Sunglo Tiyi · new.thetea.app

Sunglo Tiyi (松萝茶, Sōngluó chá) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wakale wochokera ku Phiri la Sunglo (松萝山, Sōngluó Shān) m’boma la Xiuning (休宁县, Xiūníng Xiàn) m’chigawo cha Anhui, womwe uli ndi malo apadera m’mbiri ya ulimi wa tiyi padziko lonse: kumeneku, m’nthawi ya Ming, mmonke wachibuda wotchedwa “Dafang Heshang” (大方和尚, Dàfāng Héshàng — “Mmonke Dafang”) ndiye amene anayamba kupanga njira yokazinga tiyi pa kutentha kwakukulu m’chitsulo (炒青, chǎoqīng), m’malo mwa njira yakale yophika ndi nthunzi (蒸青, zhēngqīng). Kupanga kumeneku kunasinthiratu ulimi wa tiyi ndipo kunakhala maziko a mitundu yonse yobiriwira yokazinga ya ku China yomwe inatsatira — kuyambira Lung Ching (龙井, Lóngjǐng) mpaka Biluochun (碧螺春, Bìluóchūn). Sunglo Tiyi amatchedwa “kholo lalikulu” la tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (wosapangika kupesa). Ndi wa gulu la tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga (炒青绿茶, chǎoqīng lǜchá) — woyamba m’mbiri ya China.
Gulu: Ndi chinthu chotetezedwa mwalamulo ndi Chizindikiritso cha Malo a Ntchito Yadziko (国家地理标志保护产品, chaka cha 2012). Ndi tiyi wakale woperekedwa kwa mfumu (贡茶, gòngchá) wa nthawi ya Qing. Mu 2024, adalowetsedwa m’ndandanda wa kulimbikitsa zizindikiro za malo a ntchito pa pulani ya “Njira Imodzi, Msewu Umodzi”.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Anhui (安徽, Ānhuī), boma la Xiuning (休宁县, Xiūníng Xiàn). Dera la chizindikiritso cha malo limazungulira matauni ndi mafamu 21 a boma, kuphatikizapo Haiyang (海阳镇), Wan’an (万安镇) ndi Qiyunshan (齐云山镇).
Dera lapadera (terroir): Phiri la Sunglo (松萝山, Sōngluó Shān) ndi malo a nkhalango yoyamba pa mapiri okwera mamita 600–700, m’dera la zinyalala za ayezi (冰碛岩地貌, bīngjī yán dìmào).
Malo a mapiriwo: Pafupifupi 29°46′ kumpoto, 118°12′ kum’mawa.

2. Mbiri ndi Kufunika Kwake Pachikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Sunglo Tiyi ndi amodzi mwa tiyi ochepa omwe mbiri yawo imagwirizana ndi kupanga kwaumisiri komwe kunasintha mayendedwe onse a ulimi wa tiyi ku China.

Mu nthawi ya Hongzhi (弘治, 1488–1505) ya Mfumu ya Ming, mmonke wachibuda Dafang (大方, Dàfāng), wokhala pa phiri la Sunglo, anapanga njira yokazinga masamba a tiyi abwino pa kutentha kwakukulu m’chitsulo chachitsulo — chaocin (炒青). Asanafike pano, kwa zaka mazana ambiri ku China njira yophika ndi nthunzi (蒸青, zhēngqīng) yochokera ku nthawi za Tang ndi Song inali yolamulira. Kukazinga kunakhala kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo: kunapereka fungo lamphamvu, kusungika bwino, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makomedwe. Kuchokera ku phiri la Sunglo, njira ya “chaocin” inafalikira m’chigawo chonse cha Anhui, kenaka ku China yense, nakhala maziko a kupanga Lung Ching, Biluochun, Mao Feng, (毛峰, Máo Fēng) ndi matiyi ena ambiri.

Wolemba wa nthawi ya Ming, Feng Shike (冯时可, Féng Shíkě), m’buku lake “Zolemba za Tiyi” (茶录, Chálù) anati: “Kale lomwe ku dera la Huizhou kunalibe tiyi; posachedwapa panabwera wa ku Sunglo — ndipo wakhala wotchuka kwambiri” (徽郡向无茶，近出松萝茶最为时尚). Wolemba ndakatulo, Zheng Banqiao (郑板桥, Zhèng Bǎnqiáo) anapereka ndakatulo kwa tiyi: “Mphika wa tiyi watsopano — ndikuphika wa Sunglo” (一壶新茗泡松萝).

Mu nthawi ya Qing, Sunglo Tiyi anakhala “gongcha” (贡茶) — tiyi woperekedwa kwa mfumu. Mu 1745, tiyi uyu ananyamuka kuwoloka nyanja pa sitima yamalonda ya ku Sweden yotchedwa “Göteborg” (哥德堡号, Gēdébǎo Hào) — chimodzi mwa zofotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za kupezeka kwa tiyi wobiriwira wa ku China ku Ulaya.

Mu 2012, Sunglo Tiyi anatetezedwa ndi Chizindikiritso cha Malo a Ntchito Yadziko. Mu 2024, analowetsedwa m’ndandanda wa kulimbikitsa zizindikiro za malo a ntchito pa pulani ya “Njira Imodzi, Msewu Umodzi” — kubwerera mophiphiritsa pa bwalo la mayiko.
Dzina:
- “Sunglo” (松萝) — “Mipesa ya Paini” (kapena “Paini ndi Povilikwa”): kufotokozera kwandakatulo za malo a phiri, lomwe lili ndi mikangaza ndi zomera zopota.
- “Tiyi” (茶) — “chakumwa cha tiyi”.
Kufunika pachikhalidwe: Sunglo Tiyi ndi “mphambano” m’mbiri ya tiyi yapadziko lonse: kupangidwa kwa njira yokazinga pa phiri la Sunglo kunagawa mbiri ya tiyi kukhala “pambuyo” (nthawi ya kuphikira ndi nthunzi) ndi “patsogolo” (nthawi ya kukazinga). Popanda Sunglo Tiyi, sipakanakhala Lung Ching, Biluochun, Mao Feng — mitundu yonse yamakono ya tiyi wobiriwira wa ku China. Tiyi uyu ndi umboni wamoyo wa momwe kupanga kwatsopano kwa mmonke mmodzi pa mapiri a Anhui kunasinthira kakomedwe ka chitukuko chonse.

3. Kafotokozedwe ka Zomera ndi Zinthu Zoyambirira:

Mtundu wobzalidwa / Wangwaya: Mtundu waukulu ndi Sunglo Zhong (松萝种, Sōngluó Zhǒng) — mtundu wochokera kumaloko wa masamba ang’onoang’ono a Camellia sinensis var. sinensis wobzalidwa ndi mbewu. Amadziwika ndi masamba aakulu, otuwa, mphukira zamphamvu, ndi timiyala tambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, amagwiritsanso ntchito Zhuye Qizhong (槠叶齐, Zhūyèqí) ndi Huangshan Daye Zhong (黄山大叶种) — mitundu ya masamba apakati ndi aakulu, yoyenera kupangira tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga.
Kukolola: Kukolola m’chiyambi cha masika. Pa mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri (特级) — mphukira zonse kapena mphukira imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi. Pa woyamba — mphukira imodzi ndi masamba awiri osatseguka bwino. Pa wachiwiri — mphukira imodzi ndi masamba awiri otseguka.
Zofunika pa zakuthupi: Mphukira zofewa, zofanana, zatsopano ndi zosawonongeka. Kukonza kumachitika tsiku lomwe amakolola.

4. Dera la Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulimidwe:

Utali wopita kumwamba: Mamita 600–800 pamwamba pa nyanja. Malo apakati — nkhalango yoyamba pa Phiri la Sunglo.
Nyengo: Kutentha kwapachaka — 16–18°C, mvula yapachaka — 1500–2000 mm, chinyezi chachibale — koposa 78%. Nkhalango yambiri ndi kuwala kobalalika.
Dothi: Makhalidwe apadera — dothi lopangidwa pa zinyalala za ayezi (冰碛岩, bīngjī yán). Dothi la “mchenga wakuda” (乌沙土, wūshā tǔ) limeneli lili ndi pH 4.5–6.5, lolemera ndi seleniyamu (硒, xī) ndi zinthu zina zochepa. Zomera zimakhala ndi zinthu za organic zosachepera 1.0%. Dothi la ayezi ndi chinthu chosowa cha geological, chomwe chimapatsa tiyi kakomedwe kapadera ka mchere.
Chilengedwe: Phiri la Sunglo lazunguliridwa ndi nkhalango yoyamba. Minda ya tiyi imalowetsedwa m’chilengedwe cha nkhalango, popanda kuipitsidwa ndi mafakitale.

5. Njira Yopangira:

Njira ya Sunglo Tiyi ndi cholowa chachindunji cha kupanga kwa Mmonke Dafang. Maziko ake ndi kukazinga kwa kutentha kwakukulu (杀青) pa 220–280°C, kuposa mitundu yambiri yamakono ya tiyi wobiriwira. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha sukulu ya Sunglo.

Kukolola (采摘 — cǎi zhāi): Kukolola pamanja kwa mphukira zofewa m’masika.
Kuyala ndi kuziziritsa pang’ono (摊放 — tānfàng): Zokolola zimayalidwa m’zotengera za nsungwi za chikhalidwe kuti ziziziritsidwe pang’ono.
“Kuphera zobiriwira” / Kukhazikika (杀青 — shāqīng): Kukazinga kwa kutentha kwakukulu pa 220–280°C — gawo lofunika kwambiri, limene limakhazikitsa fungo (锁香, suǒxiāng). Kutentha kokwera kwambiri kumeneku kumapanga fungo la Sunglo Tiyi lozama, “lokazingidwa”.
Kukulunga (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Kuwumba masamba, kumasula kachitsulo ka maselo.
Kukazinga kwa chinyezi chomwe chakonzedwa pang’ono (滚/炒湿胚 — gǔn / chǎo shī pēi): Kukazinga kowonjezera kuti akhazikitse kapangidwe.
Kusefa ndi kuyala kuzizira (分筛摊晾 — fēnshāi tānliáng): Kulekanitsa magawo ndi kuziziritsa kwapakati.
Kuumitsa komaliza (足干 — zúgān): Kufikitsa kukhazikika.
Kutulutsa fungo (提香 — tíxiāng): Kutenthetsa komaliza pa 110–120°C pa moto wocheperako — “kukoka” timiyala tating’ono toyera pamwamba ndi kutsimikizira fungo.

6. Makhalidwe a Kaledi:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Mphukira zolimba, zopindika mwamphamvu (条索紧卷匀壮), zobiriwira zakuda ndi kudzima kwa mafuta (绿润油亮). Pa mitundu yapamwamba — timiyala tambiri ta golide (金毫显露). Maonekedwe ndi a kale otsimikizika (条索形), opanda mawonekedwe athyathyathye kapena agranulated. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana: yotsimikizika (条形), ngati singano (针形), yopindika (卷曲形).
Fungo la masamba owuma: Lolemekezeka, losasuntha, “lokazingidwa” (高爽香, gāoshuǎng xiāng). Fungo lapadera la azitona (橄榄香, gǎnlǎn xiāng) la Sunglo Tiyi — “utsi” wapadera wa kukazinga kwa kutentha kwakukulu, ngati fungo la azitona. Fungo la maluwa a orchid (兰花香) limapezeka m’mitundu ya singano.
Fungo la mkaka: Wodzaza, wozama, wokhala ndi fungo lalikulu la azitona. Mafunso a orchid ndi ma chestnut. Fungo lotsala mu kapu yopanda kanthu (冷杯留香) limakhalabe kwa mphindi zoposa 30 — ichi chimadziwika ngati chizindikiro cha ubwino.
Kakomedwe: Wolimba ndi wodzaza (浓厚, nónghòu) — zomera za polyphenol zokwana ≥25% zimapereka kuthamanga kwamphamvu. Wokoma ndi wodekha (甘醇, gānchún) — kutsekemera kowoneka bwino komwe kumabweranso. Kumverera pang’ono kozizira (微带清凉感) — akuti kumakhudzana ndi kukhalapo kwa seleniyamu m’dothi.
Mtundu wa mkaka: Wobiriwira kwambiri, woyera ndi wowala (鲜绿明亮). Pa mitundu yopindika — wodzaza kwambiri.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lopikidwa): Mphukira zofewa, zotanuka, za mtundu wobiriwira wofanana. Tsamba lonse, losawonongeka.

7. Magulu a Zinthu Zam’katikati:

Dothi la ayezi, lolemera ndi seleniyamu, ndi kukazinga kwa kutentha kwakukulu zimapereka mbiri yapadera:

Polyphenol (makatekini): Kuchuluka — ≥25% ya kulemera kovutika — koposa averegine ya tiyi wobiriwira. Zimapereka mphamvu yaikulu yolimbana ndi okisijeni ndi kapangidwe kowoneka bwino ka kakomedwe.
Amino asidi (monga L-theanine): Kuchuluka kokwanira kuti apange kutsekemera ndi kudekha, zomwe zimalinganiza kuchuluka kwa polyphenol.
Akaloyidi: Kafein — kuchuluka kwakukulu. Amapereka mphamvu yotoniki yowoneka bwino.
Theaflavin (茶黄素, chá huángsù): Amapezeka mwambiri — amathandiza kuwongolera mlingo wa kolesterolo.
Seleniyamu (硒, xī): Kuchuluka kwakukulu — chifukwa cha kukula pa dothi la ayezi lolemera ndi seleniyamu. Seleniyamu ndi chitetezo chokhazikika cholimbana ndi okisijeni.
Vitamini: Vitamini C, vitamini za gulu B.
Mchere: Potaziyamu, magnesiyamu, zinki, manganasi, chitsulo, fuluorayidi, seleniyamu.

8. Ubwino Ku Umoyo:

Kuwongolera chakudya (消食): Polyphenol amalimbikitsa kugwetsa mafuta ndi mphamvu yowirikiza kawiri kuposa tiyi wamba wobiriwira, malinga ndi kafukufuku.
Kuwongolera mbiri ya madzi (去肥腻): Theaflavin amaletsa kupanga kolesterolo.
Thandizo la mtima ndi mitsempha (降三高): Makatekini amalimbitsa kukhalapo kwa mitsempha, amathandiza kukhazikitsa magazi ndi mlingo wa shuga.
Chitetezo cholimbana ndi okisijeni: Kuchuluka kwa polyphenol ndi seleniyamu kumapereka chitetezo champhamvu ku kupsinjika kwa okosijeni.
Mphamvu yotoniki: Kafein amapereka mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwa maganizo.
Chofunika: zinthu zatchulidwazi zikuchokera ku deta yopezeka pagulu ndipo si upangiri wamankhwala.

9. Kaphikidwe:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–90°C (madzi otentha, ozizire kwa ~2 mphindi).
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: Magalamu 3 pa 150 ml a madzi (mulingo 1:50).
Zotengera: Kapu ya galasi kapena gaiwan ya porcelain yoyera.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsani chotengera ndi madzi otentha, tsanulani.
2. Ikani tiyi, tsanulani madzi 1/3, gwedezani — “tsegulani fungo” (摇香, yáo xiāng).
3. Onjezani madzi mpaka 7/10 ya kuchuluka.
4. Pirirani mphindi 1–2.
5. Tiyi amatha kukhalira kwa mikaka 3 yokwanira.
Zindikirani: Tiyi watsopano wa Sunglo amalangizidwa kuti azisungidwa kwa mwezi umodzi — panthawiyi, kumveka kotentha kochokera ku kukazinga kwa kutentha kwakukulu kumachoka, ndipo fungo la azitona limakhala lofewa komanso logwirizana. Fungo lotsala mu kapu yopanda kanthu (冷杯留香) kwa mphindi zoposa 30 ndi chizindikiro cha chowonadi ndi ubwino.

10. Kasungidwe:

Sungira m’chidebe chotsekedwa, pamalo amdima, owuma, ozizira.
Kutentha koyenera — 0–5°C (firiji), m’chidebe chotsekedwa.
Nthawi yosungira — mpaka miyezi 12–18 ngati zikhalidwe zasungidwa.
Akatsegula — amwe mu miyezi 1–2.

11. Mtengo ndi Zobisika Zabodza:

Sunglo Tiyi ndi tiyi wopangidwa pochepa kuchokera m’matauni 21 a boma la Xiuning. Malo apakati a dera lapadera ndi malo ochepa a nkhalango yoyamba ya Phiri la Sunglo, zomwe zimachepetsanso kuchuluka kwa magulu abwino.

Zisonyezo za mitengo: mtundu wapamwamba (特级) — kuchokera ku 800 yuan pa jin (500 g) ndi kupitirira; woyamba ndi wachiwiri — otsika mtengo kwambiri.

Mmene mungapewere zobisika:
- Gulani kwa ogulitsa odziwika okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo a ntchito a boma la Xiuning.
- Unikani fungo: fungo lapadera la azitona ndi “chizindikiro” cha Sunglo Tiyi. Kusowa kwa fungo la azitona ndi kukhalapo kwa fungo la “karamelo” ndi chizindikiro cha ubwino wochepa.
- Yang’anani “kapu yozizira”: fungo lotsala mu kapu yopanda kanthu liyenera kukhalabe kwa mphindi zoposa 30. Kutha msanga ndi chifukwa chokayikira.
- Unikani maonekedwe: Mphukira zolimba, zopindika mwamphamvu ndi kudzima kwa mafuta. Tsamba lotuwa, lofewa ndi chizindikiro chozindikira chabodza.
- Sangalalani ndi mtengo: Mtengo wotsika modabwitsa ndi chizindikiro chachindunji cha chabodza.

12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:

Mmonke Dafang wa pa Phiri la Sunglo ndi yemwe anayambitsa njira ya “chaocin” (炒青, kukazinga zobiriwira m’chitsulo). Kupanga uku kwa nthawi ya Ming ndiko kunali kusintha kwakukulu kwa ukadaulo m’mbiri ya kupanga tiyi pambuyo pa kuyambika kwake, n’kuyambitsa matiyi onse amakono obiriwira okazinga a ku China.
Mu 1745, Sunglo Tiyi ananyamuka kuwoloka nyanja ziwiri pa sitima yamalonda ya ku Sweden yotchedwa “Göteborg” (哥德堡号) — chimodzi mwa zofotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za kupezeka kwa mtundu wina wa tiyi wobiriwira wa ku China ku Ulaya. Sitimayo inamira pafupi ndi magombe a Sweden, koma gawo lina la katundu linapulumutsidwa — ndipo tiyi uja anafika kwa ogula a ku Ulaya.
Wolemba ndakatulo Zheng Banqiao (郑板桥, 1693–1766) — mmodzi wa “Anthu Asanu ndi Atatu Odabwitsa a Yangzhou”, wolemba zilembo zokongoletsedwa ndi wojambula — anayamika Sunglo Tiyi m’ndakatulo: “Mphika wa tiyi watsopano — ndikuphika wa Sunglo” (一壶新茗泡松萝).
Dothi la ayezi (冰碛岩) la Phiri la Sunglo ndi chinthu chosowa cha geological cha zaka mamiliyoni ambiri. Seleniyamu yomwe ili m’dothi imeneyi mwachilengedwe imalemetsa tsamba la tiyi, zomwe zimawonekera pakumverera kwapadera kozizira m’kakomedwe.
Kulowetsedwa kwa Sunglo Tiyi m’ndandanda wa “Njira Imodzi, Msewu Umodzi” mu 2024 ndi kubwerera kophiphiritsa kwa tiyi pa misewu ya malonda yapadziko lonse, yomwe iye anali kuigwiritsa kale m’zaka za m’ma 1700.

13. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Wina Wobiriwira Wakale wa ku Anhui:

Huangshan Mao Feng (黄山毛峰): Tiyi wotenthedwa (烘青, hōngqīng) wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a “lirime la mpheta”. Mao Feng ndi wofewa komanso wamaluwa; Sunglo Tiyi ndi wolimba kwambiri, wokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu la azitona komanso kuchuluka kwa polyphenol.
Liuan Gua Pian (六安瓜片): “Mbeu za dzungu” zathyathyathye zochokera ku masamba oyera opanda mphukira. Gua Pian ndi wowonjezeka; Sunglo Tiyi ndi “wokazingidwa” komanso wa mchere.
Yongxi Huo Qing (涌溪火青): Tiyi wa ngale kuchokera m’boma la Jingxian. Huo Qing ndi wogranulated, wokhala ndi mkaka wa apulosi; Sunglo Tiyi ndi wopindika, wokhala ndi fungo la azitona.
Tongcheng Xiao Hua (桐城小花): Kuchokera m’boma la Tongcheng. Wopepuka, wamaluwa, wosakhwima. Sunglo Tiyi ndi wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wodzaza.

Pomaliza:

Sunglo Tiyi ndi tiyi-woyambitsa, tiyi-wosintha. Pamene Mmonke Dafang pa Phiri la Sunglo anayamba kuponya masamba abwino a tiyi m’chitsulo chotentha mmalo mwa kuphika ndi nthunzi monga mwa mwambo wakale, sanangopanga kakomedwe katsopano — anasintha njira ya chikhalidwe chonse. Popanda chikonzerochi, sipakanakhala fungo la mchestnut la Lung Ching, kapena mapepala a zipatso a Biluochun, kapena ngale za golide za Yongxi Huo Qing. Lerolino, Sunglo Tiyi — wolimba, wa azitona, wamchere, wokhala ndi kuzizira kwa seleniyamu ndi chibwebwe cha mphindi makumi atatu mu kapu yopanda kanthu — si chakumwa chabe, koma ulemu kwa kupanga kumene tili nawo ngongole ya kakomedwe ka tiyi wonse wobiriwira wa ku China.