Shàngráo Bái Méi · new.thetea.app

Shàngráo Bái Méi ndi tiyi wobiriwira wapadera wochokera ku chigawo cha Jiangxi, chizindikiro chachikulu cha cholowa cha tiyi cha dera la Guangxin mumzinda wa Shangrao. Dzina lake lolemekezeka — “Nsidze Zoyera zochokera ku Shangrao” — linapatsidwa chifukwa cha ubweya wambiri woyera ngati siliva umene uli pamwamba pa tsamba, umene umafanana ndi nsidze yoyera ya anzeru a Taoist a moyo wautali. Adapangidwa mu 1983 kuchokera ku mtundu wa masamba wamba wa Damiamianbai, tiyi uyu mwamsanga adadziwika m’dziko lonse ndipo mu 2007 adalandira udindo wa chinthu chotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha malo.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá). Wosapangidwa kupsa; mulingo wa okosijeni ndi wochepa (ochepera 5%).
Gulu: Tiyi wapadera (wadera) wobiriwira waku China. Ali m’gulu la “Tiyi asanu ndi atatu odziwika a chigawo cha Jiangxi” (江西八大名茶, Jiāngxī bā dà míng chá).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Jiangxi (江西省, Jiāngxī Shěng), mzinda wa Shangrao (上饶市, Shàngráo Shì), dera la Guangxin (广信区, Guǎngxìn Qū, kale linali boma la Shangrao).
Madera ogwirizana: Kutalika kwa kum’mawa 117°41′–118°14′, kutalika kwa kumpoto 27°58′–28°50′.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri:

Mbiri ya tiyi ya dera la Shangrao ili ndi zaka zoposera chikwi chimodzi ndi mazana awiri. Mu nthawi ya mafumu a Tang (唐朝, 618–907) katswiri wamkulu wa tiyi Lu Yu (陆羽, Lù Yǔ), wolemba “Buku Lopatulika la Tiyi” (《茶经》, Chá Jīng), m’zaka zake zomaliza adakhazikika pa phiri la Chashan (茶山寺, Cháshān Sì) kumpoto kwa Shangrao, komwe adalima tiyi ndikukumba kasupe mwamwala. Wolemba ndakatulo Meng Jiao (孟郊, Mèng Jiāo) adalemba chochitika ichi mu ndakatulo “Malemba pa Nyumba Yatsopano ya Lu Hongjian ku Shangrao” (《题陆鸿渐上饶新开山舍》): “Anatsegula nyumba yosunga mitambo; anakhotcha mwala — ndipo adapeza kasupe.” Kasupe wa Lu Yu (陆羽泉, Lù Yǔ Quán), wodziwikanso kuti “Chitsime cha Ruju” (胭脂井, Yānzhi Jǐng) chifukwa cha mtundu wofiira wa nthaka, wakalipo mpaka lero.

Asanamasulidwe dera linali lodziwika ndi tiyi wofiira “Hehong” (河红, Hé Hóng). Mu 1956 kupanga kunasinthidwa kukhala tiyi wobiriwira, yemwe adatchedwa “Raolü” (饶绿, Ráo Lǜ — “Wobiriwira wochokera ku Rao”). Kuyambira 1968 mpaka 1984 kuchokera m’munda wa tiyi wa gulu la mzinda wa Shanghu (上沪乡, Shànghù Xiāng), malo a Hongshuikeng (洪水坑), kupyolera mu kusankha payekha ndi kufalitsa kwa vegetative, mtundu wosagonana wa “Damiamianbai” (大面白, Dàmiànbái) udapangidwa. Mu 1984 adayesedwa ndi chigawo ndikulandira mphoto ya luso la sayansi ndi ukadaulo chigawo cha Jiangxi.

Mu 1983 akatswiri a siteshoni ya tiyi ya boma la Shangrao pamunda wa tiyi wa mzinda wa Zunqiao (尊桥乡, Zūnqiáo Xiāng) adapanga mtundu watsopano wa tiyi wobiriwira, womwe udatchedwa “Shàngráo Bái Méi”. Chaka chomwecho adadziwika kuti “Tiyi Wapadera Wodziwika wa chigawo cha Jiangxi”. Mu 1995 pa Chiwonetsero Chachiwiri cha Zaulimi cha China tiyi adalandira mendulo ya golide ndipo adalembedwa m’ndandanda wa zinthu zapadera za boma (国家特贡产品, guójiā tè gòng chǎnpǐn). Mu 2007 adalembetsedwa ngati chinthu chotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha malo (国家地理标志产品, guójiā dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn). Mu 2010 adalandira mphoto ya golide pa Chiwonetsero Chapadziko Lonse cha Tiyi ku China. Pofika chaka cha 2023 mtengo wa chizindikiro cha “Shàngráo Bái Méi” unayesedwa kukhala 2,445 biliyoni ya yuan.

Dzina:
- Shàngráo (上饶, Shàngráo) — dzina la mzinda ndi boma la mbiri kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa chigawo cha Jiangxi.
- Bái (白, Bái) — “yoyera”: kutanthauza ubweya woyera wochuluka umene umakuta tsamba.
- Méi (眉, Méi) — “nsidze”: fanizo la mawonekedwe a tsamba louma, lofanana ndi nsidze yopindika ya anzeru a Taoist a moyo wautali (寿星, Shòuxīng).
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Shàngráo Bái Méi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha tiyi cha dera la Guangxin komanso gawo lofunika la cholowa cha chikhalidwe cha dera. Kugwirizana ndi dzina la Lu Yu kumapereka tiyi udindo wapadera wa “teyi-ndakatulo”. Uwu ndi tiyi wachikhalidwe wopereka mphatso wachisanu ndi chiwiri cha chigawo cha Jiangxi, umene umagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa misonkhano yovomerezeka ndi zochitika zoyesera.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu / Kultivari: Kultivari wamkulu ndi Damiamianbai (大面白, Dàmiànbái), mzere wosagonana wosankhidwa kuderalo wochokera m’munda wa tiyi wa gulu la Shangrao. Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Zizindikiro zake: ubweya wochuluka (茸毛密布, róngmáo mìbù), kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid (4,6–5,37% ya chouma), nthawi yayitali ya kuphuka kwa mphukira ndi masiku 7–10 kuposera mitundu yokhazikika. Mitundu yothandizira ndi Fuding Dabai Cha (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá) ndi Zhuye Qi (槠叶齐, Zhūyè Qí).
Zaka za mitengo: Ambiri mwa tchire la tiyi ali ndi zaka zoposera 30.
Kututa: Kututa kwa masika (March — April), makamaka masiku asanakwane ndi pambuyo pa phwando la Qingming (清明, Qīngmíng). Tiyi wa masika ali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ma amino acid.
Muyezo wa kututa: Malingana ndi giredi: mphukira imodzi ndi tsamba loyamba kutambasuka (银毫), mphukira imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi lotambasuka (毛尖), mphukira imodzi ndi masamba awiri oyamba kutambasuka (翠峰). Lamulo la “zoletsa zisanu” (五不采, wǔ bù cǎi) limatsatiridwa mosamala: osatuta mphukira pamvula, osatuta mphukira zonyowa ndi mame, osatuta mphukira zopanda kanthu, osatuta mphukira zosintha mtundu, osatuta mphukira zowonongeka ndi tizilombo.
Zofunikira pa zopangira: Muyezo wamba ndi “zofewa, zofanana, zatsopano, zoyera” (嫩、匀、鲜、净, nèn, yún, xiān, jìng).

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Mapiri: Dera la Guangxin lili m’dera la mapiri a Wuyishan (kum’mawa) ndi Huaiyushan. Mawonekedwe a nthaka ndi “okwera m’mbali”: malire akummwera ndi kumpoto ndi okwera, pakati ndi otsika motsatira mtsinje wa Xinjiang. Malo okwera kwambiri kummwera ndi nsonga ya Wufugang (五府岗, Wǔfǔ Gǎng), 1891.4 m; kumpoto ndi nsonga ya Lingshan (灵山天梯峰), 1496 m.
Utali wa malo olimapo: 300–600 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Minda ya tiyi ili makamaka m’mapiri, nthawi zonse ili m’mitambo ndi chifunga, ndi kuthirira ndi mitsinje ya m’mapiri.
Nyengo: Nyengo yamvula yotentha ya subtropical. Kutentha kwapachaka 17.8°C. Mvula yapachaka — pafupifupi 1724 mm. Masiku achifunga amaposa 180 pachaka. Kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa usiku ndi usana — koposa 8°C. Nthawi yopanda chisanu — masiku 270. Kuwala kwa dzuwa pachaka — maola 1839. Kuwala kochuluka kwa kufalikira kumathandiza kuti ma amino acid azisunganidwa m’masamba a tiyi.
Nthaka: Nthaka zofiira (红壤, hóng rǎng) ndi zachikasu (黄壤, huáng rǎng) ndizochuluka, zokhala ndi asidi (pH 5.2–6.3). Nthaka ndi zofunikira zina: zinki — 76.2 mg/kg, ndipo palinso selenium ndi zinthu zina zofunikira kwa thupi.
Zachilengedwe: Kuphimba kwa nkhalango kwa dera ndi 81%. Kuchuluka kwa ma ion a okosijeni oipa kumaposa 50 kuposa m’mizinda. Dera lili ndi chiphaso cha “China Natural Oxygen Bar” (中国天然氧吧, Zhōngguó Tiānrán Yǎng Bā).

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Ukadaulo wa Shàngráo Bái Méi ndi wa mtundu wa “chaoqing” (炒青 — kukonza mwa kukazinga) ndi njira yapadera ya “kukweza ubweya” (提毫, tí háo), yomwe imapereka tiyi mawonekedwe ake a “chipale chofewa”. Kupanga kumaphatikiza ntchito zamanja ndi makina; powuma potsiriza, makala achikhalidwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuyala masamba atsopano (摊放 — tān fàng): Zopangira zoyikidwa zimayalidwa mosanjikiza m’chipinda chozizira ndi mpweya wabwino kwa maola 4-6. Cholinga ndi kuchotsa chinyezi pang’ono, kuyamba kupanga fungo, ndi kuwonjezera kusinthika kwa tsamba.
Kuletsa ma enzyme / “kupha wobiriwira” (杀青 — shā qīng): Kuchitidwa m’ng’anjo ya ng’oma pa kutentha kwa 130–140°C. Kutentha kwakukulu kumalepheretsa ma oxidase ndi polyphenol oxidase, kuteteza mtundu wobiriwira ndi kukoma kwatsopano. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kupewa kupsa pamene kutentha kumafanana.
Kupotoza ndi kukweza ubweya (搓揉提毫 — cuō róu tí háo): Kutentha kwa ntchito 70–80°C. Masamba amapotozedwa, kupanga zidutswa zowongoka zofanana ndi “nsidze”. Pa siteji iyi, ntchito yodziwika bwino ya “tihao” imachitika — kupukuta momveka, kusonyeza ndi kuwongola ubweya woyera ngati siliva pamwamba pa tsamba.
Kuyanika koyamba (初烘 — chū hōng): Kuyanika pa kutentha kwa 70–80°C, kumachepetsa chinyezi mpaka mulingo wapakati.
Kuyanika komaliza (复烘 — fù hōng): Kuyanikanso pa kutentha kwa 50–60°C mpaka chinyezi chotsalira chosaposera 6.5%. Pa siteji iyi, makala achikhalidwe (木炭烘焙, mùtàn hōngbèi) amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amateteza fungo mosamala osati kuwononga ubweya.
Makhalidwe apadera a ukadaulo: Ntchito yapadera ya “tihao” (提毫) ndi chizindikiro cha Shàngráo Bái Méi, chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi tiyi wina wambiri wobiriwira wa chigawo. Kutsatira mwamphamvu “zoletsa zisanu” pakututa ndi kuwongolera kwathunthu kutentha pa siteji iliyonse kumapereka khalidwe lokhazikika.

6. Makhalidwe a Kununkhira ndi Kukoma (Oganoleptic):

Mawonekedwe a tsamba louma: Mawonekedwe — “onga nsidze” (眉形, méi xíng): zidutswa zowongoka, zolimba, zofanana. Zokutidwa kwambiri ndi ubweya woyera ngati siliva (白毫满披, bái háo mǎn pī). Mtundu — wobiriwira wandiweyani wonyezimira ngati mafuta (色泽绿润, sè zé lǜ rùn). Giredi ya Yinhao (银毫) imadziwika ndi mtundu woyera kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchulukira kwa ubweya.
Fungo la tsamba louma: Loyeretsedwa, lapamwamba, lokhala ndi fungo lowonekera la mtedza wa chifumu (熟栗香, shú lì xiāng), makamaka lomveka bwino pa giredi ya Yinhao. Zotsalira za maluwa.
Fungo la madzi: Lapamwamba ndi lokhalitsa (清高持久, qīng gāo chíjiǔ). Nkhani yayikulu ndi fungo la mtedza wa chifumu, lotsatizana ndi zizindikiro zatsopano zobiriwira ndi maluwa opepuka. Fungo silitha pa zikapiso zingapo.
Kukoma: Kwatsopano ndi kwakukwanira (鲜浓, xiān nóng), ndi umami wowonekera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid. Thupi — lapakati, ndikumva kofewa koma kolimba (醇, chún). Kutsekemera kobwerera (回甘, huí gān) kumakhalitsa mkamwa. Kukoma nkoyenerana — popanda kuwawa kapena kukakamira koyipa ngati akuphikidwa moyenera.
Mtundu wa madzi: Wobiriwira wofewa, wowala ndi woyera (嫩绿明亮, nèn lǜ míng liàng). Popanga Yinhao, madzi amakhala obiriwira opepuka okhala ndi kunyezimira “kwonyezimira”.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa): Lobiriwira lofewa, lofanana, lonyowa ndi lamoyo (嫩绿匀整鲜活, nèn lǜ yún zhěng xiān huó). Pa Yinhao — mphukira zathunthu, zofanana ndi malilime a mpheta (雀舌, què shé), zoyima mokhazikika mu kapu.

7. Zomangamanga za Chemical:

Polyphenols (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Zili — osachepera 21.3% (kwa giredi yapadera). Catechins (儿茶素, ér chá sù) — 122.57 mg/g. Zimapereka ntchito yolimbana ndi okosijeni ndi kupanga gawo la kukoma kokakamira.
Ma amino acid (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): Zachuluka — osachepera 4.6% (kwa giredi yoyamba), mpaka 5.37% kwa kultivari Damiamianbai. L-theanine ndiye amino acid yaikulu, yomwe imapereka umami wapadera watsopano ndi mphamvu yofewa yotsitsimula. Kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid ndi chizindikiro cha tiyi uyu, chogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa masiku achifunga ndi kuwala kofalikira m’dera lolimamo.
Zotulutsa zamadzi (水浸出物, shuǐ jìnchūwù): Osachepera 50% (kwa giredi yapadera) — chizindikiro cha “kutulutsidwa” ndi kuzama kwa madzi, choposa muyezo wa dziko la tiyi wobiriwira (34%).
Alkaloids: Caffeine (咖啡因, kāfēiyīn) — kuchuluka kokhazikika kwa tiyi wobiriwira wa m’mapiri, pafupifupi 25–35 mg/g ya tsamba louma. Theobromine ndi theophylline zilipo pang’ono.
Mavitamini: Vitamini C (ascorbic acid) — tiyi wobiriwira wosaphika kwambiri amasunga gawo lalikulu la ascorbic acid. Alinso ndi mavitamini a gulu B, vitamini E.
Minerolo: Zinki, selenium, potaziyamu, phosphorous, magnesiamu. Zinki ndi selenium zimakhala zochuluka chifukwa cha makhalidwe a nthaka a dera la Guangxin.
Mafuta ofunika ndi zopanga fungo: Fungo la mtedza wa chifumu limapangidwa ndi gulu la pyrazines ndi furanones, zomwe zimapangidwa pakukazinga kochepa. Zizindikiro zatsopano zobiriwira zimachokera ku hexanal ndi cis-3-hexenol.

8. Zopindulitsa:

Ntchito yolimbana ndi okosijeni: Kuchuluka kwa polyphenols ndi catechins kumapereka mphamvu yayikulu yochepetsera ma free radicals, kuthandiza kuchedwetsa kukalamba kwa maselo.
Kuthandiza dongosolo la mtima: Catechins (makamaka EGCG) amathandiza kuchepetsa mulingo wa cholesterol “woipa” (LDL), kufulumizitsa kagayidwe ka mafuta ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis.
Mphamvu yotsitsimula ndi yamaganizidwe: L-theanine pamodzi ndi caffeine amapereka mphamvu yofewa, yokhazikika ndi kuwala kwa maganizo popanda kukwera kwadzidzidzi ndi kugwa, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi khofi.
Kuteteza mano ndi mkamwa: Fluoride ndi catechins omwe ali mu tiyi amalepheretsa kuchita kwa mabakiteriya oyambitsa zibowo ndi kuchepetsa kupangika kwa dothi la mano.
Kuthandiza chitetezo cha mthupi: Polyphenols, vitamini C ndi zinthu zina zofunikira (zinki, selenium) zimagwira ntchito limodzi kulimbitsa mphamvu za chitetezo cha thupi.
Kuthandizira chakudya: Kumwa tiyi wobiriwira mochepa kumalimbikitsa kutuluka kwa ma enzyme a kugaya ndi kuthandizira kayendedwe koyenera ka m’mimba.
Mkhalidwe wa khungu: Ma antioxidants ndi vitamini E amathandiza kusunga mphamvu ya khungu ndi kuteteza ku kuwonongeka kwa ma UV.

9. Kuphikira:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85°C. Kwa giredi ya Yinhao (银毫) — 80°C; kwa Maojian (毛尖) ndi Cuifeng (翠峰) — 80–85°C. Sikuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha kwambiri: kutentha kopitirira 85°C kumawononga L-theanine ndi kutulutsa kuwawa kochuluka.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml (chiŵerengero 1:50). Kwa gaiwan (100–120 ml) — 5 g.
Zombo: Kapu yagalasi yowonekera (透明玻璃杯, tòumíng bōli bēi) — ndiyo yabwino kuwonera “kuvina” kwa mphukira; gaiwan yoyera ya porcelain (白瓷盖碗, bái cí gàiwǎn) — kuti athe kuwongolera bwino kutulutsa ndi kusonkhanitsa fungo.
Ndondomeko:
1. Kutenthetsa zombo: Tsukani kapu kapena gaiwan ndi madzi otentha.
2. Kuyika tiyi: Kwa giredi ya Yinhao, njira yoyika pamwamba (上投法, shàng tóu fǎ) ndiyo yabwino: choyamba tsanulani madzi, kenako ikani tiyi mosamala. Kwa Maojian ndi Cuifeng — njira yapakati (中投法, zhōng tóu fǎ): tsanulani 1/3 ya madzi, wonjezerani tiyi, gwedezani pang’ono kuti anyowe, kenako dzazani mpaka mulingo wonse.
3. Kupisa koyamba: mphindi 1–2 kwa Yinhao; mphindi 2–3 kwa Maojian ndi Cuifeng.
4. Kupsinja mobwereza: Onjezerani masekondi 30 pa kuphika kulikonse komwe kukubwera. Bai Mei wabwino amatha kupirira kuphika kokwanira 3–4.
5. Chofunika: Tsanulani madzi m’mphepete mwa kapu ndi mtsinje wofewa, osalunjika mtsinjewo pa masamba — izi zimalepheretsa kufalikira kwa ubweya ndi kusokoneza madzi.
Madzi: Madzi ofewa okhala ndi mchere wochepa ndiwo abwino. Madzi a kasupe wa m’mapiri ndiwo oyenera kwambiri. Madzi a alkaline angasokoneze mtundu wa madzi.

10. Kusunga:

Mikhalidwe: Phukusi losindikizidwa, kutetezedwa ku kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo lachilendo. Kusungirako koyenera — mufiriji pa 0–5°C m’phukusi la vacuum kapena la fayilo ya aluminiyamu. Nthawi yosungira m’mikhalidwe imeneyi — mpaka miyezi 12; mu phukusi la vacuum — mpaka miyezi 18.
Kuthekera: Shàngráo Bái Méi ndi tiyi wa kutsitsimuka. Fungo ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri — miyezi 6 yoyambirira pambuyo popanga. Sikuyenera kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.
Malangizo: Tiyi watsopano amalimbikitsidwa kusungidwa masiku 5-7 mutatsegula pamalo amdima pa kutentha kwa chipinda kuti “moto uchoke” (褪火, tuì huǒ), kenako kusungidwa mufiriji. Mutatsegula phukusi la vacuum, ndibwino kumwa pasanathe mwezi umodzi.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonama:

Gulu la mtengo: Mtengo umasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi giredi. Yinhao (银毫, Yínháo) — kuyambira 800 yuan pa jin (500 g) ndi kupitirira; Maojian (毛尖, Máojiān) — 400–600 yuan pa jin; Cuifeng (翠峰, Cuìfēng) — 200–400 yuan pa jin. Mitengo imasiyana malinga ndi chaka, wopanga weniweni ndi nyengo ya kututa.
Zinthu zokhuza mtengo: Giredi ya zopangira (kufewa kwa mphukira), nthawi ya kututa (tiyi wa chisanu ndichokwera mtengo), malo enieni (pakati pa malo — Zunqiao, Dongtuan), kupanga kwamanja vs. makina.
Momwe mungapewere zonama:
- Gulani kwa ogulitsa odalirika omwe ali ndi chitsimikizo cha chizindikiro cha malo (地理标志, dìlǐ biāozhì).
- Onani mawonekedwe: Bai Mei weniweni amadziwika ndi zidutswa zowongoka, zofanana ndi ubweya woyera ngati siliva wochuluka ndi wathunthu (wosagwa).
- Onani fungo: loyeretsedwa, lapamwamba, ndi fungo la mtedza wa chifumu. Kupanda fungo lina kapena “lofunda”.
- Onani madzi: ayenera kukhala oyera, obiriwira opepuka, opanda kusokonezeka.
- Khalani osamala ndi mtengo wotsika wokayikitsa — Yinhao wabwino sangakhale wotsika mtengo chifukwa cha ntchito yotuta ndi manja ndi kutulutsa kochepa.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

Dzina lochokera kwa anzeru: Dzina “Bái Méi” (白眉 — “Nsidze Yoyera”) ndi chochitika chosowa cha mayina a “anthu” a tiyi: ubweya woyera pamasamba ooneka ngati singano umafanana ndi nsidze yoyera yochuluka ya mulungu wa Taoist wa moyo wautali Shouxing (寿星). M’chikhalidwe cha China, nsidze zoyera zazitali ndi chizindikiro cha nzeru ndi zaka zambiri za moyo.
Kuvina kwa mphukira: Popanga giredi ya Yinhao ndi njira ya pamwamba, mphukira zimamira m’madzi pang’onopang’ono, kenako zimabwerera ndi “kuima” molunjika, zomwe zimapanga mawonekedwe a “nkhalango ya yade” (玉立, yù lì). Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zowonetsa zokongola kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira waku China.
Kugwirizana ndi Lu Yu: Shangrao ndi umodzi mwamizinda yochepa yomwe kukhalapo kwa “wopatulika wa tiyi” Lu Yu kuli kotsimikiziridwa ndi zolembedwa: kasupe womwe adakumba ndi mabwinja a nyumba ya amonke a tiyi asungidwa kwa zaka zoposa chikwi.
Chizindikiro cha biliyoni: Pofika 2023, mtengo wa chizindikiro cha “Shàngráo Bái Méi” udafika 2.445 biliyoni ya yuan (pafupifupi madola 340 miliyoni), zomwe zimayiyika pamodzi ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za tiyi za madera a China.
Paradaiso wa okosijeni: Dera lakulimako lili ndi chiphaso cha “China Natural Oxygen Bar” — kuchuluka kwa ma ion a mpweya wabwino kumaposa 50 kuposa m’mizinda, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji kuyera ndi kutsitsimuka kwa tsamba la tiyi.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina Wobiriwira:

Xinyang Maojian (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Tiyi wodziwika wochokera ku chigawo cha Henan. Alinso ndi ubweya wochuluka ndi kukoma kwatsopano, koma amasiyana ndi kupotozedwa kolimba, “konga singano” ndi fungo la mtedza wa chifumu lowonekera kwambiri. Shàngráo Bái Méi ndi “wofewa” m’thupi ndi “wotsekemera” pakumaliza chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid a kultivari Damiamianbai.
Lushan Yunwu (庐山云雾, Lúshān Yúnwù): Tiyi wina wodziwika wobiriwira waku Jiangxi, wochokera ku phiri la Lushan. Wochepa thupi komanso wopepuka, ndi fungo lalikulu la maluwa ndi nyemba. Bai Mei ndi wolimba, wokhala ndi fungo la mtedza wa chifumu lowonekera kwambiri ndi kutsekemera kwaitali kobwerera.
Wuyuan Mingmei (婺源茗眉, Wùyuán Mínméi): Tiyi wina “wonga nsidze” wochokera ku Jiangxi (dera la Wuyuan). Amasiyana ndi kupotozedwa kochepa komanso fungo losiyana pang’ono (lobiriwira kwambiri). Bai Mei amawoneka “wamkulu” ndi ubweya wowonekera kwambiri.
Huangshan Maofeng (黄山毛峰, Huángshān Máofēng): Tiyi wachikale wobiriwira wochokera ku chigawo choyandikana cha Anhui. Maofeng amadziwika ndi fungo lalikulu la “maluwa-orchid” ndi mawonekedwe a tsamba “malilime a mpheta ndi m’mphepete mwa golide”. Bai Mei ndi wokoma kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe a “singano” owongoka.

14. Mitundu (magiredi) a Shàngráo Bái Méi:

Malingana ndi kufewa kwa zopangira ndi muyezo wa kututa, tiyi amagawidwa m’magiredi atatu akulu:

Yinhao (银毫, Yínháo — “Ubweya wa Siliva”): Giredi yapamwamba kwambiri. Zopangira — mphukira imodzi ndi tsamba loyamba kutambasuka (一芽一叶初展). Amawoneka ngati singano ya siliva: yoyera kwambiri, yowongoka. Popanga, mphukira zimaima molunjika, monga “zipilala za yade”. Fungo — la mtedza wa chifumu lowala; kukoma — kwatsopano, kotsekemera ndi kutsekemera kwakukulu kobwerera. Zotulutsa zamadzi ≥50%, polyphenols a tiyi ≥21.3%.
Maojian (毛尖, Máojiān — “Nsonga zaubweya”): Giredi yapakati. Zopangira — mphukira imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi lotambasuka (一芽一叶开展). Masamba ndi olimba, okhala ndi ubweya wowonekera bwino. Fungo — lokhalitsa, loyera; kukoma — kwatsopano ndi kofewa (鲜醇, xiān chún). Ma amino acid ≥4.6%.
Cuifeng (翠峰, Cuìfēng — “Nsonga ya Emerodi”): Giredi yoyambira. Zopangira — mphukira imodzi ndi masamba awiri oyamba kutambasuka (一芽二叶初展). Zidutswa ndi zolimba, ndi ubweya wowonekera. Kukoma — kwakukwanira, thupi — lolimba kuposa magiredi apamwamba. Amatha kupirira kuphika kokwanira 4-5. Ndiwoyenera kumwa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Pomaliza:

Shàngráo Bái Méi ndi tiyi wokhala ndi mbiri yokongola ndi khalidwe lowala. Kumbuyo kwa mawonekedwe ake a “chipale chofewa” kuli chikhalidwe cha tiyi cha zaka chikwi cha Jiangxi: kuchokera ku kasupe wa Lu Yu kupita ku minda yotsimikiziridwa yamakono ya dera la Guangxin. Kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid kumamupangitsa kukhala mmodzi mwa tiyi wobiriwira “wokoma” kwambiri mu gulu lake lamtengo — kutsitsimuka, kutsekemera kwa mtedza wa chifumu ndi hui gan yayitali kumabweretsa chisangalalo kwa oyamba kumene komanso odziwa zambiri. Kapu yokhala ndi “ma singano a siliva” a Yinhao oima molunjika si tiyi wophikidwa chabe, koma sewero laling’ono, lokumbutsa kuti kumwa tiyi ku China nthawi zonse kunali luso.