Shàngguǎn Xiān Hú Chá

Shàngguǎn Xiān Hú Chá ndi tii wobiriwira wa m’dera la mapiri a Sianhu (仙湖) m’chigawo cha Guangdong, ndi chinthu chodziwika ndi chizindikiro cha malo a dziko lonse. Chizindikiro chake chapadera ndi “zobiriwira zitatu” (三绿, sān lǜ): masamba opindidwa a mtundu wa emerald wobiriwira, madzi owoneka bwino ngati jade obiriwira, ndi pansi pa chikho chofewa chofanana ndi udzu wosakanizidwa. Zinayi zazikulu za kukoma — “kukoma, kununkhira, kukwanira, kusalala” (甘、香、醇、滑, gān, xiāng, chún, huá) — zimathandizidwa ndi fungo lodziwika la mpunga wokazinga ndi kukoma kobwerera kofanana ndi maolivi atsopano. Tiyi amapangidwa ndi manja pogwiritsa ntchito “njira yakale yokazinga” (古法炒青, gǔ fǎ chǎo qīng), popanda mankhwala ophera tizirombo kapena feteleza wa mankhwala, ndipo amatumizidwa kunja ku mayiko a EU ndi Southeast Asia.

1. Mgawidwe ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tii wobiriwira (wosaphika). Amagawidwa m’gulu la hōng qīng lǜchá (烘青绿茶, hōng qīng lǜchá) — tii wobiriwira womaliza woumitsa mwa njira yotenthetsa (hōngbèi), ngakhale kuti kukonzekera kwakukulu kumachitika mwa kufula m’chitsulo (chǎo qīng), ndipo gawo lomaliza ndi kuotcha kawiri (máohuǒ + zúhuǒ). Choncho, tiyiyu amaphatikiza zinthu za chǎo qīng ndi hōng qīng.
• Gulu: Tii za m’dera la Guangdong. Chinthu chodziwika ndi chizindikiro cha malo a dziko lonse (国家地理标志产品). Wapatsidwa udindo wa “Malo Amodzi a Chikhalidwe cha Anthu a Guangdong” (广东省区域公用品牌, 2017) ndipo walembedwa m’kaundula wa “Zopangidwa Zapadera Zatsopano Zaulimi Zodziwika Padziko Lonse” (国家名特优新农产品, 2020).
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Guangdong (广东, Guǎngdōng), mzinda wa Heyuan (河源市, Héyuán shì), boma la Dongyuan (东源县, Dōngyuán xiàn), tauni ya Shangguan (上莞镇, Shàngguǎn zhèn). Minda ya tii ili m’mapiri a Sianhu (仙湖山脉, Xiān Hú shānmài).
• Malo a Geographical Coordinates: Pafupifupi 24°00′ N, 115°10′ E.

2. Mbiri ndi Kufunika Kwa Chikhalidwe:

• Mbiri: Tauni ya Shangguan ili m’dera lamapiri pa mphambano ya maboma a Dongyuan, Longchuan ndi Heping, m’dera lomwe anthu a Hakkha (客家, Kèjiā) amakhala. Kulima tii kwakhala kukuchitika kuno kwa zaka mazana ambiri — anthu akumidzi ya m’mapiri okwera pafupifupi mamita 1,000 amalima tii ngati mbewu yaikulu kwazaka zambiri. M’nthawi ya Ming ndi Qing, tii zakumaloko zinali zodziwika kale: m’buku la “Chuting bai zhu lu” (《楚庭稗珠录》) lolembedwa ndi Tan Cui (檀萃) wa m’nthawi ya Qing, linanena kuti anthu a m’dera la Guishan “amalima tii wabwino kwambiri, makamaka [tii wochokera ku] Shangguan, amene kukoma kwake n’kwabwino kwambiri”. Tiyi ankagulitsidwa kwa amalonda amene ankabwera m’deralo chaka chilichonse m’nyengo ya masika.

  Malinga ndi nthano ya kumaloko, yomwe inayamba m’nthawi ya Eastern Jin (东晋, 317–420), wolemba maphunziro a Dao, Ge Hong (葛洪, Gě Hóng) — katswiri wodziwika wa alchemy ndi wolemba buku la “Baopu-zi” (《抱朴子》) — anabwera kumapiri a Sianhu kuti athetse chiwanda cha m’mtsinje. Iye anagwiritsa ntchito “dongo lamitundu isanu” (五色泥) lochokera kuphiri kuti amange nsanja. Zinsinsi zisanu ndi ziwiri (七仙女), zitakhudzidwa ndi ntchito yake, zinabweretsa “udzu wosafa” (仙草, xiāncǎo) — mitengo ya tii — ndipo zinaubzala m’mphepete mwa nyanja ya m’mapiri. Anthu am’deralo anaphika masambawo ndipo anatcha chakumwacho “Xianhu cha” — “tii wa Nyanja Yosafa.”

  M’mbiri yaposachedwa, zochitika zazikulu zinali: 2008 — mendulo ya golide pa Chiwonetsero Chachilendo cha Zogezetsa Zaulimi cha ku Hong Kong; 2017 — kupatsidwa udindo wa “Malo Amodzi a Chikhalidwe cha Anthu a Guangdong”; 2020 — kulembedwa m’kaundula wa zopangidwa zapadera zaulimi zodziwika padziko lonse; 2024 — malo a minda ya tii m’dera lalikulu lopanga anafika pa 38,000 mu (pafupifupi mahekitala 2,530), ndipo mtengo wonse wa ntchito yopanga unakwana 1.8 biliyoni yuan.

• Dzina:

  • “Shàngguǎn” (上莞) — dzina la tauni yomwe imapanga tiyiyu m’boma la Dongyuan.
  • “Xiān Hú” (仙湖) — “Nyanja Yosafa” (kapena “Nyanja ya Milungu”) — dzina la mapiri ndi nyanja ya nthano, kumene, monga momwe nthano imanenera, zinsinsi zidabzala mitengo yoyamba ya tii.
  • “Chá” (茶) — tii. Choncho dzina lonse likutanthauza “Tii wa Nyanja Yosafa yochokera ku Shangguan” ndipo limasonyeza mwachindunji chiyambi cha malo ndi nkhani ya nthano.

• Kufunika kwa chikhalidwe: Shàngguǎn Xiān Hú Chá si chinthu chaulimi chabe, komanso chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe cha Hakkha cha kum’mawa kwa Guangdong. Minda ya tii ya tauniyi imagwirizana kosalekeza ndi mbiri ya zipolowe: m’zaka za Nkhondo Yotsutsa Japan ndi Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni, m’mapiri a Sianhu kunali magulu a Dongjiang Zhidui (东江纵队) — gulu lankhondo la zipolowe la Mtsinje Wam’mawa. Zotsalira za nsanja zowonera za zipolowe zapezeka m’minda yomweyi ya tii. Lero tauniyi ikukulitsa chitsanzo cha zokopa alendo “chofiira-chobiriwira,” chophatikiza kuyendera zipilala za zipolowe ndi kulawa tii ndi kuyenda m’minda ya tii. Tii ndiye maziko a chuma cha Shangguan — amatenga pafupifupi 70% ya zokolola zaulimi za tauniyi.

3. Kufotokoza kwa Zomera ndi Zida Zopangira:

• Mtundu / Cultivar: Mtundu waukulu ndi Hakkha xiǎo yè qúntǐ zhǒng (客家小叶群体种, Kèjiā xiǎo yè qúntǐ zhǒng) — mtundu wa Hakkha wa masamba ang’onoang’ono ochokera m’mbewu (osati m’mitengo yofanana), wa mtundu wa chitsamba. Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Zitsamba zimakhala zochepa (1–2 m), ndi masamba ang’onoang’ono oyenda ngati mazira okhala ndi ziphuphu zosazama komanso tsitsi lambiri (茸毛发达). Zimakhala ndi chlorophyll yambiri ndi zinthu zonunkhira za nayitrogeni. Mizu ya zitsamba zakale (zaka zoposa 100) imafika pansi mpaka mamita 6, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zipeze michere yochokera pansi kwambiri.
• Kututa: Kututa kwa masika malinga ndi magulu a nyengo:
  • Míngqián chá (明前茶) — asanafike Qingming (清明, kumayambiriro kwa April): masamba ofewa kwambiri okhala ndi tsitsi lowonekera, kutsitsimula kwabwino. Gulu lapamwamba.
  • Yǔqián chá (雨前茶) — asanafike Guyu (谷雨, pafupifupi 20 April): masamba okhwima, fungo labwino, kulimba kwa kuwiritsa. Gulu lapakati-pamwamba.
  • Qiū chá (秋茶) — kututa kwa nthawi ya mpesa: kukoma kwakukulu, chiwerengero chabwino cha mtengo ndi mkhalidwe.
• Mulingo wa Kututa: Gulu lapamwamba (AAA) — masamba amodzi okha kapena masamba ndi tsamba limodzi lotalika ≤2.5 cm. Gulu loyamba — masamba ndi tsamba limodzi. Gulu lachiwiri — masamba ndi masamba awiri.
• Zofunikira pa zopangira: Kututa ndi manja. Masamba ndi mphukira ziyenera kukhala zofanana, zatsopano, popanda zizindikiro za tizirombo. Zopangira zonse zimayesedwa 100% kuti zisakhale ndi zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizirombo.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

• Dera: Mapiri a Sianhu ali kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa boma la Dongyuan (东源县), pakati pa 24° ndi 25° N. Tauni ya Shangguan ili pamalire a maboma atatu — Dongyuan, Longchuan ndi Heping — m’dera lomwe anthu a Hakkha amakhala. Dereli limatchulidwa ngati “dera la malo akale ozikidwa” (革命老区).

• Kutalika kwa malo okulira: 850–1080 m. Pakati pa minda ndi dera la Wushandong (五指山) ndi mudzi wa Xianhu (仙湖村), okwera kuposa 1,000 m. Dera lapakati limapanga mpaka 80% ya zokolola za tauniyi.

• Nyengo: Kutentha kwapakati pachaka pafupifupi 18.9 °C. Mvula ya pachaka 1570–1839 mm. Mitambo ndi chifunga zimakhala pafupifupi chaka chonse — masiku a chifunga amaposa 180 pachaka. Kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku kumaposa 10 °C. Gawo la kuwala kofalikira ndi pafupifupi 70%, zomwe zimatalikitsa nthawi yomanga ma amino acid m’mphukira. Nyengo ndi yofewa, popanda zochitika zowopsa, zomwe zimatsimikizira kukula kosadodometsedwa kwa mbewu.

• M’thaka: M’thaka wa acidic wachikasu ndi wofiira (酸性黄壤、红壤, suānxìng huáng rǎng, hóng rǎng) umapezeka kwambiri, wokhala ndi dothi lambiri (>1 m), ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe komanso mkhalidwe wa acidic (pH 4.5–6.0). M’thaka umatsimikizira kutuluka bwino kwa madzi ndipo ndi wolemera ndi michere.

• Zachilengedwe: Mitengo m’derali ili pa 78.48%. Palibe mafakitale — dera ndi loyera zachilengedwe. Chinthu chapadera cha minda yakomweko ndi kubzala pamodzi mitengo ya tii ndi yamitengo ya chitumbuwa cha Japan (樱花与茶树套种): mitengo ya chitumbuwa imapanga mthunzi wachilengedwe, kumachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa tizirombo ndi 60%. Njira yakale (百年古法) yotchinjiriza ku tizirombo imagwiritsidwa ntchito — popanda mankhwala aliwonse. Zokolola zili ndi ziphaso za organic (有机食品) ndi “green” (绿色食品).

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Shàngguǎn Xiān Hú Chá amapangidwa potsata ukadaulo wakale wa “kukazinga kwakale” (古法炒青, gǔ fǎ chǎo qīng), wonse ndi manja. Ntchito yonse siigwiritsa ntchito makina — kukhazikika kwa masamba kumaposa 95%.

• Kututa (采摘 — cǎi zhāi): Kututa ndi manja masamba ndi mphukira zatsopano malinga ndi mulingo wake.

• Kufota Padzuwa (日光萎凋 — rìguāng wěidiāo): Zopangira zatsopano zimayalidwa pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa kofalikira kwa maola 4–6. Chinyezi cha pamwamba chimachotsedwa, ndipo mapangidwe a zinthu zonunkhira amayamba.

• Kukhazikitsa Ubisi — “kupha ubisi” m’chitsulo (锅式杀青 — guō shì shā qīng): Kukazinga pa kutentha kwakukulu (~260 °C) m’chitsulo chachikulu chachikhalidwe. Kuletsa ma enzyme mwachangu, kusunga mtundu wobiriwira ndi kupanga fungo lodziwika la mpunga wokazinga (炒米香, chǎo mǐ xiāng). Gawo limeneli — kukazinga ndi manja m’chitsulo chotentha — ndilo lofunika kwambiri popanga fungo lodziwika.

• Kupiringa (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Kukanikiza mopepuka ndi kupiringa masamba (轻压成条, qīng yā chéng tiáo) kuti aphwanye makoma a maselo ndi kupanga mawonekedwe opiringa.

• Kuswa zoganda (解块 — jiě kuài): Kulekanitsa masamba opiringa kuti aume mofanana.

• Kuuma koyamba — máohuǒ (毛火 — máo huǒ): Kutentha pa ~110 °C kuti achotse chinyezi chambiri.

• Kuuma komaliza — zúhǔo (足火 — zú huǒ): Kutenthetsa pang’onopang’ono pa kutentha kochepa (~90 °C) mpaka kufika chinyezi ≤6.5%. Ndipo pa gawo limeneli ndipamene fungo la mpunga wokazinga limakulitsidwa ndi kukhazikika.

• Makhalidwe a ukadaulo: Kupanga konse ndi manja popanda makina — “njira yakale” ya Hakkha. Kukhazikika kwa masamba kumasungidwa pa >95%. Gulu lililonse limayesedwa kwathunthu ku zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizirombo (zotsatira — 100% zokwaniritsa).

6. Makhalidwe Organoleptic:

• Maonekedwe a masamba ouma: Mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mawonekedwe — yachikhalidwe yopiringa (卷曲紧结, juǎnqǔ jǐn jié) ndi yatsopano yophwanyika (扁平挺直, biǎnpíng tǐng zhí). Mawonekedwe opiringa ndi achikhalidwe a “njira yakale yokazinga”: tinjira tating’ono tozunguliridwa mwamphamvu tambiri tomwe tiri tobuluu ngati emerald. Mawonekedwe ophwanyika amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yatsopano (Fuyun No. 6). Mtundu umasiyana kuchokera ku wobiriwira kwambiri (míngqián chá) mpaka wobiriwira wachikasu (kututa kwa mpesa).

• Fungo la masamba ouma: Chofunika kwambiri — “fungo la mpunga wokazinga” (炒米香, chǎo mǐ xiāng): lotentha, la mtedza, lokazinga pang’ono, limapangidwa panthawi ya kukazinga ndi manja m’chitsulo. Pambuyo pake — kutsitsimula koyera ndi mafungo a udzu ndi nkhuni (清香, qīng xiāng). Tii wosungidwa kwakanthawi amatha kusonyeza fungo la uchi (蜜香, mì xiāng).

• Fungo la madzi: Lokhazikika la mtedza wa chestnut ndi mpunga, ndi mafungo oyera. Fungo limapitirirabe ngakhale mutatsuka kangapo.

• Kukoma: Kukoma (甘, gān) — kukoma koyera kobwerera, kofanana ndi maolivi atsopano (鲜橄榄回甘, xiān gǎnlǎn huígān), kokhazikika ndi kosalekeza. Kukwanira (醇, chún) — kupangana kogwirizana kwa polyphenols ndi ma amino acid, popanda kuwawa kowopsa kapena kumamatira. Kusalala (滑, huá) — kamvekedwe kofewa ngati silika, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid. Khosi limamva kuzizira (喉韵清凉, hóuyùn qīngliáng).

• Mtundu wa madzi: Wobiriwira ngati jade, wowoneka bwino ndi kunyezimira (碧绿清澈, bìlǜ qīng chè) kwa míngqián chá. Wobiriwira wachikasu, wowala (黄绿明亮) kwa tii wa mpesa.

• Pansi pa chikho (masamba ophikidwa): Ofewa obiriwira, osakanikirana, owala (嫩绿匀亮, nèn lǜ jūn liàng). Masamba ndi masamba awo ali atsopano ndi amoyo, ndi timadontho tofiira m’mbali mwa masamba (叶缘红点显) — chizindikiro cha kusamalidwa mwachikondi.

7. Mapangidwe a Mankhwala:

• Polyphenols (catechins): Mlingo wa tii polyphenols ndi ≥18.3% m’masamba a masika. Zinthu zazikulu ndi EGCG, EC, ECG. Kuchuluka kwake kumapereka mphamvu yotsutsa ma free radicals.

• Ma amino acid: Kuchuluka kwakukulu, komwe kumapezeka m’tii wamapiri okhala ndi mitambo yayitali. Chinthu chachikulu ndi L-theanine. Kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid pamodzi ndi polyphenols wochepa kumapangitsa kukoma kukhala kofewa ndi kokoma.

• Alkaloids: Caffeine — mulingo wapakati. Theobromine ndi theophylline amapezekanso.

• Mavitamini: Vitamin C (kuchuluka kwake chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa kwa kuuma komaliza), mavitamini a gulu B, vitamin A (β-carotene).

• Mchere: Fluoride (amapanga chitetezo cha fluorapatite pa enamel ya mano), potaziyamu, magnesium, zinc, manganese, selenium. Mizu yakuya ya zitsamba zakale imatsimikizira kuti mchere wambiri wapansi umapezeka.

• Chlorophyll: Kuchuluka kwake ndi chifukwa cha kuwala kofalikira kwa 70% ndi nthawi yayitali yakumanga.

• Mafuta onunkhira: Amachititsa fungo lodziwika la mpunga wokazinga; amapangidwa panthawi ya kukazinga ndi manja m’chitsulo ndi kuuma kawiri.

8. Ubwino Wathanzi:

• Mphamvu yotsutsa ma free radicals: Polyphenols amathetsa ma free radicals mwamphamvu. Malinga ndi zimene anena ena, tii polyphenols amatha kumanga ma isotopes a radioactive (strontium-90, cobalt-60).

• Kuthandizira kusintha kwa mafuta: Catechins amalepheretsa ntchito ya ma enzymes opanga mafuta, kuthandiza kuyeretsa mafuta m’magazi. EGCG amachedwetsa kukwera kwa glucose pambuyo pa chakudya.

• Kuteteza m’kamwa: Fluoride, yomwe ili mu tii, imapanga chitetezo cha fluorapatite pa enamel ya mano, kumawonjezera kulimba kwa acid ndi matenda a m’mano. Catechins ali ndi mphamvu yopha tizilombo.

• Mphamvu yotsitsimula: Mphamvu yofewa, yosasinthasintha popanda kukwera mwadzidzidzi — ndi chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa caffeine ndi L-theanine.

• Kuthandizira kugaya chakudya: Mofewa amalimbikitsa ma enzymes a m’mimba. Amagwirizana bwino pambuyo pa chakudya (nthawi yabwino — pa ola limodzi pambuyo pa kudya).

• Kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi: Kuphatikiza kwa mavitamini C, A ndi E, michere, ndi polyphenols.

• Kuthandizira maganizo: L-theanine amathandiza kukhazikika ndi kusintha kwa chidwi.

• Chofunika: chidziwitsochi ndi chophunzitsira chabe ndipo si upangiri wa zamankhwala. Ngati muli ndi vuto la kumva caffeine, m’mawa mokha muzimwa tiyi. Mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku — osaposa 500 ml.

9. Kuwiritsa:

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C. Kwa magulu apamwamba (Teji AAA) — 75 °C. Madzi otentha kwambiri (>90 °C) saloledwa — madzi amakhala achikasu, ndipo amawawa.
• Kuchuluka kwa tii: 3 g pa 150 ml (chiŵerengero 1:50).
• Zovala: Kapu yagalasi — kuti muwone “kuvina kwa tii wobiriwira” (绿茶舞, lǜchá wǔ) ndi kuyang’ana mtundu wa madzi. Gaiwan yoyera ya porcelain (盖碗) — kuti fungo libululidwe bwino.
• Njira:
  1. Kutsuka: tsukanirani tii ndi madzi ofunda (~50 °C) mwachangu — masekondi 3–5, tsanulani. Izi zimadzutsa masamba mofewa, osachotsa fungo.
  2. Kuwiritsa: tsanulani madzi a 80–85 °C. Kuwiika koyamba — masekondi 30.
  3. Kutsuka kotsatira: wonjezerani nthawi ndi masekondi 20 pa kutsuka kulikonse. Tii amatha kuwiritsidwa mokwanira 3–4.
• Zindikirani: Madzi ofewa okhala ndi mchere wochepa amalimbikitsidwa — amatsindika kukoma ndi kuyera kwa kukoma. Osamwa tii pamimba yopanda kanthu.

10. Kusungirako:

• Kutentha: Chapaderachake — mufiriji, 0–5 °C (kutseka mwamphamvu n’kofunika kuti zisalowe zonunkhira).
• Chidebe: Chotseka, chosawoneka mkati — matumba a ziletso, zitini zotayidwa kapena zotengera zadothi zokhala ndi zivundikiro zolimba.
• Adani a tii: Kuwala, chinyezi, kutentha kwakukulu, ndi fungo lochokera kunja.
• Nthawi yosungira: Amakhala wabwino kwambiri m’miyezi 6–12 yoyamba pambuyo pa kupangidwa. Paketi imene yatsegulidwa iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa miyezi 3 kuti fungo la mpunga wokazinga lisungidwe.

11. Mtengo ndi Mabodza:

• Gulu la mtengo: Magulu malinga ndi muyeso wa T/CSTEA:

  • Teji AAA (特级AAA): masamba amodzi okha kapena masamba ndi tsamba limodzi ≤2,5 cm, fungo lambiri la chestnut. Kuposa 600 yuan pa jin (500 g).
  • Gulu loyamba (一级 A): masamba ndi tsamba limodzi, masamba opiringa bwino, kukoma kwatsopano. 300–500 yuan pa jin.
  • Gulu lachiwiri (二级): masamba ndi masamba awiri, kuwiritsa kolimba, chiŵerengero chabwino cha mtengo ndi mkhalidwe. 200–300 yuan pa jin.
  • Tii wamba (大宗茶, magulu 4–7): masamba okhwima, ogwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku komanso m’matumba a m’malo odyera. Mitengo imadalira nyengo (míngqián >> yǔqián > mpesa), kupanga ndi manja, ndi chizindikiro cha malo.

• Momwe mungapewere mabodza:

  • Yang’anani chizindikiro cha malo (国家地理标志) — Shàngguǎn Xiān Hú Chá weniweni amapangidwa m’dera la tauni ya Shangguan, boma la Dongyuan kokha.
  • Yesani fungo: fungo lodziwika la chestnut ndi mpunga (炒米香) ndi chiphaso chake, chomwe n’chovuta kutsanzira. Fungo lofusa, lowawa kapena lachilengedwe losaphika ndi chizindikiro cha chabodza kapena kusungidwa koyipa.
  • Madzi ayenera kukhala obiriwira ngati jade komanso owonekera. Kusawonekera kapena mtundu wakuda wachikasu ndi chizindikiro choyipa.
  • Gulani kwa ogulitsa odalirika. Makampani otsogola ndi “Taiping Yinghua Chayuan” (台品樱花茶园) ndi “Zeng shi Xianhu chaye” (曾氏仙湖茶业).
  • Mtengo wotsika kwambiri ndi chifukwa chokaikira: kupanga ndi manja ndi ziphaso za organic zimafuna mtengo wapamwamba.

12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:

• Chinthu chapadera cha minda ya m’derali ndi kubzala pamodzi mitengo ya tii ndi yamitengo ya chitumbuwa cha Japan (sakura). Mitengo ya chitumbuwa imapanga mthunzi wachilengedwe, kuchepetsa kuwala kwa dzuwa kwachindunji, ndipo maluwa ake amakopa tizilombo tothandiza, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amachotsera tizirombo ku mitengo ya tii — matenda amachepetsedwa ndi 60% popanda mankhwala aliwonse.
• Zokolola zapachaka za tii m’tauni ya Shangguan ndi pafupifupi matani 1,600, ndipo mtengo wonse wa ntchito yonse (kulima, kukonza, kukulunga, kutumiza, zokopa alendo) unakwana 1.8 biliyoni yuan mu 2024. Kwa tauni yomwe ili ndi anthu masauzande angapo, uku ndi kukula kodabwitsa — tii amadyetsa dera lonselo.
• M’minda ya tii ya mudzi wa Xianhu mu 2021, zida zomanga za miyala zodzitchinjiriza — zotsalira za nsanja zowonera za gulu lankhondo la zipolowe la Dongjiang Zhidui (东江纵队), zomwe zidagwira ntchito panthawi ya Nkhondo Yomasula — zidapezeka. Kugwirizana kwa mbiri ya zipolowe ndi kupanga tii kunakhazikitsa lingaliro la zokopa alendo la “njira yofiira-yobiriwira.”
• Dzina la banja Zeng (曾) — limodzi mwamabanja a Hakkha akuluakulu a m’derali — limagwirizana ndi mbiri ya kulima tii (kampani ya “Zeng shi Xianhu chaye”), komanso ndi mbiri ya zipolowe: mwana wa mudziwu Zeng Jin (曾进, 1909–1936) anali wamkulu wa gulu lankhondo lomwe linachita Ulendo Waukulu.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiya Wobiriwira Wina wa Guangdong:

• Yinghong Jiǔ Hào (英红九号, Yīnghóng Jiǔ Hào): Ngakhale kuti Yinghong No. 9 ndi tii wofiira (wochokera ku Yingde, Guangdong), kuyerekezaku n’koyenera monga kusiyanitsa miyambo iwiri ikuluyikulu ya tii ya Guangdong: Shàngguǎn Xiān Hú Chá akuimira mzere wobiriwira wa mapiri a Hakkha, pamene Yinghong amaimira mzere wa tii wokhazikika. Makomedwe ake ndi osiyana kwambiri: kutsitsimula ndi fungo la “mpunga” motsutsana ndi kukoma kwa maltose ndi “uchi.”

• Guìshān Chá (桂山茶, Guìshān Chá): Winanso tii wobiriwira wochokera ku Heyuan (dera la Yuancheng), koma ndi fungo losiyana — fungo lodziwika la “mtengo wa chinamoni” (桂花香), lomwe limachitika chifukwa mitengo ya tii imamera pafupi ndi mitengo ya chinamoni. Shàngguǎn Xiān Hú Chá ndi wokhala ndi fungo la “mpunga” ndi “mtedza” kwambiri, pamene Guishan ndi wa “maluwa ndi chinamoni” kwambiri.

• Kānghé Chá (康禾茶, Kānghé Chá): Tii wobiriwira wochokera m’tauni yoyandikana ya Kanghe (boma lomwelo la Dongyuan). Amapangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu yofanana ya Hakkha, koma pamalo otsika. Makomedwe ake ndi ofewa komanso osavuta; Shàngguǎn Xiān Hú Chá ndi wokhazikika komanso wovuta kununkhitsa chifukwa cha kutalika kwakukulu ndi njira ya “kukazinga kwakale.”

• Fènghuáng Dāncóng (凤凰单丛, Fènghuáng Dāncóng): Oolong wotchuka wochokera ku Chaozhou, Guangdong. Ngakhale kuti amapangidwa mosiyana kwambiri (wokhazikika pang’ono), kuyerekezaku kumasonyeza kukula kwa mitundu ya tii ya Guangdong: pomwe Dancong ndi wowonekera, wamaluwa, wosinthasintha, Shàngguǎn Xiān Hú Chá ndi woyera, wofanana, ndipo amayang’ana kwambiri kutsitsimula ndi kukoma kobwerera.

Pomaliza:

Shàngguǎn Xiān Hú Chá ndi tii wozika mizu m’nthaka ya mapiri a Hakkha ndi wodzaza ndi nkhani: kuchokera ku nthano za Dao za zinsinsi zakumwamba mpaka ku miyala yankhondo ya zipolowe pakati pa mitengo ya tii. “Zobiriwira zitatu” zake ndi zinayi za kukoma zake si njira zamalonda, koma ndi zotsatira za zaka mazana ambiri za ntchito ya manja m’mitambo ya Xianhu, kumene mitengo ya chitumbuwa imathunzira mizere ya tii, ndipo kuwala kofalikira kumadzaza pang’onopang’ono mphukira iliyonse ndi ma amino acid. Fungo la mpunga wokazinga — mafungo osowa kwa tii wobiriwira — limapangitsa Shàngguǎn Xiān Hú Chá kukhala wodziwika nthawi yomweyo ndi wosaiŵalika. Uwu ndi tii wa iwo omwe ali okonzeka kuyang’ana kupitirira mayina odziwika ndi kupeza mbali yaikulu, yochepa kudziwika, koma yowona ya chikhalidwe cha tii cha China.