Xúwén Lǜchá

Xúwén Lǜchá ndi tiyi wamtundu wapadera wobiriwira wochokera ku chigawo cha Xúwén (徐闻县, Xúwén Xiàn), chomwe chili kumapeto kwenikweni kum’mwera kwa dziko la China, pachilumba cha Léizhōu m’chigawo cha Guǎngdōng. Uwu ndi umodzi mwamatiyi amakono ochepa a ku China opangidwa ndi njira yophikira ndi nthunzi (蒸青, zhēngqīng), yomwe imalumikizana ndi miyambo ya tiyi ya ku Japan. Tiyi amadziwika ndi chizindikiro chake cha “zobiriwira zitatu” (三绿, sān lǜ) — masamba owuma obiriwira, mankhwala obiriwira, ndi pansi pa tiyi wobiriwira — komanso kununkhira kwapadera konyezimira ngati “kununkhira kwa nyanja” chifukwa cha kuyandikira kwa nyanja ndi dothi la mapiri ophulika.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), wosapangidwa. Mtundu waukulu ndi zhēngqīng (蒸青绿茶, zhēngqīng lǜchá, tiyi wobiriwira wophikidwa ndi nthunzi); amapangidwanso ngati chǎoqīng (炒青绿茶, chǎoqīng lǜchá, tiyi wobiriwira wokazingidwa).
• Gulu: Tiyi wobiriwira wa kudera la China. Tiyi woyamba m’dzikolo kulandira chitsimikizo cha “chakudya chobiriwira” (绿色食品, lǜsè shípǐn) mu 1990. Ndi m’gulu la tiyi wa muyezo wa dziko wa “zakudya zabwino zopanda poizoni” (国家无公害优质食品, 1999).
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Guǎngdōng (广东省, Guǎngdōng Shěng), mzinda wa Zhànjiāng (湛江市, Zhànjiāng Shì), chigawo cha Xúwén (徐闻县, Xúwén Xiàn). Kupanga kumachitika makamaka kumapiri akum’mawa ndi kumpoto kwa chigawocho.
• Ma Coordinates a geography: Pafupifupi 20°13′–20°43′ N, 109°52′–110°35′ E.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Mwambo:

• Mbiri: Kulima tiyi ku chigawo cha Xúwén kwalipo kwa zaka zopitirira mazana anayi. Kale kwambiri mu nthawi ya Mfumu ya Ming (明, 1368–1644) ndi Qing (清, 1644–1912), kumudzi wa Xiàqiáo (下桥镇, Xiàqiáo Zhèn), pamapiri a Shíbǎnlǐng (石板岭, Shíbǎnlǐng), anthu amalimidwa ndi kukonza tiyi. Mitengo yomwe yatsala pano ya pafupifupi zaka 400 imadziwika kuti ndi maziko a tiyi wa Xúwén. M’zaka za zana la makumi awiri, chithandizo chachikulu pa ntchito ya tiyi chinaperekedwa ndi obwera kumudzi kuchokera ku Southeast Asia (华侨, huáqiáo), omwe anabweretsa njira ya pamanja yokazingira. M’zaka za m’ma 1960–1980, dongosolo la mafamu a boma (农垦系统, nóngkěn xìtǒng) linapanga minda ya tiyi yamakina, ndipo famu yayikulu inali Hǎi’ōu (海鸥农场, Hǎi’ōu Nóngchǎng). Mu 1983, minda yoyamba yovomerezeka ya tiyi yopanda mankhwala idakhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachilengedwe zotetezera m’malo mwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mu 1990, mitundu ya “Xióng’ōu” (雄鸥, Xióng’ōu) ndi “Yǒngshì” (勇士, Yǒngshì) inalandira umodzi mwa zitsimikizo zoyamba za m’dzikolo la “chakudya chobiriwira”. Mu 1992, tiyi wobiriwira wa Xúwén anawonetsedwa pa Msonkhano wa UN pa Zachilengedwe ndi Chitukuko (Rio de Janeiro) ngati chitsanzo cha chakudya choyera cha China chopanda mankhwala. Mu 1995–1997, tiyi uyu adapambana mphoto za siliva pa Chiwonetsero cha Ulimi cha China (中国农业博览会, Zhōngguó Nóngyè Bólǎnhuì). Mtundu wa “Xióng’ōu” unalandiranso udindo wa “China Famous Brand of Agricultural Products” (中国名牌农产品, Zhōngguó Míngpái Nóngchǎnpǐn), ndipo mu 2019–2020, udindo wa “Guangdong Famous Tea” (广东名茶, Guǎngdōng Míngchá).

• Dzina: “Xúwén” (徐闻) ndi dzina la mbiri ya chigawochi lomwe likhalapo kuyambira 111 BC, pamene linakhazikitsidwa ndi mtunda wa Han Lù Bódé (路博德, Lù Bódé). “Lǜchá” (绿茶) amatanthauza “tiyi wobiriwira”. Choncho, dzina lonse limangotanthauza “Tiyi wobiriwira [wa chigawo] Xúwén”.

• Tanthauzo la mwambo: Xúwén ndi poyambira pa mbiri ya Nyanja ya Silk Road (海上丝绸之路, Hǎishang Sīchóu zhī Lù) ya nthawi ya Han. Kulima tiyi kuno kumalumikizana kwambiri ndi mwambo wa mafamu a boma (农垦文化, nóngkěn wénhuà) ndi mwambo wa “dothi lofiira” (红土文化, hóngtǔ wénhuà) wa chilumba cha Léizhōu. Malo amakono ochezera a “Tiyi ndi Ananasi” (茶与菠萝创新创业基地) amaphatikiza minda ya tiyi ndi minda yokongola ya ananasi, ndikupanga njira yapadera yoyendera alendo a zaulimi.

3. Kufotokozera Kwazomera ndi Zopangira:

• Mitundu / Cultivar: Zomera zambiri (pafupifupi 70%) ndi mtundu wa masamba akulu a Yúnnán (云南大叶种, Yúnnán Dàyè Zhǒng) — mtengo wamitundumitundu (Camellia sinensis var. assamica), wodziwika ndi masamba akuda ambiri okhala ndi ma polyphenols a tiyi ≥ 28.3%. Chigawo china ndi mtundu wa masamba akulu a Hǎinán (海南大叶种, Hǎinán Dàyè Zhǒng). Kulima kumachitika m’malo othamangira pamapiri ophulika, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a feteleza ndi ophera tizilombo. Kufesana — ndi njira yachikhalidwe yodula, yomwe imasunga mitundumitundu ya zomera (群体种, qúntǐ zhǒng).
• Kukolola: Chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha, nyengo yokolola ku Xúwén imakhala miyezi 8–10 pachaka — kutalika kwambiri kuposa madera ena akulu a tiyi a mumtsinje wa Yangtze. Kukolola koyambirira kwa masika kumayamba mu Januware-Feburuali, patsogolo pa madera a mumtsinje wa Yangtze ndi masiku 30–70.
• Muyezo wa kukolola: Mtundu wapadera (特级, tèjí): mphukira zokha basi kapena “mphukira imodzi — tsamba limodzi” (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè). Mtundu woyamba (一级, yījí): “mphukira imodzi — masamba awiri” (一芽二叶, yī yá èr yè). Tiyi wamba (大宗茶, dàzōng chá): “mphukira imodzi — masamba atatu” (一芽三叶, yī yá sān yè).
• Zofunikira pa zopangira: Mphukira zazing’ono, zofanana popanda masamba okhwima, kuwonongeka kwa makina ndi fungo lachilendo. Mulingo wopanda zotsalira za mankhwala ndi chizindikiro chofunikira pa chitsimikizo cha “chakudya chobiriwira”.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

• Nyengo ndi mawonekedwe amtunda: Chigawo cha Xúwén chili m’dera lotentha la mphepo yamkuntho (热带季风气候, rèdài jìfēng qìhòu). Kutentha kwapakati pachaka ndi 23.6 °C, mvula pachaka ndi 1864 mm, masiku achifunga amapitirira 150 pachaka, kusiyana kwa kutentha kwatsiku ndi usiku ndi koposa 8 °C. Kuphatikizika kwa chinyezi chambiri, chifunga chochuluka, ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha kumathandiza kuti ma amino acid apezeke m’masamba a tiyi: ma amino acid m’tiyi wa Xúwén wa kumayambiriro kwa masika ndi ochuluka ndi 15% kuposa ena ochokera m’madera amkati mwa China.
• Kutalika kwa minda: Minda imapezeka makamaka pamapiri othamangira a mapiri ophulika pamtunda wochepa (mpaka 200–300 m pamwamba pa nyanja). Ngakhale kuti kutalika sikuli kwakukulu, chinthu chokhudza kutalika chimaperekedwa ndi kuphatikizika kwapadera kwa kuyandikira kwa nyanja, dothi la mapiri ophulika, ndi chifunga chotentha.
• Dothi: Dothi lofiira la laterite (砖红壤, zhuānhóng rǎng), lopangidwa pa miyala ya mapiri ophulika, lokhala ndi pH 4.5–6.5. Dothi limakhala ndi seleniyamu wambiri (0.018–0.066 mg/kg), mchere, ndi zinthu za organic (≥ 3%). Derali lilibe kuipitsa kwa mafakitale.
• Makhalidwe a kulima: Mapaderawa amadza chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa zinthu ziwiri — miyala ya mapiri ophulika ndi kuyandikira kwa nyanja, zomwe zimapanga phunziro lapadera la kukoma, lofotokozedwa ndi ndakatulo yoti “kunyowa kwa nthaka ndi mpweya wa nyanja” (陆润海韵, lù rùn hǎi yùn). Minda ya tiyi ili m’chigawo chonse, koma kupanga kwakukulu kumachitika m’madera awiri ofunikira:
  • Shíbǎnlǐng, mudzi wa Xiàqiáo (下桥镇石板岭, Xiàqiáo Zhèn Shíbǎnlǐng) — malo a mitengo ya tiyi ya zaka 400, malo owonetsera ulimi wa tiyi wachilengedwe.
  • Famu ya Hǎi’ōu (海鸥农场, Hǎi’ōu Nóngchǎng) — malo obadwirako njira ya Xúwén yophikira ndi nthunzi, malo akulu opangira mtundu wa “Xióng’ōu”, omwe amapereka pafupifupi 40% ya zopangira zonse za chigawocho.

5. Tekinoloji Yopanga:

Tiyi wobiriwira wa Xúwén amapangidwa makamaka ndi njira yophikira ndi nthunzi (蒸青, zhēngqīng), zomwe ndi zachilendo ku China yamakono — njira yomwe inali yofala kwambiri mu nthawi ya Tang (唐, 618–907) ndipo inafotokozedwa ndi Lù Yǔ (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) mu “Kanoni wa Tiyi” (茶经, Chájīng), kenaka inatsala pang’ono kusiyidwa m’malo ndi kukazinga. Ku famu ya Hǎi’ōu kuyambira m’ma 1980, kwa zaka zopitirira khumi, panachitika mayeso opitirira 2800 osiyanasiyana asanapeze njira yabwino koposa yophikira ndi nthunzi yogwirizana ndi zopangira za kwanuko.

1. Kukolola (采摘 — cǎizhāi): Kukolola pamanja kwa mphukira zazing’ono za muyezo wa “mphukira imodzi — masamba awiri” (kwa mtundu waukulu) kapena “mphukira imodzi — tsamba limodzi” (kwa mtundu wapadera).
2. Kuphikira ndi nthunzi (蒸汽杀青 — zhēngqì shāqīng): Gawo lofunikira — kuletsa zobiriwira ndi nthunzi pa kutentha kwa 100 °C. Kuchitira nthunzi kwakutentha kwambiri kwa kanthawi kochepa kumaimitsa nthawi yomwe ma enzyme, ndikuletsa njira za okosijeni. Njira ya “kutentha kwakukulu — nthawi yaifupi” (高温短时, gāowēn duǎnshí) imathandiza kuti chlorophyll ndi fungo latsopano zisungidwe bwino, ndikuchepetsa kukoma kwa udzu.
3. Kupotokola mwamphamvu (粗揉 — cūróu): Kuwumba koyamba kwa tsamba, kuyamba kutulutsa madzi a mkati mwa maselo.
4. Kupotokola kapakati (中揉 — zhōngróu): Kuonjezera kukhazikika ndi kusintha mawonekedwe.
5. Kupotokola kosalala (精揉 — jīngróu): Kuwumba komaliza — gawo lamakina lomwe limapereka kuti tiyi wosweka akhale wochepera 3% ndipo kuwongoka kwake kumawonjezeka ndi 40% poyerekeza ndi kupotokola pamanja.
6. Kuuma (干燥 — gānzào): Magawo awiri: kuumitsa koyamba pa 120 °C (初烘, chū hōng), kenako kuumitsa mpaka chinyezi chokhazikika pa 90 °C (足干, zú gān).

Kupatula pa mtundu waukulu wophikidwa ndi nthunzi, gawo laling’ono la zopangira limapangidwa ngati tiyi wobiriwira wokazingidwa (炒青绿茶, chǎoqīng lǜchá) — ndi njira yachikhalidwe yokazingira pa poto, yomwe imapereka kukoma kokhazikika komanso kokwanira, koyenera kwa tiyi wamba.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva:

• Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Mawonekedwe — mizere yowongoka, yolimba, yofanana (条索紧直匀整, tiáosuǒ jǐnzhí yúnzhěng). Tsitsi (hao) silonekera kwambiri. Mtundu — wobiriwira kwambiri wa emerald ndi kuwala kwa mafuta (色泽翠绿光润, sèzé cuìlǜ guāng rùn).
• Fungo la masamba owuma: Fungo loyera la zomera (清香, qīngxiāng) ndi zonunkhira zotentha za mtedza wa chestnut (栗香, lìxiāng) ndi kachidindo kake ka ayodini-kamene kakusakaniza ndi nyanja, ngati ndere zatsopano (海藻鲜香, hǎizǎo xiānxiāng) — chikhalidwe chapadera chifukwa cha kuyandikira kwa nyanja.
• Fungo la mankhwala: Lofanana — loyera, latsopano, lokhala ndi maziko a chestnut ndi mawu am’mbali a nyanja. Fungo limakhalabe mu kapu yozizira kwa mphindi zopitirira 20 (冷杯留香 > 20分钟).
• Kukoma: Kutsitsimuka kowoneka bwino ndi kunyowa (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), chifukwa cha ma amino acid omwe ali bwino. Mawonekedwe osalala, onenepa ngati mafuta (甘滑, gānhuá) pomwe ma polyphenols ali ochepa. Kuwa pang’ono kopanda mkwapulo (微苦无涩, wēi kǔ wú sè). Kukoma kotsekemera kwa nthawi yayitali pambuyo pake (回甘持久, huígān chíjiǔ).
• Mtundu wa mankhwala: Wonyezimira, woyera, wobiriwira kwambiri (汤色清澈绿亮, tāngsè qīngchè lǜ liàng).
• Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophika): Masamba ofewa, ofanana, omwe amatseguka ngati “maluwa” athunthu, amtundu wa chikasu-wobiriwira ndipo amaoneka amoyo, atsopano (叶底嫩匀成朵，黄绿鲜活).

7. Zomwe Zili M’kati (Chemical):

• Ma Polyphenols (catechins): Ma polyphenols a tiyi amakhala 25–30% ya kulemera kowuma — chizindikiro cha mitundu ya masamba akulu a madera otentha. Catechins ochuluka amapereka mphamvu zotsutsana ndi okosijeni.
• Ma Amino acids (kuphatikiza L-theanine): M’tiyi wa kumayambiriro kwa masika, ali ochuluka ndi 15% kuposa ana ake ochokera m’madera amkati, zomwe zimalongosola “kutsitsimuka” ndi “kunyowa” kwakukulu kwa kukoma.
• Ma Alkaloids: Kafeini (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn) m’milingo yodziwika bwino ya tiyi wobiriwira; theobromine ndi theophylline m’mitundu yochepa.
• Mavitamini: Vitamini C (yochuluka kuwirikiza 1.2 kuposa tiyi wobiriwira wamba), mavitamini a gulu B.
• Mchere: Chifukwa cha dothi la laterite la mapiri ophulika, tiyi amakhala ndi selenium (Se) wambiri, komanso fluoride (F) — kuchuluka kwake kumathandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi mazinyo owola. Palinso potaziyamu, manganizi ndi ma trace elements ena ochokera ku mapiri ophulika.
• Mafuta ofunikira: Amayambitsa kununkhira kwake kwapadera kwa “nyanja” ndi kukhalitsa kwa fungo mu kapu yozizira.
• Zapadera za zomwe zili: Mulingo wopanda zotsalira za mankhwala ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha chitsimikizo cha “chakudya chobiriwira”. Kuphatikiza kwa ma polyphenols ochuluka a zopangira za masamba akulu ndi ma amino acid ochulukirapo a malo otentha kumapanga kusanja kosazolowereka kwa tiyi wobiriwira: mphamvu zolimbana ndi okosijeni pomwe mkwapulo ndi wochepa.

8. Mapinduwa:

• Chitetezo cha Antioxidant: Catechins ochuluka (25–30%) amapereka mphamvu yayikulu yotsekereza ma free radicals.

• Polimbana ndi Mazino Owola: Fluoride yochuluka imapanga chotetezera pa enamel ya mazino; malinga ndi opanga, mphamvu yolimbana ndi mazino owola ndi 30% yoposa tiyi wobiriwira wamba.

• Kusamalira Kagayidwe: Ma polyphenols a tiyi amathandizira kuphwanya mafuta, ndipo Vitamini C yochuluka imalimbitsa njira zonse za kagayidwe.

• Mphamvu Yofatsa Yotonthoza: Kafeini pamodzi ndi L-theanine imapereka mphamvu yokhazikika, yotalikirapo popanda kukwera mwadzidzidzi ndi kutsika.

• Ukhondo wa Zachilengedwe: Mulingo wopanda zotsalira za mankhwala umachepetsa kwambiri katundu wa poizoni, zomwe ndizofunika makamaka ngati amamwa tsiku ndi tsiku.

• Kusamalira Kagayidwe Kachakudya: Mulingo wochepa wa ma polyphenols umathandizira mmimba pambuyo pa chakudya.

• Chofunika: Mapinduwa ndi ofotokozera okha, osati malangizo a zachipatala.

9. Kaphikidwe:

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C pa tiyi wamba; 75 °C pa mtundu wapadera (特级), kuti asawononge mphukira zofewa.

• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: Chiyerekezo cha 1:50 (pafupifupi 3 g pa 150 ml).

• Chombo: Kapu yagalasi ndi chosankha chabwino, chomwe chimalola kuona “zobiriwira zitatu” (三绿). Gàiwǎn yoyera ya bakelite (盖碗, gàiwǎn) nayo ndi yoyenera.

• Kachitidwe:

  1. Tenthetsani chombo ndi madzi otentha.
  2. Njira ya “kutsanulira pamwamba” (上投法, shàngtóu fǎ): choyamba tsanulani madzi otentha oyenera, kenaka ikani tiyi mosamala. Njira imeneyi imateteza mphukira zofewa.
  3. Mphika woyamba — masekondi 20.
  4. Pa kutsanulira kulikonse kotsatira, wonjezerani masekondi 10.
  5. Tiyi amalola kutsanulira katatu kokwanira.

• Malangizo a kumwa: Pewani kumwa pa mimba yopanda kanthu (kafeini ikhoza kukwiyitsa m’mimba); nthawi yabwino ndi ola limodzi pambuyo pa chakudya. Mulingo watsiku ndi tsiku — osapitirira 600 ml. Kusiyana pakati pa kumwa tiyi ndi mankhwala (makamaka a chitsulo) — osachepera ola limodzi, chifukwa ma tannins akhoza kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa chitsulo.

10. Kasungidwe:

• Paketi yotsekedwa bwino, kutetezedwa ku kuwala, fungo lina, ndi chinyezi.
• Kutentha kwabwino — 0–5 °C (m’firiji); monga tiyi wina wambiri wobiriwira, kusungira kozizira ndikofunikira kwambiri kusunga kutsitsimuka, makamaka kwa kukolola koyambirira kwa masika.
• Pakatsegulidwa, tiyi akuyenera kumwedwa mkati mwa miyezi 3 — pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi zonunkhira zimayamba kutha.
• Pakutsegula paketi yomwe inali m’firiji, iyenera kutenthedwa mpaka kutentha kwapakati pomwe ili yotsekedwa, kuti madzi asakhale pa tsamba.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

• Ndondomeko ya mitengo (mitengo ya msika, RMB pa jin / 500 g):
  • Wapadera (特级): kuyambira 400 yuan — mphukira zonse kapena “mphukira imodzi — tsamba limodzi”, lonunkhira kwambiri ndi latsopano.
  • Woyamba (一级): 150–300 yuan — “mphukira imodzi — masamba awiri”, mankhwala obiriwira owala, kukoma kwatsopano kokwanira.
  • Wamba (大宗茶): mpaka 80 yuan — “mphukira imodzi — masamba atatu”, kusakaniza kolimba kwambiri, koyenera tiyi wa m’mathumba.
• Zomwe zimakhudza mtengo: Nyengo yokolola (kumayambiriro kwa masika ndi okwera mtengo), muyezo wa kukolola, mtundu (“Xióng’ōu” ndi “Yǒngshì” ndi odziwika kwambiri), kukhalapo kwa chitsimikizo cha “chakudya chobiriwira”.
• Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
  • Gulani kwa ogulitsa odalirika ndi ogulitsa ovomerezeka a mitundu ya “Xióng’ōu” (雄鸥) ndi “Yǒngshì” (勇士).
  • Onani kukhalapo kwa chitsimikizo cha “chakudya chobiriwira” ndi chizindikiro cha malo ochokera.
  • Onani “zobiriwira zitatu” zake — tsamba louma, mankhwala, ndi pansi pa tiyi ziyenera kukhala zobiriwira kwambiri.
  • Samalani ndi fungo la “nyanja” — zonyenga zochokera m’madera ena nthawi zambiri zilibe kachidindo kameneka.
  • Mtengo wotsika mokayikitsa ndi chifukwa chokayikira zenizeni zake.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

• Xúwén ndi amodzi mwa madera ochepa ku China omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuphikira ndi nthunzi (蒸青) pamlingo wa mafakitale. Njira imeneyi, yomwe inafotokozedwa ndi Lù Yǔ m’zaka za zana la 8 ndipo kenako anaitengera ku Japan ndi amonke achi Buddha, ku China kunatsala pang’ono kusiyidwa ndi kukazinga. Alimi a tiyi ku Xúwén adatsitsimutsa ukadaulo wakale powukhazikitsa pazopangira zatsopano ndi nyengo, ndipo anachita mayeso opitirira 2800 m’zaka khumi.
• Chigawo cha Xúwén ndiye kumapeto kwenikweni kum’mwera kwa dziko la China, doko lakale loyambirira la Nyanja ya Silk Road. Kumeneku kunali malo otchedwera olemba odziwika — Sū Shì (苏轼, Sū Shì) ndi wolemba zisudzo wamkulu Tāng Xiǎnzǔ (汤显祖, Tāng Xiǎnzǔ), yemwe anakhazikitsa kuno academy ya Guìshēng (贵生书院, Guìshēng Shūyuàn).
• Minda ya tiyi ya Xúwén ili mkati mwa zigwa za mapiri ophulika akale (田洋火山口, tiányáng huǒshānkǒu), zomwe zimapatsa dothi mchere wapadera ndipo zimatsimikizira kukoma kwa “nyanja” kwa tiyi.
• Chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha, nyengo yokolola imakhala mpaka miyezi 10 — iyi ndi imodzi mwa nyengo zazitali kwambiri zokolola pakati pa madera onse opangira tiyi ku China. Tiyi wa kumayambiriro kwa masika amafika pamsika masiku 1-2.5 miyezi kale kuposa tiyi wa mumtsinje wa Yangtze.
• Mu 1992, tiyi wobiriwira wa Xúwén anawonetsedwa pa “Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse wa Dziko Lapansi” ku Rio de Janeiro ngati chizindikiro cha ulimi wopanda mankhwala wa China — tiyi yekhayo wa m’dzikolo yemwe adalandira udindo wotere pa msonkhano umenewu.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina Wobiriwira:

• Ēnshī Yùlù (恩施玉露, Ēnshī Yùlù): Tiyi wakale wa zhēngqīng wochokera ku chigawo cha Húběi. Tiyi onsewa amapangidwa ndi njira yophikira ndi nthunzi, koma Ēnshī Yùlù amamera m’mapiri (600–1200 m), m’nyengo yotentha yocheperako, ndipo amakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu la mtedza ndi kukoma kwa udzu. Tiyi wa Xúwén, mosiyana, amadziwika ndi fungo la “nyanja” ndi ma polyphenols ochuluka chifukwa cha masamba akulu otentha.
• Japanese Sencha (煎茶, Sencha): Wofanana kwambiri ndi ukadaulo — ndi sencha ya ku Japan yophikidwa ndi nthunzi. Komabe, mwambo wa ku Japan umaphatikiza kuphikira nthawi yayitali (makamaka fukamushi), kuvindikira tchire la tiyi, ndi kupotokola kwapadera komaliza kotchedwa “seiju”. Tiyi wa Xúwén alibe kukoma komweko kwa umami, koma ali ndi khalidwe lowala komanso la “dzuwa” lotengera malo otentha.
• Gǔláo Chá (古劳茶, Gǔláo Chá): Tiyi wina wobiriwira wodziwika ku Guǎngdōng, wochokera ku chigawo cha Hèshān (鹤山). Ndi tiyi wamba wobiriwira wokazingidwa (炒青) wokhala ndi kukoma kokhazikika komanso kokwanira. Tiyi wa Xúwén wophikidwa ndi nthunzi ndi watsopano komanso “woyera” panunkhira.
• Láoshān Lǜchá (崂山绿茶, Láoshān Lǜchá): Tiyi wobiriwira wochokera ku Shāndōng, womera pafupi ndi nyanja. Ali ndi kachidindo kofanana ka “nyanja”, koma amapangidwa ndi njira yokazingira, amakhwima pansi pa kutentha kwapachaka kochepa ndipo ali ndi nyengo yaifupi yokolola. Kukoma kwa tiyi wa Láoshān — mtedza wa chestnut komanso wokhazikika.

Pomaliza:

Xúwén Lǜchá ndi tiyi wobiriwira wokhala ndi umunthu wowoneka bwino, wophatikiza ukadaulo wakale wophikira ndi nthunzi ndi malo owetera m’malo otentha a mapiri ophulika pafupi ndi nyanja. “Zobiriwira zitatu” zake — tsamba la emerald, mankhwala obiriwira owonekera, ndi pansi pa tiyi latsopano lowala — zimasangalatsa maso, ndipo fungo lake lapadera la “mphepo ya nyanja” silingasokonezedwe ndi tiyi wina aliyense wobiriwira ku China. Tiyi uyu umakondweretsa makamaka iwo amene amayamikira kutsitsimuka ndi kuyera kwa kukoma, akufunafuna njira ina yosiyana ndi tiyi wamba wobiriwira wokazingidwa, ndipo ali ndi chidwi ndi kalembedwe ka kuphikira ndi nthunzi komwe nkosoweka ku China. Phikani ndi madzi ofewa, musatenthetse mopitirira muyeso — ndipo Xúwén Lǜchá adzakupatsani “kunyowa kwa nthaka ndi mpweya wa nyanja” kumene kumatchuka kumapeto kum’mwera kwa Middle Kingdom.