Xīngníng Dān Cóng · new.thetea.app

Xīngníng Dān Cóng (兴宁单丛, Xīngníng dān cóng) — ndi ulong ya fungo labwino ya ku Guangdong yochokera m’boma la Xingning, m’chigawo cha Meizhou (梅州, Méizhōu), m’chigawo cha Guangdong. Tiiyi amapangidwa molingana ndi luso la dān cóng, ndipo imadziwika ndi fungo lake lalikulu la uchi ndi orchid (蜜兰香, mìlán xiāng). Imasiyana ndi dān cóng za ku Fenghuang chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwake mopepuka komanso kuwotchera kwake pa makala a nkhuni za lichee, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kukoma kwake. Kuyambira chaka cha 2021, tiiyi imatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro chovomerezeka cha malo ochokera (国家地理标志证明商标, guójiā dìlǐ biāozhì zhèngmíng shāngbiāo), ndipo mu 2022, luso lake lopanga linalowetsedwa m’kaundula wa zinthu zosayambika za chikhalidwe.

1. Magulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Ulong (tii yopangidwa modutsa pang’ono, 乌龙茶, wūlóng chá). Mlingo wa okosijeni ndi wapakati, pafupifupi 25–50%, ndipo pambuyo pake amawotchedwa pa makala.
Gulu: Ndi ulong ya fungo la Guangdong, yogwirizana ndi banja la Fènghuáng Dān Cóng (凤凰单丛, Fènghuáng Dān Cóng). Nthaŵi zina amayiyika m’gulu la “dān cóng ya ku Meizhou” — nthambi ya chigawo yomwe inakula kuchokera ku mbande zobwera kuchokera ku Chaozhou.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Guangdong (广东省, Guǎngdōng shěng), mzinda wa Meizhou (梅州市, Méizhōu shì), boma la Xingning (兴宁市, Xīngníng shì). Malo otetezedwa achiyambi akuphatikiza dera lonse la Xingning, kuphatikizapo matownship 13 ndi makomiti a m’misewu; malo akuluakulu opangira ali ku matownship a Jingnan (径南镇, Jìngnán zhèn) ndi Heshui (合水镇, Héshuǐ zhèn).
Midzi ya malo: Pafupifupi 24°09′ N, 115°44′ E (pakati pa boma la Xingning); mapiri a tii ali m’chigawo chamapiri pamtunda wa 300–800 m pamwamba pa nyanja, kum’mwera ndi kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa mzindawu.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Kulima tii ku Xingning ndi kwa kale kwambiri. Malinga ndi buku lolembedwa pamanja la “Xingning xianzhi” (兴宁县志), lomwe linalembedwa ndi katswiri wa kalembedwe Zhu Zhishan (祝枝山) m’nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Zhengde (正德, 1506–1521) wa mafumu a Ming, anthu a m’derali anali kale akulima tii. M’nthawi ya mafumu a Qing, tii yobiriŵa yochokera ku tawuni ya Longbei (龙北镇, Lóngběi zhèn), yomwe imadziwika kuti “Guantian lü cha” (官田绿茶), inali m’gulu la “tiyi zisanu ndi zitatu zodziwika za Jiaying zhou” (嘉应州八大名茶) ndipo inkagulitsidwa ku Southeast Asia. M’zaka za m’ma 1900, makampani a tii adasintha: m’zaka za m’ma 1960–70, minda ya tii ya boma monga Nanshegang (南蛇岗茶林场) inakhazikitsidwa. Kusintha kwakukulu kudachitika mu 1985, pamene mbande za dān cóng zidabwera kuchokera ku dera la Raoping (饶平, Ráopíng) m’boma la Chaozhou, ndipo alimi am’derali adayamba kusintha kuchoka ku tii yobiriŵa kupita ku ulong. Pofika m’zaka za m’ma 1990, minda ya tii ya Huangfengwo (黄蜂窝茶场) ndi Baoshan (宝山茶场) ku Jingnan idakhala otsogolera a makampani atsopano. Mu 1997, pa Chiwonetsero Chachikulu cha Tii cha Padziko Lonse ku Beijing, zopangidwa ku Xingning zidapeza mendulo zagolide, ndipo Meizhou mwiniwake adapatsidwa ulemu woti “Kwawo kwa dān cóng yodziwika ya China” (中国著名单丛茶之乡). Mu 2021, chizindikiro cha “Xingning Dan Cong Cha” chidalandira udindo wa malo ovomerezeka padziko lonse; mu 2022, luso lopanga lidavomerezedwa kukhala cholowa chosayambika cha chikhalidwe; mu 2023, tiiyo idalowetsedwa m’ndandanda wa zinthu zatsopano zolimidwa zabwino kwambiri m’dzikolo (全国名特优新农产品名录). Pofika mu 2025, malo onse a minda ya tii ku Xingning akupitirira 4,000 mu (≈ 2,670 ha), ndipo pachaka amatulutsa matani oposa 6,000, zomwe ndi pafupifupi 75% ya mtengo wonse wa zopangidwa za tii ku Meizhou.
Dzina: Xingning (兴宁) ndi dzina la malo lomwe linachokera ku nthawi ya Eastern Jin (东晋, Dōng Jìn, 331 CE), pamene boma la dzina lomwelo linakhazikitsidwa; tanthauzo lake lenileni ndi “kutukuka ndi mtendere.” Dān Cóng (单丛) ndi mawu aukadaulo otanthauza “mtengo umodzi” kapena “chitsamba chapadera”: m’mbiri, tii yabwino kwambiri inkakololedwa ndi kukonzedwa kuchokera ku chitsamba chilichonse chapadera payekha, kusunga mbiri yake yapadera ya fungo.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Xingning ndi mzinda wa Ahaka (客家, Kèjiā), womwe m’mbiri umadziwika kuti “mzinda wa olemba, osewera mpira, ndi Ahuaqiao.” Tii imagwirizana bwino ndi chikhalidwe cha Ahaka cha kuchereza alendo: kupatsa alendo tii ya dān cóng yongotenthetsedwa kumene ndi mwambo wosaiwalika akabwera. Chikhalidwe cha tii cha m’derali chimaphatikiza miyambo ya kumwa tii ya gongfu ya ku Chaozhou ndi kumasuka kwa Ahaka. Chiwonetsero cha tii chapachaka cha m’chilimwe ku Jingnan chakhala chokopa anthu okonda tii kuchokera ku Guangdong konse. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa “Malo osungiramo zinthu zakale a Chikhalidwe cha dān cóng ya ku Xingning” (兴宁单丛茶文化馆) m’mudzi wa Zhuoshui (浊水村) kumasonyeza kufunitsitsa kusunga ndi kufalitsa cholowa cha tii chakumaloko.

3. Malongosoledwe a Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Mitundu / Mitundu ya mbewu: Mbeu yayikulu ndi Bái Yè Dān Cóng (白叶单丛, Bái Yè Dān Cóng, “dān cóng ya masamba oyera”), yomwe imatenga pafupifupi 70% ya minda yonse. Iyi ndi chomera chamtundu wamasamba apakati (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis), chomwe chimapirira kuzizira kwambiri komanso chimakhala ndi fungo lalikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, amalimanso Méi Zhàn (梅占, Méi Zhàn) — mtundu wakucha msanga ndi wochuluka, wochokera ku Fujian, woyenera kupangira tii yafungo lambiri, — komanso Huáng Jīn Guì (黄金桂, Huáng Jīn Guì). Kubzala kumachitika makamaka mwa njira zosapatsa mbewu kudzera m’kudula ndi kulimitsa, kutsatira njira yachikale; ku Jingnan, pa phiri la Huangfengwo, pali mitengo yazaka zana limodzi ya amayi.
Kukolola: Nyengo zinayi: Masika (清明 Qīngmíng – 谷雨 Gǔyǔ, March–April) — nyengo yamtengo wapatali kwambiri; Chilimwe (pambuyo pa 立夏 Lìxià, Meyi–June); Dzinja (pafupifupi 白露 Báilù, September); “masamba a chipale” a dzinja (雪片茶, xuěpiàn chá) — amakololedwa pafupi ndi 小雪 Xiǎoxuě (November), ndipo amadziwika ndi fungo lake lozizira komanso kupirira kuphikidwa mobwerezabwereza.
Muyeso wa kukolola: Tii ya masika yapamwamba kwambiri: mphukira yathunthu kapena mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi; yoyamba: mphukira ndi masamba aŵiri; yamba: mphukira ndi masamba atatu. Kukolola kumachitika mame akamapuma.
Zofunikira pa zopangira: Kucha kofanana kwa mphukira, kusowa kwa kuwonongeka, ndi fungo lachilendo. Kusunga tsamba lathunthu n’kofunikira kwambiri kuti fungo lodziwika lipangike panthawi ya kugwedezeka kotsatira.

4. Malo ndi Zochitika za Kulima:

Dera ndi mawonekedwe a nthaka: Xingning ili kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa chigawo cha Guangdong, kumtunda kwa mitsinje ya Dongjiang ndi Hanjiang, m’dera la mapiri a Lianhuashan (莲花山脉) ndi Luofushan (罗浮山脉). Mawonekedwe ake ndi a mapiri ndi zitunda: madera akummwera ndi kumpoto ndi okwera (malo okwera kwambiri ndi nsonga ya Yangtianzhang, 阳天嶂, 1,107 m), ndipo pakati pali chigwa cha Ningjiang. Minda ya tii ili pamtunda wa 300–800 m, makamaka m’mbali zakummwera ndi kum’mwera chakum’mawa.
Kutalika kwa malo: 300–800 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Malo abwino kwambiri ali pamwamba pa 500 m, m’dera lomwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala mitambo.
Nyengo: Nyengo ya kum’mwera kwa subtropical ya monsoon, yomwe imasinthira ku nyengo yapakati ya subtropical. Kutentha kwapachaka kwapakati ndi 20,4 °C; mvula yapachaka ndi 1,600–1,900 mm; masiku a chifunga amaposa 180 pachaka; kusintha kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku kumaposa 10 °C; kuwala kochita kumwazikana ndi pafupifupi 70%. Chinyezi chochuluka ndi chifunga chambiri zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mphukira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti fungo ndi ma amino acid azichuluka.
Nthaka: Nthaka za m’mapiri za acidic za red-yellow (红黄壤, hóng huáng rǎng), pH 4,5–6,5, zokhala ndi zinthu zambiri za organic. Chochititsa chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwa selenium: 0,018–0,066 mg/kg, zomwe ndi 1,3 kuchulukitsa kuposa ulong wamba waku China. Selenium imathandiza kuti tii ikhale ndi mphamvu zolimbana ndi okosijeni. Kusowa kwa mafakitale m’madera a m’mapiri kumatsimikizira kuti zopangira ndi zoyera.

5. Luso la Kupanga:

Luso la Xingning Dān Cóng limatsatira mfundo zoyambira za dān cóng ya ku Chaozhou, koma lili ndi zizolowezi zake zomwe akatswiri amafotokoza ngati “kugwedeza mopepuka, kukazinga mwamphamvu” (轻摇重炒, qīng yáo zhòng chǎo): nthawi yosonkhezera ndi yaifupi kusiyana ndi ya dān cóng ya ku Fenghuang, zomwe zimasunga kutsitsimuka ndi kuwala kwa fungo. Gawo lofunikira kwambiri ndi kuwotcha pa makala a nkhuni za lichee (荔枝木炭焙), zomwe zimapanga mawonekedwe a “uche resonansi” (蜜韵, mì yùn) — ntchitoyi imadziwika kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri pa chikhalidwe chosayambika.

Kukolola / 采摘 — cǎizhāi: Amakolola mphukira za mulingo wa “mphukira + masamba awiri” mame akamapuma. Zopangira zimatengedwa mwamsanga kupita ku shopu kuti zisatenthedwe kapena kuyamba kuoxidisidwa molawirira.
Kufota padzuwa / 晒青 — shàiqīng: Masamba okololedwa amayalidwa pa masitepe a nsungwi ndikusungidwa padzuwa kwa mphindi pafupifupi 30. Masamba amataya chinyezi china, amakhala osinthika, ndipo kusintha koyamba kwa zinthu zamoyo kumayamba.
Kugwedeza / 摇青 — yáoqīng (碰青 — pèngqīng): Kuzungulira 4–5 kugwedeza ndi kupumula. Kukhudza m’mphepete mwa tsamba kumawononga khoma la maselo, ndikuyambitsa kusakanikirana pang’ono kwa polyphenols. Ndipamene mbali imeneyi kuti fungo la maluwa ndi zipatso limapangidwa. Nthawi yogwedezeka imafupikitsidwa mwadala poyerekeza ndi mwambo wa ku Fenghuang, kuti isunge mawu atsopano, “olira.”
Kuyimitsa / 杀青 — shāqīng: Kuyimitsa kwa ng’oma pa kutentha pafupifupi 260 °C. Kutentha kwakukulu kumaletsa njira za enzyme ndikukonza kuloŵa kwa fungo. Mphamvu ya kuyimitsa ndi imodzi mwa zizindikiro za kalembedwe ka Xingning.
Kukulunga / 揉捻 — róuniǎn: Njira yophatikiza — makina kenako kukonza mawonekedwe ndi manja. Kukulunga kumaphwanya kapangidwe ka maselo, kumawonjezera mwayi wotulutsa kukoma, ndipo kumapereka tsamba mawonekedwe ake — mizera yolimba, yolimba.
Kuwotcha koyamba / 初焙 — chū bèi: Kuwotcha pa makala a nkhuni za lichee (荔枝木炭, lìzhī mù tàn) pa kutentha pafupifupi 90 °C. Kusankha makala a lichee ndiko kumene kumatchedwa chinsinsi cha “kukoma kotsekemera kwa uchi” kwa dān cóng ya Xingning.
Kuwotchanso / 复焙 — fù bèi: Kuumitsa komaliza pa 60 °C mpaka chinyezi ≤ 5%. Zimakhazikitsa fungo ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yokhazikika.

6. Makhalidwe Omveka ndi Ena:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Mizera yolimba, yokulungidwa mwamphamvu (条索紧结壮实, tiáosuǒ jǐnjié zhuàngshí), yakuda-bulauni yonyezimira ngati mafuta (乌褐油润). Masamba ndi ofanana, oyesedwa bwino; palinso mawonekedwe a granulated (ngati CTC) ogulitsidwa kwa anthu ambiri.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Fungo lamphamvu la uchi ndi orchid (蜜兰香, mìlán xiāng) — chizindikiro cha tii. Pamene mukutenthetsa gaiwan, zigawo zake zimatuluka: poyamba fungo losakanikirana la maluwa, kenako mawu a pichesi ndi apurikoti, ndi fungo laling’ono la uchi.
Fungo la kumwa: Lalitali, lokhazikika, komanso la mbali zosiyanasiyana. Fungo lalikulu ndi la uchi ndi orchid, limatuluka mpaka ku mawu a zhīlán (芝兰香, zhīlán xiāng — fungo la orchid wa cymbidium), ndi mawu a zipatso za pichesi yamadzi (水蜜桃, shuǐ mì táo). M’magulu owotchedwa — mawu otentha a mtedza ndi caramel. Ikasungidwa, fungo la uchi limayamba kuonekera.
Kukoma: Kokwanira, kwathunthu (浓醇, nóng chún), ndi kutsitsimuka kwakukulu (鲜爽, xiān shuǎng), komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha ma amino acid ambiri. Thupi la tii ndi lolimba, koma losalemera. Kukoma kowawa kumakhala kofewa, kogwirizana bwino ndi polyphenols. Kupitirira kukoma (回甘, huígān) ndi kwamphamvu ndi kwautali, ndi kumveka kwake kwa “kuzizira kwa m’mapiri” (高山韵清凉感). Magulu abwino amamveka ngati “kutsekemera kobwerera kuchokera pakhosi” kwa mphindi zingapo.
Mtundu wa kumwa: Wagolide-wa amber wonyezimira ngati galasi (金黄莹亮, jīnhuáng yíngliang) kwa tii ya masika; ya m’dzinja imakhala yofiira pang’ono, ya lalanje-yellow.
Pansi pa tii (masamba ophikidwa): Masamba athunthu, otupezeka, ofewa, komanso osalala. Chizindikiro cha dān cóng yabwino ndi “mimba yobiriŵira, m’mphepete mofiira” (绿腹红边, lǜ fù hóng biān): pakati pa tsamba amakhalabe obiriŵira ngati azitona, pamene m’mphepete mwake, monga mwawotchedwa, amakhala ofiira-mkuwa.

7. Zomwe Zili M’mankhwala:

Polyphenols: M’masamba atsopano a kumapeto kwa Bái Yè Dān Cóng — ≥ 28,3% (mwa zinthu zouma). Pakusakanikirana pang’ono, ma catechin ena amasanduka theaflavins ndi thearubigins, zomwe zimapanga thupi ndi mtundu wa kumwa. Kugwirizana pakati pa ma catechin otsala ndi zopangidwa za okosijeni kumapangitsa kukoma kowawa koma kosapsa.
Amino Acids: Zomwe zili m’masamba a kumapeto kwa masika — ≥ 2,8%. L-theanine ndi yochuluka kwambiri ndipo imayambitsa kutsekemera, “umami” kofewa, komanso kumasuka.
Alkaloids: Kafeini — pafupifupi 3,8% (yapamwamba kuposa ulong wamba), yomwe imapereka mphamvu yowonjezera mphamvu. Theobromine ndi theophylline amapezeka pang’ono, ndipo amawonjezera kukondoweza kofewa.
Selenium: 0,018–0,066 mg/kg — chizindikiro chapadera cha malo a Xingning. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wakumaloko, chimenechi ndi 1,3 kuchulukitsa kwa ulong wamba waku China. Selenium ndi cofactor yofunika ya enzyme ya antioxidant glutathione peroxidase.
Mavitamini: Vitamini C (ascorbic acid), mavitamini a gulu B (B₁, B₂), vitamini E (ma tocopherols), vitamini P (rutin). Mavitamini C amachepa mu ulong kusiyana ndi tii yobiriŵira, chifukwa amawonongeka pang’ono pooxidisidwa.
Maminelo: Potaziyamu, magnesium, manganese, zinc, phosphorous. Nthaka za acidic za m’mapiri zimapereka maminelo ochuluka, omwe amaonekera m’kamangidwe ka kupitirira kukoma.
Mafuta Ofunikira: Gulu lolemera ndi lovuta la ma terpenoid, kuphatikizapo linalool, geraniol, nerol, indole, jasmone, ndi methyl salicylate. Ndizo mbiri ya terpene yomwe imapangitsa fungo lodziwika la uchi ndi orchid, lomwe limasiyanitsa dān cóng ndi ma ulong ena. Kuwotcha pa makala a lichee kumawonjezera mawu a caramel ndi furan.

8. Ubwino Wake:

Kukupatsani mphamvu: Kuchuluka kwa kafeini (3,8%) pamodzi ndi L-theanine kumapereka chilimbikitso chofewa koma chokhazikika cha dongosolo lamanjenje lapakati — kusangalala popanda nkhawa.
Kuteteza kwa antioxidant: Polyphenols ndi selenium wachilengedwe pamodzi amaletsa ma free radicals. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa ofufuza a ku China, mphamvu zochotsera ma free radicals pa dān cóng ya Xingning ndi 25% yapamwamba kuposa ma ulong wamba, makamaka chifukwa cha selenium.
Kuthandizira chakudya: Khalidwe la ulong yopangidwa pang’ono limapangitsa kuti ikhale yofewa m’mimba kusiyana ndi tii yobiriŵira. Ma catechin amathandiza kuti mafuta ochuluka asatengedwe, zomwe zakhala zikudziwika kuyambira kale akamadya mafuta ambiri.
Dongosolo la mtima ndi magazi: Kumwa ulong pafupipafupi kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusunga mulingo woyenera wa kolesterolini ndi kusintha kwa kusinthasintha kwa mitsempha — zotsatira zake zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi polyphenols ndi theaflavins.
Ntchito za ubongo: Kugwirira pamodzi kwa kafeini ndi L-theanine kumathandiza kukhala tcheru komanso kukumbukira kwa nthawi yochepa — chimodzi mwa zinthu zolembedwa bwino mu biochemistry ya tii.
Momwe khungu lilili: Ma antioxidants (polyphenols, selenium, vitamini E) angathe kuchedwetsa kukalamba chifukwa cha dzuwa.
Kuthandizira kagayidwe kachakudya: Ma ulong amawonedwa ngati tii yothandiza kuwongolera kulemera, chifukwa imalimbikitsa kutentha kwa thupi ndi kutentha kwa mafuta.
Kumwa tii mozindikira: Njira yophikira mobwerezabwereza m’njira ya gongfu imapanga nthawi yopumula, yomwe imathandiza kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa maganizo.

9. Kuphika:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 95–100 °C. Madzi otentha amalimbikitsidwa kuti amasule fungo lalikulu la dān cóng; kwa magulu opepuka a masika kungathe kutsika mpaka 92–95 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tii: 8 g pa 110 ml (chiŵerengero chachikale cha gongfu — 1:20).
Ziwiya: Gaiwan yoyera ya porcelain (盖碗, gàiwǎn) ndiyo njira yabwino: porcelain “simaba” fungo ndipo imalola kuwongolera bwino momwe imakhalira. Kwa magulu owotchedwa kwambiri, chitsulo cha Yixing chamtundu wofiirira (紫砂壶, zǐshā hú) chingagwiritsidwe ntchito, chomwe chimatsindika kuzama ndi kuzungulira kwa kukoma.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsani gaiwan ndi makapu ndi madzi otentha.
2. Thirani 8 g ya tii mu gaiwan lotentha.
3. Kutsuka: thirani madzi otentha kwa masekondi 3 ndikuthira msanga — “kudzutsa tsamba” (温润泡, wēnrùn pào).
4. Kuphika koyamba: masekondi 3, kenako thirani.
5. Thirani m’makapu, fungani fungo la chivindikiro — imodzi mwa nthawi zofunika kwambiri pakulawa dān cóng.
6. Kuphika kotsatira: onjezerani masekondi 5 nthawi iliyonse. Xingning Dān Cóng yabwino imapirira kuphika 8–12, ndipo magulu abwino kwambiri — mpaka 15.
Dziwani: Kuthira kwapamwamba (高冲, gāo chōng) — kuthira madzi kuchokera pamtunda wa 10–15 cm — kumathandiza “kuyambitsa” fungo, makamaka pakuphika koyambirira katatu kapena kanayi.

10. Kusunga:

Mkhalidwe wabwino: Kupakira mosamalitsa, malo ozizira ouma, osawala. Kuti musunge bwino fungo la uchi ndi orchid, firiji (0–5 °C) m’mafuta opanda mpweya kapena m’mafoil akulimbikitsidwa. Akatsegulidwa, amwe mu miyezi 6.
Magulu owotchedwa: Tii yomwe yawotchedwa kwambiri pa makala ikhoza kusungidwa pa kutentha wamba (pamalo ouma) ndipo imatha kupitiriza kukula pakapita nthawi — pakatha zaka 1–2, mawu a uchi amakula, fungo limakhala losatekeseka komanso logonera.
Adani a tii: Chinyezi (chowopsa kwambiri — tii ya Xingning imakonda kutenga chinyezi), fungo lina, kuwala kwa dzuwa, kutentha. Osasunga pafupi ndi zokometsera, khofi, kapena zonunkhira.
Chotengera: Zitini zachitsulo zokhala ndi zivindikiro zolimba, matumba a foil okhala ndi zip, kapena zotengera zopanda mpweya. Zosungira za ceramic ndizovomerezeka ngati zili ndi chitseko cha silicone.

11. Mtengo ndi Zabodza:

Gulu la mitengo: Msika wa Xingning Dān Cóng umagawidwa malinga ndi nyengo, kutalika kwa chomera, ntchito yamanja, ndi chizindikiro. Mitengo yoyerekezera m’misika ya ku China: gulu lapadera (特级) — kuyambira 600 yuan/jin (500 g) kupita m’mwamba; gulu loyamba (一级) — 200–400 yuan/jin (gawo lalikulu la zamalonda); tii wamba wamalo ogulitsira zakudya (大宗茶) — 80–150 yuan/jin. Magulu apamwamba a kumapeto a masika ochokera ku phiri la Huangfengwo kapena ku mitengo yazaka zana limodzi ku Heshui amatha kufika mitengo yapamwamba kwambiri pamisika.
Momwe mungapewere zabodza:
- Gulani kwa ogulitsa odziwika bwino ndi zolembedwa zotsimikizira kuti ndiwochokera ku malo ovomerezeka “兴宁单丛茶.”
- Onani kufanana kwa masamba owuma: dān cóng yeniyeni ya Xingning ndi mizera yolimba, yolinganizidwa bwino yonyezimira ngati mafuta, yopanda zidutswa ndi fumbi.
- Yang’anani fungo: fungo lachibadwa la uchi ndi orchid limakhala loyera ndi lokhazikika; fungo la “makemikolo,” fungo lamphamvu la maluwa, kapena fungo la shuga yopsereza ndi zizindikiro za kuwonjezera fungo kapena kuwotcha mopitirira muyeso.
- Yesani mtundu wa kumwa: wagolide-amber, wowala ngati galasi; mtundu wosamveka bwino kapena wakuda-bulauni umaonetsa zolakwika pakukonza.
- Khalani tcheru ndi mitengo yotsika kwambiri: ngati “dān cóng ya masika ya pamwamba pa mapiri” ikugulitsidwa pamtengo wochepera 150 yuan/jin, ndizotheka kuti akupatsani zopangira za m’chigwa kapena za chilimwe.

12. Zowonjezera Zochititsa Chidwi:

“Kwawo kwa dān cóng” — kunja kwa Fenghuang. M’maganizo a anthu ambiri, dān cóng imagwirizanitsidwa ndi phiri la Fenghuang (凤凰山) ku Chaozhou. Komabe, Xingning ndi dera loyamba ndi lokhalo kunja kwa Chaozhou lomwe linalandira ulemu wa “kwawo kwa dān cóng” (单丛茶之乡) kuyambira 1997. Izi zikutsimikizira kuvomerezedwa kwa kalembedwe kake kakumaloko.
Makala a lichee ngati chinsinsi cha kukoma. Kuwotcha pa makala a nkhuni za lichee (荔枝木炭焙) si luso lokha, komanso mbali ya chikhalidwe: lichee ndi imodzi mwa zipatso zodziwika bwino ku Guangdong, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito nkhuni zake kumagwirizanitsa tii ndi nthaka mophiphiritsira.
Malo a selenium. Nthaka za m’mapiri a Xingning zimakhala ndi selenium wachibadwa, zomwe ndi zosowa pa tii. Akuluakulu a m’derali amalimbikitsa “dān cóng ya selenium” (富硒单丛) ngati chakudya chogwira ntchito chokhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezera za antioxidant.
Masamba a chipale — chosowa cha dzinja. “Xuěpiàn chá” (雪片茶) — kukolola kwa dzinja chisanafike chipale chochepa (小雪) — amadziwika ndi fungo lake lachilendo la “kuzizira” komanso kupirira kuphikidwa. Kalembedwe kameneka kamapezeka kokha ku Guangdong.
Mitundu isanu ya fungo. Mu gulu la Xingning Dān Cóng, pali mitundu isanu yayikulu ya “njira za fungo” (香型, xiāngxíng): Huángzhī xiāng (黄枝香, fungo la gardenia), Zhīlán xiāng (芝兰香, fungo la orchid), Mìlán xiāng (蜜兰香, uchi ndi orchid), Yùguì xiāng (玉桂香, fungo la cassia), ndi Tōngtiān xiāng (通天香, “kupitirira kumwamba” fungo la lili ya ginger) — yotsirizirayi imadziwika kuti ndi yosowa komanso yodula kwambiri.

13. Kufanizira ndi ma dān cóng ena a ku Guangdong:

Fènghuáng Dān Cóng (凤凰单丛, Fènghuáng Dān Cóng): Dān cóng yachikale ya ku Chaozhou yochokera ku phiri la Fenghuang. Poyerekeza ndi ya Xingning, nthawi zambiri imagwedezeka mwamphamvu, zomwe zimapereka fungo lozama ndi lovuta kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe osonyeza. Ya Xingning ndiyopepuka, yatsopano, yokoma ngati “uchi” komanso yowawa pang’ono.
Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng (岭头单丛, Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng): Dān cóng yochokera ku dera la Raoping (饶平) m’boma la Chaozhou, yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa “Bái Yè Dān Cóng” — kwenikweni ndi mbeu yomweyi yomwe imalimidwa ku Xingning. Koma kusiyana kwa malo (Raoping ndi apansi komanso otentha) ndi luso kumapanga mbiri yosiyana: ya Lingtou ndi yozungulira, ya Xingning ndi ya maminelo komanso “yozizira.”
Zhīlán Xiāng Dān Cóng (芝兰香单丛): Kagawo kena ka fungo ka dān cóng ya ku Fenghuang yokhala ndi mbiri ya orchid wa cymbidium. M’ndandanda wa Xingning, Zhīlán Xiāng ndi umodzi mwa mitundu isanu, ndipo mtundu wake wakumaloko nthawi zambiri umakhala wofewa komanso wokoma kwambiri kuposa wa ku Chaozhou chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwaufupi.
Méizhōu Qí Lán (梅州奇兰, Méizhōu Qí Lán): Ulong yochokera m’chigawo chomwecho cha Meizhou, koma yopangidwa kuchokera ku mbeu ya Qí Lán (奇兰), yobwera kuchokera ku Fujian. Mbiri ya fungo ndi yochulukirapo komanso “ya Fujian” (mawu a sinamoni, cloves), mosiyana ndi mawu a uchi ndi zipatso a dān cóng.
Fènghuáng Shuǐxiān (凤凰水仙, Fènghuáng Shuǐxiān): Ulong wamba wa Guangdong wopangidwa kuchokera ku tchire la Shuǐxiān losasankhidwa popanda njira yapadera yokonza. Ndi yotsika kwambiri m’mafunso poyerekeza ndi dān cóng koma ndi yotsika mtengo. Dān cóng ya Xingning ili pakati: yovuta kuposa shuǐxiān, yotsika mtengo kuposa mitundu yapamwamba ya Fenghuang.

Pomaliza:

Xingning Dān Cóng ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha mmene tii imasamukira ndi kupeza maonekedwe atsopano. Mbande zomwe zinabwera kuchokera ku Chaozhou mu 1985, pa nthaka ya acidic ya m’mapiri yokhala ndi selenium yachibadwa ndipo m’manja mwa akatswiri a Ahaka, kwa zaka makumi anayi zakonza kalembedwe kake: katsopano, kotsekemera ngati uchi, ndi kuzizira kwa maminelo pambuyo pake ndi mawu ofunda a makala a lichee. Tii iyi ndi chisankho chabwino kwa oyamba kumene ku dziko la dān cóng ya Guangdong: ndi yosavuta kupeza kuposa mitundu yapamwamba ya Fenghuang, koma ili kale ndi zovuta za fungo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuphika kulikonse kukhale kupeza kwatsopano. Xingning Dān Cóng imatuluka bwino kwambiri mu mwambo wodekha wa gongfu — pamene pali nthawi yowonera mmene kumwa kwa tii kumatulukira m’kapu pa mphindi yachitatu kapena yachinayi, mafunde enieni a uchi ndi orchid, omwe tii iyi imapangidwira.