Taiwani Hong Yu Nambala 18 · new.thetea.app

Hong Yu — “Jade Wofiira” — ndi tii wofiira wapadera waku Taiwani, wopanda wofanana naye padziko lonse. Adalengedwa mwa kusakaniza tii wamkulu wa ku Burma ndi tii wakutchire wamapiri waku Taiwani, mbewu iyi idapatsa dziko tii wofiira wokhala ndi fungo losayerekezeka: zonunkhira zachilengedwe za sinamoni ndi timbewu ta timbewu ta timbewu ta timbewu ta timbewu ta timbewu ta timbewu ta timbewu ta timbewu ta timbewu ta timbewu ta minti, zomwe sizikupezeka pa tii wina aliyense padziko lapansi. Hong Yu ndi chidziwitso cha kusankha kwa mbewu za ku Taiwani, chigawo chachikulu cha khama la asayansi kwa zaka makumi asanu, ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha tii wofiira wa ku Nyanja ya Dzuwa ndi Mwezi.

1. Kagawidwe ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tii Wofiira (紅茶, hóngchá), wothira mafuta onse (okosijeni). M’magulu a ku Ulaya — tii wakuda (black tea).
Gulu: Miira wofiira waku Taiwani. Ndiwo chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m’chigawo cha Rìyuètán (日月潭, Rìyuètán — “Nyanja ya Dzuwa ndi Mwezi”). Amadziwikanso pa msika wapadziko lonse monga Sun Moon Lake Black Tea ndi Formosa Assam.
Chiyambi: Taiwan (台灣, Táiwān), boma la Nánntóu (南投縣, Nántóu Xiàn), tawuni ya Yúchí (魚池鄉, Yúchí Xiāng), dera la nyanja ya Rìyuètán (日月潭). Amalimidwanso m’maboma a Huālián (花蓮縣, Huālián Xiàn), Táidōng (台東縣, Táidōng Xiàn) ndi Píngdōng (屏東縣, Píngdōng Xiàn), koma tii wochokera ku Yúchí amaonedwa kuti ndi wofunika kwambiri.
Ma coordinates a malo: Pafupifupi 23°51′ N, 120°54′ E (Nyanja ya Dzuwa ndi Mwezi).

2. Mbiri ndi Kufunikira Kwake Pachikhalidwe:

Mbiri:

Mbiri ya tii wofiira ku Taiwan imagwirizana kwambiri ndi nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Japan (1895–1945). Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, akuluakulu a atsamunda a ku Japan, pofuna kupanga njira ina yoposa tii wa ku India ndi Ceylon, adayambitsa dongosolo lobweretsa mitundu yayikulu ya masamba a Assam (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) kuchokera ku India kupita ku Taiwan. Dera la nyanja ya Rìyuètán, ndi nyengo yake ya subtropiki, dothi lachonde ndi kutalika pafupifupi 750 m, linadziwika kuti ndi malo abwino kwambiri.

Mu 1925, a Japan adakhazikitsa Chiteshi cha Kafukufuku wa Kupititsa patsogolo Tii (茶業改良場魚池分場, Cháyè Gǎiliáng Chǎng Yúchí Fēnchǎng), chomwe pambuyo pake chinakhala Ntchito Yofufuzira ya Yúchí ku Taiwan Tea and Beverage Crops Improvement Institute (茶及飲料作物改良場, Chá jí Yǐnliào Zuòwù Gǎiliáng Chǎng, TBRS). Chiteshi ichi chidakhala chipinda choyambirira cha kusankha kwa tii wofiira waku Taiwan.

Mu nthawi ya Japan, kusakaniza pakati pa mitundu ya Assam yaku India ndi tii wakutchire wamapiri wa ku Taiwan (Camellia formosensis) kudayamba. Komabe, pologalamu yokwanira yosankha mitundu idafuna zaka makumi angapo. Mbewu ya makolo inali mtundu wamkulu wa masamba a ku Burma B-729 (緬甸大葉種), ndipo bambo ake anali tii wakutchire wamapiri wa ku Taiwan B-607 (台灣野生山茶). Zotsatira za kusakaniza zidakhala chomera chophatikiza zokolola ndi kukula kwa masamba a makolo a Assam ndi fungo lapadera komanso kulimba kwa tii wakutchire wa ku Taiwan.

Mu 1999 (chaka cha 88 cha Republic), chomera chophatikiza chidalembetsedwa mwalamulo ndikupatsidwa dzina la Tái Chá Nambala 18 (台茶18號, Tái Chá Shíbā Hào), komanso dzina lolemekezeka la Hóng Yù (紅玉, Hóng Yù — “Jade Wofiira”). Kuyambira pa lingaliro mpaka kulembetsa kovomerezeka kudatenga zoposa zaka 50 — nthawi yokumbukira yosankha mbewu.

Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 2000, Hóng Yù adagonjetsa msika wamkati wa Taiwan mwachangu, kenako kudziwika padziko lonse. Fungo lake losayerekezeka (sinamoni + timbewu ta timbewu ta timbewu ta timbewu ta minti) lidadabwitsa kwambiri dziko la tii. Pofika zaka za m’ma 2010, Hóng Yù adakhala imodzi mwa tii wodziwika kwambiri waku Taiwan pa ziwonetsero zapadziko lonse, makamaka ku Japan, Europe ndi United States.

Dzina:
- Hóng Yù (紅玉) — “Jade Wofiira”. Dzinali likuyimira makhalidwe awiri: “wafiira” (紅) — mtundu wa madzi otentha, ndi “jade” (玉) — kukhala wamtengo wapatali ndi kuyera.
- Tái Chá Nambala 18 (台茶18號) — nambala yosankha yolembedwa ndi Taiwan Tea Improvement Institute. Nambalayi imatanthawuza kuti ndi mbewu ya 18 yolembedwa movomerezeka ndi bungweli.
- Formosa Assam — dzina lakale logulitsa kunja, kusonyeza “Chilumba Chokongola” (Formosa — dzina la Chipwitikizi la Taiwan) ndi chiyambi cha Assam cha mbewu. Dzinali silikugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza, chifukwa Hóng Yù si mtundu weniweni wa Assam, koma chosakaniza.
Tanauzo ya chikhalidwe:

Hóng Yù ndi tii wachizindikiro: chizindikiro cha kuwoneratu kwa asayansi (zaka 50 kuchokera pa lingaliro mpaka zotsatira), chizindikiro cha kudziwika kwa Taiwan (kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zamtundu wa India zomwe zidabweretsedwa ndi zaku Taiwan zachibadwa) ndi chizindikiro cha dera la Rìyuètán, komwe chuma ndi kukopa kwa alendo kumadalira kwambiri tii uyu. Nyanja ya Dzuwa ndi Mwezi ndi dziwe lalikulu kwambiri lachilengedwe ku Taiwan ndi amodzi mwa malo okopa alendo kwambiri pachilumbachi; minda ya tii ya Hóng Yù m’mphepete mwake yakhala mbali ya mawonekedwe achikhalidwe.

3. Kufotokozera Kwachomera ndi Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito:

Mtundu / Mbewu: Tái Chá Nambala 18 (台茶18號) — chosakaniza cha tii wamkulu wa masamba a ku Burma (B-729, Camellia sinensis var. assamica) ndi tii wakutchire wamapiri wa ku Taiwan (B-607, Camellia formosensis). Makhalidwe a zomera (malinga ndi TBRS):
- Maonekedwe: Mtengo woyima molunjika (直立型喬木, zhílì xíng qiáomù), mtundu wamkulu wa masamba.
- Masamba: Ozungulira, akulu, masamba okhwima obiriwira kwambiri okhala ndi kanyenyezi kofiyira kowerengeka.
- Makutu: Otumbuluka-wotumbuluka-wobiriwira, ubweya ochepa (茸毛稀), ubweya oyera pafupifupi kulibe—izi zimasiyanitsa Hóng Yù ndi mitundu yambiri ya tii wofiira wamkulu wa masamba.
- Mtundu wa kukhwima: Kukhwima kwa msanga (早生種, zǎo shēng zhǒng).
- Kulimba: Kwapakati-kupamwamba ku matenda ndi tizilombo; kulimba kwa chilala (抗旱性強) — cholowa cha tii wakutchire waku Taiwan.
- Kusintha kwake: Amachita bwino kwambiri m’dera la Yúchí (600–800 m), koma amathanso kusintha kumtunda wochepa.
Mbewu zina za tii wofiira wa Rìyuètán:
- Tái Chá Nambala 8 (台茶8號): Adatukulidwa kuchokera ku mtundu wa Assam wa ku Jaipur (India). Amapereka fungo la “Assam” lapamwamba lokhala ndi mauve a chimera ndi zokometsera, popanda fungo la timbewu ta minti-sinamoni.
- Tái Chá Nambala 21 (台茶21號, “Hóng Yùn”, 紅韻): Chosakaniza chapambuyo (2008), chokhala ndi mauve a maluwa a citrus ndi rozi.
- Tii wakutchire wamapiri wa ku Taiwan (台灣山茶, Táiwān Shānchá): Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mokhazikika; amapereka fungo losangalatsa koma losatsimikizika.
Kuthyola: Chaka chonse m’malo a subtropiki a Yúchí, koma zinthu zabwino kwambiri ndi kuthyola kwa chilimwe (夏茶), zomwe sizachilendo: kwa tii wambiri, nthawi ya chilimwe imakhala yotsika kwambiri, koma mitundu yamkulu ya Assam imapeza kuchuluka kwa fungo m’miyezi yotentha.
Mulingo wothyola: Kachitsotso kamodzi ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu apamwamba (一芽二、三葉). Kuthyola pamanja kwa magulu apamwamba.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Nyanja ya Rìyuètán (日月潭): Dziwe lalikulu kwambiri lachilengedwe ku Taiwan, lomwe lili m’chigawo chapakati cha mapiri pachilumbachi pa utali wa 748 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Dzinali likuwonetsa mawonekedwe a dziwelo: mbali yakumpoto imafanana ndi dzuŵa (日), kumwera — ndi mwezi (月). Madzi a nyanjayi amapanga nyengo yapadera, kusintha kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku komanso kwa nyengo, ndikupereka chinyezi chokhazikika.
Kutalika kwa kulima: Minda yayikulu ya Hóng Yù ili pa utali wa 600–800 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Izi ndi zochepa kuposa ma ulong a mapiri apamwamba (1000+ m), koma apamwamba kuposa ma tii wamba ambiri apadziko lonse.
Dothi: Dothi lofiira (紅壤), lotayirira bwino, lolemera mu zinthu zachilengedwe ndi mchere. Chiyambi cha chiphalaphala cha dothi chimapereka mchere wapadera.
Nyengo: Mvula yamkuntho ya subtropiki yokhala ndi zinthu za mapiri. Kutentha kwapakati pa chaka 20–22°C. Mvula yambiri — yoposa 2500 mm pa chaka, — yomwe ili yapamwamba kwambiri kuposa avareji ya Taiwan. Chinyezi chimakhala chachikulu, chifunga pafupipafupi ndi mame am’mawa. Mikhalidwe iyi ndi yabwino kwa mitundu yamkulu ya Assam, yomwe imafuna kutentha ndi chinyezi.
Makhalidwe a malo: Kuphatikiza kwa kutalika kwapakati, chinyezi ndi kutentha kumapangitsa kuti masamba athe kuunjika kwambiri zinthu za fungo. Ndi malo a Yúchí omwe amaonedwa kuti ndiwo chinthu chofunika kwambiri popanga fungo la timbewu ta sinamoni-minti la Hóng Yù — m’madera ena mbewu yomweyi imapereka fungo lochepa.

5. Njira Yopanga:

Kupanga kwa Hóng Yù kumatsatira njira yachikale ya tii wofiira ndi kufowoketsa kwanthawi yayitali, komwe ndi koyenera ku miyambo ya Taiwan.

Kuthyola (採摘, cǎi zhāi): Kuthyola pamanja kwa magulu apamwamba; makinawa — kwa ma gulu ambiri.
Kufowoketsa (萎凋, wěi diāo): Chimodzi mwa magawo ataliatali kwambiri — maola 18–24 kapena kuposerapo. Kumayamba ndi kufowoketsa padzuŵa (日光萎凋) ndikupitilira m’nyumba (室內萎凋). Kufowoketsa kwanthawi yayitali kumayambitsa zochitika zachilengedwe zomwe zimapanga zoyambitsa fungo, zomwe zimayambitsa fungo la sinamoni-minti. Kutaya chinyezi — mpaka 60–70%.
Kupukutira (揉捻, róu niǎn): Pamanja kapena pa makina opukutira. Zitsulo zazikulu za Hóng Yù zimatulutsa mzere wowongoka (條狀, tiáo zhuàng) — mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira a ma ulong ndi Ālǐshān Hóng Chá. Kupukutira kumawononga maselo a masamba, kutulutsa ma enzymes ndi madzi a maselo.
Kuthira / Okosijeni (發酵, fā jiào): Okosijeni yathunthu pa kutentha 22–28°C ndi chinyezi 90–95%. Nthawi — maola 3–5. Pa gawo ili ndipamene fungo la timbewu ta sinamoni-minti limamalizidwa: okosijeni ya ma terpenoid apadera, omwe adalowa m’malo mwa tii wakutchire waku Taiwan, amapereka mauve a menthol ndi sinamoni osayerekezeka.
Kuyanika (烘乾, hōng gān): Magawo awiri: kutentha kwakukulu kuti aimitse kuthira ndi kutentha kwakutsika kuti kuume ndikukhazikitsa fungo. Chinyezi chomaliza — osapitirira 5%.
Kusanja (分級, fēnjí): Mwa kukula, ubwino ndi mawonekedwe.

6. Makhalidwe Omvera:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Mizere ya utali wapakati, yopukutiridwa molimba, yopindika pang’ono. Mtundu — wa bulauni woderako mpaka wakuda ndi kanyenyezi kofiyira kwambiri (墨黑泛紫光, mò hēi fàn zǐ guāng) — chizindikiro cha Hóng Yù. Ubweya ndi wocheperako (mosiyana ndi Diān Hóng kapena Yīng Hóng Nambala 9). Masamba ofanana, osakanikirana.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Lomveka bwino, lovuta, lodziwika nthawi yomweyo. Mauve akutsogolo: sinamoni yeniyeni (肉桂香, ròuguì xiāng) ndi timbewu ta minti / menthol (薄荷香, bòhé xiāng). Mauve awa simazunulidwa ndi kununkhira — amapangidwa mwachibadwa mu mbewuyo ndipo amakulitsidwa ndi malo a Yúchí. Zowonjezera: uchi, caramel, zipatso zouma, mauve a nkhuni opepuka.
Fungo la madzi otentha: Lolimba, losasanjidwa. Patsogolo — sinamoni ndi timbewu ta minti, zomwe zimapangitsa kumva “kutentha kwatsopano” — kuphatikiza kosadabwitsa kosapezeka pa tii wina aliyense. Mbali yachiwiri — mauve a zipatso (plamu, apulikoti), uchi, caramel. Mauve akumbuyo — a nkhuni, vanila.
Kukoma: Kwathunthu, kolemera, ndi kuwa kwakukulu (收斂性, shōuliǎn xìng), komwe kumachepetsedwa mwamsanga ndikusandulika kutsekemera kwa nthawi yayitali (回甘). Thupi ndi lolimba, kukhudza — silika wolimba. Mosiyana ndi Ālǐshān Hóng Chá wofewa, Hóng Yù ali ndi “mafupa” owonekeratu — kapangidwe ndi mphamvu, zomwe adalowa m’malo mwa makolo a Assam. Mauve a sinamoni ndi timbewu ta minti amapezekanso m’kukoma, akuphatikizidwa ndi chimera, chokoleti chamdima ndi tsabola wotsekemera.
Mtundu wa madzi otentha: Wagolidi wofiira, wowala ndi wosalala (金紅鮮明, jīn hóng xiānmíng). Wooneka bwino, ndi kunyezimira kwakukulu.
Pansi pa tii (masamba otenthedwa): Masamba akulu, osalala amtundu wofiira-bulauni ndi kanyenyezi kofiyira. Olimba, osalala, ofufuzidwa mofanana. Masamba ndi aakulu kwambiri kuposa a tii wofiira wa masamba ang’onoang’ono.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:

Chikhalidwe chophatikiza cha Hóng Yù chimasankha mbiri yake yapadera ya biochemical, yophatikiza makhalidwe a ma Assam ndi ma tii a mapiri a Taiwan.

Polyphenols (茶多酚): Kuchuluka kwakukulu mu masamba atsopano (cholowa cha kholo la Assam la masamba akulu). Mu tii wokonzedwa, ma catechins amatenthedwa kukhala theaflavins ndi thearubigins, omwe amapanga mtundu, kuwa ndi kapangidwe ka kukoma. Kuchuluka kwa polyphenols kumapereka “mphamvu” yodziwika bwino (收斂性).
Ma Amino Acid (氨基酸): Kuchuluka kwapakati. Kuganizira kwa polyphenols / amino acid kumakhala kochepetsedwa kumbali ya polyphenols (mosiyana ndi Ālǐshān Hóng Chá wamapiri), zomwe zimafotokoza kukoma kolimba ndi kopangika.
Alkaloids: Kuchuluka kwa caffeine — kwapakati-kupamwamba (chikhalidwe cha mitundu ya masamba akulu). Theobromine ndi theophylline — milingo yoyenera ya tii wofiira.
Mafuta onunkhira ndi zinthu zonunkhira: Chinthu chachikulu chosiyanitsa Hóng Yù. Fungo la sinamoni limabwera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa cinnamaldehyde ndi zinthu zofanana; fungo la timbewu ta minti — chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa menthol ndi menthone. Zinthu izi zidachokera makamaka ku tii wakutchire wamapiri waku Taiwan (B-607) ndipo ndi chikhalidwe chosiyana mwachibadwa, chosapezeka m’mitundu ina ya Camellia sinensis. Komanso pali linalool, geraniol, nerolidol.
Mavitamini: C (yochepetsedwa kwambiri pambuyo pa kuthira kwathunthu), gulu la B, E, K.
Mchere: Potaziyamu, kashiamu, manganizi, chitsulo, fuloro.
Shuga zosungunuka: Kuchuluka kwapakati; zimapereka maziko a kutsekemera kwachilengedwe, zomwe zimakwaniritsa kapangidwe kakuwa.

8. Ubwino Wake:

Mphamvu yotithandiza: Kuchuluka kwapakati-kupamwamba kwa caffeine kumapereka mphamvu zowonekeratu ndi kupititsa patsogolo kuganizira.
Chitetezo cha antioxidant: Kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa theaflavins ndi thearubigins — ma antioxidant amphamvu, omwe amathandizira kuteteza maselo ku kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni.
Kutentha: Kuthira kwathunthu ndi chikhalidwe “chotentha” (性溫) kumapangitsa kuti Hóng Yù ikhale chakumwa chabwino kwambiri cha nthawi yozizira, chomwe chimathandizira kuyenda kwa magazi ndi kutentha kwa thupi.
Thandizo la kugayikidwa: Imalimbikitsa kupanga kwa ma enzymes ogayikira, imathandizira kuphwanya mafuta. Miira wofiira mwamwambo amalangizidwa pambuyo pa chakudya chambiri.
Mphamvu yolimbana ndi bakiteriya ndi kuchepetsa zilonda: Polyphenols amatha kulepheretsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya oyambitsa matenda ndikuchepetsa kutupa.
Thandizo la mtima ndi mitsempha: Zimatha kuthandizira kuchepetsa cholesterol ya LDL ndi kupititsa patsogolo kusinthasintha kwa mitsempha.
Kulimbitsa mafupa: Zopangidwa ndi polyphenol za tii wofiira zimatha kuletsa zochita za osteoclasts (maselo omwe amawononga mafupa), zomwe ndi zothandiza popewa osteoporosis.

9. Kuphika:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 90–95°C.
Kuchuluka kwa tii: 5 g pa 150 ml a madzi (njira ya gongfu); 3–4 g pa 200–250 ml (njira ya ku Ulaya).
Zida: Gaiwan ya porcelain (蓋碗) — kusankha kwabwino kuti fungo la sinamoni-minti liwonekere mokwanira. Teapot ya porcelain — njira ina yabwino. Teapot ya Yixing ndi yoyenera, koma dongo losalowerera limakhala loyenera kuti lisaphimbe mauve apadera onunkhira.
Ndondomeko (njira ya gongfu):
1. Tenthetsani gaiwan ndi chahai ndi madzi otentha.
2. Ikani 5 g a tii, muzutsani fungo — mauve a sinamoni ndi timbewu ta minti ayenera kumveka kale pa masamba owuma.
3. Thirani madzi a 90–95°C, tsitsani nthawi yomweyo (kusambitsa, 洗茶) — kudzutsa masamba.
4. Kutentha koyamba: masekondi 10–15. Kale pa kutentha koyamba, fungo la timbewu ta minti-sinamoni limawonekera.
5. Kutentha kwachiwiri-4: masekondi 10–20.
6. Kutentha kwachisanu-7: masekondi 20–40, kukulitsa pomwe mphamvu ikuchepa.
7. Hóng Yù amatha kutentha 5–7 pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya gongfu.
Kuphika kozizira: Ndi koyenera kwambiri. 5 g pa 500 ml a madzi, maola 6–8 mufiriji. Chigawo cha timbewu ta minti chimakula ndi kuphika kozizira, kupanga chakumwa chatsopano cha chilimwe.
Ndi mkaka: Hóng Yù ndi amodzi mwa ma tii abwino kwambiri a Taiwan popanga tii wa mkaka. Kapangidwe kolimba, thupi lolimba ndi fungo la sinamoni-minti sizimatayika chifukwa cha mkaka. Amalimbikitsidwa kuphika kothira kwambiri (7–8 g pa 150 ml, masekondi 30–40).

10. Kusunga:

Mikhalidwe: Malo owuma, ozizira, a mdima. Chotengera chotsekedwa.
Kutentha: Kutentha kwa m’nyumba (15–25°C). Sifuna firiji.
Nthawi yosungira: Zaka 2–3 ndi mikhalidwe yoyenera. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira — miyezi 18 yoyambirira.
Adani a tii: Chinyezi, kuwala, mpweya, kutentha kwakukulu, fungo lachilendo.

11. Mtengo ndi Zachinyengo:

Mlingo wa mtengo: Hóng Yù wochokera ku dera la Yúchí ali m’gulu lapamwamba la ma tii ofiira a Taiwan. Mtengo wa Hóng Yù weniweni wochokera ku Nyanja ya Dzuwa ndi Mwezi — kuyambira 600 mpaka 2000 NT$ pa liang (37.5 g), zomwe zikufanana ndi pafupifupi 1600–5300 NT$ pa 100 g. Zochokera m’madera ena (Huālián, Táidōng) — ndi zotsika mtengo, koma ndi fungo lochepa.
Momwe mungapewere zachinyengo:
- Fufuzani chiyambi: Hóng Yù wofunika kwambiri amachokera ku Yúchí (魚池鄉). Yang’anani polemera potsatira kupanga (產銷履歷) ndi satifiketi za Bungwe la Tii Wofiira la Rìyuètán.
- Fufuzani fungo lodziwika bwino: Hóng Yù weniweni amakhala ndi mauve omveka, odziwika a sinamoni ndi timbewu ta minti kale pa masamba owuma. Ngati mauve awa kulibe — muli ndi mtundu wina (mwina Tái Chá Nambala 8 kapena mtundu wa Assam).
- Onani mtundu wa masamba: Kanyenyezi kofiyira pa masamba owuma ndi chizindikiro cha Hóng Yù, chomwe sichipezeka pa zachinyengo za mitundu ina.
- Onani ubweya: Hóng Yù ndi amodzi mwa ma tii ofiira ochepa amasamba akulu okhala ndi ubweya wochepa. Ngati masamba ali ndi ubweya wandiweyani wagolide — ndi mtundu wina mwina.
- Musakhulupirire chizindikiro «Sun Moon Lake»: Chizindikiro cha malo a “Rìyuètán” sichitetezedwa mwamphamvu; chizindikirocho chikhoza kumamatira pa tii wochokera kumadera ena.

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:

Zaka 50 kuchokera pa lingaliro mpaka dzina: Kusankha kwa Hóng Yù kudatenga zoposa zaka 50 — kuchokera pa kusakaniza koyamba mu nthawi ya Japan mpaka kulembetsa kovomerezeka mu 1999. Iyi ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zazitali kwambiri za kusankha m’mbiri ya mafakitale a tii.
Wodziwika padziko lonse lapansi la tii: Hóng Yù amapezeka ku Taiwan kokha. Chigawo chake cha makolo — Camellia formosensis — ndi chomera cha ku Taiwan chokha, chosapezeka kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti Hóng Yù ikhale mbewu yapadera yopanda chofanana.
Tii wachikhalidwe cha China kwambiri pakati pa ma tii a kumadzulo: Hóng Yù ndi tii wofiira wa masamba onse, womwe, mosiyana ndi ma tii akuda ambiri a “kumadzulo” (BOP, CTC), umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa njira yachikhalidwe ya ku China yopangira tii (工夫泡, gōngfu pào) mu zida za porcelain. Samadulidwa kapena kusweka — ndi tii wofiira wa “kummawa” wokhala ndi mizu ya “kumadzulo”.
Nyanja ya Dzuwa ndi Mwezi — liwu la tii wa ku Taiwan: Kuphatikiza pa Hóng Yù, dera la Rìyuètán limagwirizanitsidwa ndi mzere wonse wa mitundu ya “台茶”. Nyanjayi ndi malo opatulika kwa anthu amtundu wa Tao (邵族, Shāozú) ndi amodzi mwa malo okopa alendo kwambiri ku Taiwan.
Sinamoni wopanda sinamoni, timbewu ta minti wopanda timbewu ta minti: Zopangidwa zopatsa fungo za sinamoni ndi menthol mu Hóng Yù sizigwirizana ndi sinamoni (Cinnamomum) ndi timbewu ta minti (Mentha) — zimasinthidwa ndi chomera cha tii chenichenicho. Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha kusintha kwa fungo kosakanikirana m’dziko la zomera.

13. Mitundu Ina ya Rìyuètán Hóng Chá:

Kuphatikiza pa Hóng Yù (Tái Chá Nambala 18), pansi pa dzina la “Tii Wofiira wa Rìyuètán” (日月潭紅茶) ma tii amapangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

Tái Chá Nambala 18 “Hóng Yù” (紅玉): Mtsogoleri. Fungo la timbewu ta sinamoni-minti, kukoma kolimba, kanyenyezi kofiyira pa masamba.
Tái Chá Nambala 8: Fungo la Assam “lapamwamba” — chimera, chokoleti chamdima, ma plums aakuda. Opanda mauve a timbewu ta minti-sinamoni. Nthaŵi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’magulu ambiri ndi tii wa mkaka.
Tái Chá Nambala 21 “Hóng Yùn” (紅韻): Olembedwa mu 2008. Amakhala ndi fungo lokongola lokhala ndi mauve a maluwa a citrus ndi rozi. Wodekha kwambiri kuposa Hóng Yù.
Tii wamapiri wa Taiwan (台灣山茶): Mtundu wakuthengo, wokuthyolako pang’ono. Amapereka fungo losazolowereka, la “kuthengo” lokhala ndi mauve a udzu ndi nkhuni.
Mtundu wa Assam (阿薩姆種): Zidzukulu zenizeni za mitundu ya Assam ya ku India, yomwe idabweretsedwa mu nthawi ya Japan. Amphamvu, amtundu wa chimera, ndi kuwa kwakukulu.

14. Kuyerekeza ndi Ma Tii Ofiira Ena:

Ālǐshān Hóng Chá (阿里山紅茶): Tii wofiira wamapiri a Taiwan kuchokera ku mitundu ya ma ulong ya timasamba tating’ono. Wofewa kwambiri, wotsekemera, wokhala ndi “kutsekemera kwapakhosi” ndi kutsitsimula kwa mapiri, koma opanda fungo la timbewu ta sinamoni-minti ndi kapangidwe kolimba ka Hóng Yù.
Diān Hóng (滇紅, Diān Hóng): Tii wofiira wamkulu wa masamba a Yunnan. Onse ndi amphamvu, olimba, akulu a masamba, koma Diān Hóng amakondera kwambiri mbali ya chokoleti-zokometsera, pamene Hóng Yù — ku mbali ya timbewu ta sinamoni-minti. Diān Hóng kaŵirikaŵiri ndi wofewa ndi wotsekemera; Hóng Yù ndi wopangidwa bwino.
Assam FTGFOP (India): “M’bale wamtundu” wachindunji (kholo limodzi la Assam). Assam waku India — wa chimera, wolimba, wokhala ndi kuwa kwakukulu, woyenera kwa tii wa mkaka. Hóng Yù, ndi mphamvu zofanana, amakhala ndi fungo lovuta kwambiri ndi kutsekemera kwanthawi yayitali.
Qí Mèn Hóng Chá (祁門紅茶): Tii wa timasamba tating’ono, wodekha, wokhala ndi fungo la maluwa ndi zipatso. Wosiyana kwambiri ndi Hóng Yù wamkulu, wolimba, wa timbewu ta sinamoni-minti. Maiko osiyana mkati mwa gulu limodzi.
Yīng Hóng Nambala 9 (英紅9號): Tii wofiira wamkulu wa masamba a Guangdong. Onse ndi mbadwa za makolo a Yunnan/Assam, koma Yīng Hóng Nambala 9 amasiyanitsidwa ndi mauve a mbatata ndi chimera-uchi, pamene Hóng Yù ali ndi timbewu ta sinamoni-minti mwapadera.

Pamapeto:

Hóng Yù ndi tii yemwe adafunika zaka makumi asanu kuti abwere, ndi zaka zochepa chabe kuti agonjetse dziko. Mmenemo adakumana mphamvu za ku Burma ndi chisomo chakuthengo cha ku Taiwan, mphamvu ya Assam ndi kutsitsimula kwa menthol, kuwolowa manja kwa magombe a Rìyuètán ndi kulondola kwa asayansi aku Taiwan. Fungo lake lapadera — sinamoni ndi timbewu ta minti mu kapu imodzi — lilibe chofanana pakati pa mitundu masauzande a Camellia sinensis, ngakhale pakati pa ma tii onunkhira mwachisawawa. Hóng Yù ndi tii wa iwo omwe amayamikira chosayerekezeka, omwe amakhulupirira kuti kusayerekezeka kwenikweni sikuberekedwa m’madipatimenti ogulitsa, koma mu chete cha ma laboratories, mu kupirira kwa osankha mitundu ndi mu kuwolowa manja kwa nthaka.

14. Kuyerekeza ndi Ma Tii Akuda Ena:

Ālǐshān Hóng Chá (阿里山紅茶): Tii wakuda wamapiri a Taiwan kuchokera ku mitundu ya ma ulong ya timasamba tating’ono. Wofewa kwambiri, wotsekemera, wokhala ndi “kutsekemera kwapakhosi” ndi kutsitsimula kwa mapiri, koma opanda fungo la timbewu ta sinamoni-minti ndi kapangidwe kamphamvu ka Hóng Yù.
Diān Hóng (滇紅, Diān Hóng): Tii wakuda wamkulu wa masamba a Yunnan. Onse ndi amphamvu, olimba, akulu a masamba, koma Diān Hóng amakondera kwambiri mbali ya chokoleti-zokometsera, pamene Hóng Yù — ku mbali ya timbewu ta sinamoni-minti. Diān Hóng kaŵirikaŵiri ndi wofewa ndi wotsekemera; Hóng Yù ndi wopangidwa bwino kwambiri.
Assam FTGFOP (India): “Wachibale wamtundu” wachindunji (kholo limodzi la Assam). Assam waku India ndi wa chimera, wolimba, wokhala ndi kuwa kwakukulu, woyenera kwa tii wa mkaka. Hóng Yù, ndi mphamvu zofanana, amakhala ndi fungo lovuta kwambiri ndi kutsekemera kwanthawi yayitali.
Qí Mèn Hóng Chá (祁門紅茶): Tii wa timasamba tating’ono, wodekha, wokhala ndi fungo la maluwa ndi zipatso. Wosiyana kwambiri ndi Hóng Yù wamkulu, wamphamvu, wa timbewu ta sinamoni-minti. Maiko osiyana mkati mwa gulu limodzi.
Ying Hong No. 9 (英紅9號): Tii wakuda wamkulu wa masamba a Guangdong. Onse ndi mbadwa za makolo a Yunnan/Assam, koma Ying Hong No. 9 amasiyanitsidwa ndi mauve a mbatata ndi chimera-uchi, pamene Hóng Yù ndi wapadera chifukwa cha timbewu ta sinamoni-minti.

Pamapeto:

Hóng Yù ndi tii yemwe adafunika zaka makumi asanu kuti abwere padziko lapansi, ndi zaka zochepa chabe kuti agonjetse dziko. Mwa iye mwakumana mphamvu za ku Burma ndi chisomo chakuthengo cha ku Taiwan, mphamvu ya Assam ndi kutsitsimula kwa menthol, kuwolowa manja kwa malo otentha a magombe a Rìyuètán ndi kulondola kwa asayansi aku Taiwan. Fungo lake lapadera — sinamoni ndi timbewu ta minti mu kapu imodzi — lilibe chofanana pakati pa mitundu masauzande a Camellia sinensis, ngakhale pakati pa ma tii onunkhira mwachisawawa. Hóng Yù ndi tii wa iwo omwe amayamikira chosayerekezeka, omwe amakhulupirira kuti kusayerekezeka kwenikweni sikuberekedwa m’madipatimenti ogulitsa, koma mu chete cha ma laboratories, mu kupirira kwa osankha mitundu ndi mu kuwolowa manja kwa nthaka.