Yóuxī lǜchá · new.thetea.app

Yóuxī lǜchá ndi tiyi wobiriwira waku Fújiàn, wopangidwa m’boma la Yóuxī (尤溪县, Yóuxī Xiàn) mu mzinda wa Sānmíng, mchigawo wa Fújiàn. Amatchedwa hōngqīng lǜchá (烘青绿茶, hōngqīng lǜchá) — tiyi wobiriwira wowumitsidwa ndi mpweya wotentha. Chinthucho chimatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha malo (地理标志集体商标) kuyambira 2010. Chizindikiro cha Yóuxī lǜchá ndi chomwe chimatchedwa ‘zobiriwira zitatu’ (三绿, sān lǜ): masamba owuma obiriwira kwambiri, madzi obiriwira ngati jade, ndi masamba owirira pambuyo pophika. Boma la Yóuxī lili m’gulu la ‘Maboma Khumi Abwino Kwambiri pa Zachilengedwe Opanga Tiyi ku China’ (全国十大生态产茶县), ndipo tiyi wake wobiriwira wapata dzina losavomerezeka kuti ‘Wobiriwira Woyamba wa Kum’mawa kwa China’ (华东第一绿, Huádōng Dì Yī Lǜ) chifukwa cha kutola koyambirira koposa onse m’dera lonse la Huádōng.

1. Mtundu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá) — wosaphikidwa; mulingo wa oxidation ndi wochepa kwambiri (osakwana 5 %). Njira yayikulu ndi hōngqīng (烘青, hōngqīng), kuumitsa ndi mpweya wotentha; gawo lina la kupanga limachokera ku chǎoqīng (炒青, chǎoqīng) — kuwotcha mu mphika.
Gulu: Tiyi wobiriwira waku China wa m’deralo, malonda otetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha malo (地理标志产品, dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn).
Chiyambi: China, mchigawo wa Fújiàn (福建省, Fújiàn Shěng), mzinda wa Sānmíng (三明市, Sānmíng Shì), boma la Yóuxī (尤溪县, Yóuxī Xiàn). Dera lotetezedwalo limaphatikizapo madera 15: Chéngguān (城关镇), Méixiān (梅仙镇), Liánhé (联合镇), Xībīn (西滨镇), Yóuxīkǒu (尤溪口镇), Yángzhōng (洋中镇), Tāngchuān (汤川乡), Xīwěi (溪尾乡), Zhōngxiān (中仙镇), Táixī (台溪乡), Bǎnmiàn (坂面镇), Xīnyáng (新阳镇), ndi ena.
Zomwe zili: 25°50′–26°26′ N, 117°48′–118°40′ E.

2. Mbiri ndi Chikhalidwe Chofunika:

Mbiri:

Mamba a tiyi ku dera la Yóuxī adayambira ku nthawi ya Mzera wa Táng (唐, 618–907). M’buku lotchedwa “Chá Jīng” (《茶经》, Chá Jīng) lolembedwa ndi Lù Yǔ (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) cha m’ma 760–780, mu gawo la “Malo Asanu ndi Atatu Amene Tiyi Amamera” (八之出) amatchulidwa tiyi wa ku Fúzhōu (福州) ndi Jiànzhōu (建州) — madera omwe anaphatikizapo malo a Yóuxī wamakono. Zolemba zakumaloko zimasonyeza kuti tiyi wochokera ku chigawo cha Jiànzhōu (剑州), momwe Yóuxī anali, anali wapamwamba kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kwa mfumu ngati gòngchá (贡茶, gòngchá — tiyi wamsonkho).

M’nthawi ya Mzera wa Míng (明, 1368–1644), zolemba za m’boma lotchedwa “Yóuxī xiàn zhì” (《尤溪县志》), za mu ulamuliro wa Jiājìng (嘉靖, 1522–1566), zimalemba msonkho wa tiyi wa ndalama 25, kusonyeza kuti bizinesi ya tiyi inali yokhwima. M’nthawi ya Mzera wa Qīng (清, 1644–1912), mu ulamuliro wa Qiaǹlóng (乾隆), zolemba za m’boma zimatchula tiyi wabwino kwambiri kuchokera m’mabwalo a 20 ndi 23, ndipo chiwerengero cha pachaka chinafika matani 115. Pambuyo pa kutsegulidwa kwa “madoko asanu” (五口通商), tiyi wochokera ku Yóuxī anagulitsidwa kumayiko a Kum’mwera kwa Asia (南洋, Nányáng).

Mbiri yamakono: mu 2010, tiyi “Yóuxī lǜchá” adapeza chizindikiro chotetezedwa chogawana cha malo. Mu 2018, bomalo lidakhala limodzi mwa “maboma zana opanga tiyi amphamvu kwambiri ku China” (全国茶业百强县). Pofika 2024, dera la minda ya tiyi lidafika mu 102,000 (pafupifupi 6,800 ha), chiwerengero cha pachaka — matani 16,800, ndipo mtengo wa njira yonse ya bizinesi ya tiyi udafika yuan 1.8 biliyoni. Malonda ake amagulitsidwa kumayiko a EU ndi Kum’mwera kwa Asia.

Dzina:

尤溪 (Yóuxī) ndi dzina la malo, kutanthauza ‘mtsinje wapadera’: 尤 (yóu) — ‘wapadera, wopambana’, 溪 (xī) — ‘mtsinje wa m’mapiri, kamtsinje’. 绿茶 (lǜchá) — ‘tiyi wobiriwira’. Choncho dzina lonse limatanthauza ‘tiyi wobiriwira wochokera ku Yóuxī’.

Chikhalidwe Chofunika:

Yóuxī lǜchá ndi wonyada ndi chizindikiro cha bomali. Bizinesi ya tiyi ndiyo maziko a chuma cha m’derali: m’bomalo muli njira yonse kuchokera kumunda mpaka kugulitsa kunja. Tawuni ya Táixī (台溪乡) chifukwa cha kupanga tiyi imadziwika kuti ‘Tawuni Ya Mtengo Woposa Yuan 1 Biliyoni ya Mankhwala Apadera a M’midzi ya Dziko Lonse’ (全国乡村特色产业产值超10亿元镇). Kutola koyambirira kwa masika ndi chochitika chenicheni: tiyi waku Yóuxī amapezeka pamsika pa Phwando la Magetsi (元宵节, Yuánxiāo Jié), podutsa tiyi wobiriwira waku Zhèjiāng ndi Jiāngsū pafupifupi ndi miyezi iwiri.

3. Kufotokoza kwa Zomera ndi Zipangizo Zogwiritsira Ntchito:

Mtundu wa Chomera:

M’bomalo muli mitundu ingapo ya tiyi (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis):

— Fúyún Liù Hào (福云6号, Fúyún Liù Hào) — mtundu wakuthupi woyambirira kwambiri (特早芽种, tè zǎo yá zhǒng). Ndiwo wa masamba apakati ngati chitsamba (灌木中叶种). Umakhala ndi mphamvu zolimbana ndi kuzizira. Ndiwabwino kwambiri popanga tiyi wosalala (扁形茶). Ndiwo umathandiza kuti kutola kwa masika kumayambira msanga kwambiri.

— Fú’ān Dàbái (福安大白, Fú’ān Dàbái) — mtundu wakuthupi wapakati, wodziwika ndi timiyala tambiri (毫, háo) pa masamba. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tiyi wa mawonekedwe a singano (针形茶).

— Jīn Guānyīn (金观音, Jīn Guānyīn) — amalembetsedwanso kuti ‘Mínkē 1-hào’ (茗科1号). Uwu ndiwo mtundu wosakanizidwa, poyamba unapangidwira kupanga wūlóng, koma ku Yóuxī wasinthidwa bwino kukhala wa tiyi wobiriwira. Umathandizira kuti mankhwalawo akhale ndi fungo la maluwa a orchid (兰香, lán xiāng). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tiyi wopindika (卷曲形茶).

Mulingo wa mitundu yopangidwa bwino (良种覆盖率) ndi 93 %. Masamba a masika amakhala ndi polyphenol osachepera 18.3 %, ndipo amino acid ndi wochuluka.

Kutola:

Kutola kwakukulu ndi kwa masika (春茶, chūnchá), kuyambira pakati pa February (zaka zabwino — pa Phwando la Magetsi) mpaka April. Kwa magiredi apamwamba, amatola phwando la Qīngmíng lisanafike (明前茶, míng qián chá).

Mulingo wa Kutola:

Umayendetsedwa ndi muyezo wa T/CSTEA 00043-2022. Giredi lapadera (特级, tèjí): masamba amodzi okha (单芽, dān yá) kapena masamba amodzi ndi tsamba limodzi loyamba kutambasuka (一芽一叶初展), kutalika kosaposa 3 cm. Giredi loyamba (一级, yī jí): masamba amodzi ndi tsamba limodzi (一芽一叶), kutalika kosaposa 3.5 cm. Giredi lachiwiri (二级, èr jí): masamba amodzi ndi masamba awiri oyamba kutambasuka (一芽二叶初展), kutalika kosaposa 4 cm.

Zofunikira pa zipangizozo: Pali lamulo la “zoletsa kukolola zisanu” (五不采, wǔ bù cǎi): osakolola mvula ikagwa, osakolola masamba akavalo mame, osakolola mphukira zofiirira, osakolola masamba owonongeka kapena odwala, osakolola zinthu zosayenera. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira yoteteza zomera yobiriwira (诱虫黄板 + 生物农药), ndipo feteleza wamakemikolo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi oletsedwa. Zokolora zonse zimayesedwa 100% kuti zitsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo zisakhalepo.

4. Malo ndi Mkhalidwe wa Kulima:

Boma la Yóuxī lili pakati pa mchigawo wa Fújiàn, pamphambano ya mapiri a Dàiyún (戴云山脉, Dàiyún Shānmài) ndi Wǔyí (武夷山脉, Wǔyí Shānmài). Izi zimapanga malo apadera olimira tiyi.

Kutalika kwa malo: 300–1,000 m pamwamba pa nyanja.
Nyengo: Nyengo ya mvula ya zotsatira za kum’mwera. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka 18.9 °C. Mvula yapachaka — pafupifupi 1,570 mm. Masiku a chifungwa — oposa 180 pachaka. Kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku — oposa 10 °C. Kuchuluka kwa kuwala kosalunjika kumafika 70%, zomwe zimaletsa nyengo yakukula kwa chomera cha tiyi ndipo zimalimbikitsa kusonkhanitsa kwa amino acid m’masamba.
Nthaka: Nthawi zambiri ndi dothi lofiira ndi lachikasu (酸性红壤、黄壤) lomwe lili ndi nsonga yachonde yoposa 1 m ndiponso ndi zinthu zambiri za chilengedwe. Mulingo wa pH ndi 4.5–6.0, womwe ndi woyenera kwa chomera cha tiyi.
Chilengedwe: Malo okhala ndi nkhalango ndi 78.48 %. Palibe kuipitsidwa kwa mafakitale. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zamoyo zamitundumitundu, chitetezo cha chilengedwe chimaletsa tizilombo toononga, ndipo chiwerengero chawo chimachepetsedwa ndi 60%.

Chinthu Chofunika Kwambiri: kutentha koyambirira kwa masika kumalola kuyamba kutola tiyi koyambirira kuposa malo onse a Huádōng — pofika pakati pa February. Nyengo yozizira yayitali m’nyengo ya chisanu ndi koyambirira kwa masika imalimbikitsa kusonkhanitsa kwambiri kwa amino acid yaulere, zomwe zimapereka kukoma kwatsopano komveka bwino (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng).

Malo Apakati a Kupanga: Tawuni ya Táixī (台溪乡) — ilo ndi malo 38,000 a tiyi (37% ya dera lonse la bomalo); mizinda ya Bǎnmiàn (坂面镇) ndi Tāngchuān (汤川乡).

5. Njira Yopangira:

Yóuxī lǜchá amapangidwa motsatira njira ya tiyi wobiriwira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito njira yayikulu yophera — kuwotcha mu drum (滚筒杀青, gǔntǒng shāqīng), kenako nkupangidwa mawonekedwe ndi kuumitsa ndi mpweya. Gawo lina la kupanga (炒青类) limatchire mu mphika. Chikhalidwe chapadera ndi kuphatikiza kupanga mawonekedwe ndi manja (kwa tiyi wopindika — kufika ntchito 14) ndi magawo amakina.

Kutola masamba atsopano (采摘, cǎi zhāi): Kutola ndi manja malinga ndi muyezo wa “zoletsa zisanu.” Kwa magiredi apamwamba — masamba amodzi okha kapena masamba amodzi ndi tsamba limodzi, zotoleredwa Qīngmíng lisanafike.
Kuchotsa ma enzyme / ‘kuphera kubiriwira’ (杀青, shāqīng): Kuchitikira mu drum yopingasa pa kutentha kwa 240–260 °C. Cholinga ndi kuthana mwamsanga ndi polyphenol oxidase ndi kukhazikitsa mtundu wobiriwira wa masamba (锁翠, suǒ cuì — ‘kusindikiza mwala wamtengo wapatali’).
Kukulunga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kupanikizana kochepa kochepa (轻压短揉, qīng yā duǎn róu). Ntchito yake ndi kuwononga kapangidwe ka ma cell kuti adzitulutse pophika, koma asunge mawonekedwe athunthu a masamba. Kwa tiyi wopindika, amapangidwa ndi manja (手工搓揉, shǒugōng cuōróu) — kupereka mawonekedwe ozungulira; njirayi ikhoza kukhala ndi ntchito 14 zosiyana.
Kusokoneza zidutswa (解块, jiě kuài): Kulekanitsa masamba omwe amamatira pambuyo pokulunga.
Kuumitsa (烘干, hōnggān): Ndi mpweya wotentha pa kutentha kwa 110–120 °C mpaka chinyezi chosaposa 6.5 %. Kwa gawo la chǎoqīng — gawo lomaliza limaphatikizapo kuwotcha mu mphika.

Mitundu mwa mawonekedwe ndi njira:

Malinga ndi muyezo wa T/CSTEA 00042-2022, Yóuxī lǜchá amagawidwa m’magulu awiri akulu:

Hōngqīng (烘青, kuumitsa ndi mpweya wotentha): — Yóuxī Máofēng (尤溪毛峰) — masamba aulemu osasunthika; — Yóuxī Juǎnqū (尤溪卷曲/螺形) — opindika monga spiral; choyimira — “Yúnfù Xuěyá” (云富雪芽); — Yóuxī Duǒxíng (尤溪朵形) — mawonekedwe ngati mphukira; — Yóuxī Biǎnzhēn (尤溪扁针) — singano yosalala.

Chǎoqīng (炒青, kuwotcha): — Yóuxī Biǎnchǎoqīng (尤溪扁炒青) — wosalala wowotchedwa; choyimira — “Pénglái Yínluó” (蓬莱银螺); — Yóuxī Yuánchǎoqīng (尤溪圆炒青) — wozungulira wowotchedwa; — Yóuxī Chángchǎoqīng (尤溪长炒青) — wautali wowotchedwa; choyimira — “Qīxiāng Yīpǐn” (七香一品, wa singano).

6. Mikhalidwe Yamphamvu:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Zimatengera mawonekedwe: tiyi wosalala (扁形) — wosasunthika, wowongoka, wobiriwira ngati emerald; wa singano (针形) — wochepa, wowongoka, ndi timiyala tambiri toyera (白毫, bái háo); wopindika (卷曲形) — wotembenuzidwa mwamphamvu ngati spiral, wobiriwira kwambiri ndi kuwala kwa siliva kuchokera ku miyala. Chomwe chiri chofanana ndi kufanana, kuyera, kusakhala ndi zitsamba zolimba.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Laukhondo, latsopano, lokhala ndi fungo la udzu ndi maluwa. Tiyi wosalala amawonetsa fungo la mtedza wa chestnut (栗香, lì xiāng) ndi la nyemba. Tiyi wopindika wochokera ku mtundu wa Jīn Guānyīn amakhala ndi fungo la orchid lofunikira (兰香, lán xiāng).
Fungo la madzi: Lokwera ndi lokhalitsa. Fungo lalikulu ndi zobiriwira zatsopano (清香, qīngxiāng); m’magiredi apamwamba — mavuto osinthasintha amaluwa. Posungidwa pang’ono pamatha kuoneka fungo la uchi (蜜香, mì xiāng).
Kukoma: Kwatsopano ndi koyera (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), kokwanira (醇厚, chúnhòu), kokhala ndi kukometsa kwabwino kwa nthawi yayitali (回甘, huígān). Kuchuluka kwa amino acid kumapereka chokometsera chonga umami. Kukoma kumakhala bwino mpaka kuthira 4-5 kapena kuposa pamenepo.
Mtundu wa madzi: Wobiriwira modabwitsa (碧绿, bìlǜ), waukhondo ndi wowala, wokhala ndi chinyezimiro chamoyo. Kwa tiyi wosalala wowotchedwa — wachikasu-wobiriwira, wowala ndi waukhondo.
Pansi pa tiyi (masamba otenthedwa): Wobiriwira mofewa, wofanana, wokhala ndi chinyezimiro chamoyo (嫩绿匀亮, nèn lǜ yún liàng). Masamba ndi masamba amawoneka atsopano, “amoyo,” ngati akadali pa nthambi. Mawonekedwe a masamba otseguka amafanana ndi maluwa a orchid (芽叶鲜活如兰).

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:

Yóuxī lǜchá ali ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopatsa mphamvu chifukwa cha malo okwera, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku, ndi kutola koyambirira kwa masika.

Polyphenol (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Mulingo mu tiyi womalizidwa umafika 37.04 % — kwenikweni kuposa chiwerengero chapakati cha tiyi wobiriwira (nthawi zambiri 20–30 %). Chinthu chachikulu ndi catechin (儿茶素, ér chá sù), makamaka epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Kuchuluka kwa polyphenol kumapereka mphamvu yayikulu ya antioxidant.
Amino acid (氨基酸, ānjī suān): Mulingo wonse umakulitsidwa chifukwa cha nyengo yayitali yozizira komanso kuchuluka kwa kuwala kosalunjika. L-theanine (L-茶氨酸, L-chá ānjī suān) ndiyo yochuluka kwambiri — amino acid yodziwika ndi tiyi, yomwe imapereka mawu a umami komanso imakhala ndi mphamvu yopumula. Mulingo wapakati wa amino acid ndi polyphenol umapereka kukoma kwatsopano, kopanda vuto.
Alkaloid: Caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn) — mulingo wamba wa tiyi wobiriwira pafupifupi 2–4 % ya kulemera kwake kouma. Komanso pali theobromine (可可碱) ndi theophylline (茶碱) mu milingo yochepa.
Mavitamini: Vitamini C (ascorbic acid) — mulingo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa tiyi wakuda, chifukwa cha oxidation yochepa. Alipo mavitamini a gulu B (B₁, B₂), vitamini E (tocopherol), vitamini K.
Mchere: Fluorine (氟, fú) — mulingo wochuluka, womwe umateteza mano. Komanso pali potaziyamu, magnesium, zinki, manganese, selenium.
Mafuta ofunika: Mankhwala onunkhira amakhala ndi mazana ambiri a zigawo — mowa, aldehydes, esters. Kwa mitundu yochokera ku Jīn Guānyīn, pali linalool ndi geraniol, zomwe zimapangitsa fungo la maluwa.
Mikhalidwe Yapadera ya Kapangidwe: Mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa polyphenol (37.04 %) komanso kuchuluka kwa amino acid nthawi imodzi — kuphatikiza kosaoneka kawirikawiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala zosiyana. Izi zimatheka chifukwa cha nyengo yeniyeni: kuwala kosalunjika kumaletsa kusintha kwa amino acid kukhala catechin, ndipo kutentha kwakukulu kwa usana kumalimbikitsa kupangidwa kwa polyphenol.

8. Zopindulitsa:

Mphamvu ya antioxidant: Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa polyphenol 37.04 %, mphamvu yothetsera ma free radicals imayesedwa kukhala 40 % yoposa ya tiyi wobiriwira wamba. EGCG ndi imodzi mwa ma antioxidant achilengedwe omwe aphunziridwa bwino kwambiri.
Kuchepetsa mafuta m’magazi: Catechin imathandiza kuwongolera kupangidwa kwa cholesterol m’chiwindi, kuchepetsa mulingo wa “oyipa” LDL-cholesterol. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti tiyi wobiriwira akhoza kuchepetsa mafuta m’magazi ndi 25 % moposa tiyi wakuda, chifukwa amasunga catechin yachibadwa.
Kuwongolera mulingo wa shuga: EGCG amaletsa ntchito ya amylase ndi glucosidase, akulepheretsa kuyamwa kwa glucose ndikuletsa kukwera kwadzidzidzi kwa shuga m’magazi pambuyo pa chakudya.
Kuteteza mano: Kuchuluka kwa fluorine pamodzi ndi polyphenol kumapanga chosanjikiza choteteza cha fluoroapatite pamwamba pa mano, kumawonjezera mphamvu yolimbana ndi mafinya. Mphamvu ya antibacterial ya polyphenol imathandizanso kulepheretsa tizilombo toyambitsa mafinya.
Mphamvu yothandiza kukhala wamphamvu ndi kuganiza bwino: Kuphatikiza kwa caffeine ndi L-theanine kumapereka mphamvu yofewa, yokhalitsa popanda mantha. L-theanine imathandizira kupanga mafunde a α mu ubongo, kumawonjezera chidwi ndi kukumbukira.
Kuthandiza chakudya: Polyphenol imathandizira kuyenda kwa matumbo ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu yopha mabakiteriya oyambitsa matenda m’mimba.
Kulimbitsa chitetezo cha m’thupi: L-theanine imawonjezera ntchito ya maselo a γδ-T, kukulitsa kuyankha kwachibadwa kwa chitetezo.
Kuthandiza khungu: Ma antioxidant amachedwetsa kukalamba chifukwa cha kuwala ndipo amathandiza kuthetsa zotsatira za cheza cha ultraviolet.

9. Kuphika:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C (kwa giredi lapadera la masamba amodzi okha — n’koyenera kuchepetsa mpaka 75 °C). Madzi otentha kwambiri ndi oletsedwa: kutentha koposa 85 °C kumawononga theanine ndi kukulitsa kuwawa.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml (chiŵerengero 1:50). Pophika mu gaiwan — 5 g pa 100–120 ml.
Zida: Kapu yagalasi (玻璃杯, bōli bēi) — njira yabwino kuwona “kuvina kwa tiyi wobiriwira” (绿茶舞): kutseguka kwa masamba ndi masamba m’madzi. Gaiwan ya chauri choyera (白瓷盖碗, bái cí gàiwǎn) — kuti muwone bwino fungo ndi kuwongolera bwinobwino kutulutsa.
Ndondomeko:

Tenthetsani ziwiya ndi madzi otentha, tsani madzi.
Thirani tiyi. Kwa tiyi wa singano ndi wosalala, njira yothira pamwamba (上投法, shàng tóu fǎ) ndiyo yoyenera: choyamba madzi, kenako tiyi. Kwa wopindika — njira yothira pakatikati (中投法, zhōng tóu fǎ): thirani ⅓ ya voliyumu, gwedezani pang’ono kuti fungo liwoneke (摇香, yáo xiāng), kenako thirani.
Palibe chifukwa chotsuka — zipangizo zofewa zimatsegukira ndi kuthira koyamba.
Kuthira koyamba — masekondi 30.
Kuthira kumodzi kumodzi kumawonjezeredwa ndi masekondi 15–20.
Kubwereza kuphika — katatu kapena kasanu (mitundu yopindika imapirira kuthira 4–5, yosalala — 3–4).

Madzi: Madzi ofewa okhala ndi mchere wochepa ndiwo abwino kwambiri — amathandizira kuwonetsa kukoma ndi kufewa kwa fungo.

10. Kusunga:

Mkhalidwe: Paketi yotsekedwa bwino, yosalowetsa kuwala. Njira yabwino kwambiri — mu furiji pa kutentha kwa 0–5 °C. Pewetseratu kukhudzana ndi fungo lachilendo, chinyezi, ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Chidebe: Matumba a pulasitiki osalowetsa mpweya, zitsulo zamalata zitseko zolimba, kapena matumba apadera a tiyi ndi zotseka.
Nthawi yosungira: Amamveka bwino kwambiri m’miyezi 6–12 yoyamba pambuyo popanga. Pakatsegulidwa paketi, akulangizidwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa miyezi 1–3, akusungidwa mu furiji mu chidebe chotsekedwa bwino.
Adani a tiyi: Kuwala (kumathandizira oxidation ya chlorophyll ndi catechin), chinyezi (chimayambitsa nkhungu), kutentha kwakukulu (kumathandizira kutaya fungo), fungo lachilendo (tiyi amayamwa fungo mwachangu).
Chidziwitso: Tiyi watsopano amalangizidwa kuti awuzidwe (醒茶, xǐng chá) pamalo amthunzi kwa masiku 5–7 asanadye kuti achotse chomwe chimatchedwa ‘moto’ (火气, huǒqì), wopezedwa powumitsa.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Gulu la mtengo: Yóuxī lǜchá ali m’gulu la mtengo wapakati pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira waku China. Mtengo umasiyana malinga ndi giredi ndi mawonekedwe: giredi lapadera (明前茶) la masamba amodzi okha — kuchokera ku Yuan 800/jin (500 g) ndi kupitilira; giredi loyamba — Yuan 400–600/jin; giredi lachiwiri — Yuan 150–300/jin. Mtengo umakhudzidwa ndi nyengo ya kutola, mtundu wa chomera, kupangidwa mawonekedwe ndi manja kapena makina.
Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:

— Kugula kwa ogulitsa odziwika bwino: Khalani ndi malonda omwe ali ndi chizindikiro cha malo ‘尤溪绿茶’ ndi logo ya chizindikiro chogawana. Kugula kuchokera ku opanga odziwika a m’deralo kapena ogawa ovomerezeka.

— Kuona maonekedwe: Yóuxī lǜchá weniweni amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe osasunthika, ofanana a masamba, mtundu wobiriwira kwambiri, kusowa kwa zitsamba zolimba ndi masamba osweka. Kwa tiyi wozungulira — wotembenuzidwa mwamphamvu, molimba; kwa wa singano — mawonekedwe owongoka ofanana ndi miyala yambiri.

— Kuona fungo: Laukhondo, latsopano, lopanda mafuta, acidity, kapena zonunkhira zaufa. Fungo la chestnut kapena maluwa ndi chizindikiro cha khalidwe. Fungo losauka, losamveka limasonyeza kuti chimenechi ndi chakale kapena chosungidwa molakwika.

— Kuyesa madzi: Ooneka bwino, obiriwira modabwitsa (kapena achikasu-wobiriwira kwa mitundu yowotchedwa), osakhala ndi mafuta. Madzi akuda kapena ofiira amasonyeza kusokonezeka kwa njira kapena kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.

— Kuyesa mtengo: Mtengo wotsika wokayikitsa (wochepera Yuan 100/jin kwa chomwe chimati ndi giredi lapadera) ndi chifukwa chachikulu chokayikira zenizeni.

12. Zowona Zosangalatsa:

‘Wobiriwira Woyamba wa Kum’mawa kwa China’: Yóuxī lǜchá ndi tiyi wobiriwira woyambirira koposa m’dera la tiyi la Huádōng. Kutola kwa masika kumayamba pa Phwando la Magetsi (pakati pa February), podutsa tiyi wodziwika wa ku Zhèjiāng ndi Jiāngsū pafupifupi ndi miyezi iwiri. Chifukwa chake ndi kutentha koyambirira kwa masika m’chigwa cha mapiri pakati pa zigawo za Dàiyún ndi Wǔyí, kuphatikiza ndi mtundu wa Fúyún 6-hào woyambirira kwambiri.
Mtundu wa wūlóng mu tiyi wobiriwira: Jīn Guānyīn (金观音), womwe unapangidwa ngati mtundu wa wūlóng, ku Yóuxī wagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino popanga tiyi wobiriwira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti gawo lina la malonda likhale ndi fungo la orchid losaiwalika kwa tiyi wobiriwira, lolimbanitsa kwambiri ndi wūlóng yopepuka kuposa lǜchá yachikale.
Ntchito 14 za manja: Tiyi wopindika wozungulira (“Yúnfù Xuěyá” ndi ena ofanana) amapangidwa ndi manja m’magawo 14 otsatizana — imodzi mwa njira zovuta kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira waku Fújiàn.
Mtsogoleri wa polyphenol: Kuchuluka kwa polyphenol yokwana 37 % ndi muyeso wosaiwalika kwa tiyi wobiriwira, nthawi zambiri umene umadziwika ndi kutola kwa masika kwa mitundu yayikulu ya masamba a Assam. Kwa Yóuxī, izi zimatheka chifukwa cha malo pamodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa amino acid — kuphatikiza kochititsa chidwi komwe kumapanga kukoma kwapadera.
Kutumiza ku EU: Yóuxī lǜchá ndi umodzi mwa tiyi wobiriwira waku China wapadera wa m’derali womwe wapita ku certification ya organic ku Europe. 100 % ya zokolora zimayesedwa kuti zitsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo zisakhalepo, ndipo njira ya ‘chitetezo chobiriwira’ (生物防控) imachotseratu kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala m’minda.

13. Kufanizirana ndi Tiyi Wobiriwira Wina:

Mkhalidwe	Yóuxī lǜchá (尤溪绿茶)	Sōngxī lǜchá (松溪绿茶)	Ānjí bái chá (安吉白茶)	Xìnyáng máo jiān (信阳毛尖)
Mchigawo	Fújiàn	Fújiàn	Zhèjiāng	Hénán
Mtundu wa kupanga	Hōngqīng / chǎoqīng	Hōngqīng	Chǎoqīng	Chǎoqīng
Mawonekedwe a masamba	Opanda, a singano, opindika (miwambo yambiri)	Opindika	Opanda, ofanana ndi lancet	A singano owonda
Fungo lalikulu	Kutsopano koyera, mtedza wa chestnut / orchid (mwa mtundu)	Latsopano, la maluwa	La orchid, la mkaka	La chestnut, latsopano
Polyphenol	Mpaka 37 %	~20–25 %	~10–14 % (ochepa)	~22–28 %
Chopadera	Kutola koyambirira koposa mu Huádōng; mtundu wa wūlóng	Kalembedwe ka Fújiàn, certification ya EU	Mtundu wa albino, theanine yapamwamba	Mmodzi wa ‘Tiyi Wodabwitsa Khumi wa China’

Yóuxī lǜchá amasiyana ndi tiyi wobiriwira waku Fújiàn chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwapadera komwe kumachitika mawonekedwe ambiri (mawonekedwe atatu oyambira mu dzina limodzi), kutola koyambirira kopambana kwa masika, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa wūlóng Jīn Guānyīn. Mosiyana ndi Ānjí bái chá wokhala ndi polyphenol yochepa ndi kutsindika pa theanine, Yóuxī lǜchá akuwonetsa mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa polyphenol pamodzi ndi kuchuluka kwabwino kwa amino acid — tiyi wamphamvu, wodzaza, osati “utoto wamadzi” wosakhwima.

Pomaliza

Yóuxī lǜchá ndi tiyi wodabwitsa kwa iwo omwe azolowera “zazikulu zitatu” za tiyi wobiriwira waku China ndipo akufuna chinthu chatsopano. Amaphatikiza chikhalidwe cha tiyi waku Fújiàn wakale ndi mphamvu yosaoneka kwa tiyi wobiriwira: mbiri ya polyphenol yamphamvu, maziko olemera a amino acid, ndipo, monga bonasi, mwayi wopeza mu tiyi wobiriwira fungo la orchid lomwe nthawi zambiri limagwirizanitsidwa ndi wūlóng. Tiyi woyamba wa masika wa Kum’mawa kwa China, wopezeka pamsika pa Phwando la Magetsi, ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri kwa iwo omwe safuna kudikira Qīngmíng ndipo akufuna kuyamba nyengo ya tiyi ndi mwaye wa masika atsopano, “adali ndi chisanu.”