Yǎngtiān Xuě Lǜ

Yǎngtiān Xuě Lǜ ndi tii wobiriwira wopatsa dzina wamakono kuchokera m’chigawo cha Henan, wopangidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1980 mkati mwakuphatikiza miyambo ya tii wa ku China ndi waku Japan. Amapangidwa kumapiri a kumpoto kwa phiri la Nainai Dian mu mpanda wa milu ya Dabieshan, kumene kasupe wa kumapiri umakumana ndi chipale chofewa cha kumtunda, ndipo minda ya tii imamizidwa mu kuwala kofumbatira kwachilambo chamvula. Amadziwika ndi masamba ake athyathyathya, ofenda bwino, okhala ndi timere tambiri topezeka, ndi kafungo kokhazikika ka maluwa a orchid.

1. Kugawa ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tii wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá) — wosafesa, mlingo wa okisijeni ndi wochepa kwambiri (osakwana 5%). Malinga ndi njira yowumitsira, ndi wa gulu la hōngqīng (烘青, hōngqīng) — tii wobiriwira wowumitsidwa ndi kutentha (bèihuǒ, 焙烘).
• Gulu: Tii wobiriwira wopatsa dzina wamakono wa chigawo cha Henan; amenewa ali m’gulu la “tii khumi otchuka a Henan” (河南省十大名茶). Ali m’gulu la tii wapadera wobiriwira wa maonekedwe athyathyathya (扁形绿茶, biǎnxíng lǜchá).
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Henan (河南省), mzinda wa Xinyang (信阳市), dera la Gushi (固始县). Pakati pa derali pali famu ya tii ya Yangtianwa (仰天洼茶场) kumpoto kwa phiri la Nainai Dian (奶奶殿) m’tauni ya Zushi Miao (祖师庙镇), pamphambano ndi maboma a Wumiao (武庙乡) ndi Chenlinzi (陈淋子镇). Minda ya tii yopitirira ndi ma ekala 300 (4500 mu), yomwe ili ndi udindo wa malo owonetsera chilengedwe cha dziko lonse.
• Maudindo a geographiki: pafupifupi 115°33′–115°34′ kum’mawa, 31°36′–31°37′ kumpoto (pakati pa derali).
• Mkhalidwe wotetezedwa: Chinthu chokhala ndi chisonyezero cha geographiki cha dziko lonse (国家地理标志产品, chiphaso cha 2004). Chakhala cholembedwa m’kaundula wa zinthu zotetezedwa chifuna cha chilengedwe choyambira (生态原产地保护产品, 2015). Chizindikiro cha malonda chalembetsedwa mu 2003, mtengo wa chidziwitsowa wadutsa ma yuan 29 biliyoni (2024).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

• Mbiri:

Ulimi wa tii m’dera la Gushi uli ndi mizu yakuya. M’buku la “Nkhani ya Tii” (《茶经》, Chájīng) lolemba ndi Lu Yu (陆羽), akuti: “Pakati pa tii waku Huainan, woposa onse ndi tii wochokera ku Guangzhou” (淮南茶以光州上). Dera lakale la Guangzhou (光州) limaphatikizapo gawo la dera lamakono la Gushi, zomwe zikusonyeza miyambo yopanga tii ya nthawi ya Tang (zaka za m’ma 7–9) m’malowa. Malinga ndi nthano zapaderalo, mfumu ya Tang, Li Shimin (李世民), atavulala, adachiritsidwa atamwa tii wa ku phiri la Dabieshan, ndipo adampatsa udindo wa chopereka (贡茶).

Kumpoto kwa Nainai Dian kunkachitidwa dzina loti “Guangzhou Dashan Cha” (光州大山茶) — “tii wa m’phiri wamkulu wochokera ku Guangzhou”. Koma dzina lake lamakono lopatsa ndakatulo tiyi analandira patapita nthawi. Mu 1847 (chaka cha 27 cha ulamuliro wa Daoguang, 道光), jinshi wa Cing (状元) ndi katswiri wazomera wotchuka, Wu Qijun (吴其濬, 1789–1847), mbadwa ya Gushi, atabwerera kwawo atapuma pantchito, adayendera phirili m’nyengo ya Guyu (谷雨, “Mvula ya Tirigu”). Poang’ana m’mwamba, adaona chofunda choyera kwambiri cha chipale chamtunda ndi zobiriwira za tiyi zazitsamba zokongola kumunsi, ndipo analemba mzere: “Hé fēng yǒng xuě yǎng tiān lǜ, fāng míng yíng chūn gài shì xiāng” (和风咏雪仰天绿，芳茗迎春盖世香) — “Mumphepo yofunda akutamanda chipale chofewa, zobiriwira zikuyang’ana kumwamba; tii wonunkhira akulandira masika, fungo lake likugonjetsa dziko.” Kuchokera pomwe panatulukira dzina loti “Yǎngtiān Xuě Lǜ” — “Zobiriwira za chipale chofewa zoyang’ana kumwamba.”

Tii wamakono monga mmene alili panopa adapangidwa mu 1982–1984 ndi katswiri waulimi, Zhu Xueyi (朱学义), amene adaphatikiza zinthu zaukadaulo waku Japan wa sencha (煎茶) ndi waku Xihu Longjing (西湖龙井), ndikupanga maonekedwe athyathyathya apadera ndi njira yake yomanga. Mu 1986, pakuwunika kwa chigawo ndi akatswiri ochokera ku Yunivesite ya Ulimi ya Hunan, ndi masukulu a zaulimi a Anhui ndi Zhejiang, tiyi adavomerezedwa ngati “tii wopatsa dzina wopanga luso wa Henan” (河南省创新名茶). Mu 2003, chizindikiro cha malonda chinalembetsedwa; mu 2004, chisonyezero cha geographiki cha dziko lonse chinalandiridwa.

• Dzina:

“Yǎng” (仰) — “kukweza maso, kuyang’ana kumwamba”; “tiān” (天) — “mwamba”; “xuě” (雪) — “chipale chofewa”; “lǜ” (绿) — “zobiriwira”. Momveka: “Kuyang’ana kumwamba — zobiriwira za chipale chofewa.” Dzinali limapereka chithunzi cha masika: kumunsi kwa phiri masamba a tii akutuluka amtundu wa emerald, pomwe pamwamba pake padakali ndi chipale chofewa. Ndakatulo ya dzinali ikuchokera kumzere wolembedwa ndi katswiri wa nthawi ya Cing, Wu Qijun.

• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:

Gushi ndi limodzi mwa madera oyambirira a kusamukira kwa anthu aku China ku kum’mwera: kuchokera pano ndiko pachokera makolo a gawo lalikulu la anthu a ku Fujian ndi Taiwan (zolembedwa m’nkhalino: “Guangzhou Gushi”, 光州固始). Chikhalidwe cha tii cha Gushi chili pamphambano ya miyambo iwiri ikuluikulu ya tii — kumanzere kwa derali kumapangidwa Xinyang Mao Jian (信阳毛尖), kum’mawa — Liu’an Gua Pian (六安瓜片). Yǎngtiān Xuě Lǜ amakhala pakati pawo, akuphatikiza malo a Dabieshan ndi luso lake lapadera lopanga. Tiyi amawonedwa ngati “chidzindikiro cha kuyendera” cha derali, pamodzi ndi Jiuhuashan Mao Jian (九华山毛尖) — tii wina wopatsa dzina wapaderalo.

3. Kufotokoza za Zomera ndi Zopangira:

• Mitundu / Cultivar: Maziko ndi mitundu yaying’ono ya mahatchi okhala m’deralo (本地群体小叶种, běndì qúntǐ xiǎoyè zhǒng) Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Mitundu yothandizira: Fuding Dabai Cha (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá) ndi Longjing 43 (龙井43, Lóngjǐng 43). Zaka za minda yayikulu ndi zopitirira 30. Masamba ndi ozungulira, okhuthara ndi odzala; kulemera kwa mphutsi 100 za muyeso wa “kaphata kumodzi ndi tsamba limodzi” kuli pafupifupi magalamu 45. Nthawi ya ukoma (持嫩期) ya mitundu yapaderalo imatalikitsidwa ndi masiku 7–10 poyerekeza ndi mitundu yofanana.
• Kukolola: Kukolola kwa masika ndiye kofunika mokuliratu. Nthawi yabwino — kuyambira Qingming (清明) mpaka Guyu (谷雨), ndiye kuti kuyambira kumayambiriro mpaka kumapeto kwa April. Kukolola koyambirira (tsiku lisanakwane Qingming) — kuli ndi mtengo woposa.
• Mlingo wa kukolola: Mlingo wapamwamba (特级) — mikaphata yokha kapena kaphata ndi tsamba limodzi losatseguka pang’ono (单芽或一芽一叶初展); Mlingo woyamba (一级) — kaphata ndi tsamba limodzi (一芽一叶); Mlingo wachiwiri (二级) — kaphata ndi masamba awiri ndi masamba otseguka (一芽二叶及开展叶).
• Zofunikira pa zopangira: Mphutsi ziyenera kukhala zosakaza, zofewa, zofanana, ndi timere tambiri. Kukolola ndi manja nkofunikira pa milingo yapamwamba.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulimidwa:

Minda ya tii ya Yǎngtiān Xuě Lǜ ili kumpoto kwa phiri la Nainai Dian (奶奶殿) — lomwe ndi limodzi la milu ya Dabieshan (大别山), kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa chigawo cha Henan, kumalire ndi chigawo cha Anhui. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kukhala kwake kumpoto komwe kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa kuwala kwadzuwa, zomwe zimachedwetsa kukula kwa mphutsi, ndipo kumachulukitsa kusonkhanitsidwa kwa ma amino acid ndi zinthu zonunkhira.

• Kutalika kwa kumera: Pafupifupi mamita 653 kumtunda kwa nyanja (minda yayikulu); pamwamba pa Nainai Dian ndi kumtunda kwambiri.
• Nyengo: Kusintha kuchokera ku nyengo yotentha kupita ku nyengo ya monsoon ya pakati. Kutentha kwa pachaka kumakwana 12.5–15.5 °C; kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa usiku ndi usana ndi kupitirira 10 °C. Masiku okhala ndi chifunga amaposa 102 pachaka. Kuwala kofumbatira (散射光) kumalimbikitsa kusonkhanitsidwa kwa L-theanine ndi ma amino acid.
• Mitundu ya nthaka: Nthaka yobiriwira yamchenga ya chikasu yochedwetsa acid pang’ono (微酸性黄沙土), pH 4.5–5.6. Ili ndi humus wambiri, komanso zinc ndi selenium. Nthaka idapangidwa pa miyala yamakono ndipo amadziwika ndi dzina lapaderalo loti “nthaka ya phulusa” (香灰土, xiānghuī tǔ) — malo abwino kwambiri a tchire la tii.
• Chilengedwe: Nkhalango zimaphimba 87.6%. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa makemikolo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi koletsedwa; famu ili ndi chiphaso cha organic cha ku Ulaya. Derali lavomerezedwa ngati malo owonetsera chilengedwe cha dziko lonse.

5. Ukadaulo Wopanga:

Ukadaulo wa Yǎngtiān Xuě Lǜ ndi wopangidwa ndi mlengi wake, wophatikiza zinthu za kukazinga kwachikale kwa Longjing ndi sencha yaku Japan. Kukonza ndi manja kumaphatikiza njira zopitirira khumi, kuphatikizapo “kukoka” (捞, lāo), “kugwedeza” (抖, dǒu), “kutsogolera” (带, dài), “kumwaza” (撒, sā), “kukunkhuniza” (搓, cuō) ndi “kukakamiza” (压, yā). Mfundo ya “kuphatikiza moto wofewa ndi moto wamphamvu” (文火武火并施) — imachokera ku mwambo waku Japan.

• Kuyala-kufuwula (摊青, tān qīng): Masamba atsopano amayalidwa mosanja kwa maola anayi kuti atayike madzi pang’ono ndi kuyamba kupanga fungo.

• Kuletsa zobiriwira — “kupha zobiriwira” (杀青, shāqīng): Amachitidwa mu poto yachitsulo (铁锅) pa kutentha pafupifupi 120 °C. Kutentha nkochepa poyerekeza ndi tii wina wambiri wachikale wa chaoqing, ndipo izi zimasunga kufewa kwa tsamba ndi fungo lake losalala.

• Kumanga (做形, zuòxíng): Gawo lafunikoli limene limapatsa tiyiyo maonekedwe ake athyathyathya. Amaphatikiza njira ziwiri: “kukunkhuniza mu chingwe” (搓条, cuō tiáo) — kukoka tsamba pakati pa zikhadabo kuti akhale ndi mzere wowongoka; ndi “kutaya chingwe” (甩条, shuǎi tiáo) — kugwedeza pang’ono kuti awongole ndi kusalaza. Pa nthawi imeneyi tiyi amakhala athyathyathya, ofenda bwino, owala pang’ono ndi timere totuluka.

• Kuyanika koyamba — máo huǒ (毛火): Kutentha pa 80 °C; kuchepetsa chinyezi kufika pa mlingo wapakatikati.

• Kuyanika kotsiriza — zú gān (足干): Kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali pa kutentha kochepa (60 °C) kufikira chinyezi chosapitirira 7%. Izi zimatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa fungo ndi kusungika kwake.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptiki:

• Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Lathyathyathya, lofenda bwino, lowongoka (扁平挺秀), ndi timere tambiri toyezera (显毫). Mtundu wake ndi wobiriwira wamafuta, wokongola (翠绿油润). Masamba ndi ofanana, osiyanasiyana kukula. Maonekedwe ake amafanana ndi a Longjing, koma ali ndi timere toonekera bwino.
• Fungo la tsamba louma: Loyera, lapamwamba, ndi liwu loonekera la orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng). M’mikololo ya masika kumakhalanso fungo la chestnut (栗香).
• Fungo lamadzi otsekemera: Lolimbikira, lokhalitsa, ndipo limakhala ndi fungo la orchid. Kutalika kwa fungo ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zake zazikulu: malinga ndi muyezo wa chisonyezero cha geographiki, fungo limafotokozedwa ngati “qīng gāo chíjiǔ” (清高持久) — “loyera, lapamwamba, lokhalitsa.”
• Kukoma: Kwatsopano komanso kofewa koma kolimba (鲜醇, xiān chún), ndi kukhuta kowonekera kotsekemera (甘厚, gān hòu). Kukoma kotsalira kumatsekemera ndipo kumakhalitsa (回甘持久). Kukawa ndi kunyinyirika sizimapezeka ngati tiyi watenthedwa moyenera. Thupi la madzi otsekemera ndi lapakatikati, ndipo limakhala lofewa ngati velveti.
• Mtundu wa madzi otsekemera: Wobiriwira mofewa ndi kakang’ono kachikasu (嫩绿微黄), woyeretsedwa ndi wowonekera bwino (清澈明净).
• Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lotenthedwa): Lobiriwira mofewa, lowala (嫩绿明亮), lofanana, lamoyo (匀齐鲜活). Masamba amatseguka mokwanira, kuwonetsa kukhulupirika kwawo ndi kufewa.

7. Zomwe Zili M’kati mwake:

Yǎngtiān Xuě Lǜ amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa zotulutsa m’madzi ndi ma amino acid — zotsatira za kuyang’ana kumpoto ndi nyengo yamapiri yokwezeka.

• Zotulutsa m’madzi (水浸出物): ≥44% — chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zokwezeka kwambiri pakati pa tii otchuka obiriwira a ku China, zomwe zimapereka kukhazikika kwakukulu kwa madzi otsekemera.
• Ma amino acid (氨基酸): ≥4.6%. Kuchuluka kwa L-theanine kumadza chifukwa cha kuwala kofumbatira ndi kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa usiku ndi usana kopitirira 10 °C.
• Ma polyphenol (茶多酚): ≥23% (kwa mlingo woyamba ndi kupitilira). Mlingo wochepa poyerekeza ndi tii obiriwira a kum’mwera — chifukwa chake amafotokoza kufewa ndi kusowa kwa kukawa.
• Ma alkaloid: Kafeini — m’mlingo wamba wa tii wobiriwira (2.5–4%); theobromine, theophylline — m’milingo yochepera.
• Mavitamini: Vitamini C — 100–500 mg/100 g (kusiyana kwakukulu malinga ndi nyengo ndi mlingo). Mavitamini a gulu B, vitamini E.
• Mchere: Zinki ndi selenium — m’milingo yowonjezeka, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mchere mu nthaka ya Dabieshan.
• Mafuta onunkhira: Ubwino wa fungo la orchid umapangidwa ndi linalool, geraniol ndi nerolidol.
• Chizindikiro chapadera: Chiŵerengero chokwezeka cha ma amino acid ku ma polyphenol (amino acids/polyphenols ≈ 0.2) ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za tii obiriwira “ofewa,” “otsekemera.”

8. Ubwino wa Umoyo:

• Chitetezo cha antioxidant: Kuchuluka kwa vitamini C (kuyambira 500 mg/100 g) kumapereka chitetezo chokwanira ku ma radical aulere ndi kuthandiza ma membrane a maselo.
• Kutulutsa poyizoni ndi chitetezo ku ma radiation: Vitamini C imathandiza kutulutsa zitsulo zolemera (plumbago, kadmayo) ndikuchepetsa zovuta za kukhudzidwa ndi ma radiation.
• Kupatsa mphamvu: Kuphatikiza kwa kafeini ndi L-theanine kumapereka kudzuka kofewa, kosalala kopanda nkhawa — mkhalidwe wa kukhazikika mtima pansi.
• Kuthandiza kagayidwe ka mafuta: Ma catechin amalimbikitsa kutentha kwa mafuta; kumwa pang’onopang’ono pafupipafupi kumatha kuchepetsa mlingo wa kolesterol ndi kuteteza matenda a kamba (kudzera mu kulimbikitsa kusandulika kwa kolesterol kukhala ma bile acid).
• Dongosolo la mtima ndi magazi: Ma polyphenol a tii amalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
• Ntchito za ubongo: L-theanine imasintha mafunde a alpha mu ubongo, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kumveka bwino kwa maganizo ndi kukhazikika.
• Mkhalidwe wa khungu: Gulu la antioxidant (vitamini C + ma catechin) limathandiza kupanga kolajeni ndi chitetezo ku kukalamba kwa khungu kochititsidwa ndi kuwala.
• Kugaya chakudya: Kuchuluka kwapakati kwa ma tannin kumalimbikitsa moyenera kugunda kwa matumbo popanda kupsereza mphutsi.

9. Kutentha:

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 85–90 °C. Ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha kwambiri kupitirira 90 °C — kutentha kwakukulu kumawononga theanine ndi kuchulukitsa kukawa.
• Kuchuluka kwa tii: Magalamu 3 pa mililita 150 (chiŵerengero 1:50).
• Zida: Kapu ya galasi (玻璃杯) — ndi yabwino kwambiri kuwona maonekedwe a masamba ndi mtundu wa madzi; kapu yoyera ya porcelain ya gaiwan (盖碗) — kuti fungo lituluke bwino komanso kuti kukoma kwake kumveke pagawo.
• Njira:

1. Tenthetsani kapu kapena gaiwan ndi madzi otentha, tsitsani.
2. Gwiritsani njira yakutsitsa mmwamba (上投法, shàngtóufǎ): choyamba tsani madzi mu kapu, kenaka ikani tii mosamala — masamba adzamizika pang’onopang’ono, akutseguka.
3. Tsani madzi mofatsa, kumbali ya chombo — izi zimalepheretsa kufalikira kwa timere ndi kusautsa madzi.
4. Kutentha koyamba — mphindi imodzi. Kulikonse kotsatira — kuwonjeza masekondi 20.
5. Tiyi amapirira kutentha kwambiri kupitirira kasanu ndi kawiri (耐泡度7次以上).
6. Kwa gaiwan: gwiritsani nthawi yapakati ya masekondi 15–20 pama kutentha koyambirira, kuwonjeza masekondi 5–10.

• Uphungu: Potentha mu kapu, mutha kuwonjeza madzi akamwa pafupifupi 1/3 ya madziwo — izi zimasunga kuchuluka kwake kokhazikika.

10. Kusunga:

• Mikhalidwe: Zokutira zotsekedwa bwino zosaonera kuwala (zitsulo za aluminiyamu + chidebe cha malata kapena tin). Sungirani mu firiji pa 0–5 °C.
• Nthawi: Ali ndi fungo labwino kwambiri m’miyezi 6–12 yoyambirira. Tii watsopano amalimbikitsidwa kumudzutsa (醒茶) masiku 7 mutatsegula — kumusiya panja pamalo otetezedwa ku kuwala kuti athetse kafungo kotsalira ka “moto.” Mukatsegula, tiyeni agwiritsidwe pasanathe masiku 10.
• Adani a tii: Kuwala, chinyezi, kutentha, fungo lachilendo, mpweya. Osasunga pafupi ndi zakudya zonunkhira kwambiri.
• Chidziŵitso: Posunga kwakanthawi kochepa (mpaka miyezi iwiri), malo ozizira amdima pa kutentha kwa chipinda ndi okwanira.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

• Zisonyezo za mtengo (msika wamkati wa China, 2023–2024):

  • Mlingo wapamwamba (特级): ≥500 yuan pa jin (500 g) — akaphata okha kapena kaphata + tsamba limodzi, fungo lodziwika la orchid.
  • Mlingo woyamba (一级): 200–500 yuan pa jin — kaphata + tsamba limodzi, fungo loyera, kukoma kolimba.
  • Mlingo wachiwiri (二级): osakwana 200 yuan pa jin — njira yopezeka yatsiku ndi tsiku.

• Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:

  • Onani maonekedwe a tsamba: Yǎngtiān Xuě Lǜ woona ndi wathyathyathya, wofenda bwino, wowala bwino ndi timere tambiri toyezera. Zofanizira zambiri zimakhala zaumbidwe mosalongosoka kapena zosalongosoka.
  • Yezani fungo: Tii weniweni amakhala ndi fungo lokhalitsa la orchid popanda fungo la “udzu,” la masamba, kapena lochucha.
  • Onani madzi otsekemera: Obiriwira mofewa ndi kakang’ono kachikasu, oyeretsedwa ndi owonekera bwino. Madzi osautsa kapena obiriwira kwambiri ndi chizindikiro cha kusintha kapena kusunga molakwika.
  • Ganizirani za mtengo: Mtengo wotsika wokayikitsa wa “mlingo wapamwamba” ndi chizindikiro cha kusinthidwa ndi zopangira zotsika mtengo.
  • Sankhani wogulitsa: Sankhani zinthu zokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographiki (国家地理标志产品) kuchokera ku dera la Gushi. Ma brand odalirika ndi amene amalumikizidwa ndi famu inayake ya tii ya Yangtianwa.

12. Mfundo Zochititsa Chidwi:

• Tii wodziwika ndi ndakatulo: Yǎngtiān Xuě Lǜ ndi imodzi mwa tii ochepa a ku China amene dzina lawo limachokera mwachindunji kumzere wolembedwa ndi ndakatulo. Wolemba ndakatuloyi ndi Wu Qijun (吴其濬), yekhayo jinshi (状元, “woyamba pa mayeso a boma”) m’mbiri yonse ya chigawo cha Henan mu nthawi ya Cing, komanso wolemba buku lalikulu lazomera lakuti “Zhiwu Mingshi Tukao” (《植物名实图考》) — limodzi mwa ma atlas ofunika kwambiri azomera a ku China a m’zaka za m’ma 1800.

• Kuphatikiza miyambo iwiri: Popanga tiyi mu 1982–1984, katswiri waulimi Zhu Xueyi adabwereka mwadala zinthu za ukadaulo wa sencha waku Japan (kukonza mofewa, kugogomezera kusunga ma amino acid) ndikuziphatikiza ndi kukazinga kwachikale kwa ku China. Izi zimapangitsa Yǎngtiān Xuě Lǜ kukhala chitsanzo chosowa cha kuphatikiza kwa zikhalidwe pakupanga tii.

• Njira yapakati pa nyengo: Dera la Gushi lili ndendende pa mzere wa isotherm wa Januware — malire a nyengo pakati pa nyengo yotentha ndi nyengo yapakati ya China. Mkhalidwe wosinthawu umapereka kwa tii wapaderalowo kukhala kosiyana koma kofewa: kufewa kwa tii wakum’mwera komanso kukhazikika ndi kulimba kwa akumpoto.

• “Udindo wa zomera”: Mu 2015, Yǎngtiān Xuě Lǜ analoŵa m’kaundula wa zinthu 11 za Gushi zomwe zinalandira chitetezo cha chilengedwe choyambira pa mlingo wa dziko lonse — chitsanzo choyamba chotere mu China pa mlingo wa dera lonse.

• Kukhala pafupi ndi akulu: Minda ya tii ya Gushi ili pakati pa madera awiri otchuka a tii: Xinyang (信阳) kumanzere ndi Mao Jian wake, ndi Liu’an (六安) kum’mawa ndi Gua Pian wake. Chifukwa chake, Yǎngtiān Xuě Lǜ amakula “mu mthunzi wa akulu,” koma amapereka kununkhira kosiyana kwawoko.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi tii ena obiriwira:

• Xinyang Mao Jian (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Mnansi wapafupi kwambiri, mmodzi mwa “tii khumi otchuka a China.” Onse ndi a ku Henan, onse amakhala ndi timere tambiri. Komabe, Mao Jian ali ndi maonekedwe ozungulira, opindika mofewa (细圆光直), pamene Xuě Lǜ ndi wathyathyathya ndi wofenda bwino. Fungo la Mao Jian ndi la chestnut ndi nyemba; Xuě Lǜ ali ndi fungo la orchid. Malo a Xinyang ali okwezeka pang’ono (800–1000 m), koma osadziwika bwino chifukwa cha kuyang’ana kumpoto.

• Xihu Longjing (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Tii wathyathyathya wobiriwira wa muyezo. Maonekedwe a tsamba la Yǎngtiān Xuě Lǜ amafanana ndi a Longjing, koma Xuě Lǜ ali ndi timere towonekera bwino (毫), pamene Longjing wabwino kwambiri ndi wosalala. Fungo la Longjing ndi la chestnut ndi nyemba, lowotcha kwambiri; Xuě Lǜ ndi wamaluwa (orchid). Longjing ndi chaoqing (kukazinga mu wok); Xuě Lǜ ndi hongqing (kuyika ndi kutentha), zomwe zimapereka fungo lofewa, “lopumira.”

• Taiping Houkui (太平猴魁, Tàipíng Hóukuí): Tii wathyathyathya wobiriwira wa ku Anhui, wochokeranso kudera la Dabieshan, koma wamkulu kwambiri masamba ake. Houkui ndi wamkulu kwambiri pakati pa tii athyathyathya obiriwira; Xuě Lǜ, mosiyana, ndi wochepa. Fungo la Houkui ndi la orchid (兰花香), lomwe limafanana ndi la Xuě Lǜ, koma kukoma kwa Houkui kumakhala kofewa komanso “kodekha.”

• Liu’an Gua Pian (六安瓜片, Liù’ān Guāpiàn): Mnansi wa kum’mawa ku Dabieshan. Amadziwika chifukwa amapangidwa kuchokera ku tsamba la tsamba lopanda kaphata. Maonekedwe ake ndi “kachidutswa ka mbewu ya dzungu” kokulunga. Fungo lake ndi lotenthedwa kwambiri, la chestnut. Kusowa kwa kaphata kumapereka kukoma kosafewa koma kokhazikika.

• Jiuhuashan Mao Jian (九华山毛尖): Tii wachiwiri wopatsa dzina wa Gushi. Amapangidwa m’malo omwewo, koma ndi ukadaulo womwe umafanana kwambiri ndi wa Xinyang Mao Jian wachikale. Maonekedwe — ozungulira, opindika; fungo — la chestnut. Ngati Jiuhuashan Mao Jian ndi woimira “mwambo” wa tii wa Gushi, ndiye kuti Yǎngtiān Xuě Lǜ ndi “wopanga luso watsopano.”

Pomaliza

Yǎngtiān Xuě Lǃ ndi imodzi mwa tii obiriwira omwe ali ndi ndakatulo komanso ukadaulo wapadera ku pakati pa China. Wobadwa pamphambano ya madera akulu a tii, waphatikiza kufewa kwa malo a Dabieshan, ukadaulo wa fungo la orchid, ndi maonekedwe athyathyathya achikongole okumbukira Longjing, koma ali ndi chikhalidwe chake. Tii ameneyu ndi wabwino kwambiri kwa iwo amene amayamika mu tii wobiriwira osati kukawa ndi “kuwala kobiriwira,” koma kutsekemera kofewa ngati velveti, kukoma kokhalitsa, ndi kuonekera kwapadera kumene kumaperekedwa kokha ndi chifunga cha kumapiri pamphambano ya kum’mwera ndi kumpoto. Dzina lake ndi khadi la ndakatulo: pamwamba pa chipale chofewa, masamba a emerald, ndi maso oyang’ana kumwamba.