Tàishān Nǚ Ér Chá · new.thetea.app

Tàishān Nǚ Ér Chá ndi imodzi mwa tiyi wobiriwira ochepa akumpoto kwenikweni kwa chigawo cha tiyi ku China, womwe ulimidwa pansi pa phiri lopatulika la Tàishān. Dzinali, lomwe limatanthauza “tiyi wa mwana wamkazi wa Tàishān,” linachokera m’zolemba za m’nyengo ya Míng, ngakhale kuti tiyi wamakono wochokera ku masamba a Camellia sinensis anayamba kupangidwa kuno m’zaka za m’ma 1960. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha tiyi ameneyu ndi fungo lake lamphamvu la chestnut, ndipo n’chifukwa chake anthu amamutcha “chestnut mu kapu” (茶中板栗, cházhōng bǎnlì).

1. Kagawidwe ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), wosatenthedwa. Amagawidwa m’gulu la chǎoqīng (炒青, chǎoqīng) — tiyi womwe amakonzedwa ndi kuwotcha mu wok.
Gulu: Tiyi wodziwika bwino m’chigawo cha Shāndōng (山东名茶, Shāndōng míngchá). Ndi chinthu chotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha malo (中国国家地理标志产品, Zhōngguó guójiā dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Shāndōng (山东省, Shāndōng shěng), mzinda wa Tài’ān (泰安市, Tài’ān shì). Minda ya tiyi ili pa mbali yakum’mawa ndi pansi pa phiri la Tàishān (泰山, Tàishān), mkati mwa malo okongola a National Park ya Tàishān.
Maiko ogwirizana: pafupifupi 36.25°N, 117.10°E (mbali yakum’mawa ya Tàishān, dera la minda ya tiyi).

2. Mbiri ndi Kufunika kwa Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri:

Tàishān Nǚ Ér Chá ali ndi mbiri yaŵiri yosadziwika. Poyamba, “nǚ’ér chá” (女儿茶) siinali tiyi monga mmene timadziŵira masiku ano — inali chakumwa chochokera ku masamba a mtengo wa qīngtóng (青桐, qīngtóng), womwe umadziwikanso kuti shǔlǐ (鼠李, shǔlǐ), womwe umamera m’mapiri a Tàishān. Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa dzinali kunachitika m’nyengo ya Míng (明, Míng): Lǐ Rìhuá (李日华, Lǐ Rìhuá, 1565–1635) m’buku lake “Zǐtáoxuān Zázhuì” (紫桃轩杂缀, Zǐtáoxuān Zázhuì) analemba: “Anthu a ku Tàishān amathyola masamba a mtengo wobiriwira wa tóng, ndipo amaphika chakumwa ndikuchitcha nǚ’ér chá.” M’buku la mbiri ya dera “Chóngxiū Tài’ān Xiànzhì” (重修泰安县志, Chóngxiū Tài’ān Xiànzhì) amatchulanso kuti anthu am’derali ankakonda kuphika mphukira za qīngtóng, n’kuzilingalira kuti ndi zolowa m’malo mwa tiyi wakumwera.

Mu buku lodziwika bwino la zaka za m’ma 1700, “Maloto a M’nyumba Yofiira” (红楼梦, Hónglóu Mèng) lolembedwa ndi Cáo Xuěqín (曹雪芹, Cáo Xuěqín), mu chaputala 63, Jiǎ Bǎoyù (贾宝玉) amamwa nǚ’ér chá atamwa vinyo, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti chakumwachi chinali chamtengo wapatali pakati pa anthu ophunzira a m’nyengo ya Qīng.

Mbiri yamakono ya tiyi monga chinthu chochokera ku Camellia sinensis inayamba m’zaka za m’ma 1960. M’zaka za m’ma 1930, mkulu wa asilikali Féng Yùxiáng (冯玉祥, Féng Yùxiáng), yemwe anakhala yekhayekha pa Tàishān, anayesa kubzala mitengo ya tiyi yakumwera paphiripo, koma sizinaphule. Kupambana kwenikweni kunachitika mu 1966, pamene pulogalamu ya dziko lonse “Kusamutsa Tiyi wa Kumwera Kupita Kumpoto” (南茶北引, nánchá běiyǐn) inakhazikitsa minda yoyamba ya Camellia sinensis ku Tài’ān. Pofika chaka cha 2000, malo olimako tiyi anafika ma mu 1000 (~67 ha), ndipo pakali pano akwera ma mu 5000 (~333 ha).

Mu 2007, minda idalandira udindo wa “Malo a Chitsanzo a Boma Osamalira Tiyi Opanda Vuto” (国家级无公害茶叶种植加工标准化示范区). Mu 2012, dzina la “Tàishān Nǚ Ér Chá” linayikidwa m’kaundula woyambirira wa “Zinthu Zabwino za Shāndōng” (好品山东). Tiyi uyu walandira mphoto zagolide pa Chiwonetsero Chamayiko Chochokera ku China ndipo wakhala akudziwika ngati “Chinthu Chodziwika cha Chigawo cha Shāndōng” (山东名牌产品).

Dzina:

Tàishān (泰山, Tàishān) — phiri lopatulika la Tàishān, limodzi mwa Mapiri Akulu Asanu (五岳, Wǔyuè) a China, cholowa cha dziko lapansi cha UNESCO (cholowa cha chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe).
Nǚ Ér (女儿, nǚ’ér) — “mwana wamkazi, mtsikana.” Malinga ndi nthano yodziwika, mfumu Qiánlóng (乾隆, Qiánlóng) itayendera Tàishān inafuna kumwa tiyi wa m’derali; popeza kunalibe mitengo ya tiyi, akuluakulu anatuma atsikana kuti akathyole masamba a qīngtóng, ndipo anawaphika ndi madzi a kasupe wa Tàishān n’kupatsa mfumu, kutcha chakumwacho “tiyi wa ana aakazi.”
Chá (茶, chá) — tiyi.

Kufunika kwa chikhalidwe:

Tàishān Nǚ Ér Chá imagwirizana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha phiri lopatulika. Tàishān ndi loyamba mwa Mapiri Akulu Asanu, malo amene mafumu ankachitira nsembe zotchedwa fēngshàn (封禅, fēngshàn) kwa zaka zoposa zikwi ziŵiri. Mwambo wa tiyi wa ku Tàishān ndi umodzi wamwambo wachinyamata kwambiri ku China, koma umakhazikika pa maziko amphamvu a zolemba ndi chikhalidwe. Nyumba yodziwika bwino ya tiyi “Sìhuáishù” (四槐树) pa malo otchedwa Huímǎlǐng (回马岭) panjira yopita kumtemba ndi malo odziwika kwa oyendayenda ndi alendo. Olima akono akulitsa mitundu: kuwonjezera pa tiyi wobiriwira wapachiyambi, amapanganso tiyi wofiira (泰山女儿红茶) ndi “tiyi wagolide” (泰山女儿黄金茶), zomwe zanakhazikitsidwa mogwirizana ndi dipatimenti ya tiyi ya yunivesite yaulimi ya Shāndōng (山东农业大学茶学系).

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zipangizo:

Mtundu: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis.
Fomu / Mtundu Wobzalidwa: Amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yovomerezedwa ndi boma (国家级茶树良种, guójiā jí cháshù liángzhǒng), yosankhidwa mwapadera kuti igwirizane ndi nyengo yakumpoto. Mitengo yoyambirira imaphatikizapo mitundu ya masamba aang’ono yosinthidwa ku kuzizira. Palinso madera okhala ndi mitundu ya anthu ammudzi (群体种, qúntǐ zhǒng).
Kukolola: Kukolola kwa masika (春茶, chūnchá) ndiko kofunika kwambiri. Popeza kuti kumpoto nyengo ya tiyi ndi yaufupi, nthawi yopumira ya mitengo ndi yayitali kuposa ya kumwera, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kusonkhanitsidwa kwa ma amino acid ndi zinthu zopanga fungo. Kukolola kumayamba mochedwa kuposa madera akumwera — nthawi zambiri kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa April.
Mulingo wokolola: Kwenikweni nsonga imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi kapena aŵiri aang’ono (一芽一叶 kapena 一芽二叶). Kwa magulu apamwamba, amangotenga mphukira zazing’ono zapamwamba zokha.
Makhalidwe a zipangizo: Masamba ndi ochindikala kwambiri kuposa a tiyi wobiriwira wakumwera — chotsatira cha kukula pang’onopang’ono chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa masana ndi usiku. Izi zimapatsa kusonkhezera kwakukulu ndi kupirira kwa kupanga mobwerezabwereza.

4. Terroir ndi Zochitika Pakukulitsa:

Kutalika kwa malo: 200–600 m pamwamba pa nyanja (mbali yakum’mawa ya Tàishān ndi madera a m’mphepete).
Nyengo: Nyengo yofunda ya monsoonal, yokhala ngati ya kontinenti. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka pafupifupi 12.9°C (m’dera la tiyi). Mvula yapachaka pafupifupi 697 mm. Nthawi yopanda chisanu pafupifupi masiku 195. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kutentha kwa masana ndi usiku ndi chinthu chofunikira, chomwe chimafulumira kukula ndi kuwonjezera kusonkhanitsidwa kwa ma amino acid.
Nyengo yaying’ono: Kukhala kwa chifunga kawirikawiri, makamaka m’mawa. Mapiri amapanga mthunzi wachilengedwe, womwe umawonjezera kuwala kosalunjika — chinthu chabwino chopangira L-theanine ndi chlorophyll.
Dothi: Dothi lofiirira la m’nkhalango ndi lofiirira la m’mapiri, lokhala ndi asidi pang’ono (pH 5.0–6.5), lolemera ndi zinthu zowoleka. Magombe a Tàishān ndi ophimbidwa ndi nkhalango, zomwe zimapangitsa mpweya kukhala woyera ndi chonde cha nthaka. Derali ndi la malo otetezedwa a madzi, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wopangidwa ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumaletsedwa kwambiri.
Ulimi: Minda imatsatiridwa molingana ndi miyezo ya tiyi wopanda vuto komanso wa organic (无公害 / 有机, wúgōnghài / yǒujī). Kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi Yunivesite yaulimi ya Shāndōng kumapereka chithandizo cha asayansi: kusankha mitundu ya mitengo yolimba ku chisanu, kukonza bwino kudula, ndi kuyang’anira thanzi.

5. Njira Yopangira:

Tàishān Nǚ Ér Chá amapangidwa motsatira njira yachikale ya tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga (炒青绿茶, chǎoqīng lǜchá), ndi cholinga chopanga fungo lodziwika bwino la chestnut komanso kukoma kwakuthupi kolimba koma kosakhwima.

Kutola (采摘, cǎizhāi): Kutola pamanja kwa mphukira zazing’ono m’mawa. Zopangirazo zimatumizidwa ku fakitale mwachangu.
Kuyanika ndi Kufewetsa (摊晾, tānliàng): Masamba omwe angotoleredwa kumene amayalidwa mosanjikiza m’chipinda chozizira ndi cholowera mpweya kwa maora 2–4 kuti chinyezi chigwirizane ndi kuyambitsa kupanga zinthu zopanga fungo.
Kukonza (杀青, shāqīng): Kuwotcha mu wok (kapena ng’oma) pa kutentha kwakukulu. Iyi ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe limayimitsa kuwira ndi kuyika maziko a fungo la chestnut. Kutentha ndi nthawi zimasinthidwa malinga ndi chinyezi ndi kukula kwa tsamba.
Kumfinya (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kumfinya mopepuka kapena kwapakati — kokwanira kuphwanya makhoma a maselo ndi kutulutsa madzi, koma osawononga kwambiri tsamba. Nthawi — mphindi 10–20.
Kupanga Maonekedwe (做形, zuòxíng): Masamba amapatsidwa maonekedwe opindika (曲卷形, qūjuǎn xíng). Tiyi womalizidwa amafotokozedwa kuti ndi “wopindika mokongola” — akaphikidwa, masamba amamira pansi ndi kutuluka, ngati atsikana akuvina. Palinso mtundu wa “lóngxíng” (龙形, lóngxíng) — wa maonekedwe afulati, wopangidwa motsatira njira ya Lóngjǐng.
Kuumitsa (烘干, hōnggān): Kuumitsa komaliza pa kutentha kwapakatikati mpaka chinyezi chokhazikika (≤6.5%). Kukhazikitsa fungo ndi maonekedwe.

6. Makhalidwe a Kamva ndi Kukoma:

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Masamba opindika mokongola, okulungidwa molimba, ndi zingwe zoyera zooneka bwino (bái háo). Mtundu — kuchokera ku wobiriwira wakuda mpaka wa maolivi, ndi kuwala kwa mafuta. Tsamba ndilokulira ndi lolimba kwambiri kuposa la tiyi wamba wobiriwira wakumwera. Mtundu wa “lóngxíng” ndi wafulati, wosalala, ndi wobiriwira wofewa.
Fungo la tsamba louma: Fungo lamphamvu la chestnut (栗香, lìxiāng) — chizindikiro chachikulu cha fungo la tiyi. Zina zowonjezera — mtedza wokazinga, kutsekemera kwa chestnut yophika, kung’unidwa kwatsopano.
Fungo la madzi: Loyera, lapamwamba, lokhala ndi chestnut kwambiri. Pokhazikika, maluwa ofewa ndi udzu amatuluka. Fungo limakhala lolimba ndi lalitali.
Kukoma: Kwathunthu, kolimba, ndi thupi lomveka, koma osati mwamphamvu. Kutsekemera, ndi kutsitsimula koyenera. Kuwawa kumakhala kochepa kwambiri ngati kutentha kwa madzi n’koyenera. Amadziwika ndi huígān (回甘, huígān) — kutsekemera kumene kumawonjezeka pambuyo pa kumeza. Kukoma kumatuluka pang’onopang’ono: zophika zoyambirira zimakhala zopepuka, kukoma kwakukulu kumapezeka pa mphika wa 3 kapena 4, kenako kumachepa — chinthu chachilendo kwa tiyi wobiriwira.
Mtundu wa madzi: Wowonekera, kuchokera ku wobiriwira wofewa kupita ku wachikasu-wobiriwira. Pa kutentha koyenera, amakhala oyera komanso owala, ndi kung’anima kwa opalescent.
Pansi pa tiyi (叶底, yèdǐ): Masamba amatuluka mofanana, mtundu — wobiriwira wofewa, wofanana. Tsamba ndi lolimba, lokhuthala, “lolemekeka” — umboni wooneka wa chiyambi chakumpoto.

7. Kapangidwe ka Makemikolo:

Kapangidwe ka makemikolo a Tàishān Nǚ Ér Chá kaonetsa mbali za terroir yakumpoto: nthawi yayitali yopumira ndi kukula kwapang’onopang’ono m’masika kumathandiza kuti ma amino acid asonkhanidwe kwambiri, pomwe ma catechin amakhala apakatikati.

Ma Polyphenols (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Amakhala apakatikati kwa tiyi wobiriwira — pafupifupi 18–24% ya kulemera kouma. Ma catechin akulu: EGCG, ECG, EC, EGC. Kukhala ndi ma polyphenol ocheperako poyerekeza ndi a kumwera kumafotokoza kufewa ndi kusowa kwa kuuma kwakukulu.
Ma Amino Acid (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): Kukhala ndi ma amino acid ochuluka — chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zake. L-theanine (L-茶氨酸) imapereka kutsekemera kodadwika ndi kakomedwe kena ka umami. Mulingo wapamwamba wa ma amino acid ndi chotulukapo cha kusonkhanitsidwa kwanthawi yayitali m’nyengo yozizira ndi nyengo yaufupi ya kukula.
Ma Alkaloid: Khofiini (咖啡碱, kāfēijiǎn) — ali ndi mulingo wamba wa tiyi wobiriwira (2.5–3.5% ya kulemera kouma). Theobromine ndi theophylline alipo pang’ono.
Zinthu zotuluka m’madzi (水浸出物, shuǐ jìnchū wù): Zosachepera 45% — chiwerengero chokwezeka, kutsimikizira kulimba ndi kukwanira kwa madzi.
Mavitamini: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), mavitamini a gulu la B (B₁, B₂), vitamin E.
Mchere ndi zinthu zatsopano: Wolemera ndi potaziyamu (K), zinki (Zn), chitsulo (Fe), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na) ndi selenium (Se). Mulingo wapamwamba wa zinthu zina ndi chinthu chomwe amalima amati n’chopadera ku terroir ya Tàishān.
Mafuta onunkhira: Zinthu zazikulu zopanga fungo ndi pyrazines ndi furans, zomwe zimapangitsa fungo la chestnut, lomwe limapangidwa pa kutentha kwa sha qing.

8. Ubwino wa Tiyi:

Kupatsa mphamvu: Khofiini pamodzi ndi L-theanine zimapereka mphamvu yofewa, yokhazikika popanda kugwedezeka kwakukulu — mkhalidwe wa kukhazikika ndi kumveka bwino.
Chitetezo cha antioxidant: Ma catechin, makamaka EGCG, ndi antioxidants amphamvu, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa ma free radicals ndi kuchedwetsa kupsinjika kwa oxidative m’maselo.
Kuthandiza mtima ndi mitsempha: Mwamwambo, tiyi amakhulupirira kuti amafewetsa mitsempha (软化血管, ruǎnhuà xuèguǎn). Ma polyphenols amathandiza kukhazikitsa mulingo wa cholesterol ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Kuwongolera chakudya: Ma polyphenols amalimbikitsa kutuluka kwa madzi a m’mimba ndi kufulumizitsa kagayidwe ka mafuta, kupangitsa tiyi kukhala mnzake wabwino wa chakudya.
Kulimbikitsa mano: Fluoride ndi ma catechin omwe ali m’tiyi amalepheretsa ntchito ya mabakiteriya oyambitsa kuvunda kwa mano.
Kuonjezera kwa mchere: Kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu, zinki, chitsulo ndi manganese kumawonjezera zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Ntchito yolimbana ndi ma radiation: Ma polyphenols a tiyi amatha kumanga zinthu zina zolemetsa ndi ma radionuclides — mkhalidwe umene ungakhale wofunika kwa anthu ogwira ntchito ndi zipangizo zamagetsi.

Zindikirani: Ubwino umenewu ndi waumoyo wamba. Tiyi sikhala mankhwala.

9. Kupang’era:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85°C. Madzi otentha kwambiri (>85°C) amachititsa kuti madzi akhale achikasu, kuwawa, ndi kutaya fungo lofewa. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuwira madzi ndikuwasiya kuzizira mpaka kutentha koyenera.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 2–3 g pa 150 ml (njira yaku Ulaya); 5–7 g pa gaiwan 100–120 ml (gongfu).
Madzi: Ofewa, okhala ndi mchere wochepa. Mwamwambo, madzi a kasupe a Tàishān amadziwika kuti ndi abwino kwambiri — oyera ndi ofewa, amawonetsa kutsekemera kwa chestnut.
Chombo: Gaiwan yopangidwa ndi porcelain (盖碗) kapena kapu ya porcelain yoyera/yoyera-buluu. Kapu yagalasi — kuti mumasangalale ndi maonekedwe: masamba amamira pansi pang’onopang’ono ndi kutuluka, kupanga chithunzi chokongola.

Njira (kapu yagalasi, njira ya shàngtóufǎ / 上投法):

Tenthetsani kapu ndi madzi otentha ndikuwataya.
Thirani madzi (80–85°C) pafupifupi 1/3 ya kuchuluka kwa kapu.
Ikani tiyi (3 g) pamwamba pa madzi.
Dikirani pafupifupi mphindi 1 mpaka masamba atatupa ndi kuyamba kumira.
Onjezerani madzi mpaka 7/10 mwa kuchuluka kwa kapu, pang’onopang’ono.
Lekerani mphindi 2–3, kenako muzimwa. Mukamwa mpaka 1/3, onjezerani madzi.
Amatha kupirira kuphika 4–6; kukoma kwakukulu kumapezeka pa mphika wa 3–4.

Njira (gaiwan, gongfu):

Tenthetsani gaiwan ndi madzi owira.
Ikani 5–7 g ya tiyi, gwedezani pang’ono kuti fungo lituluke.
Kuthira koyamba: 80–85°C, masekondi 20–30, tsani.
Kuthira kwachiŵiri: masekondi 15–20.
M’mathira otsatira: onjezerani nthawi ndi masekondi 5–10.
Mathira 5–8, kutengera kulimba kwa tsamba.

10. Kusunga:

Kutentha: Choyenera kwambiri — mufiriji pa 0–5°C, m’thumba losindikizidwa bwino. Iyi ndi malangizo a nthawi zonse a tiyi wonse wobiriwira — kutentha kochepa kumachedwetsa kuwera ndi kusunga kutsitsimula.
Chotengera: Matumba a vacuum a zofoloko, zitini za malata kapena zotengera za ceramic zokhala ndi zivundikiro zolimba. Pewani kukhudzana ndi mpweya.
Adani a tiyi: Kuŵala, chinyezi, kutentha kwakukulu, fungo lachilendo. Osasunga pafupi ndi zonunkhira, khofi ndi zinthu zina zonunkhira.
Nthawi yosunga: Kuti mukhale ndi kukoma kokwanira, muzimwa mkati mwa miyezi 6–12 mutapanga. Mukatsegula phukusilo, tikulimbikitsidwa kumwa mkati mwa masabata 2–4, makamaka ngati mwausunga pamalo ofunda.
Madzi a tiyi a dzulo (隔夜茶, géyè chá) sakulimbikitsidwa kumwa.

11. Mtengo ndi Zowononga:

Gulu la mtengo: Pakatikati ndi pamwamba pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira wa Shāndōng. Kukolola koyamba kwa masika (明前茶, míngqián chá — pamaso pa Phwando la Qīngmíng) ndiko kodula kwambiri. Mtengo umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ~200 mpaka 800+ yuan pa 500 g, kutengera giredi, nyengo ndi wopanga. Pa msika wam’deralo, chinthucho chimagulitsidwa bwino, kuchuluka kwake n’kochepa, zomwe zimasunga mitengo.

Momwe mungapewere zowononga:

Gulani ku magwero odalirika: Sankhani zinthu za makampani omwe ali ndi satifiketi ndi chizindikiro cha malo. Chitsogozo — mzere wa “Tàishān Nǚ Ér” (泰山女儿) ndi mabungwe a mgwirizano m’dera la Tài’ān.
Onani maonekedwe: Tiyi weniweni ali ndi maonekedwe opindika, tsamba lolimba, lolemekeka ndi zingwe zooneka bwino. Zowononga nthawi zambiri zimakhala tsamba lochepetsetsa, lopindika mochepa, popanda maonekedwe omveka.
Yang’anani fungo: Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi fungo lamphamvu la chestnut. Kununkhira kochita kupanga kumadziŵika ndi fungo lothithiza, la “mankhwala” kapena lotsekemera kwambiri, lomwe limazimiririka mwachangu.
Onani madzi: Oyera, obiriwira kapena achikasu-obiriwira owala, opanda matope. Madzi osokedwa kapena osaŵala ndi chizindikiro cha zipangizo zakale kapena zosakwanira.
Chenjerani ndi mtengo wotsika: Tiyi wakumpoto ndi wokwera mtengo kupanga (nyengo yaufupi, kuchuluka kochepa). Mtengo wotsika kwambiri ndi chifukwa choikira chikayikiro: mwina anasintha zipangizo zochokera kumadera ena.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

Tiyi amene sanali tiyi. Kwa zaka mazana angapo — kuyambira nyengo ya Míng mpaka pakati pa zaka za m’ma 1900 — “nǚ’ér chá” wa Tàishān ankapangidwa kuchokera ku masamba a chomera cha shǔlǐ (鼠李, Rhamnus spp.), osati camellia. Tiyi wamakono ndi, makamaka, “kubadwanso kwatsopano” kwa dzina lakale mu chikhalidwe chatsopano.
Mkulu wa asilikali wolima tiyi. M’zaka za m’ma 1930, Féng Yùxiáng (冯玉祥), mmodzi wa asilikali akulu a Republic of China, atapita ku Tàishān, analota kusamutsa mitengo ya tiyi yakumwera kumapiri akumpoto, koma luso la nthawiyo silinathe kuchita zimenezi. Lingaliro lake linakwaniritsidwa patatha zaka makumi atatu.
Masamba akuvina. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zosadziwika bwino: akaphikidwa mu kapu yagalasi, masamba amayamba kumira pansi, kenako amasintha mtundu kuchokera ku wakuda kupita ku wobiriwira wowala ndi kutuluka, kupanga chithunzi cha “atsikana akuvina” — iyi ndi njira ina yofotokozera dzina lakuti “tiyi wa ana aakazi.”
Tiyi wakumpoto kwambiri. Tàishān ndi limodzi mwa malire akumpoto kwambiri a ulimi wa tiyi wa mafakitale ku China (pafupifupi 36°N). Mzere wokwera umatanthauza nthawi yayitali yopumira yozizira, nyengo yaufupi koma yolimba ya kukula, ndi chiŵerengero chachilendo chachikulu cha ma amino acid kuposa ma polyphenol.
Ulemerero wa zolemba. Ndi tiyi wochepa wam’chigawo amene angadzitamande kutchulidwa mu imodzi mwa “Mabuku Akuluakulu Anayi” (四大名著, Sì Dà Míngzhù) a mabuku a China. Kupezeka kwa nǚ’ér chá mu “Maloto a M’nyumba Yofiira” kunamupatsa malo mu kukumbukira kwa chikhalidwe cha mtunduwo.

13. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Wina Wobiriwira:

Láoshān Lǜ Chá (崂山绿茶, Láoshān Lǜchá): Tiyi wina wodziwika bwino wobiriwira wa Shāndōng, wochokera ku dera la Qīngdǎo. Tiyi onseŵa ndi “akumpoto,” ndi makulidwe a masamba ndi fungo la chestnut. Tiyi wa Láoshān nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kakomedwe ka nyemba (nandolo) ndi thupi lolimba. Tiyi wa Tàishān ndi wofewa, ndipo amatsindika kwambiri kutsekemera kwa chestnut.
Rìzhào Lǜ Chá (日照绿茶, Rìzhào Lǜchá): Tiyi wobiriwira wamkulu kwambiri ku Shāndōng malinga ndi kuchuluka. Amalimidwa m’mphepete mwa nyanja, kumene nyengo ndi yofewa. Makhalidwe ake ndi ofanana — fungo la chestnut, tsamba lolimba — koma tiyi wa Rìzhào ndi wowawa pang’ono komanso wosakhala wa m’mapiri.
Xìnyáng Máojiān (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Tiyi wodziwika bwino wobiriwira wa chigawo cha Hénán — nayenso ndi “wakumpoto” malinga ndi miyezo ya China. Tsamba loonda, longa singano, kutsitsimula kwakukulu ndi maluwa. Tàishān Nǚ Ér Chá ndi lolimba komanso la chestnut kwambiri, lopanda maluwa.
Xīhú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Mtundu wa “Tàishān Lóngxíng” umatsatira mwachindunji Lóngjǐng panjira yake (yopangidwa mofanana). Komabe, mtundu wa Tàishān ndi wokulirapo pamasamba, ndi maonekedwe akuthwa pang’ono, ndipo fungo la chestnut limakula m’malo mwa kutsitsimula kwa nyemba ndi maluwa kwa Lóngjǐng.

Pomaliza:

Tàishān Nǚ Ér Chá ndi tiyi wokhala ndi khalidwe, wosayembekezereka kwa malo akumpoto ndipo wamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Sayesa kupikisana ndi kukongola kwa nthano za kumwera — m’malo mwake amapereka zomwe alibe: fungo lozama, lofunda la chestnut, tsamba lolimba, lolemekeka, kupirira kodabwitsa kwa kuphika mobwerezabwereza, ndi kayendedwe kake ka kukoma kamene kamafika pachimake pa mphika wachitatu kapena wachinayi. Tiyi uyu ndi wosankhidwa bwino kwa iwo amene amakonda tiyi wobiriwira wolimba, wokwanira wopanda kuwawa, komanso kwa iwo amene akufuna kukhudza imodzi mwa mbiri zosadziwika bwino za tiyi ku China — mbiri imene phiri lopatulika, nthano za zolemba, ndi ulimi wamakono zalukana pamodzi.