. Zowongoka, zowonda, ndi ubweya wochuluka.
  • Cuijian / Gulu loyamba (翠尖/一级): Mphukira imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi (≥90%). Maonekedwe opindika ngati maluwa. Fungo labwino loyera.
  • Cuilan / Gulu lachiŵiri (翠兰/二级): Mphukira imodzi ndi masamba aŵiri. Maluwa otseguka. Kukoma kokhazikika.

4. Malo ndi Maphunziro a Kulimidwa:

• Malo: Pankhope ya mapiri a Dabie Shan (大别山腹地) — malo akuluakulu ogawanitsa mitsinje ya Yangtze ndi Huaihe, amodzi mwa madera oyera kwambiri m’kum’mawa kwa China.

• Kutalika kwa kulimidwa: 400–1,000 mita pamwamba pa nyanja.

• Nyengo: Kutentha kwapakati pachaka — 16,4°C, chinyezi — ≥77%, chiŵerengero cha masiku a chithaphwi — >200. Kusinthasintha kwa kutentha pakati pa usiku ndi usana n’kofunika. Kuwala kofalikira (漫射光) ndi chimene chimathandiza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa amino acid.

• Dothi: Dothi lofiira-ndi lachikasu (红黄壤), pH 4,5–6,5, ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe, mwachirengedwe zili ndi selenium ndi zinc zambiri. Malo okhala ndi nkhalango — 74%. Madera ofunika kwambiri ndi malo otetezedwa a madzi (水源保护区): kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo n’koletsedwa.

• Mbiri yapadera ya mankhwala: Amino acid ≥6,3% pomwe polyphenol ≤19,5% — ichi ndi «chiŵerengero cha polyphenol ku amino acid» (酚氨比, fēn’ān bǐ) pafupifupi 3:1, pamene tiyi wina wobiriwira wambiri ali ndi 5–8:1. Chotsatira chake: kuwawa ndi kukhwima kocheperako, kutsekemera ndi kutsitsimula kwakukulu.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Ukadaulo wa Yuexi Cui Lan umaphatikiza kuwotcha, kutenthetsa, ndi kuyanika ndi makala, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zida zachitsulo.

• Kuyala (鲜叶摊放 — xiānyè tānfàng): Kuyala kwakanthawi kochepa.

• Kuwotcha (杀青 — shāqīng): Pogwiritsa tsache la nsungwi (竹帚抛炒, zhúzhǒu pāochǎo) pa 240°C. Kugwiritsa ntchito chida cha nsungwi m’malo mwa chitsulo ndi kusankha kofunikira: nsungwi siyithandiza kupondereza kwa polyphenol, potero imasunga kutsitsimula ndi ubiriwira wonse.

• Kuumba ndi manja (手工理条 — shǒugōng lǐtiáo): Kuongola ndi kuumba mphukira ndi manja.

• Kuyanika koyamba ndi makala (毛火/炭烘 — máohuǒ / tànhōng): Pa 80°C pa makala.

• Kuyala kwapakati (复摊 — fùtān): Kuziziritsa ndi kugawanso chinyezi.

• Kuyanika komaliza ndi makala (足火/炭烘 — zúhuǒ / tànhōng): Pa 60°C — kuyanika pang’onopang’ono “mu mdima” (暗火慢烘). Kuyanika ndi makala ndi kumene kumatulutsa «fungo lozizira» (冷韵, lěngyùn) — kamvekedwe kakang’ono kamene sikamapezeka ngati mukuyanika ndi magetsi.

• Makhalidwe apadera: Njira yonse imagwiritsa zida za nsungwi ndi matabwa (全程竹木器具避金属氧化). Palibe nthawi yomwe tiyi amakhudza chitsulo.

6. Makhalidwe a Kulawa:

«Zobiriwira zitatu» (三绿, sān lǜ): tsamba lobiriwira louma, madzi obiriwira, ndi thireyi lobiriwira — chizindikiro chake.

• Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Mphukira ndi tsamba zili pamodzi (芽叶相连), zokutidwa ndi ubweya wobiriwira ngati emerald (翠绿显毫). Akamamwetsa m’madzi, zimatseguka ngati maluwa (舒展成朵，形似兰花).

• Fungo la tsamba louma: Loyera, lapamwamba (清香). Fungo la orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng) ndi lodziwika, kuchokera ku mitundu ya m’deralo. Fungo la chestnut (嫩栗香) limabwera chifukwa cha kukolola m’masika ndi kuyanika ndi makala.

• Fungo la madzi: Lokhuthala la orchid, lokhazikika komanso lapamwamba. «Fungo lozizira» (冷韵) — kamvekedwe koyenera ka kuyanika ndi makala.

• Kukoma: Kwatsopano ndi konyezimira (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng) — chifukwa cha amino acid ochuluka kwambiri (≥6,3%). Kuzama (醇厚). Kutsekemera kumabweranso kwanthawi yayitali ngati velvet (回甘绵长). Kuwawa ndi kukhwima n’kocheperatu (苦涩度低) — zotsatira za polyphenol ochepa kwambiri (≤19,5%).

• Mtundu wa madzi: Wobiriwira ngati emerald, wowala ndi woonekera (碧绿明亮).

• Thireyi: Mphukira zofewa, zobiriwira, zofanana, zomwe “zatseguka ngati maluwa” (嫩绿匀整成朵).

7. Kusakaniza kwa Mankhwala:

Masiku ochuluka a chithaphwi (200+), malo otetezedwa a madzi opanda mankhwala, ndi nyengo ya mapiri a Dabie Shan zimatulutsa mbiri yapadera ya “kufewa koposa”:

• Amino acid: ≥6,3% — chimodzi mwa zochuluka kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira waku China. Poyerekeza: tiyi wina wodziwika wobiriwira amakhala ndi 3–5%. Kuchuluka kwa amino acid kumapereka kutsitsimula kwapadera ndi “umami”.

• Polyphenol (catechin): ≤19,5% — ocheperapo kwambiri kusiyana ndi pafupifupi (nthawi zambiri 20–30%). Ndipo polyphenol ochepa amafotokoza chifukwa chake kulibe kuwawa ndi kukhwima.

• Vitamini C: 121 mg/100 g — kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa tiyi wina wobiriwira. Zotsatira: chitetezo champhamvu cha antioxidant.

• Alkaloid: Caffeine — 2,8–3,5%. Mphamvu yolimbikitsa — yapamwamba ndi 30% kuposa pafupifupi.

• Selenium ndi zinc: Zochuluka mwachirengedwe — kuchokera ku dothi la mapiri a Dabie Shan.

• Mchere: Potaziyamu, magnesium, manganese, phosphorous.

8. Ubwino wa Zaumoyo:

• Ntchito yamphamvu ya antioxidant: Vitamini C (121 mg/100 g — ×2) yophatikizana ndi catechin.

• Ntchito yochotsa madzi ndi manyowa m’thupi (清热利尿): Catechin imathandiza kuthamangitsa kagayidwe ndi kutulutsa madzi.

• Mphamvu yolimbikitsa (提神醒脑): Caffeine (2,8–3,5%) — yapamwamba ndi 30% kuposa pafupifupi.

• Kukonza chimbudzi: Polyphenol imathandiza ma enzyme.

• Kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha m’thupi: Selenium, zinc, vitamini C.

• Chofunika: izi zikuchokera ku zambiri zopezeka paliponse ndipo si malangizo a zachipatala.

9. Kusakaniza:

• Njira ya galasi ya magalasi (上投法):

  • Kutentha: 85–90°C. Thirani madzi mpaka 7/10, ikani masupuni 3 a tiyi.
  • Lekerani mphindi 2–3. Onani maluwa a orchid akutseguka.

• Njira ya gaiwan:

  • Kutsuka — masekondi 5. Kudontha koyamba — masekondi 20.
  • Tiyi amatha kupirira kukumana 4–6.

• Chenjezo: musagwiritse ntchito madzi otentha kwambiri (>90°C) — amawononga amino acid ndi kupangitsa chikasu. Akatsegula — muzimwa m’masiku 7 kuti mupeze kutsitsimula kwabwino kwa fungo.

10. Kusunga:

• M’chidebe chotseka bwino, pamalo amdima ndi ozizira. Fridge pa 0–5°C.
• Tiyi wogulidwa kumene — dikirani masiku 15 kuti «moto» uchepetse.
• Nthawi yosunga — mpaka miyezi 12. Akatsegula — masiku 7 kuti fungo likhale labwino.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Magulu atatu: Cuiya/特级 (kuyambira 600 yuan pa jin), Cuijian/一级, Cuilan/二级.

• Momwe mungapewere zonyenga: Gulani ndi chizindikiro cha GI cha chigawo cha Yuexi; onani maluwa a orchid akutseguka pakumwetsa; fufuzani fungo la orchid; mtengo wotsika kwambiri ndi chizindikiro cha chinyengo.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

• Kuperekedwa kanayi ngati mphatso ya boma kwa atsogoleri akunja (2010–2012) — mbiri yapadera kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira “watsopano” (opangidwa pambuyo pa 1949).

• Amino acid ≥6,3% pomwe polyphenol ≤19,5% — «chiŵerengero cha polyphenol ku amino acid» ~3:1 poyerekeza ndi 5–8:1 wa wamba. Izi zimapangitsa Yuexi Cui Lan kukhala mmodzi mwa tiyi wobiriwira “wotsekemera” koposa komanso “wosakwiya” kwambiri padziko lonse.

• Vitamini C — 121 mg/100 g — kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa pafupifupi. Pa nkhani iyi, Yuexi Cui Lan ndi okondedwa kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira.

• Kukana kugwiritsa ntchito zida zachitsulo (全程竹木器具) ndi kuyanika ndi makala ndi «fugo lozizira» (冷韵) — kuphatikiza kosowa kumene kumapereka makhalidwe apadera.

• Madera ofunika kwambiri ndi malo otetezedwa a madzi omwe pali lamulo loletsa feteleza ndi mankhwala a tizilombo. Tiyi uyu ndi wa organic mwachirengedwe ngakhale kuti alibe chiphaso chovomerezeka.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina Wobiriwira wa ku Anhui:

• Huangshan Mao Feng (黄山毛峰): Wowotcha, “lilime la mpeti”, wa orchid ndi chestnut. Mao Feng ndi “wopambana” kwambiri; Cui Lan ndi “wotsekemera” komanso wofewa (amino acid 6,3% motsutsana ndi ~3–5%).

• Lu’an Gua Pian (六安瓜片): Wa masamba okha, opanda mphukira. Gua Pian ndi wakuda ndi wodzaza; Cui Lan ndi wofewa ndi “wa orchid”.

• Jingxian Te Jian (泾县特尖): Mnzake wa ku Anhui. Te Jian ndi wa chestnut ndi mchere, wokhala ndi selenium yambiri; Cui Lan ndi wa orchid ndi wotsekemera, wokhala ndi amino acid ochuluka.

• Anji Bai Cha (安吉白茶): Waku Zhejiang. Nayenso ali ndi amino acid ochuluka (6–7%), nayenso amakhala ndi kuwawa kochepa. Anji ndi “wotsekemera kotheratu” wopanda ubweya; Cui Lan ndi “wotsekemera wa orchid” wokhala ndi ubweya ndi maonekedwe a maluwa.

Pomaliza:

Yuexi Cui Lan ndi tiyi wa iwo amene akufuna kufewa kotheratu. Amino acid ochuluka (≥6,3%), polyphenol ochepa kwambiri (≤19,5%), vitamini C yowirikiza kawiri, fungo la orchid la mitundu ya m’deralo, «fugo lozizira» la kuyanika ndi makala, ndi “maluwa a orchid” otseguka m’madzi obiriwira — zonsezi zimapangitsa «Emerald Orchid» kukhala tiyi wangwiro kwa iwo amene amawona kuwawa ndi kukhwima ngati adani, ndipo kutsekemera ndi kutsitsimula ngati makhalidwe abwino okha a tiyi wobiriwira. Anaperekedwa kanayi kwa atsogoleri a mayiko — ndipo moyenerera: mu “orchid” iyi mulibe kamvekedwe kalikonse kankhalwe.