Yuèguāng Jīn Zhī

Yuèguāng Jīn Zhī ndi tiyi wofiira wa kalasi ya gongfu ya Dianhong, woimira mzere wamakono wamagulu apamwamba a tiyi wofiira waku Yunnan. Dzina lotanthauza kuti “Kuwala kwa Mwezi, Nthambi Zagolide” likuphatikiza chithunzi chandakatulo ndi kutsogolera kwake pa kuchuluka kwa nsonga za golide — chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha tiyi uyu. Wopangidwa m’maboma a Fengqing ndi Jinggu m’chigawo cha Yunnan kuchokera ku masamba akuluakulu a Camellia sinensis var. assamica, amawonetsa mawonekedwe apamwamba a Dianhong a maluwa ndi zipatso, uchi ndi caramel, kukoma kokwanira, kozungulira, komanso kulimba kosangalatsa kwa kuphika mobwerezabwereza.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tiyi wofiira waku China (红茶, hóngchá), wothira okosijeni wathunthu.
• Gulu: Dianhong (滇红, Diānhóng) — sukulu ya tiyi wofiira waku Yunnan, yozikidwa pa zomera zazikulu. Ndi wa mtundu wa gongfu hongcha (工夫红茶, gōngfū hóngchá). Dianhong ndi mmodzi mwa tiyi anayi odziwika bwino a ku China pamodzi ndi Qihong (祁红), Zhenghe Gongfu (政和工夫) ndi Chuanhong (川红).
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Yunnan (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). Madera akuluakulu opangira ndi Fengqing County (凤庆县, Fèngqìng Xiàn), mzinda-tsiga la Lincang (临沧市), komanso Jinggu County (景谷县, Jǐnggǔ Xiàn), mzinda-tsiga la Pu’er (普洱市). Madera onse awiri ali pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Lancang (Mekong), m’dera limene mbiri yakale imasonyeza kukhalapo kwa mitengo ya tiyi ya kuthengo.
• Malo a geografi: pafupifupi 24°35′ N, 99°55′ E (pakati pa Fengqing County).

2. Mbiri ndi Chikhalidwe:

• Mbiri: Yuèguāng Jīn Zhī ndi chopangidwa cha nthawi yamakono ya chitukuko cha tiyi wofiira waku Yunnan. Kuti timvetsetse, tiyenera kuyang’ana mbiri yonse ya Dianhong.

  Yunnan ndi dera lomwe lili ndi miyambo yakale kwambiri ya tiyi padziko lapansi: m’boma la Fengqing, m’mudzi wa Xiangzhuqing (香竹箐, Xiāngzhúqīng), pali mtengo waukulu kwambiri wodziwika wa tiyi wolimidwa wazaka pafupifupi 3200. Komabe, tiyi wofiira anayamba kupangidwa kumeneko m’zaka za zana la 20. Mu 1938, mkati mwa nkhondo yolimbana ndi Japan, katswiri wa tiyi Feng Shaoqiu (冯绍裘, Féng Shàoqiú) anafika ku Fengqing mwalamulo la China Tea Company (中茶公司) kuti akakhazikitse gwero latsopano la tiyi wofiira wogulitsa kunja — zigawo zina za kum’mawa zinali zitsekedwa ndi nkhondo. Ataona mitengo yayikulu ya tiyi ya masamba akuluakulu, a mphumphu, ndi ubweya wochuluka, Feng anapanga magulu oyesera a tiyi wofiira ndi wobiriwira. Tiyi wofiira udali wochititsa chidwi kwambiri: nsonga zagolide, mtundu wofiira kwambiri wa rubi, fungo losayerekezeka ndi Qihong, koma ndi kukoma ndi kulimba kosatheka ku mitundu ya masamba aang’ono. Umo ndi momwe Dianhong anabadwira mu 1939. Mlingo woyamba — pafupifupi 500 dan (matani 25) — unatumizidwa kudzera ku Hong Kong kupita ku London Tea Exchange, kumene unagulitsidwa pa mtengo wopambana.

  Mu 1958, Dianhong wa giredi yapamwamba anasankhidwa kukhala tiyi wa ukazembe (外交礼茶) — ankatumizidwa ku akazembe a People’s Republic of China padziko lonse. Mu 1986, paulendo wa Mfumukazi Elizabeth II waku Britain ku Yunnan, anapatsidwa “Dianhong Jinya” (滇红金芽, “nsonga zagolide za Dianhong”), yomwe mfumukazi inapita nayo ngati mphatso ndi kuisunga mumtsuko wagalasi ngati chinthu chosowa. Mu 2022, luso lopanga Dianhong linaikidwa mu Mndandanda Woyimira wa UNESCO wa Cholowa Chosawoneka cha Chikhalidwe monga gawo la “Maluso Amakono Ophika Tiyi ndi Miyambo Yogwirizana nawo ku China”.

  Dzina lenileni la “Yuèguāng Jīn Zhī” linayamba m’zaka za 2010 ngati chinthu chamalonda cha kampani ya “Qicai Yunnan” (七彩云南, Qīcǎi Yúnnán) — imodzi mwamakampani akuluakulu a tiyi waku Yunnan, omwe amagwira ntchito pa pu’er ndi Dianhong wapamwamba. Tiyiyu amadziwika ngati Dianhong wa kalasi yapamwamba ndi kutsindika pa nsonga zagolide ndi kukoma kwa maluwa ndi zipatso.

• Dzina: “Yuèguāng” (月光) amatanthauza “kuwala kwa mwezi” — chithunzi chandakatulo choloza ku ubweya woyera ngati siliva wa nsonga, wofanana ndi kunyezimira kwa mwezi. “Jīn” (金) — “golide,” kusonyeza kuchuluka kwa nsonga zagolide mu tiyi womalizidwa. “Zhī” (枝) — “nthambi,” fanizo la tiyi wocheperako, wotetezeka. Pamodzi, dzinali limapanga chithunzi cha tiyi wapamwamba ndi kusiyana kwa siliva ndi golide — chowoneka bwino ndi chosaiwalika.

• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Yuèguāng Jīn Zhī ndi wa gulu latsopano la tiyi wofiira waku Yunnan, wopangidwira msika wamkati wa China, kumene Dianhong akuyambiranso patapita zaka zambiri za kutumiza kunja. Fengqing, dera lalikulu lopangira, liri ndi udindo wovomerezeka woti “Kwawo kwa Dianhong” (世界滇红之乡, Shìjiè Diānhóng zhī Xiāng) ndipo likutukula zokopa alendo za tiyi. Tiyiyu wapatsidwa mphoto pamisonkhano ya tiyi ndipo amadziwika ngati “chuma chofiira” (红茶珍品) pamsika wa “Qicai Yunnan”.

3. Kufotokozera Zomera ndi Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito:

• Mitundu / Mtundu wolimidwa: Mitundu yaikulu ya ku Yunnan (Camellia sinensis var. assamica). Mtundu waukulu wolimidwa ndi Fengqing Daye Zhong (凤庆大叶种, Fèngqìng Dàyè Zhǒng), wovomerezedwa ngati mtundu wa dziko mu 1985. Uwu ndi mtundu woberekera (wogonana), wa mtengo, wokhala ndi masamba akuluakulu, a mphumphu, ndi ubweya wochuluka wa m’mphukira. Umodziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa polyphenol (mpaka 30–33% ya chouma) ndi caffeine, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala wabwino popanga tiyi wofiira. Mtengo ungafike msinkhu wa mamitala angapo; nsonga zapamwamba — mpaka 2.5 cm. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi zomera za minda zozikidwa ku clones za mndandanda wa Yunkang (云抗, Yúnkàng) ndi Fengqing (凤庆系).
• Kututa: Masika (March–April) ndi nyengo yayikulu ya magulu apamwamba; zomera za chilimwe ndi yophukira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu ochuluka. Nsonga za masika zimakhala ndi ma amino acid ochuluka kwambiri ndipo zimapereka kukoma kotsekemera kwambiri, kosakhwima.
• Muyezo wa kututa: Mphukira imodzi yokhala ndi tsamba limodzi (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè) — ndiye muyezo waukulu wa “Yuèguāng Jīn Zhī.” Kwa magulu otsika mtengo, mphukira imodzi yokhala ndi masamba awiri imaloledwa.
• Zofunikira pa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: Tsamba liyenera kukhala lathunthu, lopanda kuwonongeka kwa makina, ndi mphamvu yosungidwa. Nsonga — zazikulu, zokhala ndi ubweya wochuluka woyera ngati siliva. Nthawi pakati pa kututa ndi kuyamba kufowoketsa — yochepa.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Madera opangira ali kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Yunnan, m’zigwa za mapiri pakati pa mitsinje ya Nujiang (Salween) ndi Lancang (Mekong). Malowa ndi a mapiri ogawanika kwambiri, okhala ndi magawo osiyana a nyengo malinga ndi msinkhu.

• Msinkhu wa kulima: 1000–2200 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Minda yayikulu ya Fengqing ili pa 1200–1800 m.
• Nyengo: Ya subtropical monsoon yokhala ndi makhalidwe a mapiri. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka kumakhala 18–22°C. Kutentha kumasintha kwambiri pakati pa usana ndi usiku — kufika 15°C kapena kupitilira, zomwe zimachedwetsa kukula kwa mphukira ndi kuthandiza kuti fungo likhale lambiri. Mvula yapachaka — 1200–1700 mm. Makhalidwe ake ndi chifunga cha m’mawa ndi madzulo pafupipafupi: “Pamene kuli koyera, m’mawa kwambiri ndi madzulo — chifunga chili ponseponse, pamene kuli mitambo — mapiri amakhala m’mitambo tsiku lonse” (晴时早晚遍地雾，阴雨成天满山云).
• Nthaka: Nthaka zofiira ndi zachikasu (红壤/黄壤), za acidic, pH 4.5–6.0. Wosanjikiza wakuda wa humus (mpaka 30 cm), wopangidwa ndi zotsalira za zomera za m’malo otentha ndi ozizira. Muli zinthu zambiri za organic ndi minerals.
• Makhalidwe apadera: Yunnan ndi dera lomwe liri ndi mitengo yambiri kwambiri ya tiyi ya kuthengo padziko lonse. Mapiri a nkhalango amapanga mthunzi wachilengedwe ndi malo osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimathandiza kukoma kwa tiyi. Ku Fengqing kuli pafupifupi 56,000 mu (≈3700 ha) ya minda yakale ya tiyi, kuphatikizapo 32,000 mu ya minda yokhala ndi mitengo yobzalidwa chaka cha 1949 chisanafike.

5. Luso la Kupanga:

Luso la Dianhong la gongfu lozikidwa pa kusunga nsonga za golide kwambiri ndi kupanga fungo la maluwa ndi zipatso. Akatswiri a ku Fengqing amatchula mfundo ya “zitseko zisanu” (初制把五关): zomera — maziko, kufowoketsa — chiyambi, kupotoza — chinsinsi, okosijeni — mtima, kuyanika — chitsimikizo.

• Kututa (采摘 — cǎizhāi): Kututa pamanja kwa nsonga za kumayambiriro kwa masika ndi tsamba limodzi. Makamaka m’mawa mame akachoka (9:00–11:00), pamene madzi m’tsamba amakhala oyenera.
• Kufowoketsa (萎凋 — wěidiāo): Tsamba limayalidwa mwosanjikiza wochepa pa mathabwa a nsungwi kapena matabwa. Kutenga nthawi — maola 12–18 malinga ndi chinyezi cha mpweya. Cholinga — kuchepetsa mphamvu mpaka kukhala losalala, kuyamba kukula kwa fungo, kutha kwa fungo la udzu. Kuwongolera: tsamba limafinyidwa mosavuta m’manja osathyoka.
• Kupotoza (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Tsamba lofowotsedwa limapotozedwa kuti liphwanye makoma a ma cell ndikutulutsa madzi pamwamba. Kwa zomera zosakhwima za nsonga, kupanikizika kochepa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti nsonga zisawonongeke. Mlingo wa kupotoza — mpaka kupanga tinthu tating’ono todziwika bwino.
• Okosijeni / kuthira (发酵 — fājiào): Tsamba lopotozedwa limayalidwa mosanjikiza m’chipinda choyendetsedwa ndi kutentha (25–30°C) ndi chinyezi chambiri (>90%). Nthawi — maola 3–5. Pamapeto pa okosijeni, tsamba limakhala lofiira-mkuwa, fungo la udzu limatha, fungo la zipatso ndi uchi limapangika limodzi ndi kukoma kwa “malt” kodziwika ndi Dianhong.
• Kuyanika (干燥 — gānzào): Magawo awiri: koyamba (毛火) pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti okosijeni ayime mwachangu, kenako komaliza (足火) pa kutentha kochepa kuti fungo likhazikike ndi chinyezi chichepetseke mlingo wotetezeka (≤6%). Kutentha kochepa komaliza (提香, tíxiāng) kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kukulitsa fungo la caramel ndi uchi.
• Kusanja (分级 — fēnjí): Kulekanitsa malinga ndi kukula kwa magawo, kuchuluka kwa nsonga, kukhala kwathunthu kwa tsamba. Pa “Yuèguāng Jīn Zhī” amasankhidwa gawo lokhala ndi nsonga zagolide zambiri.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva:

• Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Tinthu tating’ono, topotozedwa mwamphamvu, tofanana ndi singano za paini (松针, sōngzhēn). Mtundu — wakuda, wonyezimira ngati mafuta. Nsonga zagolide zambiri zimawonekera bwino, zogawidwa mofanana m’tsamba lonse. Chithunzi chonse — chaukhondo, chofanana, chokongola.
• Fungo la tsamba louma: Lokoma, la uchi, lokhala ndi matoni omveka a caramel ndi zipatso zouma. Toniyo yamaluwa yapambuyo — yopepuka, yosasautsa.
• Fungo la madzi: Losanjikiza zambiri: matoni a maluwa ndi zipatso (maluwa a m’munda, ma apricots apsya, ma plums ouma) amalamulira, pakati pake — uchi, caramel. Pamene ikuzizira, matoni a mbatata yotentha ndi chokoleti cha mkaka amawonekera. Fungo ndi lokhazikika, limakhalapo pa kuphika 6–8.
• Kukoma: Kokwanira ndi kozungulira (醇厚, chúnhòu), ndi kutsekemera kwakukulu, kutsitsimula (甘爽, gānshuǎng) ndi kuwawidwa kofewa. Thupi la madzi — lodzala, la velveti, lokhala ndi kapangidwe ka mafuta kodziwika, ka makhalidwe a zomera zazikulu za ku Yunnan. Kukoma kotsala — kwautali, kotsekemera (回甘, huígān), ndi matoni a uchi ndi zipatso. Kusakhalapo kwa kuwawa ndicho chizindikiro cha magulu apamwamba.
• Mtundu wa madzi: Wofiira kwambiri, wowala, wonyezimira. Kwa magulu apamwamba — ndi mphete ya golide (金圈) m’mphepete mwa chikho, kusonyeza kuchuluka kwa theaflavins.
• Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lothira): Lofiira-mkuwa ndi konyezimira lalanje, losalala, lofanana. Kwa magulu apamwamba — masamba osweka, nsonga zowoneka bwino, kapangidwe kofewa ndi kwamoyo.

7. Kapangidwe ka Makemikolo:

• Polyphenols: Zomera zazikulu za ku Yunnan — ndizopambana pakati pa mitundu yolimidwa yaku China pa kuchuluka kwa ma polyphenolic compounds (mpaka 30–33% mu tsamba louma). Pa nthawi ya okosijeni wathunthu, gawo lalikulu la ma catechins limasintha kukhala theaflavins (茶黄素, 0.5–1.5%), omwe amachititsa kuti madzi akhale owala ndi “amoyo,” ndi thearubigins (茶红素, 8–15%), omwe amapanga kuya kwa mtundu ndi kapangidwe ka velveti. Chiyerekezo cha theaflavins ku thearubigins ndicho chizindikiro chachikulu cha mtundu: pamene gawo la theaflavins liri lalikulu, madzi amakhala owala kwambiri komanso “atsopano.”
• Ma amino acid: L-theanine ndi ma amino acid ena aulere amapangitsa kufewa ndi kutsekemera. Kututa kwa masika kumakhala ndi ma amino acid ochuluka chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa kwa kukula ndi kayendedwe ka mizu.
• Ma alkaloid: Caffeine — yochuluka poyerekeza ndi mitundu ya masamba aang’ono (pafupifupi 30–45 mg/g ya tsamba louma). Theobromine ndi theophylline alipo mochepa.
• Mavitamini: Vitamin C (imatsala pang’ono ngakhale itatha okosijeni), mavitamini a gulu la B (B1, B2, B6), vitamin E.
• Mamineral: Potaziyamu, magnesiyamu, kashiamu, manganese, zinki, chitsulo. Wosanjikiza wakuda wa humus wa m’nthaka za ku Yunnan umapereka mamineral osiyanasiyana.
• Mafuta ofunikira: Linalool, geraniol, nerol, phenylethanol, cis-3-hexenol — ndizomwe zimapanga fungo la maluwa ndi zipatso. Kuchuluka kwa ma volatile aromatic compounds mu Dianhong ndi chimodzi mwazopambana pakati pa tiyi wofiira waku China.
• Chopambana: Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi (水浸出物 ≥38–40%) — kupambana kwambiri kuposa tiyi wina wambiri wofiira wamasamba aang’ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kukoma kokwanira ndi kulimba kwa kuphika.

8. Ubwino:

• Kulimbitsa thupi: Kuchuluka kwa caffeine m’zomera zazikulu kumapereka mphamvu yomveka koma yofewa chifukwa cha L-theanine.
• Kuteteza kwa antioxidant: Theaflavins ndi thearubigins ndi ma antioxidant amphamvu omwe amathandiza kuthetsa ma free radicals.
• Kutenthetsa: Tiyi wofiira m’zakudya zachikhalidwe za ku China ndi chakumwa “chofunda” (温性), chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa ngati mukuzizidwa, m’nyengo yozizira, ndi kwa anthu a thupi “lozizira.”
• Kuthandiza chakudya: Ma polyphenols amalimbikitsa kupanga kwa asidi wam’mimba ndi kayendedwe ka matumbo; madzi ofunda pambuyo pa chakudya amathandiza kugayikidwa kwa chakudya.
• Kuthandiza mtima ndi mitsempha: Theaflavins amathandiza kuti lipid profile ya magazi ikhale yabwino.
• Kusawononga tizilombo: Ma polyphenols ndi mitundu yawo ya okosijeni amalepheretsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
• Ntchito za ubongo: Kugwirira ntchito pamodzi kwa caffeine ndi theanine kumakulitsa kukhazikika, liwiro la kuchitapo kanthu, ndi kuchepetsa kutopa kwamaganizo.
• Kupumula kwa mphamvu: Fungo lofunda, lotsekemera la uchi ndi caramel limakhala ndi mphamvu yopumula, kuchepetsa nkhawa.

9. Kukonza Chakumwa:

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 90–95°C. Kwa magulu osakhwima a nsonga — 85–90°C; Dianhong wamkulu amatha kupirira 95°C popanda kuwawa.
• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 4–5 g pa 100–120 ml (njira ya gongfu); 3 g pa 200–250 ml (njira ya ku Europe, kapu).
• Chida: Gaiwan (盖碗) ya porcelain 100–120 ml — ndiyo njira yabwino yowonera fungo. Chidebe chagalasi chimalola kuyamikira mtundu wa madzi. Dianhong ndi wabwino ngakhale kuphika mophweka mu kapu — madzi amakhala ofewabe ngakhale atakhala ndi tsamba nthawi yaitali.
• Ndondomeko:
  1. Tenthetsani chida ndi madzi otentha ndikuwathira.
  2. Thirani tiyi ndi kupuma fungo la tsamba louma lotenthedwa.
  3. Kutsuka (ngati mungafune): madzi othamanga kwa sekondi 1–2; kwa magulu osakhwima a nsonga kungathe kudumpha.
  4. Kuphika koyamba: 5–8 sekondi. Dianhong amatulutsa mofulumira chifukwa cha zomera zazikulu.
  5. Kuphika kotsatira: wonjezerani nthawi ndi 3–5 sekondi.
  6. Chiwerengero cha kuphika: 6–10; magulu abwino a “Yuèguāng Jīn Zhī” amasunga kukoma mpaka 8–10.
• Kudziwitsa: Dianhong ndi wabwino kwambiri powonjezera mkaka kapena uchi — thupi la tiyi lolimba silitaya mukasakaniza, ndipo mawonekedwe a caramel-uchi amakwaniritsidwa mwabwino.

10. Kusunga:

Sungani mu chotengera chosadutsa kuwala, chotsekedwa bwino (chidebe chachitsulo, thumba la zojambulazo) pa kutentha kwa 10–25°C, kutali ndi kuwala, chinyezi, ndi fungo lina. Nthawi yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito ndi miyezi 12–24 pambuyo popanga. Magulu ochuluka ochokera ku tsamba lokhwima amatha “kuzungulira” mokondweretsa pakasungidwa zaka 2–3: madzi amakhala ofewa, matoni a caramel amakula. Komabe, Dianhong wachikale ndi tiyi wa kutsitsimuka, ndipo sikoyenera kuchedwetsa kugwiritsa ntchito, makamaka kwa magulu a nsonga.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira:

Mtengo wa “Yuèguāng Jīn Zhī” wochokera ku chizindikiro cha “Qicai Yunnan” — ndi yapakatikati ndi kupitirira pamenepo pa nsanja ya Dianhong: pafupifupi 300–800 yuan pa 100 g malinga ndi giredi ndi phukusi. Mwambiri, Dianhong ndi mmodzi mwa tiyi wofiira wabwino wotsika mtengo kwambiri ku China: magulu ochuluka amayambira pa 100–200 yuan pa 500 g, pomwe apamwamba a nsonga — kuyambira 500 mpaka 3000 yuan.

• Momwe mungapewere zabodza:
  1. Gulani tiyi kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ovomerezeka a chizindikiro kapena m’malo ogulitsa tiyi odalirika. Mukamagula “Yuèguāng Jīn Zhī” — onetsetsani kuti phukusi la “Qicai Yunnan” ndi loyambirira.
  2. Yang’anani maonekedwe: Dianhong weniweni amadziwika ndi kupotozedwa kolimba ndi konyezimira ngati mafuta ndi kuchuluka kwa nsonga zagolide; tsamba lotayirira, losawala kapena lopakidwa utoto ndi chifukwa chokaikira.
  3. Fufuzani fungo: Dianhong weniweni ali ndi fungo loyera lotsekemera popanda kupsa kwa mankhwala ndi fungo lina.
  4. Madzi ayenera kukhala owala, ofiira kwambiri, ndi mphete ya golide; madzi obvundikira, abulauni kapena otuwa amasonyeza mtundu wochepa.
  5. Kukoma sikuyenera kukhala kowawa kapena “kophwanyika” — Dianhong wabwino nthawi zonse amadziwika ndi kukoma kokwanira ndi kutsekemera kowonekera.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

• Dzina lakuti “Yuèguāng Jīn Zhī” limagwirizana ndi tiyi wina wodziwika wa ku Yunnan — “Yuèguāng Bái” (月光白, “Kuwala kwa Mwezi Woyera”), umene ndi tiyi woyera wokhala ndi tsamba lamitundu iwiri (siliva pamwamba, lakuda pansi). Tiyi onsewa amagwiritsa ntchito chithunzi chandakatulo cha mwezi, koma ali m’magulu osiyana: wina ndi wofiira, winanso ndi woyera.
• Fengqing, dera lalikulu lopangira, ndi kwawo kwa mtengo wakale kwambiri wodziwika wa tiyi wolimidwa padziko lonse — “Mkulu wa Tiyi” wa Xiangzhuqing (锦秀茶尊, Jǐnxiù Chá Zūn) wazaka pafupifupi 3200. Kuzungulira kwa thunthu — 5.67 m, kutalika — mamitala oposa 10.
• Mu 1958, Dianhong anasankhidwa kukhala tiyi wapadera wa ukazembe wa China, wopangidwa kokha ku Fengqing Tea Factory ndi kutumizidwa ku akazembe onse a PRC.
• M’zaka za nkhondo, “tani imodzi ya Dianhong inkatha kusinthanitsidwa ndi matani 13 a chitsulo” — malinga ndi umboni wa zolemba zakale zogulitsa kunja, ndalama zochokera kugulitsa tiyi wofiira waku Yunnan zinkathandiza kupeza zida zankhondo.
• Mu 2022, luso lopanga Dianhong linalowa m’ndandanda wa UNESCO monga gawo la “Maluso Amakono Ophika Tiyi ndi Miyambo Yogwirizana nawo ku China” — cholowa chosawoneka cha dziko lonse.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wofiira Wina:

• Dianhong Jinya (滇红金芽, Diānhóng Jīnyá): “Nsonga Zagolide za Dianhong” — wachibale wapafupi, wopangidwa kuchokera ku nsonga zokha (单芽). Jinya ndi wosakhwima kwambiri ndi wotsekemera, ndi fungo lofewa ndi thupi laling’ono. “Yuèguāng Jīn Zhī,” wopangidwa kuchokera ku nsonga imodzi ndi tsamba, ali ndi kukoma kokwanira, kukoma kwa zipatso, ndi kulimba kwa kuphika.
• Dianhong Jinzhen (滇红金针, Diānhóng Jīnzhēn): “Singano Zagolide” — tinthu topotozedwa mwansonga. Mowoneka ngati “Yuèguāng Jīn Zhī,” koma angasiyane ndi kuphatikiza kwa mitundu yolimidwa ndi dera lotuta. Mawonekedwe — ndi “owuma” pang’ono komanso osakoma zipatso kwambiri.
• Qihong (祁门红茶, Qímén Hóngchá): Tiyi wofiira wa ku Anhui wochokera ku zomera zazing’ono. “Fungo la Qimen” — ndi la mafuta onunkhira kwambiri, lofewa, lokhala ndi matoni a maluwa ndi orchid. Poyerekeza ndi Qihong, “Yuèguāng Jīn Zhī” ndi wokhuthala, wotsekemera, wamafuta — khalidwe la Dianhong wamkulu. Kulimba kwa kuphika kwa Dianhong ndi kwakukulu kwambiri.
• Zhengshan Xiaozhong (正山小种, Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng): “Lapsang Souchong” wa ku Fujian — tiyi wokhala ndi fungo la utsi kapena “paini” (mu mtundu wachikhalidwe). Mawonekedwe osiyana kotheratu: ngati Xiaozhong ndi moto ndi utsi, ndiye kuti “Yuèguāng Jīn Zhī” ndi uchi ndi maluwa. Zomera ndi malo ndizosiyana kwambiri.
• Zunyi Hong (遵义红, Zūnyì Hóng): Tiyi wofiira wa ku Guizhou wochokera ku zomera zapakati ndi zazing’ono. Poyerekeza ndi “Yuèguāng Jīn Zhī,” Zunyi Hong ndi wopepuka, watsopano, wokhala ndi kukoma kwa acidic ndi thupi lochepa. “Yuèguāng Jīn Zhī” monga Dianhong weniweni — ndi wokhuthala, wotsekemera, wamafuta.

Mawu Otsiriza:

Yuèguāng Jīn Zhī ndiye chitsanzo chokongola cha momwe chiyambi cha tiyi cha zaka masauzande ku Yunnan chikupitirizabe kutulutsa mayina atsopano. Kuseri kwa dzina la ndakatulo la “Kuwala kwa Mwezi, Nthambi Zagolide” pali zenizeni zogwirika: zomera zazikulu zamphamvu za ku Fengqing, zodutsa m’manja mwa akatswiri motsatira malamulo oyambira m’zaka za 1930, ndikusinthidwa kukhala tiyi wokhala ndi fungo lapamwamba la uchi ndi zipatso ndi thupi la velveti. Dianhong uyu ali wabwino popangira mwamphamvu gongfu, komanso pakumwa tiyi m’mawa mwake kuchokera mu kapu yaikulu — ali wokwanira kukhalabe wokoma m’njira iliyonse. Kwa iwo omwe akufuna njira yolowera m’dziko la tiyi wofiira waku Yunnan, “Yuèguāng Jīn Zhī” adzakhala mmodzi mwa otsogolera osavuta komanso okongola kwambiri.