Tiyi Wobiriŵira wa Mphukira ya Chipale

Xue Ya Lü Cha (雪芽绿茶, xuě yá lǜchá) ndi dzina lophatikizira ma tiyi obiriŵira opangidwa kuchokera ku mphukira zoyambirira kwambiri, zosakhwima (ma tipusi), zokutidwa ndi ubweya woyera wa siliva wochuluka kwambiri womwe ukumbutsa chisanu kapena chipale chofewa. Dzina lakuti “Mphukira ya Chipale” (雪芽) liri ndi matanthauzo aŵiri: tanthauzo lenileni — mphukira zimatoledwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, pamene m’minda ya tiyi ya m’mapiri muli chipale chofewa (ndipo apa pachokera chithunzithunzi cha ndakatulo chakuti “芽新抽雪茗” — “mphukira zatsopano zophukira kuchokera pansi pa chipale chofewa”, wolemba ndakatulo wachimonke wa m’badwo wa Tang, Jia Dao, 贾岛), ndi tanthauzo lofanizira — ubweya woyera wochuluka (白毫, báiháo) umaphimba ma tipusi ngati chipale chofewa chatsopano. “Xue Ya” si tiyi wa dera linalake, koma ndi gulu la ma tiyi obiriŵira apamwamba kwambiri a “mphukira” (芽茶, yáchá), lomwe limaphatikiza ma tiyi odziŵika ochokera m’madera osiyanasiyana. Oimira odziŵika kwambiri ndi awa: Emei Xue Ya (峨眉雪芽, Sichuan — phiri la Chibuda la Emeishan, cholowa cha dziko la UNESCO), Qingcheng Xue Ya (青城雪芽, Sichuan — phiri la Chitao la Qingchengshan, cholowa cha dziko la UNESCO), Yangxian Xue Ya (阳羡雪芽, Jiangsu — Yixing, gongcha wa m’badwo wa Tang) ndi Guiding Xue Ya (贵定雪芽, Guizhou). Iliyonse imasonyeza malo ake ndi chikhalidwe cha dera lake, koma zonse zimagwirizana ndi mfundo imodzi: “mphukira ya chipale” ndiye chinthu chosakhwima kwambiri, choyambirira kwambiri komanso “chaubweya” kwambiri chomwe chitsamba cha tiyi chingapereke.

Mkhalidwe wa nkhani: Ino ndi nkhani yofotokoza mwachidule (yachidziŵitso) ya mtundu wa “mphukira ya chipale” (雪芽). Ma tiyi enieni a malo afotokozedwa m’nkhani zina za encyclopedia: Emei Xue Ya, Qingcheng Xue Ya, Guiding Xue Ya, Guangxi Xue Ya ndi ena.

1. Magawidwe ndi Tanthauzo:

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriŵira (绿茶, lǜchá). Gulu laling’ono — “tiyi wa mphukira” (芽茶, yáchá): tiyi wopangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku mphukira imodzi (ma tipusi) kapena mphukira yokhala ndi katsamba kakang’ono kamene kangophukira kumene. “Xue Ya” ndi limodzi mwa magulu angapo a “mphukira” limodzi ndi “Mao Jian” (毛尖, “nsonga zaubweya”), “Mao Feng” (毛峰, “nsonga zazitali zaubweya”) ndi “Que She” (雀舌, “lilime la mpheta”). Chizindikiro chosiyanitsa cha “Xue Ya” ndicho kugogomezera maonekedwe a “chipale chofewa” (ubweya woyera wochuluka) ndi nthawi yokololera yoyambirira kwambiri.

• Zizindikiro zofotokozera: Mphukira zazing’ono, zosatseguka (ma tipusi), zokutidwa ndi ubweya wa siliva woyera (白毫). Maonekedwe — achilengedwe kapena otambasuka pang’ono, osapindika kwambiri (kuti asawononge ubweya). Mtundu — kuchokera ku wobiriŵira wopepuka kufika ku wobiriŵira wa siliva wonyezimira ngati “ngale”. Kununkhira — kofewa kwambiri, kotsekemera, ndi kuwawa kochepa kwambiri. Fungo — lofewa, lamaluwa-udzu.

• Tanthauzo la dzina: 雪 (xuě) — “chipale chofewa”; 芽 (yá) — “mphukira”, “kamera”; 绿茶 (lǜchá) — “tiyi wobiriŵira”. Tanthauzo lonse: “Tiyi wobiriŵira wochokera ku mphukira za chipale chofewa.” Dzinali limasonyeza nthawi imodzi nthawi ya kukolola (kumayambiriro kwa masika, chipale chofewa sichinasungunuke m’mapiri), ndi maonekedwe (ubweya woyera pa mphukira ngati chipale chofewa), ndi kumva m’kamwa (kuyeretsedwa ndi kutsitsimuka, “ngati chipale chofewa choyamba”).

• Kufalikira kwa malo: Mawonekedwe a “雪芽” sakumangirizidwa ku dera limodzi — amapezeka ku Sichuan (Emeishan, Qingchengshan), Jiangsu (Yixing), Guizhou (Guiding), Guangxi, Henan, Shandong ndi madera ena. Mukamagula “Xue Ya Lü Cha” popanda kutchula dera, muyenera kufunsa komwe adachokera.

2. Oimira Akuluakulu a “Xue Ya” ndi Makhalidwe Awo:

• Emei Xue Ya (峨眉雪芽, Éméi Xuě Yá): Sichuan, phiri la Emeishan (峨眉山), 800–1500 m. Ndiye “Xue Ya” wodziŵika kwambiri komanso wopambana pazamalonda. Kupanga kumachitika pamtunda wa chipilala cha UNESCO cha cholowa cha dziko; mitundu yoposa 5000 ya zomera zakuthengo imapanga chilengedwe chapadera cha “林茶共生” (lín chá gòng shēng, “nkhalango ndi tiyi zimakhala limodzi”). Mu 2010, adalandira mphoto yapadziko lonse ya “Tiyi Wokongola wa Padziko Lonse” (世界佳茗大奖) — tiyi yekhayo wobiriŵira wa ku China waku mainland yemwe ali ndi udindo woterowo. Miyambo ya Tang: wolemba ndakatulo Jia Dao adamuyamika monga “芽新抽雪茗” (“mphukira zatsopano zochokera mu tiyi wa chipale chofewa”); Lu You (陆游) adamufanizira ndi Guzhu Chunsun wodziŵika bwino: “雪芽近自峨眉得，不减红囊顾渚春” — “Mphukira za chipale changofika kumene kuchokera ku Emei, sizichepera Guzhu ya m’chaka mu thumba lofiira.” Mu m’badwo wa Qing, adakhala gongcha wa nyumba yachifumu. Khalidwe: “扁、平、滑、直、尖” — “lathyathyathya, losalala, lowongoka, losongoka”. Fungo — “loyera ndi lolemekezeka” (清香馥郁); kununkhira — “kopepuka ndi kosalala” (清醇淡雅). Mwambo wachibuda: amonke a ku Emeishan amapanga tiyi ngati mwambo wa “禅茶一味” (chan ndi tiyi ndi canthu chimodzi).

• Qingcheng Xue Ya (青城雪芽, Qīngchéng Xuě Yá): Sichuan, phiri la Qingchengshan (青城山), 1000–1200 m. Phiri la Chitao, “Phiri Lokhala Chete Pansi pa Thambo” (青城天下幽). Cholowa cha dziko cha UNESCO. Tiyi wochokera ku mitengo yakale, wokololedwa m’masiku a Qingming. Maonekedwe — “秀丽微曲, 白毫显露” (“wopindika mwachisomo, wokhala ndi ubweya woyera wochuluka”). Fungo — “高味爽” (“lalikulu ndi lotsitsimula”). Ma amino acid — 484.29 mg/100 g — chimodzi mwa zisonyezo zapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wobiriŵira. Chikhalidwe cha Chitao: tiyi ngati chida cha “养生” (yǎngshēng, “kulera moyo”). Adalembedwa mu “National Catalogue of Special and Excellent New Agricultural Products” (全国名特优新农产品目录).

• Yangxian Xue Ya (阳羡雪芽, Yángxiàn Xuě Yá): Jiangsu, Yixing (宜兴, Yíxīng). Kupitiriza kwa mwambo wakale kwambiri wa tiyi wa ku Yixing — mzinda umene mu m’badwo wa Tang unali limodzi mwa malo aŵiri opangira gongcha wa mfumu (limodzi ndi Changxing). Gongcha wa Tang wa Yangxian Cha (阳羡茶) amatchulidwa ndi Lu Yu. Yangxian Xue Ya wamakono ndiye mtundu wokonzedwanso. Maonekedwe — “紧直匀细, 翠绿显毫” (“othina, owongoka, ofanana, ochepa, obiriŵira ngati emerald ndi ubweya”). Fungo — “清雅” (“loyera ndi lofewa”). Yixing ndinso kwawo kwa dothi lodziŵika la Yixing ndi zitsambuliro za “Zisha” (紫砂壶); komabe, “Xue Ya” wofewa samathiridwa mmenemo, koma mu kapu yagalasi.

• Guiding Xue Ya (贵定雪芽, Guìdìng Xuě Yá): Guizhou, chigawo cha Guiding (贵定县). Tiyi wa kumapiri a Guizhou wochokera kumadera a “mapiri a mitambo ndi chifunga”. Wosadziŵika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ofanana a ku Sichuan, koma wokhala ndi khalidwe loonekera la “kumapiri”, lobwera chifukwa cha malo apadera a miyala ya limestone ku Guizhou.

• Guangxi Xue Ya (广西雪芽, Guǎngxī Xuě Yá): Chigawo Chodzilamulira cha Guangxi Zhuang. “Xue Ya” wakummwera wochokera kumadera a kotentha. Wochepa “chipale chofewa” pa chithunzithunzi chowoneka (nyengo ndi yotentha), koma wokhala ndi ubweya wochuluka komanso kufewa kwa “Guangxi” kodziŵika.

3. Chifukwa Chake “Xue Ya” Amatola mu Chipale Chofewa:

Khalidwe lapadera la “Xue Ya” ndiko kutolera m’mikhalidwe imene m’munda wa tiyi wa m’mapiri mudakali chipale chofewa. Izi si chifanizo: pa Emeishan (800–1500 m) ndi Qingchengshan (1000–1200 m), chipale chofewa chimaphimba minda ya tiyi kuyambira Novembala mpaka Marichi. Mphukira zimayamba kuphukira kumapeto kwa February — kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, pamene chipale chofewa chikungoyamba kusungunuka. Njira ya biological: m’nyengo yozizira, chitsamba cha tiyi chimasunga ma amino acid (makamaka L-theanine) monga zinthu zoteteza khungo — zinthu zoteteza maselo kuti asazizidwe. Mphukira zoyamba za m’chaka zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid kochuluka kwambiri komanso kochepa kwa ma polyphenol (omwe amadza pambuyo pake, kutentha kukakwera). Zotsatira zake ndi kutsekemera kwapadera ndi kufewa kwa kununkhira, kusowa kotheratu kwa kuwawa. Izi ndi zimene olemba ndakatulo a m’badwo wa Tang ankazitcha “芽新抽雪茗” — “mphukira zobadwa kuchokera mu chipale chofewa.”

Pa Emeishan, chodabwitsa ichi chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera chifukwa cha “华西雨屏” (Huaxi Yuping, “Chotchingira Mvula cha Kumadzulo kwa China”) — chodabwitsa cha zanyengo chapadera, pomwe chifunga (masiku oposa 140), chisanu cha mvula (masiku oposa 130) ndi chinsalu cha chipale chofewa (masiku oposa 130) zimasinthana chaka chonse, kupereka kwa zitsamba za tiyi chinyezi chokhazikika ndi kuunika kobalalika.

4. Mikhalidwe Yofanana ya Luso la “Xue Ya”:

Mosatengera dera, kupanga “Xue Ya” kumatsata mfundo imodzi: kuteteza mokwanira umphumphu wa mphukira ndi ubweya woyera (白毫). Izi zimapereka zoletsa pa siteji iliyonse:

• Kutola: Kokha ndi dzanja, kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa masika (patsogolo kapena pambuyo pa Qingming). Muyezo — mphukira imodzi kapena mphukira + katsamba kamodzi kamene kangophukira kumene. Kutola kumachitika m’mawa, pamene mame auma kale. Mphukira zimayikidwa mu madengu ansungwi osapanikizika — kukanikiza kulikonse kumaphwanya ubweya.

• Kuyanika pang’ono: Mochenjera kwambiri, wosanjikiza wochepa, osagwedezeka — kuti asawononge ubweya.

• Kukhazikitsa kwa zaubiriŵira: Mofulumira komanso mochenjera — mphukira zosakhwima siziyenera “kuwotchedwa”. Kutentha ndi kochepa poyerekeza ndi tiyi wobiriŵira wamasamba.

• Kupindika: Kochepa kapena kulibe — mphukira zimasunga maonekedwe achilengedwe. Apa pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwa “Xue Ya” ndi “Mao Jian” (kumene kupindika kuli koonekera) ndi “Long Jing” (kumene tsamba limaphwanyidwa).

• Kuumitsa: Mochenjera, pa kutentha koyenera, m’magawo angapo. Cholinga ndicho kukhazikitsa maonekedwe ndi fungo, osaumitsa mopitirira.

5. Kuthira Mitundu ya Tiyi ya Gulu la “Xue Ya”:

• Kutentha: 70–80 °C — kotsika poyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wobiriŵira. Mphukira zosakhwima “zimawotchedwa” pa kutentha >80 °C, ndipo chopondapo chimakhala chowawa.

• Mbale: Kapu yagalasi — ndiyo yabwino kwambiri: imalola kuwonera “kuvina” kwa mphukira, zomwe zimamira pang’onopang’ono m’madzi, “kupachikika” choyimirira ndikutseguka pang’onopang’ono. Uwu ndi umodzi mwa miyambo yokongola kwambiri ya tiyi. Sizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito zitsambuliro za ku Yixing — porousity yake “imatenga” fungo lofewa.

• Mulingo: 3–5 g pa 150–200 ml. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphukira, kuchuluka kwa “Xue Ya” pa kulemera komweko ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa tiyi wamasamba.

• Nthawi: Choyamba — mphindi 1–2. Zithiri 3–5 ndikuwonjezera nthawi pang’onopang’ono.

6. Gome Loyerekeza la “Xue Ya” Akuluakulu:

• Emei Xue Ya: Sichuan, 800–1500 m | Phiri lachibuda | “Lathyathyathya, losalala, lowongoka” | “Loyera ndi lolemekezeka” | Cholowa cha dziko cha UNESCO, “世界佳茗”
• Qingcheng Xue Ya: Sichuan, 1000–1200 m | Phiri lachitao | “Wopindika mwachisomo” | “Lalikulu ndi lotsitsimula” | AK 484 mg/100 g, cholowa cha dziko cha UNESCO
• Yangxian Xue Ya: Jiangsu, 200–600 m | Kwawo kwa dothi la Yixing | “Wowongoka, wofanana, wochepa” | “Loyera ndi lofewa” | Gongcha wa Tang, Lu Yu
• Guiding Xue Ya: Guizhou, 800–1400 m | Mapiri a miyala ya limestone | Wamphukira, ndi ubweya | “Wamapiri”, “wamchere” | Dera lapamwamba la Guizhou
• Guangxi Xue Ya: Guangxi, 400–800 m | Kummwera kotentha | Wamphukira, wofewa | “Wofewa”, “wamaluwa” | “Xue Ya” wakummwera

7. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:

• Ndakatulo ya “Mphukira za Chipale”: Wolemba ndakatulo wachimonke wa m’badwo wa Tang, Jia Dao (贾岛), mu ndakatulo yotchedwa “Kuperekeza Zhu Xiu akubwerera ku Jiangnan” (《送朱休归剑南》), analemba: “芽新抽雪茗” — “Mphukira zatsopano zophukira kuchokera mu tiyi wa chipale chofewa.” Uku ndi kumodzi mwa mayankhulidwe akale kwambiri olembedwa a “Xue Ya” (zaka za m’ma 800). Jia Dao sanapite ku Emeishan, koma mu likulu la Chang’an adalawa “Mphukira za Chipale” — umboni wakuti tiyi uja ankadziŵika mu ufumu wonse.

• “Sizichepera Guzhu”: Wolemba ndakatulo wa m’badwo wa Song, Lu You (陆游) — mbadwa ya “woyera wa tiyi” Lu Yu — atalawa Emei Xue Ya adafuula: “雪芽近自峨眉得，不减红囊顾渚春” — “Mphukira za chipale changofika kumene kuchokera ku Emei — sizichepera Guzhu ya m’chaka mu thumba lofiira.” Guzhu Chunsun (顾渚紫笋) — ndi gongcha wodziŵika kwambiri wa Tang. Kufanizira naye — ndiko kutamandidwa kwakukulu.

• Chibuda + Chitao = ma “Xue Ya” aŵiri: Ma “Xue Ya” akuluakulu aŵiri a ku Sichuan amachokera ku “mapiri opatulika” aŵiri: Emeishan ndi limodzi mwa mapiri anayi akuluakulu achibuda (phiri la Puxian, 普贤, la maonekedwe anayi), ndipo Qingchengshan ndi kwawo kwa Chitao cha ku China (malo amene Zhang Daoling, 张道陵, adakhazikitsa sukulu ya Tianshidao, 天师道). Choncho, “Xue Ya” ndiye gulu lokhalo la tiyi lomwe limapezeka panthawi imodzi pa “mapiri opatulika” achibuda ndi achitao, onse aŵiri ali malo a UNESCO.

• “Chotchingira Mvula” cha Emeishan: Chodabwitsa cha “华西雨屏” (Huaxi Yuping) ndi chodabwitsa cha zanyengo chapadera, pomwe mitsinje ya mpweya wachinyezi yochokera ku Tibetan Plateau imatchingidwa ndi mzere wa mapiri ndipo “imakhazikika” kumapiri akumadzulo kwa Sichuan Basin. Zotsatira zake — masiku oposa 300 a mitambo, chifunga ndi mvula pachaka. Kwa zitsamba za tiyi, awa ndi mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri: chinyezi chokhazikika, kuwala kobalalika, kusowa kwa dzuwa lachindunji.

• Chifukwa chake mphukira zili ndi ubweya: Ubweya woyera (白毫) pa mphukira za tiyi ndi ma trichome (tsitsi), omwe amagwira ntchito yoteteza: amanyezimira cheza cha ultraviolet ndikusunga chinyezi pamwamba. Chitsamba chikamera pamwamba, ndipamene ubweya umakhala wochuluka kwambiri — uku ndi kusintha kwa cheza champhamvu cha ultraviolet cha m’mapiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake “Xue Ya” wamapiri apamwamba (Emei, Qingcheng) ndi “wa chipale chofewa” kwambiri kuposa wa m’mapiri otsika. Mukathira, ma trichome amapatukana ndikupanga “kufinyira” pang’ono pa chithiri choyamba — izi ndi zachilendo ndipo ndi zofunika.

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:

“Mphukira za chipale” zimatchulidwa mu alchemy ya China yakale: zolemba za Chitao zimatchula “雪芽仙茶” (xuě yá xiān chá, “tiyi wosafa wa mphukira za chipale”) monga chophatikizira cha mankhwala a moyo wautali. Amakhulupirira kuti mphukira zomwe zaphulika kudzera mu chipale chofewa zili ndi “mpweya wamoyo wa m’chaka” (春气, chūn qì) wokhazikika, wokhoza kukonzanso thupi.

Chodabwitsa cha “chipale chofewa cha tiyi”: mukathira “Xue Ya” wabwino mu chotengera chagalasi, mutha kuwona “雪花飘舞” (xuěhuā piāowǔ) — tsitsi loyera limapatuka ku mphukira ndikuzungulira m’madzi ngati timiyala ta chipale chofewa. Chodabwitsa ichi chimaonekera kwambiri pa Emei Xue Ya ndipo chimatengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha chowonadi.

Kukwera kwa rekodi: “Xue Ya” wapamwamba kwambiri amatoleredwa ku Emeishan pa msinkhu wa mamita 1500 — awa ndi malire a ulimi wa tiyi wa m’mafakitale ku Sichuan. Pamwambapa pamamera mitengo ya tiyi yakuthengo yokha, yomwe amonke amatola mphukira zake kuti azigwiritse ntchito m’kachisi — tiyi wotere sagulitsidwa.

Chodabwitsa cha zolemba: ngakhale panali mayankhulidwe a “mphukira za chipale” a m’badwo wa Tang, liwu lenileni “雪芽” monga gulu la tiyi linakhazikitsidwa kokha mu m’badwo wa Ming (1368-1644). Pamenepo ankagwiritsa ntchito mawu ofotokozera: “雪茗” (xuě míng, “tiyi wa chipale chofewa”), “玉芽” (yù yá, “mphukira za jade”), “银针” (yín zhēn, “singano za siliva”).

Zasayansi zamakono: mu 2019, kafukufuku wa Yunivesite ya Zaulimi ya Sichuan adawonetsa kuti mphukira za “Xue Ya” zokololedwa atangotha chipale chofewa zili ndi ma amino acid ochuluka pa 23% kuposa zomwe zidatoleredwa patatha sabata. Izi zimatsimikizira mchitidwe wamwambo wa “追雪采茶” (zhuī xuě cǎi chá, “kuthamangitsa chipale chofewa pokolola tiyi”).

11. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira:

Mtengo wa “Xue Ya” weniweni umatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zitatu: dera lochokera, nthawi yokolola ndi muyezo wa zopangira. Emei Xue Ya wamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri (明前特级, míngqián tèjí) — 3000-8000 yuan/kg; mtundu woyamba — 1500-3000 yuan/kg. Qingcheng Xue Ya ndi wofanana ndi mtengo. Yangxian ndi Guiding ndi otsika mtengo — 800-2000 yuan/kg pa mitundu yapamwamba. Mitengo yogulitsira kumene kuli ofuna ndi yochuluka kaŵiri kapena katatu kuposa ya malonda ochuluka.

Mitundu yayikulu ya zonamizira: 1) Kugwiritsa ntchito zopangira za m’nyengo yachilimwe zokhala ndi ubweya wochita kupangira — mphukira amazithira ndi talc kapena starch kuti aonetse ubweya woyera; 2) Kusintha dera — “Xue Ya” wotsika mtengo wochokera ku Henan kapena Shandong amagulitsidwa ngati Emei; 3) Kuyerekezera ndi makina — mphukira zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zidutswa za masamba; 4) “Kukalamba” — tiyi wa chaka chatha amanenedwa kuti ndi watsopano.

Mmene mungadziŵire chowonadi: ubweya weniweni (白毫) sugwa mukagwedeza ndipo susungunuka m’madzi — umayandama pamwamba; mphukira ziyenera kukhala zathunthu, zofanana kukula (0.8-1.5 cm); fungo la tiyi wouma — loyera, lopanda fungo lachikale; mukathira, mphukira zimamira pang’onopang’ono ndikuyimirira choyimirira; mtundu wa chothiridwa — wobiriŵira wachikaso wowonekera, osati wofinyira.

Malangizo: gulani kwa ogulitsa odalirika okha omwe ali ndi ziphaso za komwe adachokera; funsani kulawa musanagule; ganizirani za phukusi — “Xue Ya” wabwino nthawi zonse amakhala wotsekedwa bwino. Chenjerani ndi mitengo yotsika kwambiri — mtengo wopangira “Xue Ya” weniweni ndi wokwera chifukwa cha ntchito yamanja komanso kutuluka kochepa kwa zopangira (5-6 kg ya mphukira zatsopano zimatulutsa 1 kg ya tiyi womaliza).

10. Kusunga:

“Xue Ya” ndi umodzi mwa tiyi ofewa kwambiri pankhani ya kusunga. Mfundo ya “五防” (wǔ fáng, “zoteteza zisanu”): ku chinyezi (防潮), ku kuwala (防光), ku fungo (防异味), ku mpweya (防氧化) ndi ku kutentha kwakukulu (防高温). Mikhalidwe yabwino: kutentha 0-5°C, chinyezi <50%, mdima wathunthu, phukusi lotsekedwa bwino.

Njira yachikhalidwe: phukusi laŵiri — thumba lamkati la zojambulazo za aluminiyamu za chakudya + thumba lakunja la pepala lolimba kapena chitini cha malata. Sungani mufiriji m’chipinda chosiyana (osati ndi zakudya.). Musanatsegule, thumba liyenera kusungidwa pa kutentha kwa chipinda kwa maola 2-3 — kupewa madzi a condensate.

Nthawi: kumwa koyenera — mkati mwa chaka chimodzi mutapanga. Akasungidwa bwino, amasunga khalidwe lake mpaka miyezi 18. Pambuyo pa zaka 2, amataya kutsitsimuka kwake kodziŵika ndi fungo la “chipale chofewa”, ngakhale amakhalabe oyenera kumwa. “Xue Ya” sanapangidwe kuti asungidwe kwa nthawi yayitali — uyu ndi tiyi wa mphindi, “kununkhira kwa masika mu kapu.”

Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka: kuda kwa mtundu (kuchokera ku wobiriŵira wa siliva kupita ku wachikasu-bulauni), kutha kwa ubweya woyera, fungo lachikale, kununkhira kowawa ngakhale atathira moyenera. Mukamagula, ganizirani za tsiku lopangira — tiyi wa chaka chino nthawi zonse ndi wabwino.

9. Kuthira:

Kuthira “Xue Ya” ndi luso la kusunga kufewa. Mfundo yayikulu: “宁淡勿浓” (nìng dàn wù nóng) — “kulibwino kukhala wochepa, osati wamphamvu.” Kutentha koyenera kwa madzi — 75-80°C (pa Emei Xue Ya mutha 70-75°C). Kuzindikira popanda thermometer: madzi ayenera kutulutsa phokoso la “蟹眼” (xiè yǎn, “maso a nkhanu”) — tithovu tating’ono pansi, koma osati “鱼眼” (yú yǎn, “maso a nsomba”) — kuwira kwakukulu.

Njira ya “上投法” (shàng tóu fǎ, “kuponyera pamwamba”): choyamba, thirani madzi otentha pa 2/3 ya kapu, kenako ikani mosamala mphukira za tiyi pamwamba. Mphukira zimalowa madzi pang’onopang’ono ndikumira choyimirira — chodabwitsa cha “雪芽立水” (xuě yá lì shuǐ, “mphukira za chipale zimayima m’madzi”). Izi sizokongola chabe, komanso zothandiza: manyowa pang’onopang’ono amateteza “kudzidzimuka” kwa mphukira zosakhwima.

Miyeso: 3g pa 150ml poyamba kudziŵa, 4-5g pa kununkhira kokwanira. Nthawi yothira: chithiri choyamba — masekondi 90, chachiwiri — masekondi 60, chachitatu — masekondi 90, kenako onjezerani masekondi 30. “Xue Ya” wabwino amapirira zithiri 4-6. Chofunika: osasiya motalika kwambiri — kuwawa kudzaoneka, zomwe zidzawononge chidwi cha tiyi.

Mbale: kapu yagalasi yowonekera (玻璃杯, bōli bēi) yotalika 10-15cm — ndiye muyezo wa golide. Gaiwan ya porcelain ndi yovomerezeka, koma imalepheretsa chisangalalo chokongola. Zitsambuliro zadothi sizovomerezeka mtheradi — dothi lotsekemera “limadya” fungo lofewa.

8. Zopindulitsa:

Mitundu ya tiyi ya gulu la “Xue Ya” ili ndi kuchuluka kwapadera kwa zakudya zopindulitsa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mphukira zoyambirira za m’chaka zokha. Kusanthula kwa biochemical kumawonetsa: ma amino acid — mpaka 484.29 mg/100g (Qingcheng Xue Ya), zomwe ndi kawiri kapena katatu kuposa chiŵerengero chapakati cha tiyi wobiriŵira; ma polyphenol — 15-20% (kuchuluka koyenera kumapereka kufewa kwa kununkhira); caffeine — 2,5-3,5% (zotsitsimula popanda kudzutsa mopambanitsa); vitamini C — mpaka 250 mg/100g. Chiyerekezo chapadera cha ma amino acid ku ma polyphenol (1:3-4 poyerekeza ndi 1:6-8 wamba) chimatsimikizira kutsekemera kodziŵika ndi kusowa kwa kukwiya.

Mankhwala achikhalidwe a ku China amaika “Xue Ya” m’gulu la “清热解毒” (qīngrè jiědú) — “otsuka kutentha ndi kuchotsa poizoni.” Mphukira zoyambirira za m’chaka zimatengedwa ngati “zoyera” kwambiri (清, qīng) ndipo zimatha “kuunikira” (明, míng) thupi. Mwambo wa Chitao wa ku Qingchengshan umagwiritsa ntchito “Xue Ya” wa kumaloko m’zochita za “养生” (yǎngshēng, “kulera moyo”): tiyi amamwa pang’ono pang’ono tsiku lonse kuti asunge “清静” (qīngjìng, “kuyeretsedwa ndi mtendere”) wa malingaliro. Amonke achibuda a ku Emeishan amaphatikiza “Xue Ya” m’miyambo yawo yam’mawa monga njira yopezera “定” (dìng, samadhi).

Kafukufuku wamakono amatsimikizira: kuchuluka kwa L-theanine (mpaka 2,5%) kumathandiza kupumula popanda kugona, kumawonjezera kukhazikika kwa chidwi; ma catechin a EGCG ali ndi mphamvu ya antioxidant; kumwa pafupipafupi kumachepetsa mulingo wa cholesterol ndikuthandizira kukhazikika kwa mitsempha. Khalidwe lapadera la “Xue Ya” — kupsinjika kochepa kwa m’mimba chifukwa cha kutsika kwa ma tannin, zomwe zimalola kumwa tiyi pamimba yopanda kanthu.