Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān

Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān ndi tiyi wapatali wathyathyathya wobiriwira wochokera ku Emeishan, wokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo cha dziko lonse (国家地理标志产品). Chizindikiro chake chachikulu ndi masamba ake athyathyathya amtundu wa “golide wam’chigwa” (谷黄), fungo lokhazikika la chestnut komanso kutsekemera kwamphamvu kotsalira kwanthawi yayitali. Tiyiyu amapangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zomwe zimalimidwa pamtunda wopitilira mamita 1,500, zomwe zimamuika m’gulu la tiyi weniweni wapamapiri wobiriwira wa Sichuan, wolowa m’malo mwamwambo wazaka zambiri wa Emei wa tiyi.

1. Kukhalitsidwa ndi M’mene Amachokera:

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (wosafufuzidwa). Amagawidwa m’gulu la tiyi wathyathyathya wokazingidwa (扁炒青, biǎn chǎo qīng) — tiyi wobiriwira wathyathyathya wokazingidwa.
• Gulu: Tiyi wa dera la China wokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo. Ndi chinthu chotetezedwa ndi dziko lonse la China (国家地理标志保护产品, Guójiā dìlǐ biāozhì bǎohù chǎnpǐn), chiphaso chinalandiridwa mchaka cha 2010. M’magulu a akatswiri, tiyiyu amatchedwa “emerald pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira” (绿茶中的翡翠, lǜchá zhōng de fěicuì).
• Kumene Amachokera: China, chigawo cha Sichuan (四川, Sìchuān), mzinda wa Emeishan (峨眉山市, Éméishān shì). Amapangidwa mdera lonse la mzindawo, ndipo phata lake ndi minda ya pamapiri a Emeishan.
• Malo a Geographic Coordinates: Pafupifupi 29°35′ N, 103°20′ E (dera la Heibaoshan).

2. Mbiri ndi Kufunika Kwake pa Chikhalidwe:

• Mbiri: Emeishan ndi amodzi mwa madera akale kwambiri opangira tiyi ku China. Mwambo wa tiyi wam’phirili unayamba nthawi ya mafumu a Tang (唐, 618–907): “Chá Jīng” (《茶经》, “Buku Loyera la Tiyi”) lolembedwa ndi Lu Yu (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) limatchula tiyi wa ku Emei, ndipo amonke a m’manyumba a chipembedzo am’phirili amagwiritsa ntchito tiyi posinkhasinkha komanso polandira alendo. M’nthawi ya Ming (明, 1368–1644), mfumu Hongwu (洪武, Zhū Yuánzhāng) — woyambitsa ufumuwu — malinga ndi nthano, anapatsa tiyi wa ku Emei dzina la “Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān” ndipo anawalowetsa m’gulu la tiyi woperekedwa kwa mfumu (贡茶, gòngchá). Nthano iyi imagwirizanitsa dzina la tiyi ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi mfumu, ngakhale kuti kutsimikizira kwake kuli kovuta.

  M’mbiri yamakono, zochitika zazikulu zinali: 1915 — tiyi wotchedwa “Xiehechang” (协和昌) wa mtundu wa zhu lan jing cha (珠兰精茶) wochokera ku Emeishan anapata mendulo ya golide pa Chiwonetsero cha Padziko Lonse cha Panama-Pacific ku San Francisco; 2002 — kukhazikitsidwa kwa kampani ya “Emeishan Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān Tea Company” (峨眉山仙芝竹尖茶业公司), yomwe inaphatikiza matekinoloje achikhalidwe; 2003 — kulandira mphotho ya padziko lonse ya “Eureka” (尤里卡金奖, Yóulǐkǎ Jīnjiǎng) — mphotho yapamwamba kwambiri ya khalidwe la zakudya; 2010 — kupeza udindo wa chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo cha dziko lonse; 2023 — mtengo wa mtundu wa “Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān” unapitilira 5 biliyoni ya yuan.

• Dzina:

  • “Xiān” (仙) — wosafa, wakumwamba.
  • “Zhī” (芝) — therere la chodabwitsa, bowa wachinsinsi wa lingzhi (chizindikiro cha mwayi).
  • “Zhú” (竹) — nsungwi.
  • “Jiān” (尖) — nsonga. Mwachidule: “Chomera Chosafa [chodabwitsa] — nsonga ya nsungwi.” Dzinali limaphatikiza zizindikiro za Chitao za moyo wosatha (xian-zhi) ndi chithunzi cha tsamba la tiyi, lakuthwa ndi lakhotongo, ngati nsonga ya nsungwi.

• Kufunika pa Chikhalidwe: Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān ndi chizindikiritso cha mwambo wa tiyi wa zaka zambiri wa Emeishan — phiri lopatulika lachibuda, limene linalowetsedwa m’ndandanda wa Malo a Cholowa cha Dziko Lonse cha UNESCO (kuyambira 1996). Kugwirizana kwake ndi nyumba ya mfumu ya Ming ndi nyumba za amonke achibuda, malo ake apamapiri, ndi mfundo zokhwima za kupanga zimamupatsa udindo wa mtundu wolemekezeka wa chigawo. Emeishan ndi limodzi mwa mapiri anayi opatulika achibuda ku China (pamodzi ndi Wutaishan, Jiuhuashan ndi Putuoshan), ndipo tiyi pano m’mbuyomu anali wosagawanika ndi moyo wa m’kachisi: amonke amalima, kukonza ndi kupereka tiyi kwa oyendayenda nga chisonyezero cha dhamma ndi kuchereza alendo. Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān akupitiliza mwambo umenewu, akudziyika kukhala tiyi woyenera kuperekedwa — kaya kwa mfumu kapena mlendo wolemekezeka. Zipani zankhondo za m’chisanja zisanafike Qingming zimayamikiridwa kwambiri.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Botanical ndi Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito:

• Mtundu / Cultivar: Mtundu waukulu (pafupifupi 70% ya zomera) ndi mtundu wochuluka wa Sichuan wokhala ndi masamba apakati ndi aang’ono (四川中小叶群体种, Sìchuān zhōng xiǎo yè qúntǐ zhǒng), womwe umatchedwanso “lao chuan cha” (老川茶) — “tiyi wakale wa Sichuan.” Uwu ndi Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, mtundu wa chitsamba, wokhala ndi masamba owulungika apakati, okhuthala ndi amnofu, okhala ndi ubweya wotukuka. Cultivar yenanso ndi Fuding Da Bai Cha (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dà Bái Chá), yodziwika ndi zokolola zake zazikulu ndi masamba otuwa.
• Kututa: Kututa kwa m’chisanja — kusanafike Qingming (清明) kwa magiredi apamwamba (明前茶, míng qián chá). Mlingo wa ma amino acid omasuka m’masamba a m’chisanja ndi ≥4.6%.
• Muyeso wa Kututa: Kwa giredi yapamwamba “Xuanjian” — masamba amodzi okha (单芽). Kwa magiredi “He” ndi “Ya” — tsamba limodzi ndi masamba awele (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè). Pofuna kupanga magalamu 500 a tiyi wamagiredi apamwamba, pamafunika pafupifupi masamba 35,000 a tiyi.
• Zofunikira pa zipangizo: Masamba ndi mphukira ziyenera kukhala zofanana, zatsopano, zopanda kuvulala ndipo zopanda zizindikiro za tizirombo. Kututa kumachitika ndi manja.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

• Dera: Dera lonse la mzinda wa Emeishan (峨眉山市), chigawo cha Sichuan. Phata la kupanga ndi munda wa tiyi wa Heibaoshan (黑包山茶场, Hēibāo Shān cháchǎng), womwe uli pa utali wa mamita 1500–1800 m’dera la nkhalango yakweru. Pafupifupi 40% ya minda ya tiyi ku Heibaoshan ndi mitengo yopitilira zaka 30.

• Utali wa Kumera: Mamita 1500–1800 — ndi wapatali kwambiri kuposa tiyi ambiri wobiriwira wa Sichuan, zomwe zimatsimikizira mkhalidwe wodziwika wa “kumapiri” wa phindu lake.

• Nyengo: Nyengo ya subtropical monsoon yokhala ndi zosintha zamapiri. Kutentha kwapachaka m’dera la minda ndi 16–18 °C. Chinyezi chachibale cha mlengalenga ndi ≥80%. Masiku a chifunde ndi ≥200 pachaka. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kutentha kwa masana ndi usiku. Chinyezi chokwera ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwala kofalikira kumachedwetsa kukula kwa mphukira, zomwe zimathandiza kudzikundika kwa ma amino acid, chlorophyll ndi zinthu zonunkhira.

• Nthaka: Nthaka zamapiri zofiira-zachikasu (红黄壤, hóng huáng rǎng) zokhala ndi chigawo chakuda chokhathamira (≥80 cm), chokhala ndi acidity (pH 4.5–6.5), ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamoyo (≥3%). Nthaka yokhala ndi madzi obwera bwino, yodzaza ndi michere.

• Chilengedwe: Kuchuluka kwa nkhalango m’derali ndi 93%. Phata la minda lili m’dera lachitetezo cha madzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamakemikolo ndi mankhwala ophera tizirombo n’koletsedwa kwathunthu — kumangogwiritsa ntchito ulimi wachilengedwe. Gawo lina la zokolola lili ndi ziphaso za miyezo ya European Union (giredi ya “Xuanjian”). Emeishan ndi kwawo kwa mitundu yopitilira 5,000 ya zomera ndi mitundu 2,300 ya nyama, ndipo minda ya tiyi imagwirizana bwino ndi chilengedwechi: tchire limamera pansi pa mitengo yayikulu yobiriwira nthawi zonse ndi maphiri a nsungwi, zomwe zimapanga mthunzi wachilengedwe. Kusiyanasiyana kwa zamoyo kotere kumapereka ulamuliro wachilengedwe wa tizirombo, zomwe zimachepetsa kufunika kwa mankhwala ophera tizirombo.

5. Tekinoloje ya Kupanga:

Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān ndi tiyi wathyathyathya wobiriwira. Chosiyanitsa cha kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nsungwi ndi matabwa pa magawo onse (kupewa kukhudza chitsulo pofuna kupewa kutha kwa mpweya), komanso njira yachikhalidwe ya “chóng là mǒ guō” (虫蜡抹锅) — kupaka poto ndi sera kuti tsamba likhale lowala.

• Kuyala (摊放 — tān fàng): Zipangizo zomwe zangotutidwa kumene zimayalidwa m’mizere yopyapyala pa mapaleti a nsungwi m’chipinda cholowera mpweya. Zimakhala pafupifupi maola 6 kuti achotse chinyezi cha pamwamba ndi kuyambitsa njira za enzyme zomwe zimapanga zoyambitsa fungo.

• Kukhazikitsa zobiriwira (杀青 — shā qīng): Kukonza m’chowotcha chosinthira (滚筒杀青, gǔntǒng shā qīng) pa kutentha kwakukulu ~280 °C. Zimapha ma enzyme, kusunga mtundu wobiriwira, ndi kuchotsa fungo la udzu wosaphika.

• Kupanga maonekedwe (理条做形 — lǐ tiáo zuò xíng): Masamba amayalidwa ndi kukanikizidwa ndi manja (手工拍压, shǒugōng pāi yā) pa kutentha kwa ~80 °C, kumapeza maonekedwe ake athyathyathya, owongoka, owoneka ngati nsonga ya nsungwi. Ntchito zonse zimachitika ndi zida za nsungwi ndi matabwa.

• Kuzizilitsa (摊凉 — tān liáng): Masamba amayalidwa kuti azizilire mwachilengedwe, kukhazikitsa maonekedwe ndi kupewa “kuphika kwambiri.”

• Kuwotcha komaliza ndi kukweza fungo (辉锅提香 — huī guō tí xiāng): Kuwotcha pang’onopang’ono pa kutentha kochepa (~60 °C) kuti achotse chinyezi chotsalira (mpaka ≤6.5%), kukhazikitsa maonekedwe, ndi kukulitsa fungo la chestnut.

• Zosiyanitsa za tekinoloje: Ntchito yonse imachitika ndi manja pogwiritsa ntchito zida za nsungwi ndi matabwa — chitsulo sichigwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupewa kutha kwa mpweya wa polyphenols pamene zikukhudza chitsulo. Njira yachikhalidwe ya “chóng là mǒ guō” (虫蜡抹锅) — kupaka poto ndi sera yoyera — imapatsa tsamba kuwala kosalala. Kwa magalamu 500 a tiyi wamagiredi apamwamba, pamafunika pafupifupi masamba 35,000. Zokolola zonse zimayang’aniridwa 100% pa zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizirombo.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:

• Maonekedwe a Masamba Owuma: Masamba athyathyathya, owongoka, ofanana, owoneka ngati nsonga ya mphukira ya nsungwi. Mtundu wa magiredi apamwamba ndi “golide wam’chigwa” (谷黄, gǔ huáng): wofunda wachikasu-chobiriwira wokhala ndi kuwala kwa golide, womwe umadziwika ndi tiyi wa masamba amodzi okha. Magiredi oyenerera ndi obiriwira-chikasu. Pamwamba pake ndi losalala, lowala pang’ono chifukwa cha kukonza kwachikhalidwe ndi sera.

• Kununkhira kwa Masamba Owuma: Fungo lokhazikika la chestnut (栗香, lì xiāng) — ndiyo fungo lalikulu, chizindikiro cha tiyiyu. Pambuyo pake, kumamveka kutsitsimuka kwa maluwa ndi fungo losalala la “kutsitsimuka” (嫩香, nèn xiāng), lomwe limapezeka m’ma tiyi omwe anatutidwa Qingming isanafike.

• Kununkhira kwa Mphika: La chestnut, lodzaza komanso lokhalitsa, lomwe limatulutsa fungo latsopano lobiriwira. Fungo limakhalabe pamiphika yambiri.

• Kukoma: Kutsitsimuka kowonekera (鲜爽, xiān shuǎng) ndi kutsekemera kwa amino acid kotchedwa ‘umami’ komwe kumawonekera kwambiri. Thupi lake ndi lapakati, losalala komanso lotetemera (滑, huá). Kuwawa ndi kukhetsa n’kochepa kwambiri (mlingo wa polyphenols ndi 14.7%, wotsikirapo poyerekeza ndi tiyi wobiriwira). Kutsalira kwa nthawi yayitali, kotsekemera komanso kopepuka (回甘绵长, huígān mián cháng).

• Mtundu wa Mphika: Wobiriwira-wofalikira, wowala komanso wowoneka bwino (嫩绿明亮, nèn lǜ míng liàng). Kwa tiyi wa Qingming, ndi wotumbululuka kwambiri komanso “wonyezimira.”

• Pansi pa Tiyi (masamba ophikidwa): Ofanana, wobiriwira-wofalikira, odzaza madzi. Masamba ndi masamba amatha kutseguka ngati “timabuku tating’ono” (成朵, chéng duǒ), kusunga mtundu watsopano wobiriwira ndi mawonekedwe amoyo.

7. Mankhwala Amene Amakhalamo:

• Polyphenols (catechins): Mlingo wa polyphenols a tiyi ndi pafupifupi 14.7% (wotsikirapo poyerekeza ndi tiyi wobiriwira, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha malo apamapiri ndi kututa koyambirira). Ma catechins akulu: EGCG, EC, ECG. Kuchuluka kochepa kwa polyphenols poyerekeza ndi ma amino acid kumatsimikizira kufewa komanso kusowa kuwawa kokhazikika.
• Ma Amino Acid: Kuchuluka kwakukulu — ≥4.6% m’masamba a m’chisanja (kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa avareji ya tiyi wobiriwira). L-theanine ndiyo yochuluka, imapereka kutsitsimuka, kutsekemera ndi zotsatira zopumula.
• Alkaloids: Mlingo wa caffeine ndi wapakati, womwe umapezeka m’ma tiyi apamapiri a m’chisanja (pafupifupi 25–35 mg/g). Palinso theobromine ndi theophylline.
• Mavitamini: Vitamini A (β-carotene) — mlingo wake, malinga ndi zomwe zilipo, ndi 50% wokulirapo kuposa avareji ya tiyi wobiriwira. Vitamini C — ndi yochuluka chifukwa cha tekinoloje yopepuka yopangira. Mavitamini a gulu B.
• Mchere: Potaziyamu, magnesiyamu, zinki, manganese, florayidi, seleniyamu. Chigawo chakuda champhamvu cha nthaka zamapiri zofiira-zachikasu chimapereka ma element osiyanasiyana.
• Chlorophyll: Kuchuluka kwake, chifukwa chokhala kwa nthawi yayitali kwa tchire la tiyi m’malo owala ofalikira komanso m’mitambo.
• Mafuta Ofunika: Amachititsa fungo lokhazikika la chestnut (栗香). Amapangika panthawi yomaliza yowotcha pa kutentha kochepa.

8. Ubwino Wake:

• Kuteteza kwa Antioxidant: Polyphenols a tiyi amalepheretsa magulu aulere. Malinga ndi zomwe zanenedwa, mphamvu ya antioxidant ya polyphenols a tiyi imaposa ya vitamini E kuwirikiza 18.

• Kuthandiza Kusakaniza kwa Mafuta: Ma catechins amathandiza kugawa mafuta, ndipo amathandizira mlingo wa mafuta m’magazi.

• Kuteteza Chiwindi ndi Kuthandiza Maso: Kuchuluka kwa vitamini A (β-carotene) kumathandiza kugwira ntchito kwa chiwindi komanso thanzi la maso.

• Kupatsa Mphamvu: Kuphatikizana koyenera kwa caffeine ndi L-theanine kumapereka kusangalala kofewa komanso kokhazikika popanda kuthamangitsa kwakukulu.

• Kuteteza Mkamwa: Florayidi ndi ma catechins amalimbitsa enamel ya mano ndipo amakhala ndi antibacterial.

• Kuthandiza Kugwira Ntchito kwa Ubongo: L-theanine imathandiza kukhazikika koganiza bwino, kuwongolera chidwi ndi kupanga mafunde a alpha mu ubongo.

• Kulimbikitsa Mthupi: Kuphatikizana kwa mavitamini C ndi E, ma element osiyanasiyana ndi polyphenols kumathandiza kuteteza mthupi.

• Chofunika: Chidziŵitso ichi ndi cha chidziŵitso chabe, osati malangizo a zamankhwala.

9. Mmene Amaphikira:

• Kutentha kwa Madzi: 85–90 °C pa kapu yagalasi; pa magiredi apamwamba (Xuanjian, Teji) kumatha kutsika kufika 80 °C. Madzi otentha kwambiri kuposa 90 °C saloledwa — mphika umakhala wachikasu, kuwawa kumawonekera.

• Mlingo wa Tiyi: Magalamu 4 pa mamililita 200 (multiplier 1:50).

• Chombo: Kapu yagalasi yowonekera — kuti muone “kuvina” kwa masamba ndi kuyesa mtundu wa mphika. Gaiwan (盖碗) yoyera ya porcelain — yofunikira pa kalembedwe ka gongfu, yomwe imalola kuti fungo la chestnut lifike bwino.

• Kapu ya Galasi (玻璃杯泡法):

  1. Thirani kapu ndi madzi otentha ndipo khetsani.
  2. Ikani magalamu 4 a tiyi.
  3. Dzanizani madzi 85–90 °C kufika 1/3 ya voliyumu, gwedezani kapu kuti “adzutse fungo” (摇香).
  4. Onjezani madzi kufika 7/10 ya voliyumu.
  5. Phika koyamba — mphindi imodzi. Mwani kufika 2/3, kenako onjezani madzi otentha.

• Gaiwan (盖碗泡法):

  1. Tenthetsani gaiwan.
  2. Ikani tiyi, chitani kutsuka mwachangu (润茶, rùn chá) — masekondi 5, khetsani.
  3. Phika koyamba — masekondi 15–20, ndikuwonjezera nthawi pang’onopang’ono.
  4. Magiredi apamwamba amatha kupsyina miphika 8–10.

• Zindikirani: Tiyi yemwe wangotsegulidwa kumene amalimbikitsidwa kumuyika kwa masiku 7 m’malo amdima kuti “achotse moto” (褪火气, tuì huǒqì) — kufewetsa kutentha kotsalira kochokera ku kukonza. Phukusi lotsegulidwa n’kofunika kumwa mkati mwa maola 72 kuti asunge fungo lapamwamba. Salimbikitsidwa kumwa pamimba yopanda kanthu — ma tannins amatha kupsinjitsa mphutsi za m’mimba.

10. Kusunga:

• Kutentha: Moyenera — m’firiji, 0–5 °C. Kwa tiyi wapamapiri wobiriwira, kusungira pamalo ozizira ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti asunge kutsitsimuka, mtundu wobiriwira komanso fungo la chestnut.
• Chombo: Chotsekedwa bwino, chosawala. Choyenera ndicho phukusi lopanda mpweya lodzazidwa ndi nitrogen kapena matumba a aluminiyamu.
• Adani a Tiyi: Kuwala (kumawononga chlorophyll), chinyezi (chimayambitsa kutha kwa mpweya ndi nkhungu), kutentha kwakukulu (kumathandizira kufooka kwa ma amino acid ndi zinthu zonunkhira), fungo lachilendo.
• Nthawi ya Kusunga: Amamveka bwino kwambiri m’miyezi 6 yoyamba. Mu phukusi lotsekedwa bwino pa 0–5 °C — mpaka miyezi 18. Phukusi lotsegulidwa n’kofunika kumwa mkati mwa maola 72 kuti asunge fungo lapamwamba, makamaka — mkati mwa miyezi 1–2.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

• Gulu la Mtengo: Tiyi amagawidwa m’magiredi:

  • Xuanjian (玄鉴, “Galasi Lobisika”) — chiphaso cha organic ya EU, kututa kotheratu ndi manja kwa masamba amodzi. Gulu la mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri.
  • Teji (特级) — masamba amodzi a Qingming (≥95%), athyathyathya, owongoka, amtundu wa “golide wam’chigwa”, fungo lokhazikika la chestnut. Mtengo wake ndi ≥2000 yuan pa jin (500 g).
  • Giredi yoyamba (一级) — tsamba limodzi ndi masamba awele otseguka, kukoma kwake ndi kwatsopano komanso kokhalitsa. 800–1500 yuan pa jin.
  • Giredi yachiwiri (二级) — tsamba limodzi ndi masamba awiri, fungo loyera, kupirira bwino kupsyina. 400–800 yuan pa jin.

• Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:

  • Gulani tiyi kwa ogulitsa ovomerezeka kapena m’masitolo ovomerezeka. Yang’anani chizindikiro cha malo (国家地理标志).
  • Yang’anani maonekedwe: Teji weniweni amakhala ndi masamba amodzi ofanana, athyathyathya ndi owongoka, amtundu wofanana wa golide-wobiriwira. Kusakanikirana kwa masamba amitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena mtundu wonyozeka ndi chizindikiro cha khalidwe lotsika kapena chinyengo.
  • Kununkhira: Fungo la chestnut (栗香) liyenera kukhala lokhalitsa ndi loyera, popanda kuvunda kapena nkhungu.
  • Mphika: wobiriwira-wofalikira, wowoneka komanso wowala. Kukhala wa matope, mtundu wakuda wachikasu ndi zizindikiro zochenjeza.
  • Mtengo: “Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān” wotsika mtengo mokayikitsa ayi, mwachionekere, ndi chinyengo chochokera ku zipangizo za dera lina kapena giredi ina.

12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:

• Malinga ndi nthano ya kumaloko, dzina lakuti “Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān” linaperekedwa ndi mfumu Hongwu (朱元璋) — woyambitsa ufumu wa Ming, yemwe adalowetsa tiyi wa ku Emei m’gulu la tiyi woperekedwa kunyumba ya mfumu. Ngakhale kuti kutsimikizira nkhaniyi m’zolemba n’kovuta, kugwirizana kwa Emeishan ndi tiyi woperekedwa kwa mfimu ndi kolondola: m’nthawi ya Ming, nyumba za amonke za phirili zinkapereka tiyi kunyumba ya mfumu.
• M’chaka cha 1915, tiyi wochokera ku Emeishan — tiyi wa zhu lan jing cha wa mtundu wa “Xiehechang” — adapata mendulo ya golide pa Chiwonetsero Chodziwika bwino cha Padziko Lonse cha Panama-Pacific ku San Francisco, pampando umodzi ndi Maotai ndi zizindikiro zina za luso laku China.
• Phata la minda — Heibaoshan — lili m’dera la nkhalango yakweru yokhala ndi nkhalango 93%. Mitengo ina ya tiyi imakhala ndi mizu yofika pansi kufika 6 mita, zomwe zimawalola kutulutsa michere kuchokera kumtima wapansi pa miyala.
• Kupanga Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān kumachitika popanda kuti zipangizo zikhudze zida zachitsulo pamagawo onse — amangogwiritsa ntchito nsungwi ndi matabwa okha. Amakhulupilira kuti izi zimalepheretsa kutha kwa mpweya kwa polyphenols pang’ono ndi kusunga kuyera kwa kukoma.
• M’chaka cha 2023, mtengo wa mtundu wa “Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān” unayerekezedwa kukhala wopitilira 5 biliyoni ya yuan (~700 million USD), zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala umodzi mwa mitundu yokwera mtengo kwambiri ya tiyi ku Sichuan.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Ena Obiriwira:

• Zhú Yè Qīng (竹叶青, Zhú Yè Qīng): Wodziwika bwino “woyandikana naye” wochokera ku Emeishan. Onse awiri ndi tiyi wathyathyathya wobiriwira wochokera kudera limodzi, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu: Zhú Yè Qīng amalimidwa pamtunda wocheperako (800–1200 m) ndipo ali ndi mtundu wowala wobiriwira wa emerald; Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān ndi wapamapiri kwambiri (1500–1800 m), wokhala ndi chithunzithunzi cha golide-chachikasu cha magiredi apamwamba. Kununkhira kwa Zhú Yè Qīng kumakhala kwambiri maluwa; Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān kumakhala kwambiri la chestnut. Zhú Yè Qīng ndi chizindikiro cholembetsedwa cha kampani imodzi; Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān ndi chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo.

• Méngdǐng Gān Lù (蒙顶甘露, Méngdǐng Gānlù): Tiyi wodziwika wa ku Sichuan wochokera ku Mengdingshan, koma wokulungika (osati wathyathyathya). Kukoma kwa Gān Lù ndi “mtundu wa jade” komanso kofewa, ndi fungo lalikulu la maluwa. Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān ndi wokhala ndi dongosolo, wokhala ndi chizindikiritso chodziwika cha chestnut.

• Xīhú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Chitsanzo cha tiyi wathyathyathya wobiriwira. Lóngjǐng anachokera ku Zhejiang, amalimidwa pamtunda wocheperako (100–300 m), ali ndi maonekedwe akuluakulu a tsamba ndi fungo lowotcha kwambiri. Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān ndi wapamwamba, wakuthwa komanso wochepa, wokhala ndi amino acid profile yofewa.

• Tàipíng Hóu Kuí (太平猴魁, Tàipíng Hóu Kuí): Tiyi wathyathyathya wobiriwira wochokera ku Anhui, koma wamkulu kwambiri (masamba mpaka 5–7 cm). Tàipíng Hóu Kuí ndi wamphamvu ndi wonunkhira ngati orchid; Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān ndi wochepako, wocheperako, wokhala ndi chidwi cha fungo la chestnut ndi kutsitsimuka kwa pamapiri.

Pomaliza:

Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān ndi amodzi mwa tiyi omwe amawulula malo awo molondola ngati zolembedwa: chithunzithunzi chagolide cha masamba omwe adapta mphamvu pamtunda wa mamita 1,500 m’mitambo ya Emeishan, fungo lokhazikika la chestnut lobadwa kuchokera ku zida za nsungwi ndi moto wapang’onopang’ono, ndi kutsekemera kotentha kwa nthawi yayitali komwe kumamveka kuya kwa miyala ya nthaka zamapiri. Uwu ndi tiyi wa iwo omwe amayamikira osati dzina lalikulu, koma chowonadi — ndipo amakonzeka kulifufuza mu bata la gaiwan, potsukula kena ndi kena.