Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán

Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán (商南泉茗, Shāngnán quán míng) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wapamwamba kwambiri wochokera m’boma la Shāngnán (商南县, Shāngnán Xiàn) m’chigawo cha Shāngluò (商洛市, Shāngluò Shì) m’chigawo cha Shǎnxī. Ili ndi chinthu chotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha malo (地理标志产品), chomwe chinalandira chitetezo mu 2007. Tiyiyi ndi wa mtundu wosowa m’zochitika zaku China – “kuotcha pang’ono ndi kuumitsa pang’ono” (半烘半炒, bàn hōng bàn chǎo) – ndipo amadziwika ndi fungo lapadera la mtedza wosapsa (嫩栗香, nèn lì xiāng). Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán ndi chizindikiro cha kupambana kwa pulogalamu ya “Tiyi wakum’mwera kupita kumpoto” (南茶北引, nán chá běi yǐn), yomwe inachititsa kuti ulimi wa tiyi uyambe kugwira ntchito pa 33rd parallel kumpoto, m’mapiri a Qinling.

1. Kugawidwa ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá) – wosafufuta; kuchuluka kwa okosijeni ndi kochepa (posa 5%). Tekinoloje ndi kuotcha pang’ono ndi kuumitsa pang’ono (半烘半炒, bàn hōng bàn chǎo): kuphatikiza kuotcha mu wok ndi kuumitsa komaliza ndi mpweya wotentha.
Gulu: Tiyi wobiriwira wachigawo cha ku China, tiyi wapamwamba kuchokera ku “dera latsopano la tiyi kumpoto” (新兴北方茶区). Kuyambira 2010, adalowetsedwa mu dongosolo la chizindikiro chachigawo “Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Qinling” (秦岭泉茗, Qínlǐng Quán Míng) – chizindikiro chogwirizana chachigawo cha tiyi wa Shǎnxī.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Shǎnxī (陕西省, Shǎnxī Shěng), mzinda wa Shāngluò (商洛市), boma la Shāngnán (商南县). Dera lopanga limaphatikiza matauni 13 ndi midzi, kuphatikiza Chéngguān (城关镇), Fùshuǐ (富水镇), Shìmǎ (试马镇) ndi ena.
Zogwirizanitsa zamalo: 33°06′–33°44′ N, 110°24′–111°01′ E.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri:

Mbiri ya Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán ndi mbiri ya mkazi mmodzi ndi chidwi chake chosatha kwa zaka makumi asanu. Boma la Shāngnán lili pa 33–34th parallel, kumpoto kwambiri kwa malire a chikhalidwe cha ulimi wa tiyi ku China (pafupifupi 30° N). Pasanafike zaka za m’ma 1960, tiyi sanapangidwepo pano.

Nthawi ya “Tiyi wakum’mwera kupita kumpoto” (1962–1970). Mu 1961, wophunzira ku Northwest Agricultural Institute (西北农学院, Xīběi Nóngyè Xuéyuàn) Zhang Shūzhēn (张淑珍, Zhāng Shūzhēn, 1937–2024) adabwera kudzagwira ntchito ku nkhalango za boma la Shāngnán. Mosonkhezeredwa ndi nkhani ya msilikali wakale wa nkhondo ya m’chipululu Méi Guānghuá (梅光华) wonena za mitengo ya tiyi yakutchire mu Ankang yoyandikana, mu 1962 adayamba kuyesa kulowetsa chitsamba cha tiyi. Kuyesa koyamba kubzala mbande kuchokera kum’mwera kunalephera – zomera sizinapulumuke nyengo yozizira. Kenako Zhang Shuzhen adasinthira ku kufesa mbewu mwachindunji, ndipo pambuyo pa zaka zingapo zoyesa ndi zolephera, mu 1970 adapeza zokolola zoyamba. Umu ndi momwe mbiri ya “Shāngnán, kumene tiyi sanamererepo” (商南不产茶) inathira, ndipo malire a ulimi wa tiyi adasunthidwira kumpoto makilomita mazana.

Kubadwa kwa chizindikiro (1987–1988). Poyamba, tiyi ankangotchedwa “máojiān” (毛尖, máo jiān – “nsonga zaubweya”), kenako – “Quánshuǐ Qīng” (泉水清, Quánshuǐ Qīng – “woyera ngati madzi a kasupe”). Pa 14 June 1987, China Tea Research Institute (中国茶叶研究所, Zhōngguó Cháyè Yánjiūsuǒ) idachita kafukufuku woyesera ndipo adalimbikitsa kuti dzina la chinthucho lisinthe kukhala “Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán” (商南泉茗 – kutanthauza “tiyi wa kasupe wochokera ku Shāngnán”). Mu 1988, tiyiyo adalembetsedwa mwalamulo ndi dzina limeneli ndipo adapatsidwa udindo wa “Product of Excellent Quality of Shǎnxī Province” (陕西省优质产品). Mu 1986, tiyiyo adalandira mphoto ya sayansi ndi zamakono yachigawo cha Shǎnxī, digiri yachiwiri.

Chitukuko chamakono (zaka za m’ma 2000 – mpaka pano). Mu 2007, “Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán” adalandira udindo wa chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo. Mu 2010, adalowetsedwa mu dongosolo la chizindikiro chachigawo “Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Qinling”. Pofika chaka cha 2020, dera la minda ya tiyi la bomalo lidafika 240,000 mu (pafupifupi 16,000 ha), ndipo pachaka amapanga matani 3,200, mtengo wake ukufika 380 miliyoni yuan. Ntchito ya tiyi yakhala njira yayikulu yowonjezera chuma cha anthu akumidzi. Woyambitsa wake Zhang Shuzhen, yemwe anthu amamutcha “Agogo a Tiyi” (茶奶奶, Chá Nǎinai), anali nthumwi ya XIII ndi XIV Congress ya CPC, adalandira mendulo ya Meyi 1 ndi udindo wa “All-China Labour Advanced Individual”. Adamwalira pa 1 January 2024 ali ndi zaka 86. Nkhani yake inakhazikitsa filimu ya “On the 33rd Parallel” (《北纬三十三度》).

Dzina:

商南 (Shāngnán) ndi dzina la malo, kutanthauza “kum’mwera kwa [mapiri a] Shang”: 商 (shāng) – dzina la mapiri ndi dziko lakale la Shang, 南 (nán) – “kumwera”. 泉 (quán) – “kasupe, gwero”, kutanthauza madzi a kasupe a mapiri a Qinling omwe amadyetsa minda ya tiyi. 茗 (míng) – dzina la mabuku lotanthauza tiyi, nthawi zambiri limatanthauza mtundu wapamwamba. Chotero, “Shāngnán Quán Míng” – “tiyi wapamwamba wa kasupe wochokera ku Shāngnán”.

Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:

Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán ndi yoposa tiyi chabe: ndi chizindikiro cha kugonjetsa zopinga zachilengedwe ndi kupambana kwa kulimbikira kwa munthu. Nkhani ya Zhang Shuzhen, yemwe adapanga makampani a tiyi pa malire osathekera, idakhala imodzi mwa nkhani zodziwika bwino zaulimi m’zaka za zana la 20 ku China. Tiyiyi ndi m’gulu la “anayi” a tiyi wodziwika wobiriwira wa Shǎnxī pamodzi ndi Hànshuǐ Yínléng (汉水银棱), Qínbā Wùháo (秦巴雾毫) ndi Zǐyáng Máojiān (紫阳毛尖). Boma la Shāngnán linamanga Nyumba yosungiramo tiyi (茶博物馆), malo ochezera alendo a “Tiyi ya Kasupe” (泉茗度假区) okhala ndi magawo asanu ogwira ntchito, ndi msewu wa Xiānmíng (仙茗茶街) woperekedwa ku chikhalidwe cha tiyi.

3. Kafotokozedwe ka Zomera ndi Zinthu:

Mtundu / Cultivar:

Maziko a kubzala akupangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri ya cultivars:

— Zǐyáng Qúntǐzhǒng (紫阳群体种, Zǐyáng Qúntǐzhǒng) – mtundu wamba wakumaloko wochokera ku boma loyandikana la Zǐyáng (紫阳县), womwe wakhala ukusintha kuti ugwirizane ndi nyengo ya kumpoto kwa Shǎnxī. Ndi wa Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Amadziwika ndi kulimba kwake kuzizira komanso kuti mwachibadwa ali ndi seleniyamu wochuluka.

— Ānhuī Zhūyè Zhǒng (安徽槠叶种, Ānhuī Zhūyè Zhǒng) – mtundu wobweretsedwa kuchokera ku chigawo cha Ānhuī wokhala ndi kulimba kwakuzizira.

Mankhwala othandizira: Lóngjǐng 43 (龙井43, Lóngjǐng Sìshísān) ndi Fúdǐng Dàbái (福鼎大白, Fúdǐng Dàbái) – mitundu yoyambirira yomwe imathandiza kuti pakhale kukolola koyambirira. Ku mzinda wa Shìmǎ (试马镇), m’chigawo cha Qīngquán (清泉乡), minda ya mitengo yakale ya zaka zoposa 30 yasungidwa; kulemera kwa 100 ya “bud + leaf imodzi” ndi pafupifupi 45 g.

Kututa: Kututa kwa masika (春茶, chūnchá) – kwakukulu, kuyambira kumapeto kwa March mpaka kumapeto kwa April. Khalidwe labwino kwambiri – kututa pamaso pa Tsiku la Qingming (明前茶, míng qián chá).
Mulingo wa kututa: Grade yapadera: buds amodzi (单芽, dān yá) – pafupifupi 90% mu zoziri. Grade yoyamba: bud ndi tsamba limodzi lomwe layamba kutseguka (一芽一叶初展) – pafupifupi 80%. Grade yachiwiri: bud ndi tsamba limodzi lotseguka (一芽一叶开展). Ndondomeko ya “zoletsa zisanu pa kututa” (五不采) imagwira ntchito: osatuta mvula, ndi mame, mphukira zofiirira, masamba owonongeka, ndi zosakhala bwino.
Zofunika pa zinthu: Kututa ndi manja kokha, m’madengu ansungwi. Masamba sayenera kufinyikitsa m’manja kapena kupanikizana mudengu. Zinthu ziyenera kuthandizidwa tsiku lomwelo. Chiwerengero cha masamba amodzi (popanda bud) sichipitirira 5%. Chinthucho chadutsa mu certified organic ya ku Ulaya.

4. Terroir ndi Zochitika za Kulima:

Boma la Shāngnán lili kum’mwera kwa mapiri a Qinling (秦岭, Qínlǐng) – malo amene amalekanitsa nyengo yotentha ya chigawo chochepa chotentha ndi chigawo chotentha cha kutentha kwapakati. Minda ya tiyi ili m’dera losinthira pakati pa madera awa anyengo, zomwe zimatsimikizira chikhalidwe chapadera cha tiyi.

Kutalika kwa malo: 300–800 m pamwamba pa nyanja.
Nyengo: Yosinthira kuchokera ku chigawo chotentha chakumpoto kupita ku chigawo chotentha chakutentha (北亚热带向暖温带过渡气候). Kutentha kwapakati pa chaka ndi 14.5 °C – kotsika kwambiri kuposa madera ambiri a tiyi ku China. Kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku – kuposa 8 °C. Mvula pa chaka – 735–1,000 mm. Kuwala kochuluka kofalikira (散射光, sǎnshè guāng) kumalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa amino acid m’masamba: kuchuluka kwa amino acid mu tiyi wamasika ndi pafupifupi 3.0%.
Zoramba: Brown earth (棕壤, zōng rǎng) ndi acid reaction (pH 4.5–6.5), organic matter yoposa 1.0%, ndipo mwachilengedwe imakhala ndi seleniyamu (硒, xī) ndi zinki (锌, xīn). Minda imathiriridwa ndi madzi a kasupe a mtsinje wa Dānjiāng (丹江, Dānjiāng).
Kuteteza chilengedwe: Kuchuluka kwa nkhalango ndi 65.1%. Bomali lina certified kuti ndi “China Natural Oxygen Bar” (中国天然氧吧). Palibe kuipitsidwa kwa mafakitale, ndipo tizilombo ndi matenda a chitsamba cha tiyi ndizosowa chifukwa cha chilengedwe chabwino.

Chithunzi cha kupanga: Mzinda wa Fùshuǐ (富水镇), mudzi wa Cháfāng (茶坊村) – malo a mbiri yakale a munda woyamba wa tiyi ku Shāngnán. Mzinda wa Shìmǎ (试马镇), chigawo cha Qīngquán (清泉乡) – minda ya tiyi yamapiri pa kutalika kwa 300–800 m, yomwe nthawi zonse imakutidwa ndi mitambo.

Khalidwe lapadera la terroir: Shāngnán ndi dera latsopano la tiyi lakumpoto kwambiri kumadzulo kwa China (中国西部最北端新兴茶区). Nyengo yozizira komanso masika ozizira amatalikitsanso nthawi ya chitsamba cha tiyi chokhala chete, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti amino acid womasuka ndi L-theanine achuluke. Izi zimapatsa tiyi kutsitsimula kwapadera (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng) ndi kutsekemera koonekeratu.

5. Tekinoloje ya Kupanga:

Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán imapangidwa ndi luso lapadera la “kuotcha pang’ono ndi kuumitsa pang’ono” (半烘半炒, bàn hōng bàn chǎo), lomwe limaphatikiza zinthu za chǎoqīng ndi hōngqīng. Iyi ndi njira yopangidwa ndi alimi a tiyi a ku Shāngnán, yomwe imalola nthawi imodzi kukhazikitsa fungo la mtedza (kudzera m’kuotcha) ndikusunga kufewa kwa masamba (kudzera m’kuumitsa mofewa).

Kuyala masamba atsopano (摊放, tān fàng): Zomwe zangokololedwa zatsopano zimayalidwa m’chipinda chopumira mphepo m’njira yopyapyala kwa maola osaposa 12. Cholinga ndi kufowoka pang’ono ndikuyamba kutulutsa fungo.
Kukhazikitsa ma enzyme / “kupha chobiriwira” (杀青, shāqīng): Amachitidwa mu drum yopingasa pa kutentha kwa 110–120 °C. Kutentha kumakhala kotsika kuposa tiyi wina wambiri wobiriwira wa kum’mwera – izi zimalola kusamalira zinthu zofewa zokwezeka m’mapiri, osaziwotcha.
Kupumira mpweya (清风, qīngfēng): Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa, masamba amawombedwa (簸扬, bǒyáng) kuchotsa zidutswa zosayenerera ndikuziziritsa.
Kuotcha koyamba (初炒, chū chǎo): Kuwotcha mu wok pamlingo wotsika wa kutentha: kuyambira 100 °C kumayambiriro mpaka 80 °C kumapeto. Pa nthawi iyi, fungo lodziwika la mtedza limapangika.
Kuumba ndi “kukweza ubweya” (做形起毫, zuò xíng qǐ háo): Kuumba pamanja – ndiwo gawo lofunikira lomwe limatsimikizira maonekedwe a tiyi. Masamba amakulungidwa n’kumanja m’njira yozungulira (螺形, luó xíng), nthawi yomweyo akusonyeza ubweya woyera (白毫, bái háo) pamwamba. Ili ndi ntchito yovuta yomwe imafuna luso lapamwamba la mmisiri.
Kuchotsa (拣剔去末, jiǎn tī qù mò): Kuchotsa tizidutswa tating’ono, mapezi, ndi zidutswa zosayenerera.
Kuumitsa komaliza / “kutenthetsa” (烘焙, hōngbèi): Ndi mpweya wotentha pa 60–70 °C. Njira yofewa imalola kukhazikitsa fungo popanda kuwononga kapangidwe kofewa ka masamba.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Tiyi wopyapyala, wokulungika molimba ngati spiral (条索紧细卷曲, tiáosuǒ jǐnxì juǎnqū), wokutidwa ndi ubweya woyera wochuluka (白毫显露, bái háo xiǎnlù). Mtundu – wobiriwira wofewa (嫩绿, nèn lǜ). Masamba ndi ofanana, oyera, opanda zidutswa zolimba.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Kudziwika bwino kwa mtedza wosapsa (嫩栗香, nèn lì xiāng) – chizindikiro cha Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán. Pansi pake – kamvekedwe katsopano, koyera (清香, qīngxiāng), kodziwika ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa masika.
Fungo la madzi: Fungo la mtedza lokwezeka ndi lokhazikika, limasintha kukhala kutsitsimula koyera. Mu tiyi wa grade yapadera – kamvekedwe kochepa ka maluwa.
Kukoma: Kwatsopano (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), ndi “mnofu” wambiri wa amino acid. Kukoma pang’ono (甘, gān), kofewa koma kolimba (醇厚, chúnhòu). Kumapeto – kutsekemera kwakubwereranso kwanthawi yayitali (回甘, huígān) ndi kutulutsa malovu mwachangu (生津, shēngjīn). Kuwawa ndi kukangana sikulipo ngati ataphikidwa moyenera. Amatha kutsoka 4–5.
Mtundu wa madzi: Chikasu-chobiriwira (黄绿, huánglǜ), choyera ndi chowonekera, chonyezimira.
Pansi pa tiyi (masamba ophikidwa): Chobiriwira chofewa (嫩绿), chofanana (匀整, yún zhěng), masamba ndi masamba amatseguka kukhala “maluwa” (鲜活成朵, xiānhuó chéng duǒ), amaoneka atsopano ndi amoyo.

7. Kuchuluka kwa Mankhwala:

Chifukwa cha kumtunda kwakumpoto, kutentha kochepa kwapakati pa chaka, ndi kuwala kochuluka kofalikira, Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán imadziwika ndi mbiri yake ya biochemistry: kuchuluka kwa amino acid pamlingo wokwera pang’ono wa polyphenols.

Polyphenols (茶多酚): Kuchuluka – pafupifupi 28% (poyerekeza: pafupifupi 20% mwa tiyi wamba wobiriwira). Chigawo chachikulu – catechins (儿茶素), makamaka EGCG. Chizindikiro cha kutulutsidwa kwa madzi (水浸出物, shuǐ jìnchūwù) ndi pafupifupi 42.5%, kusonyeza kukhuta kwambiri.
Amino acids (氨基酸): Kuchuluka mu tiyi wa masika – pafupifupi 3.0%. L-theanine imakhala yochuluka. Ndiwo kuchuluka kwa amino acid komwe kumapangitsa kuti tiyiyo azikhala ndi kukoma kwatsopano komanso kutsekemera.
Alkaloids: Caffeine – kuchuluka kofanana ndi tiyi wobiriwira (2–4% kulemera kowuma). Theobromine ndi theophylline zilipo.
Vitamini: Vitamini C (imasungidwa chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa okosijeni kochepa), vitamini B (B₁, B₂), vitamini E.
Maminololo: Kukhala ndi seleniyamu mwachilengedwe (硒) ndi zinki (锌) – zotsatira za makhalidwe a geochemical a dothi lofiirira la kum’mwera kwa Qinling. Palinso fulorayidi, potaziyamu, magniziyamu, manganese.
Mafuta ofunika: Mbiri ya fungo imatsimikiziridwa ndi pyrazines ndi aldehydes (fungo la mtedza limapangika panthawi yowotcha), komanso terpene alcohols (linalool, cis-jasmone) m’zokolola za masika.
Makhalidwe apadera: Kukhala ndi seleniyamu mwachilengedwe ndi chinthu chosowa mwa tiyi wobiriwira. Seleniyamu ndi antioxidant yamphamvu, ndipo kuphatikiza kwake ndi polyphenols a tiyi kumawonjezera chitetezo. Izi zimawaphatikiza Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán ndi tiyi wina wodziwika wa ku Shǎnxī – Zǐyáng Fùsè Chá (紫阳富硒茶).

8. Phindu la Thupi:

Mphamvu ya Antioxidant: Polyphenols (28%) amathandizira kuchotsa ma free radicals mwamphamvu. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, mphamvu ya antioxidant ya catechins a tiyi wobiriwira ndi yochuluka kuwirikiza 18 kuposa ya vitamini E.
Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol: Catechins amayendetsa kapangidwe ka cholesterol m’chiwindi, kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa LDL ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha atherosikelo. Kuchuluka kwa chizindikiro cha kutulutsidwa kwa madzi (≥42.5%) kumatanthauza kutulutsidwa kwakukulu kwa zinthu zamoyo panthawi yophika.
Kuteteza mano: Kuchuluka kwa fulorayidi kumalepheretsa ntchito ya mabakiteriya oyambitsa karies ndikulimbitsa enamel. Malinga ndi magwero, mphamvu yoletsa karies ndi 30% yoposa ya tiyi wamba wobiriwira.
Chitetezo cha Antioxidant ndi Seleniyamu: Kukhala ndi seleniyamu mwachilengedwe kumawonjezera mphamvu yonse ya antioxidant, kuthandiza ntchito ya chithokomiro ndi chitetezo cha mthupi.
Mphamvu yotsitsimula ndi nootropic: L-theanine kuphatikiza ndi caffeine amapereka mphamvu yofewa, yotalikirapo ya chidwi ndi kuganizira popanda “ma caffeine swings”.
Kuthandiza kugaya chakudya: Polyphenols amathandizira pang’ono kubakteriya oyipitsa m’mimba, kuwongolera chakudya.
Chigawo champumulo: Kuchuluka kwa L-theanine kumapereka mphamvu yotsitsimula, kuchepetsa nkhawa ndikuthandizira kugona kwabwino (ngati atamwa pang’ono m’maola a m’mawa).

9. Kuphika:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C. Kwa grade yapadera ya buds amodzi – 75 °C ndikololedwa. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha kwambiri: kutentha koposa 85 °C kumawononga theanine ndikuwonjezera kukangana.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml (chiŵerengero 1:50).
Zida: Kapu yagalasi (玻璃杯) – kuti musangalale ndi njira yotsegulira masamba opindika. Gaiwan yoyera ya porcelain (白瓷盖碗) – kuti muzitha kuyang’anira bwino kutulutsa ndikuyesa fungo.
Njira:

Tenthetsani zida ndi madzi otentha, tsanulani.
Ikani tiyi. Njira yobzaza m’katikati (中投法, zhōng tóu fǎ) ndiyabwino: tsanulani ⅓ ya voliyumu, gwedezani kapu kapena gaiwan mofewa kuti mutulutse fungo (摇香, yáo xiāng), kenako onjezani madzi otsala.
Kusamba sikofunikira – zinthu zofewa zimatsegulidwa kuyambira kutsanulidwa koyamba.
Kutsanulidwa koyamba – masekondi 30.
Kutsanulidwa kotsatira kulikonse – onjezani masekondi 10–15.
Kubwereza kumwa – 4–5.

Madzi: Madzi a kasupe wamapiri (山泉水, shān quánshuǐ) kapena osefedwa ofewa. Madzi olimba amachepetsa kutsekemera ndi kufewa kwa fungo.

10. Kusunga:

Mikhalidwe: Kuyika mosindikizira, kosawoneka. Njira yabwino – mufiriji pa 0–5 °C. Chotsani kukhudzana ndi fungo lachilendo, chinyezi, kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Chotengera: Mapaketi a vacuum a zitsulo, zitini zachitsulo zokhala ndi zivindikiro zolimba.
Nthawi: Tiyi watsopano amalangizidwa kuti “azitsitsimutsa” m’malo obisika ndi mthunzi kwa masiku 7 asanamwe (醒茶, xǐng chá) kuti achotse “moto” wotsalira (火气, huǒqì). Pambuyo pa kutsegula phukusi – tsekani mwamphamvu, sungani mufiriji ndikugwiritsa ntchito mkati mwa mwezi umodzi.
Nthawi yonse yosungirako: Amakhala omveka bwino m’miyezi 6–12 yoyambirira. Akasungidwa bwino m’phukusi lotsekedwa – mpaka miyezi 18 popanda kutaya kwambiri mtundu.

11. Mtengo ndi Zofananira:

Gawo la mtengo: Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán ndi ya mtengo wapakati ndi wapamwamba. Grade yapadera (明前, buds amodzi) – kuyambira 800 yuan/jin (500 g) ndi kupitirira. Grade yoyamba (一芽一叶) – 400–600 yuan/jin. Grade yachiwiri – chinthu cha misika chotsika mtengo. Mtengo umatsimikiziridwa ndi nyengo yotuta, grade ya zinthu, kuchuluka kwa ntchito yamanja.
Momwe mungapewere zofananira:

— Fufuzani zilembo: Chinthu chenicheni chimakhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo “商南泉茗” kapena logo ya chizindikiro “秦岭泉茗”. Onani satifiketi ya organic.

— Maonekedwe: Tiyi wopyapyala, wokulungidwa mofanana ndi ubweya woyera wochuluka, mtundu wobiriwira wofewa. Masamba okhwima, akulu, osafanana opanda ubweya ndi chizindikiro cha kusinthidwa.

— Fungo: Fungo lodziwika la mtedza (嫩栗香) – ndicho chizindikiritso chofunikira. Kusowa kwa fungo la mtedza, fungo lonyowa kapena lowawasa ndi chochititsa kukayikira.

— Madzi: Chikasu-chobiriwira, chowonekera, choyera. Madzi akuda kapena akuda amasonyeza kuswa kwa tekinoloje kapena kusunga kwa nthawi yayitali.

— Mtengo: Zomwe zimanenedwa kuti ndi “grade yapadera” pamtengo wochepera 300 yuan/jin – pafupifupi sichifukwa chenicheni cha Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

Tiyi pa malire “osatheka”: Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán ndi imodzi mwa tiyi wobiriwira wakumpoto kwambiri ku China. Minda ili pa 33–34° N – kumpoto kwa malire a chikhalidwe cha ulimi wa tiyi (30°). Kupangidwa kwa makampani a tiyi pa malire amenewa m’zaka za m’ma 1960–1970 kunawonedwa ngati kupita patsogolo kwaulimi, mofanana ndi kuyesa kwa Soviet kulimbikitsa mbewu za m’madera otentha ku Caucasus.
Mkazi amene adasintha boma: Zhang Shuzhen (1937–2024) – mophunzira za nkhalango, adakhala katswiri wa tiyi – adapereka zaka zoposa 60 ku ntchito ya tiyi wa ku Shāngnán. Kuwonjezera pa tiyi wobiriwira, pambuyo pake adaphunzira kupanga tiyi woyera, oolong (“Shāngnán Yù Guānyīn” – 商南玉观音), komanso tiyi wakuda wa fùzhuān ku Shāngnán. Moyo wake ndi nkhani ya filimu yathunthu “On the 33rd Parallel” (《北纬三十三度》).
Seleniyamu yachilengedwe: Tiyi wa ku Shāngnán, monga Zǐyáng Fùsè Chá wodziwika, mwachilengedwe amakhala ndi seleniyamu – chifukwa cha makhalidwe a geochemical a dothi lakum’mwera kwa Qinling. Izi ndizosowa kwa tiyi wobiriwira: zambiri za “seleniyamu” pamsika ndi zotsatira za kuwonjezera seleniyamu mochita kupanga.
“Zoletsa zisanu” ndi satifiketi ya ku Ulaya: Kukhazikika kwa miyezo yotuta (不采雨水叶、露水叶…) ndi kuletsa kwathunthu zinthu zoteteza mankhwala kunathandiza kuti Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán adutse mu certified organic ya ku Ulaya – chipambano chomwe anthu ochepa a tiyi wachigawo cha ku China angadzitamandire.
Oxygen bar ya ku China: Boma la Shāngnán lina certified mwalamulo kuti ndi “China Natural Oxygen Bar” (中国天然氧吧) – kuvomereza mpweya wabwino kwambiri ndi chilengedwe. Izi zimakhudza mwachindunji kukoma kwa tiyi: kusowa kwa kuipitsidwa kwa mafakitale ndi kuchuluka kwa zamoyo kumapereka “kujambula” kwa mbiri ya organoleptic.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wobiriwira:

Khalidwe	Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán (商南泉茗)	Zǐyáng Máojiān (紫阳毛尖)	Hànzhōng Xiānháo (汉中仙毫)	Xìnyáng Máojiān (信阳毛尖)
Chigawo	Shǎnxī (Shāngluò)	Shǎnxī (Ānkāng)	Shǎnxī (Hànzhōng)	Hénán
Latitude	33°06′–33°44′ N	32°–33° N	32°–33° N	31°–32° N
Tekinoloje	Kuotcha pang’ono ndi kuumitsa pang’ono (半烘半炒)	Chǎoqīng (炒青)	Chǎoqīng (炒青)	Chǎoqīng (炒青)
Maonekedwe a masamba	Kuzungulira ngati spiral	Yoboola	Yopanda, yopindika pang’ono	Yoboola yopyapyala
Fungo lofunikira	Mtedza (嫩栗香)	Mtedza, udzu	Mtedza, maluwa	Mtedza
Seleniyamu	Yachilengedwe	Yachilengedwe (yokwera)	Yochepa	Yochepa
Khalidwe lapadera	Dera latsopano la tiyi lakumpoto kwambiri kumadzulo kwa China	Tiyi wodziwika wa “seleniyamu”	Chizindikiro chophatikiza cha Hànzhōng	Mmodzi mwa “Tiyi Wodzifunira Khumi wa ku China”

Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán imasiyana ndi tiyi wina wobiriwira wa ku Shǎnxī makamaka chifukwa cha luso lapadera la “kuotcha pang’ono ndi kuumitsa pang’ono”, lomwe limapatsa fungo la mtedza wa kuotcha komanso kufewa kofanana ndi tiyi wowumitsa (hōngqīng). Poyerekeza ndi Zǐyáng Máojiān, chigawo chake cha “seleniyamu” sichowonekera kwambiri, koma kapangidwe kake ndi kabwino kwambiri komanso maonekedwe a masamba opindika. Poyerekeza ndi Xìnyáng Máojiān, Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán amapangidwa pa latitude yakumpoto kwambiri, zomwe zimamupanga kukhala wolemba zina m’buku la “kumpoto” pakati pa tiyi wabwino kwambiri wobiriwira.

Mapeto

Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán ndi tiyi wokhala ndi mbiri yoyenera buku lathunthu. Kuseri kwa tiyi aliyense wokulungika kuli zaka 60 za kulimbikira, zomwe zinayamba ndi dzanja la mbewu zoponyedwa m’nthaka “yosathekera” pa 33rd parallel. Lero ndi tiyi wobiriwira wokhwima, wodzidalira: fungo la mtedza, kapangidwe kofewa ngati silika, kutsekemera kwakubwereranso kwa nthawi yayitali, ndi khalidwe lenileni la “kasupe” (泉, quán) lomwe likuwonetsedwa m’dzina lake. Tiyi ya Kasupe ya Shāngnán ndiyabwino kwa okonda tiyi amene akufuna njira ina yosiyana ndi tiyi wakum’mwera wobiriwira – chinthu chodziletsa, “chakumpoto” mwa khalidwe, koma chakuya mofanana. Ndipo kwa iwo amene amayamikira nkhani mofanana ndi kukoma, uwu ndi tiyi woyenera kuyesedwa ngakhale pokumbukira “Agogo a Tiyi” Zhang Shuzhen.