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Tiyi Wofiira wa Xinyi He Luo

Xìnyí hé luó hóngchá · 信宜合箩红茶

Tiyi Wofiira wa Xinyi He Luo ndi tiyi wofiira (wokhala ndi okosijeni yathunthu) wopangidwa kuchokera ku masamba a mtundu wodziwika bwino wa He Luo Cha (合箩茶, Hé Luó Chá), omwe mbiri yake imadziwika kuti ndi umodzi mwa tiyi khumi ndi asanu odziwika m’chigawo cha Guangdong.

Tiyi Wofiira wa Xinyi He Luo ndi tiyi wofiira (wokhala ndi okosijeni yathunthu) wopangidwa kuchokera ku masamba a mtundu wodziwika bwino wa He Luo Cha (合箩茶, Hé Luó Chá), omwe mbiri yake imadziwika kuti ndi umodzi mwa tiyi khumi ndi asanu odziwika m’chigawo cha Guangdong. Mwamwambo, He Luo Cha ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa gulu la masamba aang’ono (小种茶, xiǎozhǒng chá), koma m’zaka zaposachedwapa, opanga a m’derali aphunzira njira yopangira tiyi wofiira kuchokera ku masamba omwewo, pofuna kukulitsa mitundu ya kakomedwe ndi kukopa okonda atsopano.

1. Magulu ndi Chiyambi:

  • Mtundu: Tiyi wofiira (红茶, hóngchá) – wothira msanga (wokhala ndi okosijeni).
  • Gulu: Mitundu ya tiyi wofiira ya ku China ya kumadera. Ndi wa gulu la gongfu hongcha (工夫红茶, gōngfu hóngchá) – tiyi wofiira wopangidwa mwaluso ndi manja.
  • Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Guangdong (广东省, Guǎngdōng Shěng), mzinda wa Maoming (茂名市, Màomíng Shì), mzinda wa Xinyi (信宜市, Xìnyí Shì), m’tauni ya Jindong (金垌镇, Jīndòng Zhèn), m’munda wa tiyi wa Sanmai Ding (三唛顶茶园, Sānmài Dǐng cháyuán).
  • Malo (latitude ndi longitude): pafupifupi 22.35° N, 110.95° E.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

  • Mbiri: Mwambo wa tiyi ku Xinyi uli ndi zaka zoposa mazana atatu. Malinga ndi “Xinyi Xianzhi” (信宜县志, “Mbiri ya Mzinda wa Xinyi”), kuyambira nthawi ya Ming, asanafike pakati pa ulamuliro, dera la Qimeishi (奇美石) linali malo akulu a tiyi okhala ndi mahekitala masauzande ambiri obzalidwa ndi msewu wapadera wamalonda wotchedwa “Hengjie” (横街), pomwe amagula ndi kugulitsa masamba a tiyi. He Luo Cha (合箩茶) weniweniyo adalipo kuyambira nthawi ya Mfumu Qianlong ya Qing (清乾隆年间, pafupifupi 1736–1795), zomwe zimapereka mbiri yoposa zaka mazana awiri. M’nthawi ya mafumu, tiyiyu ankalembedwa m’ndandanda wa zopereka kwa nyumba yachifumu (贡品, gòngpǐn). Pambuyo pokhazikitsidwa kwa People’s Republic of China, malo a minda ya tiyi adabwezeretsedwanso: mu 1953 anali pafupifupi mahekitala 50, ndipo kuyambira 1965 kukula kudayamba mwachangu. Mu 1992 ndi 1996, He Luo Cha adapambana kawiri zigawo zapamwamba pa mpikisano wachigawo wa tiyi wa Guangdong m’gulu la “tiyi wapadera wapamwamba” ndipo adalowa m’ndandanda wa “Tiyi Odziwika ku China” (中国名茶). Mtundu wofiira – He Luo Hong Cha – ndi kukulitsa kwamakono kwa katundu, komwe kudayamba m’zaka za m’ma 2010–2020, motsatira chidwi chonse cha dziko lonse pa tiyi wofiira wa m’madera.

  • Dzina: Kugawa kwake: 信宜 (Xìnyí) – dzina la mzinda, posonyeza chiyambi; 合箩 (Hé Luó) – tanthauzo lake “madengu otsekeka pamodzi”: pamwamba pa phiri la Sanmai Ding pali mwala wa mamita oposa atatu, wooneka ngati madengu awiri a nsungwi (箩, luó) olumikizidwa pamodzi. M’mpata wa mwala umenewu panthawi ina panamera mtengo wamtchire wa tiyi, womwe unakhala chiyambi cha minda yonseyi; 红茶 (Hóngchá) – tiyi wofiira, kusonyeza njira yopangira.

  • Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe: He Luo Cha adalembedwa m’buku la “Zhongguo Mingcha Zhi · Guangdong Juan” (《中国名茶志·广东卷》, “Buku la Tiyi Odziwika ku China, Voliyumu ya Guangdong”) monga umodzi mwa tiyi khumi ndi asanu odziwika a m’chigawochi ndipo amadziwika ngati tiyi wa mbiri yakale (历史名茶). Kwa mzinda wa Xinyi, tiyiyu ndiye chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe cha dera lino. Pali nthano ina: m’nthawi ya Qianlong, mzukwa woyera wandevu (仙人, xiānrén), wokopeka ndi fungo, adatsikira ku mundawu, mlimi wokalamba adamupatsa chakumwa, ndipo mzukwayo adasangalala ndi chakumwacho ndikusiya mawu akuti: “Fungo labwino limabweretsa alendo kuchokera kumitambo, kukoma kodabwitsa kumatulutsa mizimu m’phanga za mapiri” (清香招来云外客,美味引出洞中仙). Mfumu Qianlong mwiniwake, atalawa choperekacho, akuti adati: “He Luo Cha – wokongola m’maonekedwe, wotsekemera ndi wolemekezeka m’kakomedwe, ndiye chuma chenicheni cha dziko.”

3. Mafotokozedwe a Zomera ndi Zopangira:

  • Mtundu / Cultivar: Amagwiritsa mtundu wa masamba aang’ono a ku Xinyi (信宜小叶种, Xìnyí xiǎoyè zhǒng) – mitundu ya Camellia sinensis var. sinensis ya m’derali. Mitengo siitali (1–3 m), ndipo ni ya masamba aang’ono. Thupi la tsamba (palisade tissue) limakula bwino, ndipo lili ndi ma carotenoids ndi xanthophylls ochulukirapo, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga ma terpenoid derivatives – β-ionone (β-紫罗酮) ndi tea spiroenone (茶螺烯酮), omwe amapangitsa kuti fungo la zopangira likhale lapamwamba.
  • Kukolola: Kumapeto kwa masika mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe (March–May); m’madera okwera, nyengo ingasinthe kukhala April–June. Kwa mtundu wofiira, amakonda kugwiritsa zopangira za masika zomwe zili ndi ma amino acid ochuluka.
  • Mulingo wa kukolola: Phukusi ndi tsamba limodzi kapena awiri (一芽一叶 — 一芽二叶, yī yá yī yè — yī yá èr yè). Kwa magulu apamwamba, amagwiritsa makamaka maphukusi amodzi (单芽, dān yá) ndi kukolola kwa “phukusi + tsamba limodzi” ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa nsonga za golide (tipisi).
  • Zofunikira pa zopangira: Tsamba lathunthu, losawonongeka popanda zilonda zamakina; zopangira zoyera, zatsopano; kuuma kochepa kwa mtsempha wapakati.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulimidwa:

  • Kutalika kwa malo: Dera lalikulu – mapiri a Sanmai Ding (三唛顶), 605 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Minda yoyandikana ili pa kutalika kwa 400–650 m.
  • Nyengo: Nyengo ya subtropical monsoon, yokhala ndi mvula yambiri komanso kutentha kwapachaka kwapamwamba (oposa 22 °C). Kwa madera a mapiri, pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku, chifunga chambiri ndi mitambo, zomwe zimachepetsa kukula ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopatsa kukoma ndi fungo m’masamba.
  • Nthaka: Nthaka ya laterite ya red-yellow (红壤 / 红黄壤, hóng rǎng / hóng huáng rǎng), ya acid pang’ono (pH 4.5–5.5), yokhala ndi organic matter yambiri komanso kusefukira kwabwino kwa madzi. Mankhwala a mgodi m’nthaka amapanga “kuzama” ndi “kulemera” kwa kakomedwe ka tiyi womalizidwa.
  • Ulimi: Amayika maganizo pa njira za zachilengedwe. He Luo Cha amakhala ndi kuthekera kwachilengedwe koletsa tizilombo, zomwe zimachepetsa kufunikira kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kukolola kumachitika makamaka ndi manja. Zokolola za He Luo Cha zili ndi chiphatso chakuti “zabwino zopanda kuipitsidwa” (广东省无公害食品).

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Mtundu wofiira wa He Luo Cha umapangidwa motsatira njira yachikale ya gongfu hongcha, koma ndi zosintha zina zogwirizana ndi dera, poganizira kuthekera kwakukulu kwa fungo la mtundu wamasamba aang’ono wa Xinyi:

  • Kukolola (采摘, cǎizhāi): Kusankha mwa manja zopangira zofewa m’maola a m’mawa, mame akaphulika.
  • Kunyaliza (萎凋, wěidiāo): Masamba amayalidwa pang’onopang’ono kuti chinyezi chisothe (kutaya 30–40%). Atha kuyalidwa mwachilengedwe pathireyi za nsungwi kapena kuphatikiza (dzuwa + m’chipinda). Panthawi imeneyi, kusintha kwa fungo kumayamba: fungo la maluwa ndi zipatso limawonekera.
  • Kugubuduza (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kupanga masamba kuti akhale othinana ndi kuswa makoma a maselo kuti atulutse madzi, omwe kenaka amasandulika kukhala okosijeni pamwamba pa tsamba. Kwa zopangira zamasamba aang’ono, kugubuduza kumachitidwa mosamala kuti tisapeze kakomedwe kowawa kwambiri.
  • Kuthira / Kuokosijeni (发酵, fājiào): Masamba ogubuduzidwa amaikidwa m’chipinda chonyowa pa kutentha kwa 25–30 °C, chinyezi cha 90–95%. Nthawi: maola 3-5, mpaka tsamba likhale ndi mtundu wofiira-mkuwa ndi fungo lamphamvu la uchi ndi zipatso. Kuokosijeni koyendetsedwa bwino kumapanga theaflavins ndi thearubigins.
  • Kuumitsa / Kutenthetsa (烘干, hōnggān): Mpweya wotentha pa 100–120 °C umaletsa kuokosijeni ndikukhazikitsa fungo ndi kakomedwe. Ena mwa opanga amagwiritsa kuumitsa kwa magawo awiri: choyamba pa kutentha kwakukulu, kenako kutenthetsa kofewa kwa “kukhwima” pa 60–80 °C kuti awonjezere fungo la uchi ndi caramel.
  • Kusanja (分级, fēnjí): Kulekanitsa malinga ndi magawo: masamba athunthu ndi tipisi, masamba wamba, tizigawo tating’ono. Gawo lililonse limakhala ndi fungo lake lapadera.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva (Organoleptic):

  • Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Masamba othinana, ophimbidwa mwamphamvu ngati zingwe (条索紧细, tiáosuǒ jǐn xì), amtundu wakuda-bulauni kapena wakuda-mtengo wa chestnut, okhala ndi nsonga zagolide zambiri (金毫, jīn háo). Masamba ndi ofanana, osankhidwa bwino, opanda zinthu zina.
  • Fungo la tsamba louma: Lokhala ndi kukoma, lofunda, ndi fungo lamphamvu la zipatso zouma (maapricot, mphesa zouma), uchi ndi maluwa pang’ono, monga mmwe zilili ndi mitundu yamasamba aang’ono yafungo lapamwamba.
  • Fungo la chakumwa: Losanjikana: pamwamba – uchi ndi zipatso zakumwera zakupsa (litchi, longan); pakati – fungo la mkate ndi caramel; pansi – kutentha kwapang’ono kwa nkhuni. Fungo limakhazikika, limatuluka ndikupitiriza kuthira.
  • Kakomedwe: Kakhuthala, kozungulira, ndi kutsekemera kwachilengedwe koonekeratu (回甘, huígān). Kuwawa kumakhala kochepa komanso kofewa, kumangosanduka kukoma kwautali kotenthetsa. M’magulu abwino kwambiri, kumveka kwa “silky” (柔滑, róu huá) ndi kakomedwe koyera, kopanda kukalipa.
  • Mtundu wa chakumwa: Wofiira-amber, wowala ndi wosasefuka (红琥珀色, hóng hǔpò sè), ndi mphete ya golide yowonekera m’mphepete mwa kapu.
  • Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lothira): Tsamba limasefuka mofanana ndi mokhuthala; mtundu – kuchokera ku bulauni-mkuwa mpaka kufiira-chestnut. Mitsempha imakhala yosalimba, tsamba lathunthu, lopanda kung’ambika.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:

  • Polyphenols: Zopangira za He Luo Cha zili ndi polyphenols ochuluka – 38.3% (malinga ndi miyezo ya labotale ya tsamba losathira). Mu mtundu wofiira, gawo lalikulu la catechins limasandulika kukhala theaflavins (TF) ndi thearubigins (TR), zomwe zimapanga mtundu wowala wa chakumwa ndi “thupi” la kakomedwe. Polyphenols onse mu tiyi wofiira womalizidwa pafupifupi ndi 15–22%.
  • Amino acids: Ma amino acid aulere mu zopangira ndi 3.3%, kuphatikiza L-theanine (L-茶氨酸, L-chá ānjīsuān), yomwe imapereka kutsekemera kofewa ndi kumasuka kopanda tulo.
  • Alkaloids: Kafeini (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn) – 4.1% mu zopangira zouma, zomwe ndi zapakati komanso zokwera pang’ono kwa tiyi wofiira. Komanso pali theobromine ndi theophylline pang’ono.
  • Catechins: Catechins onse mu tsamba latsopano ndi 132.2 mg/g; pambuyo pa kuokosijeni kwathunthu, gawo lalikulu limasandulika kukhala zotuluka zokhala ndi okosijeni.
  • Zinthu zotulutsa m’madzi: 38.99% – chiwerengero chosonyeza kuchuluka kwa kakomedwe ndi kuthekera kwabwino kwa “kuthira”.
  • Mafuta onunkhira othawika: Gulu la terpenes (linalool, geraniol, β-ionone) ndi zotuluka za mayankho a Maillard, zomwe zimapanga fungo la uchi-zipatso-caramel. Mtundu wamasamba aang’ono wokhala ndi carotenoids ochuluka umapereka fungo lambiri la terpenoid.
  • Mavitamini ndi minerals: Mavitamini a B, ascorbic acid (yomwe imasungidwa pang’ono), potaziyamu, magniziyamu, manganese, zinki.

8. Ubwino wa Zaumoyo:

  • Kukhathamira mofewa: Kuphatikiza kwa kafeini ndi L-theanine kumapereka mphamvu yofewa, yokhazikika popanda kukwera ndi kutsika kwadzidzidzi, monga mmwe zimakhalira ndi khofi. Maganizo amawonjezeka pamene bata limasungidwa.
  • Chitetezo cha antioxidant: Theaflavins ndi thearubigins zimakhala ndi mphamvu ya antioxidant, zomwe zimathandiza kuletsa ma free radicals ndikuchepetsa kupsyinjika kwa okosijeni.
  • Kuthandiza kugaya chakudya: Tiyi wofiira wotentha mwamwambo amalimbikitsidwa pambuyo pa chakudya kuti thupi ligaye bwino. Zinthu za tannin zimayambitsa kutuluka kwa madzi a m’mimba mwapang’ono.
  • Dongosolo la mtima ndi magazi: Kumwa tiyi wofiira pafupipafupi mwapang’ono kungathandize kuti mitsempha ya magazi ikhale yolimba komanso kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi kuyende bwino.
  • Kutenthetsa thupi: Tiyi wokhala ndi okosijeni onse amakhala ndi chikhalidwe “chotentha” malinga ndi zakudya zachikhalidwe cha China ndipo ndi wabwino kwambiri pa nyengo yozizira.
  • Kulimbitsa mano ndi chiseyeye: Ma fluoride ndi polyphenols amathandiza kuletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya oyambitsa kuwola kwa mano ndi kusunga thanzi la mkamwa.
  • Kuletsa mabakiteriya: Zinthu za polyphenol zimasonyeza mphamvu yapakati yoletsa tizilombo.

9. Kuthira:

  • Kutentha kwa madzi: 90–95 °C (osati madzi owira kwambiri, kuti tisapsereze tiyi wamasamba aang’ono ndi kuti tisatulutse kuwawa kochuluka).
  • Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 4–6 g pa 100–120 ml ya madzi.
  • Zida: Gaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn) wa porcelain – ndiye kusankha kwabwino kotulutsa fungo. Kutha kugwiritsanso tiyapot wa porcelain kapena tiyapot wa Yixing (宜兴紫砂壶, Yíxīng zǐshā hú) kuti apeze kakomedwe kozungulira komanso kophimba.
  • Ndondomeko:
  1. Tenthetsani ziwiya ndi madzi owira ndi kuwataya.
  2. Ikani tiyi, phimbani ndi chivindikiro ndi kumugwedeza – fungani fungo la tsamba louma lotenthedwa.
  3. Kutsuka sikuli kofunikira; ngati mufuna – thirani mwachidule kwa masekondi 1-2 kuti masamba ophimbidwa mwamphamvu atseguke.
  4. Kuthira koyamba: masekondi 8–12.
  5. Kuthira kwachiwiri mpaka kwachinayi: masekondi 10–15.
  6. Kuyambira kuthira kwachisanu, onjezerani nthawi ndi masekondi 5–10.
  7. Gulu lapamwamba limatha kuthiridwa mokwanira 6–8, kutulutsa kuchokera ku fungo la uchi-zipatso pamwamba mpaka kukoma kwakuya kwa mkate-nkhuni.

10. Kusunga:

  • Chotengera: Zotengera zosasefukira mpweya, zosaonekera – chidebe cha chitsulo ndi chivindikiro cholimba, thumba la vacuum la foil, kapena chotengera cha ceramic ndi chivindikiro cholimba.
  • Mikhalidwe: Malo owuma (chinyezi chochepera 60%), amdima, kutali ndi magwero a fungo lamphamvu ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kutentha kwabwino: 15–25 °C.
  • Nthawi: Tiyi wofiira ndi bwino kumwa m’miyezi yoyamba 6–18, pamene kuwala kwa fungo kumakhalapobe. Magulu apamwamba, oumitsidwa bwino amatha “kuzungulira” mofewa kwa zaka 2–3 akasungidwa moyenera, kukhala ndi kakomedwe kakuya, kokhwima.
  • Zoyenera kupewa: Chinyezi, kuwala, fungo lachilendo, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha – ndiye adani akulu a tiyi wofiira.

11. Mtengo ndi Zolimbana ndi Chinyengo:

  • Gulu la mtengo: He Luo Hong Cha ndi katundu wamtengo wapatali wa kumadera wokhala ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa kupanga. Mtengo umadalira mulingo wa kukolola (magulu a tipisi – ndi okwera mtengo), nyengo (zakumapeto kwa masika ndi zodula kuposa zachilimwe), mbiri ya famu yeniyeni. Pamsika wamkati wa Guangdong, mtengo umakhala wapakati mpaka wokwera kwa tiyi wofiira wa kumadera.
  • Momwe mungapewere zolimbana ndi chinyengo:
  1. Gulani kwa ogulitsa odalirika omwe angatsatire mbiri ya gulu mpaka ku famu yeniyeni ku Jindong kapena ku Sanmai Ding.
  2. Onani tsamba: liyenera kukhala lofanana, lophimbidwa mwabwino, ndi nsonga za golide zoonekera. Kupezeka kwa fumbi, zinyalala ndi zinthu zina ndi chizindikiro cha katundu wotsika kapena wabodza.
  3. Fufuzani fungo: loyera, la uchi-zipatso, popanda fungo lotentha, lowola kapena la “nsomba” lachilendo.
  4. Onani chakumwa: chiyenera kukhala chowala, chofiira-amber komanso chosasefuka. Kukhuthala kapena kufiira kosawala ndi chizindikiro choyipa.
  5. Khalani okayikira pa mtengo wochepa kwambiri pomwe mukunena kuti ndi wapamwamba kwambiri.

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:

  • Malinga ndi nthano ya m’derali, dzina lakuti “He Luo” (合箩) linapatsidwa chifukwa cha mwala wapamwamba pa Sanmai Ding: mwala wam’mimba mwake woposa mamita atatu, wogawikana pakati, wooneka ngati madengu awiri a nsungwi oikidwa pamodzi pansi. Ndipo m’mpata wa mwala umenewu ndi momwe panamera mtengo woyamba wa tiyi, womwe unakhala kholo la minda yonse.

  • M’malemba a mbiri yakale, pali banja la Yang (杨), lomwe zaka zoposa mazana awiri zapitazo linayamba kulima mahekitala pafupifupi makumi awiri a minda ya tiyi pansi pa He Luo Shi (合箩石, “mwala wa madengu otsekeka pamodzi”) ndipo mibadwo yonse imalima ndi kupanga tiyi. M’zaka za nkhondo ndi mavuto a theka loyamba la zaka za m’ma 1900, mbadwa za banjali zinakakamizika kusiya malo awo, ndipo minda ya tiyi idasakazika. Kubwezeretsa kudayamba pokhapokha pambuyo pa 1949.

  • He Luo Cha ndi umodzi mwazinthu zisanu ndi zinayi za ulimi ku Xinyi zomwe zalandira chiphatso cha “chakudya chopanda kuipitsidwa cha chigawo cha Guangdong” (广东省无公害食品), pamodzi ndi nkhuku ya kumapiri (怀乡鸡) ndi ma plums otchuka a sanhuali (三华李).

  • Wokonda kutsitsimutsa He Luo Cha wa masiku ano ndi mlimi Zhang Haitang (张海堂) wa m’mudzi wa Huanqiu (环球村), m’tauni ya Jindong. Iye adabwerera kuchokera kumadera a m’mphepete mwa nyanja kuti akabwezeretse chikhalidwe cha kupanga tiyi, ndipo kwa zaka khumi adakonza njira zaulimi, kugwira ntchito ndi asayansi ndikukopa mabanja oposa makumi asanu ndi anayi omwe kale anali osauka ku ntchito ya tiyi.

  • He Luo Cha wobiriwira wamwambo amafotokozedwa ngati “翠绿色” (cuilüsè – mtundu wobiriwira wa emerald) ndi “浅绿色汤色” (chakumwa chobiriwira chotuwira). Mtundu wofiira ndi wosiyana kotheratu pa mtundu, koma umatengera fungo lapamwamba lomwelo komanso kutsekemera kwachilengedwe, zomwe zili mu genotype ya mtundu wa masamba aang’ono wa Xinyi.

13. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Ena Ofiira:

  • Yingde Hong Cha (英德红茶, Yīngdé Hóngchá): Tiyi wina wofiira wotchuka wa Guangdong, wopangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku mitundu ya masamba akulu a Yunnan. Yingde Hong Cha amakhala ndi kakomedwe kwamphamvu, kodzaza, ndi fungo la chokoleti-malt komanso fungo lochepa la maluwa. Xinyi He Luo Hong Cha, mosiyana, amamangidwa pa kufewa kwa zopangira zamasamba aang’ono: ndi wopepuka, wafungo kwambiri, ndi fungo lapamwamba la zipatso-maluwa.

  • Litchi Hong Cha (荔枝红茶, Lìzhī Hóngchá): Tiyi wofiira wa Guangdong wokhala ndi fungo la litchi. Xinyi He Luo Hong Cha samawonjezera fungo: fungo la zipatso (kuphatikiza litchi ndi longan) limapangidwa mwachilengedwe chifukwa cha mtundu wa mbewu ndi terroir.

  • Qimen Hong Cha (祁门红茶, Qímén Hóngchá): Chimodzi mwazilendo zapadziko lonse za tiyi wofiira, wopangidwa kuchokera ku mtundu wapakati wa Masamba a Zhuye (槠叶种) ku Anhui. Amakhala ndi “fungo la Qimen” (祁门香) lodziwika bwino – gulu lofunikira la maluwa-uchi ndi fungo la roses. Xinyi He Luo Hong Cha ali pafupi ndi fungo la ku malo otentha (litchi, longan, uchi wa ku malo otentha) ndipo ndi “wotentha” pang’ono m’chidziwitso chonse.

  • Jiuqu Hong Mei (九曲红梅, Jiǔqū Hóngméi): Tiyi wofiira wosowa kuchokera ku Zhejiang, wopangidwa kuchokera ku zopangira za “Longjing”. Amakhala ndi kafewe kake ngati silika komanso kuwawako kofewa. Xinyi He Luo Hong Cha ndi wokhuthala komanso “wamafuta” m’kakomedwe, ndi kukoma kwautali kotenthetsa.

Pomaliza:

Xinyi He Luo Hong Cha ndi tiyi wofiira wokhala ndi khalidwe lenileni la malo: terroir ya kumadera otentha a kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Guangdong, fungo lachilengedwe lamphamvu la mtundu wamasamba aang’ono wa Xinyi, ndi mbiri ya tiyi ya zaka mazana awiri, yolembedwa m’malo a miyala a phiri la Sanmai Ding. Tiyiyi amapereka kapu yotentha, yophimba ndi fungo la uchi-zipatso, chakumwa chofiira-amber chosasefuka ndi kukoma kwautali kotenthetsa. Ndi wabwino kwambiri pa nthawi ya tiyi yodekha pambuyo pa chakudya chamadzulo, pa madzulo a nthawi ya kugwa kwa masamba ndi yozizira, komanso kwa okonda omwe akufuna mwayi wina osati Yingde kapena Dianhong wodziwika bwino – koma wapadera, wafungo, wokhala ndi umunthu wakummwera koonekeratu.