Shui Jin Gui · new.thetea.app

Mtundu: Ulong’i wophika kwambiri (wamdima), nthawi zambiri amawotcha pakati kapena pamtundu wapamwamba.
Gulu: M’modzi mwa timiyala tamtengo wapatali ku China, ndipo ndi m’gulu la “Mitengo Ikuluikulu Inayi” (四大名枞, Sì Dà Míng Cōng) ya kumapiri a Wuyi.
Anachokera: China, m’chigawo cha Fujian (福建, Fújiàn), kumapiri a Wuyishan (武夷山, Wǔyí Shān), m’boma la Wuyishan. Malingana ndi chizolowezi, tiyi wabwino kwambiri ndi womwe amalimidwa m’dera la “Zheng Yan” (正岩, Zhèng Yán) – “Miyala Yeniyeni”.
Makonzedwe a malo: 27°43’ kumpoto, 117°41’ kummawa.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo Lake Pachikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Mbiri ya Shui Jin Gui ndi yazaka mazana angapo, koma nthawi yeniyeni yomwe idapezeka sichidziwika. Amaganiza kuti idali yodziwika kalekale mu nthawi ya Ching’anjo cha Qing (1644-1912).
Nthano: Pali nthano yokhudzana ndi dzina la tiyiyi. Tsiku lina pamvula yamphamvu, madzi anasefukira ndi kuthamangitsa mtengo wina wa tiyi kuchokera pachitsetsocho n’kuubweretsa phompho la mwala pansi. Ansembe a ku amonasteri omwe anapeza mtengowo, atayesa tiyi wopangidwa ndi masamba ake, anachita chidwi ndi kukoma kwake ndi fungo lake. Anatcha tiyiyi “Shui Jin Gui” – “Kamba Wagolidi wa M’madzi”, chifukwa mtengowo unasefukira m’madzi (“Shui”) ndipo unapezeka m’phompho looneka ngati chigoba cha kamba (“Gui”), komanso unali ndi makhalidwe “agolide” amtengo wapatali.
Dzina:
- “Shui” (水) – madzi. Malingana ndi vesi lina, dzinali likugwirizana ndi nthano ya momwe tiyi inayambira.
- “Jin” (金) – golide, wagolide. Ikuwonetsa mtengo wapatali wa tiyi, komanso mtundu wagolide wa chopondera.
- “Gui” (龟) – kamba. Limanenanso za nthano, ndiponso mwina mawonekedwe a masamba kapena malo a kumera (phompho lowoneka ngati chigoba).
Tanthauzo lake pachikhalidwe: Shui Jin Gui ndi umodzi mwa ma ulong’i a Wuyishan omwe amalemekezedwa kwambiri. Amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake apadera a “miyala” (“yan yun”), kumera kwachuma, fungo lolemera ndipo amatengedwa ngati tiyi wapamwamba kwambiri.

3. Malongosoledwe a Kasakaniza ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu wa mitengo: Kupanga Shui Jin Gui kumagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa mtengo wa tiyi womwe umadziwikanso ndi dzina lomwelo – Shui Jin Gui (水金龟, shuǐ jīn guī). Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi:
- Kukula kwapakati kwa masamba: Masamba a Shui Jin Gui ndi apakati, owumbidwa ngati dzira.
- Mtundu wakuda mobiriwira: Masamba ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda.
- Thupi lolimba la tsamba: Ndalama ya tsamba ndi yolimba, ngati chikopa.
- Mizere yowoneka bwino: Mizere imaonekera bwino pa masamba.
Kukolola: Kukolola kumachitika m’nyengo ya masika, kumapeto kwa April chakumayambiriro kwa Meyi.
Mulingo wa kukololela: Amatola mbande ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu apamwamba.
Zofunika pa zopangira: Ndi zapamwamba; amagwiritsa ntchito masamba athanzi, osawonongeka okha.

4. Nthaka ndi Momwe Amalimidwira:

Mapiri a Wuyishan: Ndi phiri lapadera lopangidwa ndi mchenga wofiira. Mapiriwa ali ndi zigwa, nkhalango, mitsinje, mathithi a madzi, ndi chifunga. Zomwezi zimapangitsa khalidwe lodziwika bwino la “miyala” la ma ulong’i a Wuyishan.
Kutalika kwa kulima: Minda ya tiyi ili pa kutalika kwa 500-1000 mita kuchokera pamadzi a nyanja, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka pamwamba.
Dothi: Chizindikiro cha Wuyishan ndi dothi lake lapadera (“Zheng Yan” – dothi la “Miyala Yeniyeni”). Dothi lofiira, lolemera mchere, lochita mchenga wosalala ndi miyala yaing’ono. Limachokera bwino madzi ndipo limapereka tiyi kukoma kwake kwa “mchere” kotchedwa “yan yun” (岩韵, yányùn) – “nyimbo ya miyala” kapena “chong’ono cha miyala”.
M’nyengo: M’nyengo ya mvula ya masamba ndi yotentha, yopanda chisanu, ndi yotentha kwambiri m’chilimwe. Mvula yambiri, chinyezi chambiri, ndi chifunga pafupipafupi, zomwe zimaphimba masamba a tiyi kuchokera kutentha kwa dzuwa ndikuthandizira kudzikundikira kwa zonunkhira m’masamba.
“Zheng Yan” (正岩, Zhèng Yán): “Miyala Yeniyeni” – ndi pakati pa malo otetezedwa, kumene amatengedwa kuti amapanga Shui Jin Gui wabwinobwino, woyenera. Amenewa ndi zigwa zazing’ono zokhala ndi miyala yoyimirira, pomwe mitengo ya tiyi imamera m’maphompho, pamtunda waung’ono.
“Ban Yan” (半岩, Bàn Yán): “Miyala yapakati” – ndi malo ozungulira “Zheng Yan”, pomwe malo a kulima ndi osakhwima kwambiri mopambanitsa.
“Zhou Cha” (洲茶, Zhōu Chá): “Tiyi wa pachilumba” – tiyi wolimidwa m’madera athyathyathya kunja kwa malo otetezedwa.

5. Ukadaulo Wopangira:

Kupanga Shui Jin Gui ndi njira yovuta yomwe imafuna luso lalikulu. Imaphatikizapo zigawo za chikhalidwe cha kupanga tiyi wa ulong’i komanso zinthu zomwe zimachitika mu ma ulong’i a Wuyishan, makamaka, kuwotcha moto kwa nthawi yayitali pamakala.

Kukolola (采摘 - cǎi zhāi): Tafotokoza pamwambapa.
Kufewetsa ndi dzuwa (萎凋 - wěidiāo): Masamba otoledwa amayalidwa panja (pofewetsa ndi dzuwa kapena pamthunzi) kapena m’nyumba kwa maola angapo. Njira yofewetsa ingakhale yayitali.
Kugwedeza (摇青 - yáo qīng): Masamba amagwedezeka mosamala ndi kusonkhezeredwa pamiyala ya bamboo kuti mchitidwe wa oxidation uyambike. Gawo ili limachitika kangapo pomwe masamba amapatsidwa nthawi “yopumula”.
Kuthira ntchito (发酵 - fājiào): Njirayi ndi ya oxidation yomwe imachitika panthawi yogwedeza ndi yopumula. Shui Jin Gui ndi wa ma ulong’i othira kwambiri, koma mulingo wa kuthira ungasiyane molingana ndi wopanga.
Kupha mtundu wobiriwira (杀青 - shā qīng): Kuwotcha pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti mchitidwe wa kuthira uyimitsidwe.
Kuzunguliza (揉捻 - róuniǎn): Masamba amapatsidwa mawonekedwe ngati mizere yopindika motalika.
Kuumitsa (烘干 - hōnggān): Kuumitsa koyambirira kuti achotse chinyezi.
Kuwotcha pamakala (焙火 - bèihuǒ): Ili ndi limodzi mwa magawo ofunika kwambiri pakupanga ma ulong’i a Wuyishan, kuphatikiza Shui Jin Gui. Tiyi amawotchedwa pang’onopang’ono pamakala oyaka mu madengu apadera. Njirayi ingatenge maola angapo kapena masiku angapo, ndipo kutentha ndi nthawi ya kuwotcha zimasamaliridwa mosamala ndi katswiri. Kuwotcha pamakala kumapatsa Shui Jin Gui fungo lake lodziwika bwino la “utsi” ndi kukoma kwa “moto”, komanso kumathandizira kukula kwake kosungira. Mulingo wa kuwotcha ungakhale wapakati kapena wamphamvu.
Kusankha (分级 - fēnjí): Tiyi womalizidwa amasankhidwa molingana ndi kukula ndi ubwino.
Kupumula: Pambuyo pa kuwotcha, tiyi “amapumula” kwa kanthawi kuti kukoma ndi fungo zikhale zoyenerana.
Kuwotchanso: Nthawi zina kuwotchanso kocheperako kumachitika.

6. Makhalidwe a Zowonetsera:

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Masamba akulu, opindika motalika, amtundu wa bulauni wakuda, wokhala ngati wakuda, wonyezimira wofiira kapena wagolide. Masamba ndi olimba, amphamvu, ooneka ngati amafuta.
Fungo la tsamba louma: Lolemera, la mikhalidwe yambiri, lonunkhira “moto” (wowotcha), la mitengo, lokoma zonunkhira, la zipatso (zipatso zouma) ndi maluwa. Pakhoza kukhalanso fungo la chocolo, caramel, mtedza. Fungo la “miyala” (“yan yun”) limadziwika bwino.
Fungo la chopondera: Lakuya, lokumba, ndi ma tones amkulu a kuwotcha, zipatso zouma, zonunkhira, ndi ma undertones a chocolo, mtedza, nthawi zina ndi kuwawidwa pang’ono.
Kukoma: Kumera kwambiri, kolemera, kolimba, kwamafuta, ndi kumera pang’ono kuuma kwa kukometsa ndi mkwiyo waulemu womwe umasintha mofulumira kukhala kumera kotchingalira, kokoma kosalekeza. M’malo mwa ma flavours mulinso “moto” (wowotcha), la mitengo, zonunkhira, chocolo, caramel, zipatso (ma prunes, ma apricots, zoumba, mphesa zouma), mtedza, maluwa ndi ma nuances a mchere (“miyala”).
Mtundu wa chopondera: Kuchokera ku kahawia wa ku amber wakuda mpaka kufiira-bulauni, ngati cognac, kowoneka bwino, koyera, ndi nyezimira ya mafuta.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lothiridwa): Masamba athunthu, olimba, oumbwira a mtundu wa bulauni wakuda ndi chizindikiro chofiira, amatambasuka chakuthira.

7. Zomwe Zili M’kati:

Shui Jin Gui, mofanana ndi ma ulong’i ena a Wuyishan, ali ndi zinthu zambiri:

Polifenolo: Mlingo wa polifenolo, kuphatikizapo makatekini ndi ma teaflavini, thearubijini, ndi wokwera.
Amino asidi: Amakhala ndi ma amino asidi osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo L-theanine.
Alkaloidi: Kofein, teobromini, teofilini.
Mafuta onunkhira: Amachititsa fungo lolemera ndi la mikhalidwe yambiri.
Mavitamini: C, gulu B, E, K.
Mchere: Potassium, fluoride, magnesium, manganese, iron, selenium.

8. Maubwino Athanzi:

Kulimbitsa thupi: Shui Jin Gui ali ndi mphamvu yowoneka yokulitsa mphamvu, imakulitsa mphamvu, imawunikitsa malingaliro, imawonjezera luso la ntchito ndi kuganiza.
Kutenthetsa: Tiyi uyu umatenthetsa kwambiri m’nyengo yozizira.
Kuthandiza kudya: Imalimbikitsa kudya, imathandiza kumwa chakudya, makamaka chakudya chamafuta.
Mphamvu ya antioxidant: Imateteza maselo ku kuwonongeka ndi ma free radicals, imachedwetsa ukalamba.
Mtima ndi zotumphukira: Ingathandize kuchepetsa mulingo wa cholesterol “woipa”, kulimbikitsa zipupa za mitsempha, ndi kukhazikitsa magazi.
Kuchotsa poizoni: Imathandiza kuyeretsa thupi ku zinthu zosafunikira ndi poizoni.
Kukweza nzeru: Shui Jin Gui amapereka kumverera kwamtendere, kukhazikika, ndi chisangalalo.

9. Kuthira:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 90-95°C (osagwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha owira kwambiri).
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 5-7 galamu pa 150-200 ml ya madzi.
Zombo: Gaiwan (kapu ya chikhalidwe cha China yokhala ndi chivundikiro) kapena tchai yopangidwa ndi dongo la Yixing ndi yoyenera kwambiri. Dongo la Yixing limakhalanso ndi mabowo ndipo “limapuma” bwino, zomwe zimathandiza kuti tiyi atambasuke mokwanira. Tchai ya Yixing “imadzikundikira” fungo la tiyi, choncho tikulangizidwa kuti tiyi wa ma ulong’i a Wuyishan okha azigwiritsidwa ntchito.
Njira:
1. Kuwotcha zombo: Tsukani gaiwan kapena tchai ndi madzi owira kuti mutenthetse zombo ndikukonzekererani kuthira.
2. Kutsuka tiyi (kuthira mwachangu): Ikani tiyi mu gaiwan, thirani pang’ono madzi otentha ndipo nthawi yomweyo tsanulani madziwo. Gawo ili limathandiza kuchotsa fumbi m’masamba, komanso “kuwutsa” tiyi, kumkonzekeretsa kuti atambasuke.
3. Kuthira koyamba: Thirani tiyi ndi madzi otentha (90-95°C) ndipo ikani kwa mphindi 1-3. Nthawi ya kuthiridwa koyamba ikhoza kukhala yaufupi, pafupifupi masekondi 30-60, makamaka ngati tiyi ndi wabwino.
4. Gawani chopondera m’makapu: Tsanulani chopondera chonse kuchokera mu gaiwan kapena tchai kupita ku chhakai (cho tsanulira), kenako mugawire mmakapu. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti makapu onse azilande chopondera champhamvu yofanana.
5. Kuthiranso kambiri: Shui Jin Gui akhoza kuthiridwa kangapo (5-7, nthawi zina kupitirira apo), kumonjezera nthawi ya kuthira ndi masekondi 30-60 pa kuthira kulikonse. Ndi kuthira kulikonse, kukoma ndi fungo la tiyi zidzasintha, kutambasula mbali zatsopano.

Zofunika kuzikumbukira:

Musasunthitse nthawi yayitali: Kuthira kwanthawi yayitali kungapangitse kuti tiyi akhale wotchera komanso wowawa.
Tamverani tiyi: Malingana ndi momwe mukumvera, sinthani nthawi ya kuthira kuti mupeze mphamvu ya chopondera monga mukufuna.
Onani tiyi: Yang’anani mtundu wa chopondera, fungo, ndi kukula kwa tsamba la tiyi. Izi zikuthandizeni kumvetsetsa bwino mkhalidwe wa tiyi ndikusankha njira yabwino yothira.

10. Kusunga:

Shui Jin Gui, makamaka mitundu yowotchedwa kwambiri, ndi wochepetsa pa zofunika za kusunga kusiyana ndi masamba obiriwira kapena ma ulong’i ochepetsa kuthira. Komabe, kuti asunge kukoma kwake kochuma ndi fungo, tikulangizidwa:

Malo: Sungira tiyi pamalo owuma, amdima, ozizira, opanda kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha.
Chotengera: Gwiritsani ntchito chotengera chotseka, choyenera kwambiri ndi:
- Mabotolo a ceramic kapena porcelain: Amasunga fungo la tiyi bwino ndipo samakhudza kukoma kwake.
- Mabotolo a dongo: Ndiofunikanso, koma onetsetsani kuti alibe fungo lakunja.
- Mabotolo achitsulo (chitini): Zotheka, koma onetsetsani kuti akugwirizana ndi zakudya.
- Mapaketi a pepala olimba: Ndi oyenera kusunga kwakanthawi kochepa.
Adani a tiyi: Pewani tiyi kukumana ndi:
- Kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji: Kumawononga zinthu zothandiza ndi kuwononga fungo.
- Chinyezi: Tiyi akhoza kutentheka ndi kupanga chakungu.
- Fungo lakunja: Tiyi amatenga fungo mosavuta, choncho musungireni kutali ndi zonunkhira, khofi, nsomba, ndi zakudya zina zonunkhira kwambiri.

11. Mtengo ndi Zofakedwa:

Shui Jin Gui ndi tiyi wodula, makamaka ngati akuchokera ku dera lotetezedwa la “Zheng Yan”. Mtengo wake ungasiyane kwambiri, kuchokera pamtengo wa madola angapo pa 100 galamu mpaka madola mazana angapo pa unyinji womwewo, ndipo nthawi zina kupitirira apo, kutengera:

Kumene anachokera: Tiyi wochokera ku dera lotetezedwa la “Zheng Yan” (“Miyala Yeniyeni”) amayamikiridwa kwambiri kuposa “Ban Yan” (“Miyala yapakati”) kapena “Zhou Cha” (“Tiyi wa pachilumba”). Wolemekezeka komanso wokwera mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri ndi tiyi wochokera kumadera enieni, odziwika bwino a zigwa ndi malo mu “Zheng Yan”.
Ubwino wa zopangira: Kaya amagwiritsa ntchito mbande zosankhidwa ndi masamba aang’ono kapena zopangira zokhwima.
Luso la wopanga: Zochitika ndi mbiri ya katswiri wa tiyi amene anapanga tiyiyi zimakhudza kwambiri mtengo.
Mulingo ndi ubwino wa kuwotcha: Kuwotcha kovuta, pamakala kopitilira nthawi zambiri, kochitidwa ndi katswiri wodziwa, kumawonjezera mtengo wa tiyi.
Zaka za tiyi: Ena amakonda Shui Jin Gui wokhwima, amene pakupita nthawi amapeza ma nuances atsopano a kukoma.
Kusowa: Mitundu ina yosowa kapena zophatikiza zingakhale zokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Kufunika: Kufunikira kwakukulu kwa Shui Jin Gui kumathandizanso pamtengo wake.

Chifukwa cha mtengo wokwera ndi kutchuka kwa Shui Jin Gui, mwatsoka, mumsika muli zofakedwa ndi zofanizira zambiri. Momwe mungapewere zofakedwa:

Gulani kwa ogulitsa odziwika okha: Pezani masitolo apadera a tiyi okhala ndi mbiri yabwino, omwe amasamalira makasitomala awo ndipo atha kupereka chidziwitso chotsimikizika chokhudza komwe tiyi anachokera, chaka chakukolola, wopanga. Akuyeneranso kutsimikizira kutsimikizika kwake ndi ubwino wake.
Chenjerani ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri: Mtengo wokayikitsa wotsika pafupifupi nthawi zonse ndi chizindikiro cha chofakedwa. Shui Jin Gui weniweni sangakhale wotchipa. Kumbukirani kuti zozizwitsa sizilipo.
Yang’anani mosamala maonekedwe: Yang’anani mawonekedwe, mtundu, ndi ungwiro wa masamba. Akuyenera kugwirizana ndi malongosoledwe aperekedwa pamwambapa. Kupezeka kwa masamba osweka, fumbi, zinthu zakunja kwakukula ndi chizindikiro cha ubwino wotsika kapena chofakedwa.
Unikani fungo: Tiyi wouma akuyenera kukhala ndi fungo lolemera, losakanikirana ndi ma tones odziwika bwino a kuwotcha, zipatso zouma, zonunkhira. Pewani tiyi wokhala ndi fungo lofooka, losadziwika, kapena lakunja. Kununkhitsa kochita kupanga, komwe nthawi zina kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogulitsa osakhulupirika, kumawonekera ndi fungo lokweza kwambiri, losakhala lachilengedwe.
Yang’anani chopondera ndi pansi pa tiyi: Mtundu wa chopondera uyenera kukhala kuyambira ku kahawia wakuda wa ku amber mpaka kufiira-bulauni, kowoneka bwino, ndi nyezimira ya mafuta. Pansi pa tiyi payenera kukhala masamba athunthu, osunthika a mtundu wa bulauni wakuda.
Chenjerani kwambiri pogula Shui Jin Gui wochokera ku “Zheng Yan”: Chifukwa cha kupangidwa kochepa ndi kufuna kwakukulu, tiyi wochokera kudera limeneli nthawi zambiri amafakedwa.

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:

“Kamba Wagolidi wa M’madzi”: Dzina la tiyi silimangopatiridwa ndi nthano yokha, komanso mwina limagwirizana ndi malo ake oyamba kupezeka – phompho m’mwala lowoneka ngati chigoba cha kamba, pomwe malingana ndi nthano, mtsinje wa madzi unasefukirawo mtengo wa tiyi.
Tiyi wa akatswiri: Shui Jin Gui ndi tiyi amene amafuna kudziwa zina ndi kukonzekera kuti munthu azitha kuyamikira mokwanira kukoma ndi fungo lake lovuta.
Kusunga kwanthawi yayitali: Ena okonda tiyi amakonda kusunga Shui Jin Gui kwa zaka zingapo, kuti kumera kumakhale kofewa kwambiri ndi kakuya.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi ma ulong’i ena a miyala:

Da Hong Pao (大红袍, Dà Hóng Páo – Tchuthi Lalikulu Lofiira): Mwina ndi ulong’i wa Wuyishan wodziwika kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi Shui Jin Gui, womwe umayamikiridwa chifukwa cha mkhalidwe wake wa “miyala” ndi ma notes a mchere, mu Da Hong Pao ma shades osiyanasiyana a kumera amawonekera patsogolo: caramel, zipatso, maluwa, kutengera kuphatikiza ndi wopanga.
Rou Gui (肉桂, Ròu Guì – Cinnamon): Ulong’i wina wodziwika wa Wuyishan. Rou Gui amadziwika chifukwa cha fungo lake lowala, lokoma zonunkhira ndi note yaikulu ya sinamoni. Shui Jin Gui ali ndi fungo lachifinoli, losakanikirana, pomwe ma notes a zonunkhira sakhala odziwika mowoneka.
Tie Luohan (铁罗汉, Tiě Luóhàn – Iron Arhat): Amakhalanso amapangidwa ku mapiri a Wuyishan. Tie Luohan, monga mwamalamulo, ali ndi kukoma kwamphamvu, kochepera komanso ma notes a mchere owoneka bwino, pomwe Shui Jin Gui ndi wosalala komanso wokoma.
Bai Ji Guan (白鸡冠, Bái Jīguān – Kapinga Woyera wa Tambala): Ulong’i wa Wuyishan wosowa, amasiyana ndi Shui Jin Gui chifukwa cha tsamba lopepuka ndi fungo la maluwa ndi zipatso.

Pomaliza:

Shui Jin Gui ndi ulong’i wa miyala wosankhika komanso wosowa, m’modzi mwa “Mitengo Ikuluikulu Inayi” ya kumapiri a Wuyishan. Kukoma kwake kochuma, kolemera ndi ma notes a kuwotcha, zipatso zouma, zonunkhira, ndi mchere, komanso fungo lakuya, lokumba ndi ma undertones a “miyala” limatha kukopa mtima wa ngakhale katswiri wodziwa tiyi kwambiri. Tiyi uyu ndi chochitika chenicheni cha luso la tiyi, zotsatira za kugwirizana kwa nthaka yapadera, miyambo yazaka mazana, ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri. Kuyesa Shui Jin Gui weniweni kumatanthauza kukhudza nthano, kudzipezera mulingo wa khalidwe m’dziko la ma ulong’i a miyala, ndi kupeza zokumana nazo zosayiwalika poyamba kudziwana ndi tiyi wodabwitsayu. Ichi ndi tiyi wa zochitika zapadera, wakumwa mwaulesi, mosinkhasinkha, pomwe munthu amafuna kumira m’dziko la kusinkhasinkha ndi kukondwera ndi phesi lililonse, nuance iliyonse ya kukoma ndi fungo.