Tiyi Yakutchire · new.thetea.app

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1. Kugawidwa ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Wangaonekere ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tiyi: kawirikawiri Sheng Pu’er, tiyi wofiira, kawirikawiri woyera, wobiriwira kapena oolong. Mtundu umatsimikizidwa ndi njira yopangira, osati chiyambi cha zomera.
Gulu: Tiyi wosowa, wapamwamba kwambiri, wokondedwa chifukwa cha “chire” chake, chilengedwe chake, ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera a kununkhira-kulawa.
Chiyambi: China, makamaka chigawo cha Yunnan (云南, Yúnnán), chodziwika ndi nkhalango zake zakale za tiyi. Amapezekanso kumpoto kwa Vietnam, Laos, ndi Myanmar, kumene kuli mitengo ya tiyi yakutchire. Posachedwapa, chifukwa cha kufunikira kwakukulu, tiyi wochokera kumadera ena omwe ali ndi zinthu zofanana amathanso kutchulidwa kuti “wakutchire”.
Ma coordinates a geography: Zimadalira malo enieni a kusonkhanitsa, koma kaŵirikaŵiri ndi madera amapiri, ovuta kufikako.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Mbiri ya Tiyi Yakutchire imafikira zaka mazana ambiri, ku chiyambi cha chikhalidwe cha tiyi. Chisanayambe kulimidwa, anthu ankasonkhanitsa masamba ochokera ku mitengo ya tiyi yakutchire. Tiyi ameneyu amatchedwa “wachiyambiri”, wofanana kwambiri ndi umene anthu akale a kumwera chakum’mawa kwa Asia ankamwa.
Dzina:
- “Ye Sheng” (野生) - wakuthengo, wachire, wakuthengo. Imani kuwonetsa kuti zopangira zimachokera ku mitengo ya tiyi yakutchire.
- “Cha” (茶) - tiyi.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Tiyi Yakutchire amalemekezedwa chifukwa cha “choyamba”, “chilengedwe”, “kuyera”. Amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi mphamvu ya chilengedwe, mphamvu yapadera ndi mapindu a uchire. Kwa ambiri okonda, si tiyi chabe, koma mwayi wofika pachiyambi cha chikhalidwe cha tiyi, kumva kulumikizana ndi chilengedwe ndi mbiri.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Sayansi ya Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu wa chomera: Zopangira za Tiyi Yakutchire zimatengedwa ku mitengo ya tiyi yakutchire, yomwe mtundu wake ungasiyane:
- Camellia sinensis var. assamica: Mtundu wa Assamese, womwe ulinso ndi mtundu wa masamba akuluakulu a Yunnan (云南大叶种, Yúnnán Dàyèzhǒng), wogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga Pu’er. Uwu ndi wotheka kwambiri.
- Camellia taliensis: Mtundu wina wapafupi wa mtengo wa tiyi, wopezeka kwambiri m’nkhalango za Yunnan. Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga Tiyi Yakutchire.
- Mitundu ina yakutchire: M’madera ovuta kufika a Yunnan, pali mitundu ina ndi mitundu ing’ono ya zomera za tiyi yomwe sinadziwike bwinobwino.
- Chofunika: Tiyenera kudziwa kuti si zomera zonse zakutchire zowoneka ngati tiyi zomwe ziri tiyi enieni. Zina zikhoza kukhala zakupha kapena zosayenera kudyedwa. N’chifukwa chake Tiyi Yakutchire ayenera kugula kuchokera ku ogulitsa odziwika omwe angatsimikizire chowonadi ndi chitetezo chake.
Zaka za mitengo: Mitengo ya tiyi yakutchire imatha kufika zaka mazana angapo ngakhale zikwi. M’kukula msinkhu wake, zopangira zake zimaonedwa kukhala zamtengo wapatali. Komabe, ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kudziwa ndendende zaka za mtengo wakuthengo n’kovuta kwambiri.
Kusonkhanitsa: Kusonkhanitsa tiyi wakuthengo ndi ntchito yovuta komanso nthawi zambiri yoopsa. Mitengo imatha kumera m’malo ovuta kufika, m’mphepete mwamapiri, m’nkhalango zowirira. Osankha tiyi nthawi zambiri amaika moyo wawo pachiswe kuti atole zopangira zamtengo wapatali.
Mulingo wa kusonkhanitsa: Zimadalira wopanga ndi mtundu wa tiyi. Angasankhe nthanga ndi masamba amodzi kapena awiri apamwamba, komanso masamba okhwima.
Zofunika pa zopangira: Amagwiritsa ntchito masamba ndi nthanga zabwino, zosawonongeka, zotengedwa m’madera oyera.

4. Malowa ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Chilengedwe chakuthengo: Chofunika kwambiri pa Tiyi Yakutchire ndikuti umakula m’mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, popanda kusokonezedwa ndi munthu. Mitengo ya tiyi siilimidwa, siipatsidwa manyowa kapena mankhwala.
Kutalika kwa kumera: Mitengo ya tiyi yakutchire imapezeka pamtunda wautali kuyambira 1000 mpaka 2500 mita kuchokera panyanja ndi kupitirira.
Nthaka: Zosiyanasiyana, zodzaza ndi mchere.
Nyengo: Yonyowa, yokhala ndi mvula yambiri, nthunzi zambiri, komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa zamoyo: Mitengo ya tiyi yakutchire imamera mozungulira ndi zomera zina, ndikupanga chilengedwe choyenera. Izi zimakhudza kapangidwe ka masamba ndipo zimapatsa tiyi mawonekedwe apadera a kununkhira-kulawa.

5. Luso la Kupanga:

Luso la kupanga la Tiyi Yakutchire limadalira mtundu enieni wa tiyi (Sheng Pu’er, Shu Pu’er, wofiira, woyera, ndi zina). Mfundo zazikulu:

Kusokoneza pang’ono: Cholinga chachikulu ndi kusunga kwambiri makhalidwe achilengedwe a tsamba la tiyi, lopatsidwa ndi chilengedwe.
Njira zachikhalidwe: Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe zoyesedwa ndi nthawi.
Ntchito yamanja: Magawo ambiri opanga, makamaka kusonkhanitsa ndi kusankha, amachitidwa ndi manja.

6. Makhalidwe a Kununkhira-Kulawa ndi Mawonekedwe:

Makhalidwe a Tiyi Yakutchire amasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi mtundu enieni wa tiyi (Sheng Pu’er, Shu Pu’er, wofiira, woyera, ndi zina), zaka za mitengo, malowa, nyengo ya kusonkhanitsa, ndi luso la kupanga. Komabe, pali mfundo zina zomwe zili zofanana:

Mawonekedwe akunja: Zimadalira mtundu wa tiyi. Nthawi zambiri masamba amakhala akuluakulu kuposa a tiyi wa m’munda, akhoza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osalongosoka, opiringidwa kapena osasintha. Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wobiriwira kapena wa bulauni wakuda.
Kununkhira: Kaŵirikaŵiri ndi wozama, wovuta kwambiri ndi “wachire”, kuposa wa tiyi wamunda. M’kununkhira mungapeze mafuta a udzu wa nkhalango, maluwa, zipatso, uchi, nkhuni, zonunkhira, dothi, utsi ndi zina. Kununkhira kumasintha malinga ndi mtundu wa tiyi ndi zaka.
Kulawa: Wathanzi, wodzaza, wamitundu yambiri. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuwawa pang’ono kapena kuwotchera, kusiya kukoma kwa nthawi yayitali. Kukoma kumasinthanso malinga ndi mtundu wa tiyi ndi zaka. Khalidwe lapadera ndi lomwe limatchedwa “khalidwe lachire” la kukoma, lomwe nlovuta kulifotokoza m’mawu, koma limasiyanitsa tiyi wakuthengo ndi wa m’munda.
Mtundu wa madzi: Umadalira mtundu wa tiyi. Kwa Sheng Pu’er - kuyambira chikasu chowala mpaka bulauni wa amber, kwa Shu Pu’er - bulauni wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda, kwa tiyi wofiira - wofiira wa amber.
Pansi pa tiyi: Zimadalira mtundu wa tiyi. Kaŵirikaŵiri ndi masamba osakwanira, osalimba.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:

Tiyi Yakutchire, kaŵirikaŵiri, ali ndi kapangidwe kochuluka kwambiri ka mankhwala poyerekeza ndi tiyi wa m’munda:

Ma polyphenols: Kuchuluka kwa ma polyphenols, kuphatikiza ma catechins, theaflavins, thearubigins.
Ma amino acids: Wolemera ma amino acids, makamaka L-theanine.
Alkaloids: Caffeine, theobromine, theophylline.
Mafuta onunkhira: Kapangidwe kovuta ka mafuta onunkhira komwe kumapangitsa kununkhira kwamitundumitundu.
Mavitamini: C, gulu B, E, K.
Mchere: Potasamu, fluoride, magnesium, manganese, iron, selenium ndi ena.

8. Mapindu:

Mapindu a Tiyi Yakutchire amatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa tiyi (Sheng, Shu, wofiira, woyera, ndi zina) ndipo, monga amaganiziridwa, amaongezeka chifukwa cha zaka za mitengo ndi mikhalidwe yachilengedwe yakula. Mapindu wamba:

Mphamvu ya antioxidant: Imateteza maselo ku kuwonongeka ndi ma free radicals, imachepetsa ukalamba, imachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ambiri.
Kulimbikitsa: Imapatsa mphamvu, imathandizira kukhazikika, imachotsa kutopa, koma imagwira ntchito mofewa kuposa khofi.
Kuthandizira chakudya: Imalimbikitsa chakudya, imathandizira kugaya.
Moyo ndi zotengera: Ingakhale ndi phindu ku mtima ndi mitsempha.
Kuchotsa poizoni: Imathandizira kuchotsa poizoni m’thupi.
Kulimbikitsa chitetezo: Imawonjezera mphamvu ya chitetezo cha thupi.
Mphamvu yapadera: Ambiri okonda amawona mphamvu yapadera, yamphamvu ya tiyi kuchokera ku mitengo yakale pa thupi ndi maganizo, yomwe imatchedwa “Cha Qi” (茶氣 - “Chi ya tiyi”).

9. Kathamitsidwe:

Njira yokathamitsira Tiyi Yakutchire imadalira mtundu enieni wa tiyi. Malangizo wamba:

Kutentha kwa madzi: Kwa Sheng Pu’er - 85-95°C, kwa Shu Pu’er - 95-100°C, kwa tiyi wofiira - 90-95°C, kwa tiyi woyera - 70-85°C, kwa wobiriwira - 70-80°C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: magalamu 5-7 pa madzi 150-200 ml.
Zombo: Gaiwan, chikho chadothi cha Yixing, ziwiya zafatifati.
Ndondomeko: Kutenthetsa zombo, kuchapa tiyi (kwa Pu’er), kuthira madzi mothira pang’onopang’ono ndikuwonjezera nthawi yoikira.
Kuchuluka kwa kuthira: Kumadalira mtundu wa tiyi ndi mkhalidwe wa zopangira. Tiyi Yakutchire wabwino amatha kupirira kuthira kambiri (7-10 kapena kuposerapo).

10. Kusunga:

Mkhalidwe wa kusunga umadalira mtundu wa tiyi. Sheng Pu’er, monganso mitundu ina ya tiyi kuchokera ku mitengo yakale, amakonzedwa kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali ndi kukhwima. Amasungidwa pamalo owuma, amdima, ndi mpweya wokwanira, m’zotengera “zopumira” (ceramic, dongo, pepala). Shu Pu’er, tiyi wofiira ndi woyera amasungidwa m’zotengera zotsekedwa, pamalo owuma, ozizira, amdima.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Tiyi Yakutchire ali m’gulu la tiyi wokwera mtengo, wapamwamba. Mtengo wokwera umachitika chifukwa:

Kusoweka: Kuchuluka kwa mitengo ya tiyi yakutchire kuli kochepa.
Kuvuta kwa kusonkhanitsa: Kusonkhanitsa zopangira kumakhala ndi zovuta zazikulu ndi chiwopsezo.
Mkhalidwe wabwino wa zopangira: Mitengo yakutchire imapereka tiyi wokhala ndi kukoma kwakukulu, kununkhira ndi mphamvu.
Kufunikira kwakukulu: Kufunika kwa Tiyi Yakutchire kukukula nthawi zonse.

Chifukwa cha mtengo wake wapatali ndi kutchuka pamsika, mwatsoka, pali zonyenga ndi zoyerekeza zambiri. Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:

Gulani kokha kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odziwika: Fufuzani malo ogulitsa tiyi omwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino, omwe amasamalira makasitomala awo ndipo akhoza kupereka zidziwitso zodalirika za chiyambi cha tiyi, zaka za mitengo, wopanga.
Chenjerani ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri: Mtengo wotsika wokayikitsa pafupifupi nthawi zonse ndi chizindikiro cha chinyengo. Tiyi Yakutchire weniweni sangakhale wotsika mtengo.
Yang’anani mosamala mawonekedwe: Masamba ayenera kukhala osakwanira, ofanana ndi kufotokozera kwa mtundu winawake wa tiyi. Kukhalapo kwa masamba osweka ambiri, fumbi, zosakaniza zina ndi chizindikiro cha mkhalidwe wochepa.
Yesani kununkhira: Tiyi wouma ayenera kukhala ndi kununkhira koyenera kwa mtunduwo, popanda zosakaniza zina.
Yesani madzi: Mtundu wa madzi, kukoma ndi kununkhira ziyenera kugwirizana ndi kufotokozera.
Samalani za zaka za mitengo: Onani zidziwitso za zaka za mitengo ngati zidalembedwa. Kumbukiraninso kuti zaka n’zovuta kutsimikizira, choncho dalirani magwero odalirika okha.
Gulani kachulukidwe kakang’ono koyesa: Musanagule mtolankhani waukulu wa tiyi wamtengo wapatali, tengani kakang’ono kuyesa, kuti muwone mkhalidwe wake.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

Tiyi “wakuthengo”: Tiyi Yakutchire, mwina, ndiye tiyi “wakuthengo” koposa mitundu yonse, popeza amapangidwa kuchokera ku zopangira zotengedwa ku mitengo yomwe imamera mwachilengedwe, popanda kusokonezedwa ndi munthu.
Tiyi ndi mbiri: Tiyi Yakutchire ndi mwayi wolawa tiyi, momwe unalili zaka mazana ambiri m’mbuyomu, chisanayambe kulimidwa.
Tiyi wosinkhasinkha: Chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yamphamvu ndi kutha kumveketsa bwino maganizo, Tiyi Yakutchire nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito posinkhasinkha ndi miyambo ya tiyi.

13. Mitundu ya Tiyi Yakutchire:

Tiyi Yakutchire atha kugawidwa malinga ndi zinthu zingapo:

Malinga ndi mtundu wa tiyi:
- Tiyi Yakutchire Sheng Pu’er: Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa Tiyi Yakutchire.
- Tiyi Yakutchire Shu Pu’er: Amapezeka kawirikawiri kuposa Sheng.
- Tiyi Yakutchire Hong Cha (Wofiira Wakuthengo): Amapezekanso, koma kawirikawiri kuposa Pu’er.
- Tiyi Yakutchire Bai Cha (Woyera Wakuthengo): Mtundu wosowa kwambiri.
- Tiyi Yakutchire Lü Cha (Wobiriwira Wakuthengo): Amapezeka modabwitsa.
Malinga ndi malo a kusonkhanitsa: Zigawo zosiyanasiyana za Yunnan (ndi zigawo zina) zimapatsa tiyi makhalidwe ake apadera.
Malinga ndi zaka za mitengo: Mkulu msinkhu wake, wapatali tiyi.

Pomaliza:

Tiyi Yakutchire ndi gulu lapadera la tiyi, lomwe limasonyeza mphamvu yoyambirira ndi mphamvu ya chilengedwe chakuthengo. Kukoma kwake kodzaza, kwamitundumitundu ndi zotsalira za udzu wa nkhalango, maluwa, zipatso, uchi, nkhuni, zonunkhira, dothi, komanso mphamvu yake yayikulu pa thupi ndi maganizo zimamupangitsa kukhala chuma chenicheni kwa okonda tiyi. Kulawa Tiyi Yakutchire weniweni ndiko kufika pachiyambi cha chikhalidwe cha tiyi, kumva lumikizano ndi chilengedwe ndi kupeza chochitika cha tiyi chosayerekezeka. Uwu ndi tiyi wa iwo omwe akufuna osati chakumwa chabe, koma ulendo wonse, ulendo wopita kuya kwa “Ine” ndi kumadera akuthengo, osasokonezedwa. Tiyi Yakutchire ndi tiyi wokhala ndi moyo, ndi khalidwe, ndi mbiri yake, yomwe amauza aliyense amene ali wokonzeka kumvetsera.