Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe

• Njira ya zachilengedwe: “Sheng Tai” (生态) amatanthauza “zachilengedwe”, “chilengedwe”, “zinthu zamoyo”. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito pa tiyi, liwu lakuti “Sheng Tai” limatsindika kuti tiyiyi wapangidwa m’malo oyandikira kwambiri chilengedwe, ndi ulemu kwa chilengedwe ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa zamoyo.
• Ulimi wosasinthika: “Sheng Tai Cha” amalimidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo za ulimi wosasinthika, zomwe cholinga chake ndi kusunga chonde cha nthaka, madzi, kusiyanasiyana kwa zamoyo, ndi thanzi lonse la chilengedwe cha munda wa tiyi.
• Njira zachilengedwe: Ngakhale kuti “Sheng Tai” sizitanthauza kwenikweni tiyi “wopanda mankhwala” (pa nkhani ya ziphaso), kupanga “Sheng Tai Cha” nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zaulimi wopanda mankhwala kapena zofanana. Izi zikutanthauza kusiya kapena kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala ophera udzu, feteleza wopangidwa, ndi mankhwala ena aulimi omwe angawononge chilengedwe ndi thanzi la anthu.
• Kugwirizana ndi chilengedwe: Nzeru ya “Sheng Tai” ndi kupanga chilengedwe chogwirizana m’munda wa tiyi, kumene mitengo ya tiyi imamera mogwirizana ndi chilengedwe chozungulira, kuphatikizapo zomera zina, tizilombo, nyama, ndi tizilombo tating’ono.

2. Mfundo zazikulu za kupanga Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe:

Kupanga Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe kumakhazikika pa mfundo zingapo za zachilengedwe ndi machitidwe, zomwe zimakhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana za ulimi wa tiyi:

• Thanzi la nthaka:

  • Feteleza wachilengedwe: Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe, monga kompositi, manyowa ovunda, feteleza wobiriwira (mbeu zothandiza nthaka), ufa wa mafupa, kuti nthaka ikhale yachonde ndi kupereka zakudya zofunika ku zomera.
  • Kuwunda: Kuphimba nthaka ndi zinthu zachilengedwe (mwachitsanzo, udzu wodulidwa, masamba ogwa) kuti chinyezi chisungidwe, kuletsa udzu, kukonza kapangidwe ka nthaka, ndi kuyikulitsa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe.
  • Kulima nthaka pang’ono: Kuchepetsa kapena kusiya kulima mwakuya ndi kukumba nthaka, kuti kapangidwe kake kasungidwe, zochita za tizilombo tating’ono zisungidwe, ndi kupewa kukokoloka kwa nthaka.
  • Kubzala mosinthana ndi kubzala kosakaniza: Kuyika m’munda wa tiyi zomera zina (mwachitsanzo, nyemba, mitengo, udzu) kuti nthaka ikhale yachonde, kukopa tizilombo tothandiza, ndi kupanga chilengedwe chokhazikika.

• Kuthana ndi tizilombo ndi matenda:

  • Njira zachilengedwe: Kugwiritsa ntchito adani achilengedwe a tizilombo (monga tizilombo tothandiza, mbalame), mankhwala achilengedwe (ochokera ku mabakiteriya, bowa, mavairasi), misampha ya maferomoni, kuti chiwerengero cha tizilombo ndi matenda chidziletsa.
  • Njira zaulimi: Kupanga mikhalidwe yabwino yakukula ndi thanzi la mbewu za tiyi, monga kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya ukuyenda bwino, kuwala kokwanira, kudula moyenera, zomwe zimakulitsa mphamvu yawo yachilengedwe yolimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo.
  • Kusiya mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi udzu: Kusiya kotheratu kapena kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi udzu opangidwa, omwe angawononge chilengedwe, thanzi la anthu, ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa zamoyo.

• Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi:

  • Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi bwino: Kukhazikitsa njira zothirira pogwetsa dontho, kusonkhanitsa madzi amvula, kuwunda, kuti madzi agwiritsidwe ntchito mwanzeru ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi.
  • Kuteteza madzi: Kupewa kuipitsidwa kwa magwero amadzi ndi madzi oyenda kuchokera m’minda ya tiyi, kupanga malo otetezera m’mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje kuti madzi azisefa.

• Kusunga kusiyanasiyana kwa zamoyo:

  • Kusunga malo achilengedwe: Kusunga kapena kubwezeretsa zomera zachilengedwe kuzungulira minda ya tiyi, kubzala mizere yamitengo, mipanda yachilengedwe, kuti pakhale malo okhala nyama zakutchire ndi zomera, ndi kusunga kusiyanasiyana kwa zamoyo.
  • Kupanga minda yosiyanasiyana ya tiyi: Kubzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo ya tiyi, komanso zomera zina zothandiza m’munda wa tiyi, kuti kukhazikika kwachilengedwe ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa chilengedwe zikulidwe.

• Kuchepetsa zinyalala ndi kuipitsa:

  • Kubwezeretsanso zinyalala: Kupanga kompositi ya zinyalala zachilengedwe (fumbi la tiyi, zodulira, zotsalira za feteleza) ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati feteleza.
  • Mapaketi osaipitsa chilengedwe: Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimabola kapena zomwe zingasinthidwe popaka tiyi, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki.
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mwanzeru: Kukhazikitsa matekinoloje osunga mphamvu pa magawo okonza tiyi, kugwiritsa ntchito magwero a mphamvu zowonjezereka.

• Udindo pa chikhalidwe:

  • Malonda achilungamo: Kuthandizira mikhalidwe yabwino ya ntchito kwa ogwira ntchito m’minda ya tiyi, kupereka malipiro oyenera, malo antchito otetezeka, ndi kulemekeza ufulu wa anthu.
  • Kuthandizira madera: Kuthandizira pa chitukuko cha madera omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kupanga tiyi, kupyolera mu kupanga ntchito, mapulogalamu a maphunziro, chitukuko cha zomangamanga.

3. Ubwino wa Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe:

Kupanga ndi kumwa Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe kumabweretsa ubwino wambiri:

• Pa thanzi la anthu:

  • Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala: Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe, wopangidwa popanda kapena ndi kagwiritsidwe kakang’ono ka mankhwala aulimi, amachepetsa chiopsezo cha kulowa kwa zinthu zovulaza m’thupi la munthu akamamwa tiyi.
  • Kutha kukhala ndi zakudya zambiri zothandiza: Kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti zakudya zolimidwa mwachilengedwe zingakhale ndi mavitamini, mamineralo, ndi ma antioxidant ochuluka, ngakhale kuti izi zikadali nkhani ya mkangano wa sayansi.
  • Kukoma kochena kopanda mankhwala: Okonda tiyi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe ali ndi kukoma kochena, kwachilengedwe, ndi kosalala, kumene kumasonyeza bwino malo ndi makhalidwe a mtundu wa tsamba, chifukwa sali “wodetsedwa” ndi zinthu zamankhwala.

• Pa chilengedwe:

  • Kusunga kusiyanasiyana kwa zamoyo: Njira za Sheng Tai zimathandiza kusunga ndi kuchulukitsa kusiyanasiyana kwa zamoyo m’madera a tiyi, kuthandiza thanzi la chilengedwe ndi kuteteza nyama zakutchire.
  • Kuteteza nthaka ndi madzi: Njira zaulimi zachilengedwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito madzi mwanzeru zimathandiza kusunga chonde cha nthaka, kupewa kukokoloka, kuipitsa magwero amadzi, ndi kusunga madzi.
  • Kuchepetsa kuipitsa chilengedwe: Kusiya mankhwala aulimi ndi kukonza tiyi m’njira yosamalira chilengedwe kumachepetsa kuipitsa nthaka, madzi, ndi mpweya, ndikuchepetsanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa wochokera ku kupanga tiyi.

• Pa chuma ndi mbali za chikhalidwe:

  • Kuthandizira chitukuko chosasinthika: Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe amathandizira chitukuko cha ulimi wosasinthika ndi chuma m’madera a tiyi, kupereka chitukuko chanthawi yayitali ndi ubwino wa madera.
  • Kupanga mtengo wowonjezera ndi msika wapamwamba: Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri amaikidwa ngati chinthu chapamwamba kwambiri ndipo amayamikiridwa pamsika, zomwe zingapatse opanga phindu lalikulu ndi kuthandizira chitukuko cha zachuma cha madera.
  • Kukulitsa chidziwitso ndi udindo wa zachilengedwe: Kufalitsa Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe kumathandiza kukulitsa chidziwitso cha ogula pa nkhani za chilengedwe ndi kumathandizira kufunika kwa zinthu zosaipitsa chilengedwe, kuthandizira kugula mwamaganizo.

4. Momwe mungazindikire Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe:

Kudziwa ngati tiyi alidi “wachi Sheng Tai” kungakhale kovuta, chifukwa mawuwa sakhala okhazikika kapena ovomerezeka nthawi zonse. Komabe, pali mfundo ndi njira zingapo zomwe zingathandize kuzindikira Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe:

• Chiphaso:

  • Chiphaso cha organic: Kukhalapo kwa chiphaso cha organic kuchokera ku mabungwe odziwika (mwachitsanzo, USDA Organic, EU Organic, JAS, 中国有机产品认证 – chiphaso cha organic cha ku China) ndi umboni wodalirika wakuti tiyi wapangidwa motsatira miyezo ya organic, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwirizana ndi mfundo za “Sheng Tai”. Yang’anani zizindikiro zoyenera pa paketi.
  • Chiphaso cha Fair Trade: Chiphaso cha Fair Trade (Malonda Achilungamo) chimasonyezanso kupanga mwamaganizo pachikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe, ngakhale kuti cholinga chachikulu chili pa mbali za chikhalidwe, koma mfundo za chilengedwe zimatsatidwanso nthawi zambiri.
  • Ziphaso zina za chilengedwe: Pangakhale ziphaso zina za m’madera kapena zapadera zotsimikizira kuti kupanga kumayang’ana kwambiri chilengedwe.

• Zambiri zochokera kwa opanga/ogulitsa:

  • Kufotokoza pa paketi ndi m’mafotokozedwe a chinthu: Onani mafotokozedwe a tiyi ochokera kwa wopanga kapena wogulitsa. Fufuzani mawu onena za kupanga “mwachilengedwe”, “popanda mankhwala”, “mosasinthika”, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe, kusiya mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi zina.
  • Kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi wopanga: Ngati n’kotheka, lumikizanani mwachindunji ndi wopanga kapena mlimi ndikufunsa mafunso okhudza njira zolimira tiyi. Opanga Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe, kaŵirikaŵiri, ali omasuka kuyankhula ndipo amafunitsitsa kupereka zambiri zokhudza machitidwe awo.
  • Mbiri ya wogulitsa: Gulani tiyi kwa ogulitsa odalirika, omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi tiyi wabwino komanso wopanda mankhwala, omwe amasamalira mbiri yawo ndipo angathe kutsimikizira chiyambi ndi khalidwe la chinthu.

• Maonekedwe ndi makhalidwe a tiyi (zizindikiro zosakhala zachindunji):

  • Maonekedwe achilengedwe: Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe angaoneke “mwachilengedwe” kwambiri, ndi masamba osakwanira bwino kapena osafanana, poyerekezera ndi tiyi wopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zaulimi zolimbikitsa kwambiri.
  • Kununkhira kwachilengedwe ndi kukoma: Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe angakhale ndi fungo ndi kukoma kochena, kwachilengedwe, ndi kwatsopano, ndi zizindikiro zowoneka bwino za malo olimidwa ndi “zopanga” zochepa.
  • Kusowa kwa kuwawa kwakukulu ndi kukwiyitsa: Amakhulupirira kuti tiyi wolimidwa mu nthaka yathanzi ndi m’malo ogwirizana a zamoyo amatha kukhala wofewa komanso wogwirizana pakukoma, wopanda kuwawa kwakukulu ndi kukwiyitsa.

5. Mitundu ya tiyi yopangidwa ngati Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe:

Mtundu uliwonse wa tiyi (wobiriwira, woyera, wachikasu, oolong, wofiira/wakuda, pu-erh) ungapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo za Sheng Tai. Ku China, kumene lingaliro la “Sheng Tai Cha” ndilofala, mungapeze mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tiyi wopangidwa mwachilengedwe, makamaka m’madera omwe amadziwika ndi miyambo yawo yopanga tiyi wopanda mankhwala, monga:

• Yunnan: Amadziwika kupanga Sheng Tai Pu-erh, komanso Sheng Tai Dian Hong (Dian Hong wachilengedwe), Sheng Tai Green Tea ndi mitundu ina.
• Fujian: Amapanga Sheng Tai White Tea (mwachitsanzo, Bai Mu Dan, Shou Mei), Sheng Tai Oolongs (mwachitsanzo, Tie Guan Yin), Sheng Tai Red Tea (mwachitsanzo, Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong).
• Zhejiang: Amadziwika ndi Sheng Tai Long Jing (Long Jing wachilengedwe) ndi mitundu ina ya tiyi wobiriwira.
• Anhui: Amapanga Sheng Tai Huang Shan Mao Feng (Huang Shan Mao Feng wachilengedwe) ndi tiyi wina wobiriwira.

6. Momwe mungaphikire Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe:

Malangizo ambiri ophikira Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe sali osiyana ndi malangizo a mitundu ina ya tiyi, koma pali mfundo zingapo zomwe muyenera kuziganizira kuti muthe kutulutsa mphamvu zake zonse ndikuyamikira makhalidwe ake achilengedwe:

• Madzi abwino: Gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofewa, osefedwa, kuti musasokoneze kukoma kwa tiyi ndi zinthu zina.
• Kutentha koyenera: Tsatirani kutentha komwe mwalimbikitsidwa kwa mtundu wina wa tiyi (tiyi wobiriwira – kutentha kotsika, tiyi wofiira/wakuda – kutentha kwakukulu, ndi zina), kuti musapse masamba osalala ndikutulutsa zonse zobisika za fungo ndi kukoma.
• Ziwiya zoyenera: Sankhani ziwiya zoyenera mtundu wa tiyi ndi kalembedwe kanu ka kamwedwe (gaiwan, mbiya ya dongo la Yixing, mbiya yagalasi, ndi zina).
• Kupikira mosamala: Onani mmene tsamba limatsegukira, mtundu wa madzi, kusintha kwa fungo ndi kukoma pa kupikira kulikonse. Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe, kaŵirikaŵiri, amatha kuwiritsidwa mobwerezabwereza, kusonyeza mbali zosiyanasiyana za khalidwe lake.
• Kusangalala ndi kukoma kwachilengedwe: Yesetsani kuyamikira ukhondo, kutsopano, ndi kukoma kwachilengedwe kwa Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe, popanda zizindikiro zazikulu za mankhwala kapena “zopanga”. Onani kukoma kotsalira pambuyo pakumwa ndi kumva kwakukwanira kwa mgwirizano ndi kukhazikika.

7. Kodi mungagule kuti Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe:

Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe angagulidwe m’malo osiyanasiyana, koma ndikofunika kusankha magwero odalirika, kuti mukhale ndi chitsimikizo cha khalidwe ndi chiyambi chachilengedwe cha tiyi:

• Masitolo apadera a tiyi: Masitolo omwe amayang’ana kwambiri tiyi wabwino waku China nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe kapena tiyi wopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zachilengedwe.
• Masitolo a pa intaneti: Mapulatifomu ambiri apaintaneti omwe amakhazikika pa tiyi amapereka mitundu yambiri ya tiyi wopanda mankhwala komanso wachilengedwe. Onani mafotokozedwe, ziphaso, ndi ndemanga za ogula.
• Mwachindunji kuchokera kwa opanga: Nthawi zina, mungagule Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe mwachindunji kuchokera kwa opanga, makamaka ngati mukuyenda m’madera a tiyi kapena mukupeza alimi omwe akugulitsa tiyi wawo mwachindunji kudzera pa intaneti.
• Masitolo a zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zakudya zathanzi: M’masitolo ena a zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zakudya zathanzi mungapezenso tiyi wovomerezeka wopanda mankhwala, omwe kwenikweni ndi mtundu umodzi wa Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe.

8. Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe vs. Tiyi Wa Mwambo (Wamba):

Makhalidwe	Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe (Sheng Tai)	Tiyi Wa Mwambo (Wamba)
Njira za kulima	Feteleza wachilengedwe, chitetezo chachilengedwe, kubzala mosinthana ndi zina.	Feteleza wa mankhwala, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ophera udzu, kubzala mtundu umodzi mokakamiza
Mphamvu pa chilengedwe	Yaing’ono, kusunga kusiyanasiyana kwa zamoyo, kuteteza nthaka ndi madzi	Yaikulu, kuipitsa nthaka ndi madzi, kutaya kusiyanasiyana kwa zamoyo, kukokoloka kwa nthaka
Thanzi la anthu	Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mankhwala, mwina uli ndi phindu lalikulu	Chiopsezo cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi zotsalira za mankhwala
Kukoma ndi fungo	Kochena kwambiri, kwachilengedwe, kosalala, kooneka bwino kwa malo	Kungakhale kopanda kusiyanasiyana kwambiri, ndi kukoma kotha kukhala ndi “mankhwala”
Mtengo	Nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera chifukwa cha kupanga kovuta kwambiri	Nthawi zambiri umakhala wotsika, kupanga kochuluka
Chiphaso	Organic, Fair Trade, ziphaso zina za chilengedwe	Nthawi zambiri palibe, pangakhale chidziwitso chokha cha mtundu ndi dera
Cholinga cha kupanga	Kusasinthika, khalidwe, mgwirizano ndi chilengedwe	Zokolola zochuluka, kupanga kochuluka

Pomaliza:

Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe si tiyi chabe, ndi nzeru ndi khalidwe la moyo, zomwe cholinga chake ndi kukhala pamodzi mogwirizana kwa munthu ndi chilengedwe. Posankha Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe, simukungosangalala ndi chakumwa chokoma ndi chonunkhira, komanso mumathandizira kupanga mwamaganizo mosamalira chilengedwe, kusunga chilengedwe, ndi thanzi la mibadwo yamtsogolo.

12. Mfundo Zochititsa Chidwi:

Lingaliro la “生态茶” linayambika ku China m’zaka za m’ma 1980 monga yankho ku mavuto a chilengedwe omwe anadza chifukwa cha kulimbikitsa ulimi. Minda yoyamba ya tiyi yachilengedwe idakhazikitsidwa m’chigawo cha Yunnan, kumene kwasungidwa mitengo yakale ya tiyi, imamera m’malo achilengedwe a nkhalango.

M’madera ena a ku China, pali “nkhalango za tiyi” (茶林, chá lín), kumene mitengo ya tiyi imamera pakati pa mitundu ina ya mitengo, ndikupanga chilengedwe chapadera. Tiyi wotere amadziwika kuti ndi wachilengedwe koposa ndipo amayamikiridwa kwambiri.

Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti m’minda yachilengedwe ya tiyi mumakhala mitundu yochuluka ka 3-5 ya tizilombo ndi mbalame kuposa m’minda wamba. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi adani achilengedwe a tizilombo towononga tiyi, ndikupanga kukhazikika kwachilengedwe.

Ndi chidwi kuti opanga ena a Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe amagwiritsa ntchito nyimbo polimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera – nyimbo zachi China zachikale kapena mamvekedwe a chilengedwe amawalimbika m’minda ya tiyi, zomwe, malinga ndi iwo, zimapangitsa kuti tiyi akhale wabwino.

M’chigawo cha Fujian pali mwambo wa “kalendala ya tiyi” ya Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe, kumene kututa masamba kumayenderana osati kokha ndi nyengo, komanso ndi magawo a mwezi ndi kalendala yachi China yamwambo, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi zofunika kuti tiyi wapamwamba kwambiri atengedwere.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri amawonjezeka mtengo ndi 30-100% kuposa ofanana nawo wamba chifukwa cha kupanga kovuta kwambiri, zokolola zochepa, ndi ndalama za ziphaso. Mitengo imasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku 200-500 yuan pa kilogalamu ya tiyi wobiriwira wamba kufika ku 2000-5000 yuan kapena kupitilira apo ya ma pu-erh ndi ma oolong apamwamba.

Mwatsoka, kutchuka kokulira kwa tiyi wachilengedwe kwadzetsa zonyenga. Zizindikiro zazikulu za chinyengo zimaphatikizapo: ziphaso zopanda kapena zabodza, mtengo wotsika mokayikitsa, mtundu wakuda kwambiri ndi wofanana wa masamba (ungasonyeze kugwiritsa ntchito utoto), fungo la mankhwala kapena kukoma kotsalira.

Pofuna kutsimikizira kuti ndi chenicheni, akulimbikitsidwa kuti: mupemphe ziphaso zoyambirira zokhala ndi manambala omwe angayang’anidwe m’masamba a mabungwe opereka ziphaso; mugule kwa ogulitsa odalirika ndi mbiri yabwino; mwazindikire za paketi – Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe weniweni nthawi zambiri amapakidwa m’zinthu zachilengedwe zokhala ndi zambiri zatsatanetsatane za wopanga.

Pophika, zonyenga nthawi zambiri zimatulutsa madzi osaoneka bwino, mtundu wosakhala wachilengedwe, fungo lakuthwa kapena la mankhwala. Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe weniweni ayenera kutulutsa madzi oyera, owoneka bwino ndi fungo lachilengedwe ndi kukoma kofewa, kogwirizana.

10. Kusunga:

Kusunga bwino Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe ndikofunika kwambiri kuti ukhale wachilengedwe komanso wabwino. Popeza tiyi wotere alibe zokometsera zamankhwala, amatha kukhala wosakhazikika ku mikhalidwe yosungira.

Mfundo zazikulu za kusunga zikuphatikizapo kuteteza ku kuwala, chinyezi, fungo lachilendo, ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha. Kutentha koyenera kosungira ndi 15-20°C ndi chinyezi chochepera 50-60%. Tiyi ayenera kusungidwa m’mabokosi osindikizidwa a mbiya, chitsulo kapena mabokosi apadera a tiyi (茶叶罐, cháyè guàn). Kwa ma pu-erh, kusunga m’mapaketi a pepala pamene chinyezi chili choyendetsedwa ndikololedwa.

Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe wobiriwira ndi woyera ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa zaka 1-2 pambuyo popangidwa, ma oolong amasunga khalidwe kwa zaka 2-3, tiyi wofiira – mpaka zaka 3. Ma sheng pu-erh ochokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe amatha kusungidwa kwa zaka makumi angapo, kukonza makhalidwe awo akasungidwa bwino. Ndikofunika kuyang’ana nthawi zonse momwe tiyi alili ndipo, ngati pakufunika, mpweya wabwino m’chipinda chosungira.

Sikulimbikitsidwa kusunga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tiyi pamodzi, chifukwa imatha kusinthana fungo. Komanso, kupewa kusunga pafupi ndi zonunkhira, khofi, kapena zakudya zina zonunkhira.

9. Kuphika:

Kuphika Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe kumafuna chidwi chapadera pa zonse, kuti mutulutse mokwanira ukhondo wake wachilengedwe ndi kukoma kwake kogwirizana. Popeza tiyi wachilengedwe amalimidwa m’mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, masamba ake amatha kukhala osalala kwambiri ndipo amafunika kusamalidwa mwachifundo.

Kwa Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe wobiriwira, akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha 75-80°C, nthawi ya kuphika koyamba ndi masekondi 15-20. Kwa ma oolong, kutentha kumatha kukwezedwa kufika 85-95°C, ndipo kwa tiyi wofiira ndi ma pu-erh – kufika 95-100°C. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa okhala ndi mchere wochepa, kuti tisabise zizindikiro zosakhwima za kukoma.

Kuchuluka kwa tiyi kumatengera mtundu: kwa tiyi wobiriwira ndi woyera, magalamu 2-3 pa 100 ml a madzi ndi okwanira, kwa ma oolong ndi tiyi wofiira – magalamu 4-5, kwa ma pu-erh – magalamu 5-7. Tiyi ya Zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri amapirira kuphika kochuluka kuposa tiyi wamba – kuchokera 5-7 kwa tiyi wobiriwira kufika 10-15 kwa ma pu-erh, ndipo kuphika kulikonse kotsatira kumatulutsa mbali zatsopano za kukoma.

Akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothira (gongfu cha), yomwe imakuthandizani kuwongolera mokwanira ndondomeko ya kutulutsa fungo ndi kuwona kusintha kwa khalidwe la tiyi pa kuphika kulikonse. Pamaso pophika, masamba ayenera kutsukidwa ndi kuthira mwachangu madzi otentha kuti adzutse fungo lawo.