Wǔfēng Máo Jiān · new.thetea.app

Wǔfēng Máo Jiān ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa mbiri yakale wochokera kumadzulo kwa Húběi, womwe unamera m’mapiri kumene, monga momwe Lù Yǔ (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) ananenera, “kunali mitengo ya tiyi imene anthu awiri sankakwanitsa kuikumbatira m’manja.” Dera la Wǔfēng (五峰) lili m’gulu la madera ofunika kwambiri a tiyi m’chigwa cha Yangtze, ndipo tiyi yemweyi amadziŵika ndi fungo la mtedza wa chestnut (栗香, lì xiāng) komanso mkaka wokhuthala ndi wokhalitsa — kuphatikiza kosowa pa máo jiān wosalala.

1. Kugawa ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (wosatenthedwa). Kukhazikika kwa masamba (杀青, shāqīng) kumaleketsa makutsiro kwathunthu; njira yayikulu ndiyo yowotcha m’chiwaya (炒青, chǎoqīng).
Gulu: Tiyi wa mbiri yakale wa dera; wokhala ndi chitetezo cha chizindikiro cha malo (地理标志产品, dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn). Ndi wa gulu la “máo jiān” (毛尖, máo jiān) — “nsonga zaubweya,” lomwe limaphatikiza tiyi wobiriwira wokhala ndi ubweya wochuluka pa tinthu tating’ono, toongoka.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Húběi (湖北, Húběi), mzinda wa Yíchāng (宜昌, Yíchāng), chigaŵa chodzilamulira cha Wǔfēng cha fuko la Tǔjiā (五峰土家族自治县, Wǔfēng Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn). Midzi yayikulu yopangira: Cǎihuā (采花乡, Cǎihuā xiāng) — pakatikati pa dera, Wǔfēng (五峰镇), Yúyángguān (渔洋关镇), Chánglèpíng (长乐坪镇), Xīngyánpíng (星岩坪).
Zogwirizana za malo: Pafupifupi 30.20° kumpoto, 110.67° kum’maŵa (pakati pa chigaŵa cha Wǔfēng). Chigaŵa chonse ndi mapiri ogwirizana pakati pa mapiri a Wǔlíng (武陵山, Wǔlíng shān) ndi kum’mawa kwa mapiri a Yúnnán-Guìzhōu.

2. Mbiri ndi Kufunika kwa Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Mbiri ya tiyi ya Wǔfēng imachokera zaka zoposa zikwi ziŵiri. M’buku la “Chá Jīng” (《茶经》, Chá Jīng) la Lù Yǔ, lolembedwa m’nthawi ya Táng (唐, Táng), dera la Xiázhōu (峡州, Xiázhōu) — lomwe limaphatikiza Wǔfēng, Chángyáng, Yídū ndi Yíchāng — limatchulidwa ngati malo amene mitengo ikuluikulu ya tiyi inkamera. Mu chaputala chakuti “Chisanu ndi chitatu — Zokolola” (八之出, bā zhī chū), Lù Yǔ amaika tiyi wa ku Xiázhōu pamalo oyamba pakati pa tiyi wa dera la Shānnán (山南): “Shānnán — Xiázhōu ndiye wabwino kwambiri, Xiāngzhōu ndi Jīngzhōu ndi otsatira.” Buku lakuti “Mbiri ya chigaŵa cha Chánglè” ya m’nthawi ya Qīng (清《长乐县志》) — pomwe Chánglè linali dzina lakale la Wǔfēng — likulemba kuti “mu mwezi wa Chitatu, akazi onse amatuluka kukakolola tiyi; tiyi wokololedwa pa Cīngmíng ndi yúqián-xīchá; wokololedwa pa Gǔyǔ ndi gǔyǔ-xīchá; palinso Bái Máo Jiān, Rónggōu ndi tiyi ena otchuka.” M’chaka cha 1853, chigaŵachi chinali kale kupanga tiyi wotchedwa wolemekezeka. Mbiri yamasiku ano ya mtundu wa “Wǔfēng Máo Jiān” imagwirizana ndi ntchito ya kampani ya “Cǎihuā cháyè” (采花茶业), yomwe m’zaka za 1980 inaphatikiza luso la manja lakale ndi makina opangira. M’chaka cha 1991, m’gulu la tiyi la Yíchāng linafika pa kupanga matani opitirira 5 400, pomwe tiyi wobiriwira anali pafupifupi matani 4 350. M’chaka cha 2009, luso lopanga Cǎihuā Máo Jiān (采花毛尖) linalowetsedwa m’ndandanda wa cholowa chosadziŵika cha chikhalidwe cha dera la Húběi. M’chaka cha 2020, miyezo ya “Yíchāng Máo Jiān” (《宜昌毛尖》) ndi “Yíchāng Máo Jiān Processing Technical Regulation” inafalitsidwa, ndipo mtundu wapagulu wa m’deralo wa “Yíchāng Máo Jiān” unayambitsidwa mwalamulo. Chigaŵa cha Wǔfēng chili ndi malo onse a minda ya tiyi oposa 22 万 mu (pafupifupi mahekitala 14 700) ndi kupanga kwapachaka kopitirira matani 28 000 (malinga ndi ziŵerengero za 2021), ndipo ndi dera lotsogola la tiyi m’chigawo cha Húběi.
Dzina: Wǔfēng (五峰, Wǔfēng) kwenikweni amatanthauza — “Nsonga zisanu,” dzina la chigaŵa, limasonyeza malo a mapiri. Máo (毛, máo) — “ubweya”; zikutanthauza ubweya woyera (白毫, báiháo) pa mawonekedwe a tinthu ta tiyi. Jiān (尖, jiān) — “nsonga,” “chakuthwa”; zikutanthauza nsonga yopyapyala ya mphukira. Motero, dzina lonse lingatanthauzidwe ngati “nsonga za ubweya zochokera ku nsonga zisanu.”
Kufunika kwa chikhalidwe: Wǔfēng ali ndi ulemu wotchedwa “Kwawo kwa tiyi wotchuka wa China” (中国名茶之乡, Zhōngguó míngchá zhī xiāng). Derali mwakale limalumikizidwa ndi “Great Tea Road” (万里茶道, Wànlǐ chá dào): njira yakale ya tiyi ku Wǔfēng yokhala ndi milatho ya miyala, nyumba zosungira makalata, nyumba za amalonda, ndi malo ogulitsira tiyi ndi mbali ya malo omwe ali m’ndandanda wanthawi yake wa malo a cholowa chadziko lapansi cha UNESCO. Kumwa tiyi kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha mtundu wa Tǔjiā (土家族, Tǔjiāzú), womwe uli ndi anthu ochuluka m’chigaŵachi: zikondwerero za tiyi ndi mpikisano wopanga zolawiridwa zomwe zimachitika chaka chilichonse ndipo zimatsagana ndi nyimbo ndi miyambo ya mtunduwo.

3. Kufotokoza kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis.
Mtundu wa mbewu: Maziko a zopangira akupangidwa ndi mitundu yapaderadera (群体种, qúntǐ zhǒng) — minda yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe yazolowera malo a mapiri a Wǔfēng kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Mitengo yakale ingapo m’dera lotetezedwa la mudzi wa Nánmùqiáo (楠木桥村, Nánmùqiáo cūn) ili ndi zaka zoposa 100. Kuphatikiza apo, m’chigaŵachi mwabzalidwa mitundu ingapo yalinga la dera: Wǔfēng 212 (五峰212), Wǔfēng 310 (五峰310) ndi È chá 7 (鄂茶7号, È chá 7 hào), yomwe imadziŵika ndi ma amino acid ochuluka.
Kukolola: Makamaka m’nyengo ya masika. Kukolola kumayamba pakati pa mwezi wa Malichi ndi kupitirira mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Wofunika kwambiri ndi wamasika oyamba, kukololedwa pafupi ndi Qīngmíng (清明, Qīngmíng) ndiponso pakati pa Qīngmíng ndi Gǔyǔ (谷雨, Gǔyǔ).
Mulingo wa kukolola: Kwa gulu lapadera (特级, tèjí) — mphukira imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi potsegula koyamba (一芽一叶初展, yī yá yī yè chūzhǎn). Kwa gulu loyamba — mphukira imodzi ndi masamba aŵiri potsegula koyamba (一芽二叶初展). Kwa gulu lachiŵiri — mphukira imodzi ndi masamba aŵiri (一芽二叶). Kwa gulu lachitatu — mphukira imodzi ndi masamba aŵiri kapena atatu, ololedwa masamba otiyana (对夹叶, duìjiā yè).
Zofunika pa zopangira: Zatsopano, zopanda zilema, zopanda kuwonongeka m’makina ndi kutentha kwambiri. Kutumiza kuchokera m’munda kupita ku fakitale kumaikidwa mu nthawi yochepera momwe kungatheke kuti chitetezeke kuyamba kwa makutsiro.

4. Malo Amene Timamera ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Chigaŵa chodzilamulira cha Wǔfēng cha fuko la Tǔjiā chiri kumadzulo kwenikweni kwa chigawo cha Húběi, pamphambano ya mapiri a Wǔlíng ndi kum’mawa kwenikweni kwa mapiri a Yúnnán-Guìzhōu. Malo onse ndi a mapiri, opanda zigwa.

Kutalika kwa kumera: Kuyambira mamita 150 (pansi-pa zigwa za mitsinje) mpaka 2 320 m (nsonga yapamwamba ya chigaŵa). Minda ikuluikulu ya tiyi imamera pamtunda wa mamita 600–1 200, zomwe zimapereka mtundu wamapiri weniweni wa tiyi.
Nyengo: Ya nyengo yamvula ndi dzuwa ya m’madera otentha yokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chigwa cha mtsinje wa Yangtze. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka 13–17 °C. Mvula yapachaka — pafupifupi 1 600 mm (pa masiku pafupifupi 166 amvula). Nthawi yopanda chisanu — pafupifupi masiku 240. Chinyezi chambiri cham’mlengalenga ndi nthunzi zambiri (chifunga) — kufika masiku 200 a mitambo pachaka — zimapereka kuwala kochuluka, komwe kumachititsa kuti mu tsamba mukhale ndi ma amino acid ochuluka ndi ma catechin ochepera, zomwe zimapanga kukoma kwakuthwa, kwotsekemera.
Dothi: Dothi la m’mapiri la mtundu wa yellow-brown, la acid (mountain yellow earths), lolemera ndi zinthu zachilengedwe komanso lothira ma microelements — zinki (Zn) ndi selenium (Se). Kukhala ndi acidity (pH 4.5–5.5) ndi yabwino kwa chitsamba cha tiyi.
Ulimi: Chigaŵachi chikakhazikika pa kulima kwa chilengedwe. Panakhazikitsidwa malo a zakudya zobiriwira za dziko lonse (green food raw material base) la mahekitala 100 000 mu (~6 670 ha) ndi malo otumiza kunja okhazikitsidwa, ovomerezedwa kuti atumize ku EU, — 25 000 mu. Akugwiritsa ntchito njira yophatikiza yoteteza zomera (kuyendetsa zilombo zowononga zobiriwira) ndi kusamalira matenda m’njira yagulu.

5. Tekinoloje ya Kupanga:

Wǔfēng Máo Jiān ndi tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga (炒青绿茶, chǎoqīng lǜchá) wokhala ndi fungo la mtedza wa chestnut lomveka bwino, lomwe limapangidwa pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukazinga ndi kuyanika kotsatira. Luso lakale la manja, lomwe linkaphatikiza magawo anayi oyambira (kukolola — kukazinga — kukulunga — kutentha m’ng’anjo), kuyambira 1951 linayamba kuthandizidwa ndi makina pang’onopang’ono; komabe magulu a manja (手工制作, shǒugōng zhìzuò) amawonedwa ngati apamwamba mpaka lero ndipo amapangidwa m’kuchuluka kocheperako. Ntchito yathunthu ya manja imatenga pafupifupi maola asanu ndi atatu.

Kukolola (采摘 — cǎizhāi): Kusankha pamanja kwa nthambi m’maŵa, kusanachitike kutentha. Zopangira zimatengedwa kupita ku fakitale mu madengu a nsungwi (竹篮, zhúlán) kuti zisunge mpweya wabwino.
Kuyala / kufowoketsa (摊青 — tānqīng): Masamba atsopano amayalidwa mosanjikiza m’chipinda chozizira, chopanda mpweya wambiri kuti chinyezi chizikhala chofanana ndi kuyamba pang’ono kutuluka, nthawi zambiri kwa maola 2-4. Gawo ili limakonzekeretsa tsamba kuti lizingidwe, kuchepetsa chinyezi chochuluka.
Kukhazikitsa masamba (杀青 — shāqīng): Gawo lofunika kwambiri. Tsamba limakazingidwa mu chiwaya chotentha kwambiri kapena pa silinda ya makina pa kutentha kwa 160–200 °C. Kutentha kwakukulu kumalepheretsa polyphenol oxidase, kumasiya makutsiro, ndi kupanga maziko a fungo la mtedza wa chestnut. Kutalika kwake ndi mphindi 6-8. Makhalidwe apadera a tekinoloje ndi kutsindika kwenikweni pa kukazinga (炒青技术, chǎoqīng jìshù), osati kuthira nthunzi, zomwe zikufotokozera kamvekedwe kake ka mtedza.
Kuzizira / kuyala (摊凉 — tānliáng): Tsamba lokazingidwa limayalidwa pang’ono kuti lizizire ndi kukhazikika lisanalikulungidwe.
Kukulunga (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Tsamba limakulungidwa kuti liphwanye makhoma a maselo ndi kutulutsa msuzi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kukoma kwa tiyi kukhale kwathunthu pamene akupanga ndi kupanga mawonekedwe ake owongoka ngati singano.
Kupangira mawonekedwe / kukonza kwachiwiri (做形 — zuòxíng): Kupatsa tinthu ta tiyi mawonekedwe opyapyala, owongoka, ngati singano ndi nsonga zakuthwa. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito njira zotsatirazi: kuongola (理条, lǐtiáo), kugwedeza (抖, dǒu), kukanikiza (捺, nà).
Kuyanika / kutentha (烘干 — hōnggān): Kumachitika m’magawo atatu: kuyanika koyamba (初烘) pa ~80 °C, kuyanika kwapakati (复烘) pa ~70 °C ndi kuyanika komaliza (足烘) pa ~50 °C, kwa mphindi 60-90. Ndondomeko ya magawo atatu imatsimikizira kuchotsa chinyezi mosatenthetsa kwambiri ndi kukhazika fungo.
Kusankha ndi kulongedza (拣剔整形 — jiǎntī zhěngxíng): Kuchotsa tinthu ta tiyi tosafunika, zidutswa, matsinde; kukalibreti komaliza; kulongedza kopanda mpweya.

6. Makhalidwe Okhudza Zithunzithunzi:

Mawonekedwe a tsamba louma: Tinthu tating’ono, toyenerana, tothyathyalika bwino (条索紧结, tiáosuǒ jǐnjié), tofanana kukula (匀整, yúnzhěng). Mtundu wake ndi wobiriwira wosalala wonyezimira (嫩绿油润, nènlǜ yóurùn). Ubweya woyera (白毫, báiháo) umaoneka bwino pamwamba, makamaka m’magulu apamwamba.
Fungo la tsamba louma: Losaŵerengeka, labwino, ndi kamvekedwe kake ka mtedza wa chestnut kamene kamamveka (熟栗香, shú lì xiāng), chomwe ndi chizindikiro cha Wǔfēng. M’magulu apamwamba pali kamvekedwe kakang’ono ka maluwa, kofanana ndi orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng).
Fungo la mkaka: Fungo la mtedza wa chestnut lokwera, lokhazikika, lothiridwa ndi kutsekemera kwansalu zatsopano. M’zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri — kuphatikiza kocholowana: mtedza wa chestnut + orchid (嫩栗香和兰花香的复合香型).
Kukoma: Kwakuthwa, kwakuthupi (浓厚, nóng hòu), kosaneneka kukhala kokhuthala kuposa máo jiān ambiri. Amagwira bwino kukazinga mobwelezabwereza (耐泡, nàipào). Kutsekemera kumamveka kuyambira pakumwa koyamba; mkamwa mumakhala kuyera ndi chinyontho (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), osati kuwawidwa mtima kapena kukhazikika. Kukoma kokhalitsa komwe kumatsalira (回甘, huígān) kumakhala kwanthawi yayitali.
Mtundu wa mkaka: Wobiriwira wosalala, wowala ndi woonekera bwino (嫩绿明亮, nènlǜ míngliàng). Mu kapu mumaonekera tinthu tating’ono ta ubweya tomwe timayandama (茶毫浮动, cháháo fúdòng).
Tsamba lotenthedwa: Lobiriwira lonyezimira, lonyezimira, lopanda mphezi (嫩绿润亮, nènlǜ rùnliàng). Masamba ndi ofanana, opanda zinthu zolimba; mukakanikiza pang’ono mumaona kuti amapyopyolera.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:

Polyphenols (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Kuchuluka kwake — pafupifupi 34% ya misa youma, yomwe ndi ~5% yapamwamba kuposa chiŵerengero cha tiyi wobiriwira wamba. Ambiri ndi catechins (儿茶素, ér chásù): epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epicatechin (EC). Catechins amatsimikizira mphamvu yoyesera, ndi kumva kuwawa koyenera.
Amino acids (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): Kuchuluka kwake — pafupifupi 6.5% ya misa youma, yomwe ndi yoposa chiŵerengero cha mitundu yamba ndi ~30%. Kuchuluka kwa L-theanine (L-茶氨酸, L-chá ānjīsuān) kumatsimikizira kutsekemera kowonekera ndi kufewa kwa kukoma, komanso zotsatira za “kuwala kwamtendere” zogwirizana ndi caffeine.
Alkaloids: Caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn) — 2.5–4% ya misa youma, yomwe ndi yocheperako kuposa tiyi wobiriwira. Magulu ena amakhala ndi caffeine mochepa kuposa 1%, zomwe zikutsegula mwayi wopanga zogulitsa za caffeine ya pansi. Theobromine ndi theophylline amapezeka mochepa kwambiri.
Zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi (水浸出物, shuǐ jìnchūwù): Zosachepera 36%, zomwe zimatsimikizira kukhutiritsidwa ndi kukhuthala kwa mkaka.
Mavitamini: Vitamini C (ascorbic acid), mavitamini a gulu la B (B₁, B₂), vitamini E (tocopherols).
Mchere: Dothi la ku Wǔfēng lili ndi zinki (Zn) ndi selenium (Se) zochuluka, zomwe zimalowa m’masamba ndi kumatsimikizira mawonekedwe apadera a mchere wa tiyi.
Mafuta onunkhira: Gulu lonunkhira limapangidwa makamaka ndi linalool, geraniol ndi pyrazines (oyambirira amayambitsa kamvekedwe ka mtedza wa chestnut, komwe kamakhala kwa tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga).

8. Zopindulitsa:

Kuteteza thupi ku ma antioxidant: Kuchuluka kwa catechins, makamaka EGCG, kumathandiza kuthetsa ma free radicals ndi kuchepetsa kutha kwa maselo.
Kusangalatsa mofewa: Caffeine yochepa pamodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa L-theanine kumapereka mphamvu yopanda mantha — zotsatira za “kukhazikika mtendere,” zomwe zimathandiza pa ntchito za m’maganizo.
Kuthandizira mtima ndi mitsempha: Catechins ndi flavonoids amathandiza kuchepetsa mulingo wa cholesterol “woipa” (LDL) ndi kusunga mitsempha yathu kukhala yofewa.
Kuthandizira kugaya chakudya: Polyphenols ndi kuwawa koyenera kumalimbikitsa kutuluka kwa timadzi ta m’mimba; tiyi amayenda bwino ndi chakudya chopepuka ndi chokwanira.
Kupereka mchere: Mchere wachilengedwe wa zinki ndi selenium wochokera m’nthaka zamapiri ndi ma microelements ofunika kwambiri ku chitetezo cha mthupi ndi kayendedwe ka ma antioxidant a thupi.
Kutsitsimutsa mkamwa: Catechins ali ndi mphamvu yopha tizilombo, kuthandiza kusunga mano athanzi ndi mpweya wabwino mkamwa.
Kuthandizira nzeru: L-theanine imachulukitsa ntchito ya mafunde a alpha mu ubongo, kuthandiza kuti tikhale omasuka komanso tcheru, ndi kusintha kukumbukira kwa nthawi yochepa.
Zoyenera kusamala: Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kusamva bwino kwa caffeine ayenera kumwa pang’ono, makamaka masana. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kumwa tiyi wamphamvu pamimba yopanda kanthu.

9. Kupanga Kapu:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C. Kwa zopangira zosalala kwambiri (magulu apamwamba ndi oyamba) — 75–80 °C. Madzi otentha kwambiri angawononge ma amino acid ndi kupangitsa mkaka kukhala wosafunika wowawidwa mtima.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: Magalamu 3 pa 150 ml (galasi/kapu) kapena magalamu 5 pa 200–250 ml. Pakuthira mu gàiwǎn (choyikapo chophimba cha porcelain) — magalamu 3-4 pa 100–120 ml.
Zoyikapo: Galasi lagalasi (玻璃杯, bōlí bēi) — limakuthandizani kuona momwe tsamba limasefukira ndi kuyenda kwa ubweya mu mkaka. Gàiwǎn ya porcelain (盖碗, gàiwǎn) — yowongolera kupanga mobwerezabwereza. Chakumwa cha porcelain (teapot) — cha zakumwa zambiri.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsani zoyikapo ndi madzi otentha, tsanulani.
2. Ikani tiyi. Mu galasi lagalasi, mungagwiritse ntchito njira ya “kuthira pakati” (中投法, zhōngtóu fǎ): tsanulani madzi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu, onjezani tiyi, kenako tsanulani pomaliza.
3. Tsanulani madzi a kutentha koyenera m’mbali mwa choyikapo ndi kadontho kofewa, osatenthetsa tsamba ndi kadontho kolowera molunjika.
4. Kupanga koyamba — mphindi 1.5-2 (galasi) kapena masekondi 30-45 (gàiwǎn).
5. Gawanani m’makapu.
6. Kupanga mobwerezabwereza: 3-5 kuthira. Pakubwereza kulikonse, kuchulukitsani ndi masekondi 10-15. Ngati mwathira mu galasi — siyani gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mkaka musanathire madzi kuti musunge kukoma kokhazikika.

10. Kusunga:

Wǔfēng Máo Jiān, monga tiyi wambiri wobiriwira, amakhala watsopano komanso wonunkhira bwino m’miyezi yoyamba 6–12 pambuyo popanga.
Sungani m’zoyikapo zothina, zosaoneka bwino — makamaka m’mapaketi a vacuum a zojambula zamtengo kapena m’mabotolo achitsulo okhala ndi zivundikiro zothina.
Kutentha koyenera — 0–5 °C (firiji). Polemba m’firiji, kuyenera kuti chivundikirocho chikhale cholimba kwambiri: tiyi amalowetsa mosavuta fungo lachilendo.
Pewani kuwala kwa dzuwa, chinyezi ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha.
Musanatsegule paketi yomwe mwachotsa m’firiji, yasiyireni ifike kutentha kwachipinda (mphindi 15-20) kuti mupewe kuthiririka kwa chinyezi pa tsamba.

11. Mtengo ndi zolephera:

Wǔfēng Máo Jiān amakhala pachibale cha tiyi wapaderadera wachipatala ndi chiyanjano chokopa kwambiri pakati pa mtengo ndi ubwino wake — chodziŵika kwambiri kuti ndi chotsika mtengo kuposa “mbale” wake wotchuka kwambiri Xìnyáng Máo Jiān (信阳毛尖), pomwe ali ndi kukoma kofanana, ndipo nthawi zina kumakhala kokhuthala kwambiri.

Mitengo yoyerekeza (pa 500 g / jīn):

Gulu lapadera (特级): 800–1 100 yuan.
Gulu loyamba (一级): 480–700 yuan.
Gulu lachiŵiri (二级): 250–400 yuan.
Gulu lachitatu (三级): 120–200 yuan.
Momwe mungapewere zolephera:
Gulani kwa ogulitsa odalirika ochokera m’chigaŵa cha Wǔfēng kapena kudzera m’malo ogulitsira ovomerezeka (kampani ya “Cǎihuā cháyè” ili ndi masitolo opitilira 200 padziko lonse).
Onani mawonekedwe: Wǔfēng Máo Jiān weniweni ndi tinthu tating’ono, toyenera, toongoka ndi ubweya woyera woonekera; tinthu tating’ono, tosalaza kapena tokhuthala ndi chifukwa chokaikira.
Onani fungo: fungo lenileni la mtedza wa chestnut ndi lokhazikika, losaŵerengeka, popanda kamvekedwe kakang’ono kapena “ka mankhwala.” Kununkhira kochita kupanga kumapereka fungo longolowa, lotha mwamsanga.
Yesani mkaka: tiyi weniweni amapereka mkaka woonekera, wonyezimira, wobiriwira ndipo amapirira kupanga mobwerezabwereza 3-5 kwathunthu. Zolephera zimatha mwamsanga pambuyo pa kupanga 1-2.
Onani mtengo: mtengo wotsika mokayikitsa (mochepera 100 yuan pa jīn ya gulu lopadera) pafupifupi zikuwonetsa kusinthidwa kwa zopangira kuchokera kumadera ena kapena tiyi wakale, wapachaka chatha.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

Mu “Chá Jīng” cha Lù Yǔ, tiyi wochokera ku Xiázhōu (momwe Wǔfēng anali) wayikidwa pamalo oyamba pakati pa tiyi wonse wa dera la Shānnán — kale m’zaka za zana la 8, umenewu unali “tiyi woyamba” wa dera.
Kuti apange jīn imodzi (500 g) ya mtundu wapamwamba wa “Cǎihuā Bìxìan” (采花·碧玺), pamafunika pafupifupi mphukira zokwana 60 000 za tiyi, zokololedwa pamanja kuchokera m’mitengo yazaka zana.
Wǔfēng wakhala dera lachisanu ndi chimodzi la China kuti liŵerengeredwe “cholozera cha tiyi” (茶叶指数, cháyè zhǐshù) — chiwonetsero cha kusinthasintha kwa mitengo ndi kuchuluka kwa msika, zomwe zikusonyeza kufunika kwa tiyi wa kumaloko pa mulingo wadziko.
Njira yakale ya tiyi ya ku Wǔfēng yokhala ndi milatho ya miyala, zolembedwa pa miyala, ndi nyumba zogona amalonda ndi mbali ya “Great Tea Road” yodutsa makontinenti (万里茶道), yomwe tiyi ankafalitsidwa kuchokera ku Húběi kudutsa Hànkǒu kupita ku Russia ndi ku Ulaya.
Fungo la mtedza wa chestnut (栗香) ndi chizindikiro cha Wǔfēng — limapangidwa chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zitatu: mitundu yapadera ya mbewu za m’deralo, dothi lolemera ndi selenium ndi kutsindika pa kukazinga (osati pa kuthira nthunzi) pa kukazinga. Zoyesa zobwereza kumadoro ena nthawi zambiri zimapereka zotsatira zokhala pafupi.

13. Kufaniziritsa ndi tiyi wina wobiriwira wa gulu la “Máo Jiān”:

Xìnyáng Máo Jiān (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máo Jiān): Mmodzi mwa “Tiyi khumi wotchuka wa ku China,” wochokera m’chigawo cha Hénán. Mkaka wake ndi wopepuka komanso wosamalidwa, fungo lake ndi lokwera, la maluwa ndi zitsamba, popanda kamvekedwe ka mtedza wa chestnut komwe kamamveka. Kukoma kotsalira kumakhala kwautali, koma thupi la mkaka limakhala lopyapyala. Wǔfēng Máo Jiān ndi wokhuthala, “wokhuthala” kwambiri ndipo ndi wotsika mtengo.
Dūyún Máo Jiān (都匀毛尖, Dūyún Máo Jiān): Tiyi wotchuka wochokera m’chigawo cha Guìzhōu. Amadziŵika ndi ubweya wake woyera ndi fungo lake losalala, laling’onoling’ono la masamba atsopano ndi kutsekemera pang’ono. Poyerekeza ndi Wǔfēng — ndi wocheperako m’maganizo, wopepuka m’thupi.
Guìzhōu Lǜ Zhū (贵州绿珠, Guìzhōu Lǜ Zhū): Komanso wochokera ku Guìzhōu, wokulungidwa m’mitundu yazing’ono. Mawonekedwe ake ndi osiyana kotheratu: Wǔfēng ndi ngati singano ndi woongoka, Lǜ Zhū ndi wozungulira ndi wophatikizika. Pa fungo, Wǔfēng ndi wa mtedza wa chestnut, Lǜ Zhū ndi wa maluwa kwambiri.
Chánglè Máo Jiān (长乐毛尖, Chánglè Máo Jiān): Kwenikweni ndi “mbale wamng’ono” — amapangidwa m’chigaŵa chomwechi cha Wǔfēng (tauni ya Chánglèpíng). Amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe ake, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala wochepa m’kukoma ndi wotsika mtengo. Tiyi onsewa ali mbali ya mtundu umodzi wa “Yíchāng Máo Jiān.”

Pomaliza:

Wǔfēng Máo Jiān ndi tiyi wobadwa m’mapiri, kumene mitambo imakhala pansi pa minda ya tiyi, ndipo mitengo ya tiyi imakumbukira nthawi za Lù Yǔ. Mphamvu yake yaikulu ndi fungo la mtedza wa chestnut, lokhuthala ndi lofunda ngati kuwala kwa moto m’nyengo yozizira yachisanu, ndi mkaka wake wokhuthala, wokhalitsa, womwe sugwera kupsa mtima posowa m’kupanga mobwerezabwereza. Umenewu ndi chisankho cha iwo amene amakonda tiyi wobiriwira osati kokha kutsitsimuka ndi kupepuka, komanso makhalidwe ake — kukoma kwakuthupi, kuya kwa mchere wa malo amapiri ndi ulemu wosapedwa msangamsanga wa tiyi, yemwe kwa zaka mazana ambiri anakhala m’chithunzi cha oyandikana naye otchuka kwambiri, osapereka chilichonse mwa iwo m’zamkati.