Tiyi Wofiira wa Sanxi Qīngxīn

Tiyi Wofiira wa Sanxi Qīngxīn ndi tiyi wofiira waku Taiwan wokhala ndi fungo lachilengedwe la uchi (蜜香, Mìxiāng), wopangidwa m’chigawo cha Sanxi kuchokera kumasamba amtundu wapadera wa chomera chotchedwa Qīngxīn Gānzǎi. Tiyi ameneyu ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha mgwirizano wa chilengedwe ndi luso la alimi aku Taiwan: kukoma kwake kosayerekezeka kumabwera chifukwa cha kulumidwa ndi tizilombo totchedwa Jacobiasca formosana, zomwe zimayambitsa mayankho odzitchinjiriza m’masamba.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wofiira (紅茶, Hóngchá) – wokomoka mokwanira. Ali m’gulu la tiyi wofiira wa fungo la uchi (蜜香紅茶, Mìxiāng Hóngchá) chifukwa cha fungo lake lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha kulumidwa ndi tizilombo pamsamba.
Gulu Lalikulu: Tiyi wofiira wam’chigawo cha Taiwan wapamwamba kwambiri. Alipo m’ndandanda wa “Tiyi Khumi Odziwika Kwambiri ku Taiwan” (臺灣十大名茶, Táiwān Shí Dà Míngchá) monga tiyi wapadera (特色茶, Tèsè Chá).
Chiyambi: Chigawo cha Sanxi (三峽區, Sānxiá Qū), mumzinda wa New Taipei (新北市, Xīnběi Shì), kumpoto kwa Taiwan. Sanxi ndi dera lokhalo lalikulu ku Taiwan lomwe limapanga tiyi wobiriwira (碧螺春, Bìluóchūn ndi 龍井, Lóngjǐng), ndipo m’nyengo yachilimwe amapanga tiyi wofiira wa fungo la uchi kuchokera ku mtundu wa Qīngxīn Gānzǎi.
Madongosolo a Malo: Pafupifupi 24°56’ N, 121°22’ E.
Kutalika: Mamita 300–600 pamwamba pa nyanja.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri. Mbiri ya tiyi ku Sanxi yapitilira zaka zoposa 150. Kuyambira zaka za m’ma 1860, alimi ochokera ku zigawo za Anxi ndi Yongchun ku Fujian adabweretsa mbewu za tiyi ndi njira zopangira tiyi. Munthawi ya ulamuliro wa Japan (1895–1945), kampani ya Mitsui (三井合名会社) inakhazikitsa fakitale ya tiyi ku Sanxi ndipo inayambitsa kupanga kwakukulu kwa tiyi wofiira kuchokera ku mitundu ya Assam kuti igulitse kunja – panthawiyo tiyi waku Taiwan unayamba kutenga misika yapadziko lonse. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, msika utasintha, Sanxi inabwerera ku tiyi wobiriwira, ndipo mtundu wochokera komweko Qīngxīn Gānzǎi (青心柑仔, Qīngxīn Gānzǎi) unakhala maziko a tiyi wodziwika bwino wa Taiwan wa Bi Luo Chun ndi Long Jing.

Kubwera kwa tiyi wofiira wa fungo la uchi ku Sanxi ndi nkhani yaposachedwa. Mu 2007 (民國96年), Bungwe la Alimi a Chigawo cha Sanxi limodzi ndi Tea Research and Extension Station (茶業改良場, Cháyè Gǎiliángchǎng) motsogozedwa ndi Qiu Chui-feng (邱垂豐) adayambitsa pulogalamu yophunzitsa alimi am’deralo ukadaulo wopanga tiyi wofiira kuchokera ku masamba ang’onoang’ono. Cholinga chake chinali chamalingaliro: kukolola masamba m’chilimwe kunkapatsa tiyi wobiriwira wowawa kwambiri chifukwa cha dzuwa lamphamvu, ndipo mtengo wake unali wotsika. Kusandutsa masamba a m’chilimwe kukhala tiyi wofiira, makamaka ochokera ku masamba owonongeka ndi tizilombo, kunkapereka mwayi wopeza mankhwala a fungo lapadera la uchi ndikukweza kwambiri ndalama za alimi. Mu 2010 (民國99年), mpikisano woyamba wa tiyi wofiira wa Sanxi (三峽蜜香紅茶競賽) unachitika, zomwe zinakhazikitsa mwambo watsopano wa chigawochi.

Dzina. “Sanxi” (三峽) ndi dzina la chigawo, kutanthauza kwenikweni “mapiri atatu”. “Qīngxīn” (青心) – “mtima wobiriwira”, kusonyeza gulu la mitundu ya masamba yomwe ili ndi mtundu wobiriwira pakati. “Hóngchá” (紅茶) – “tiyi wofiira”, kutanthauza tiyi wokomoka mokwanira. M’kawonedwe ka tsiku ndi tsiku, tiyi ameneyu amatchulidwa kuti Sanxi Mìxiāng Hóngchá (三峽蜜香紅茶) – “tiyi wofiira wa fungo la uchi ku Sanxi”.

Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe. Kupanga tiyi ku Sanxi ndi maziko a chuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu am’deralo. Mafakitale a tiyi a mabanja, monga Zhengquan (正全茶廠) wa banja la Li, lokhala ndi mibado inayi, ndi Risheng (日盛茶廠) wa banja la Zhou, lokhala ndi mibado isanu ndi iwiri ya akatswiri a tiyi, amasonyeza kupitiriza kwa luso lawo. Malo onse olimako, kuphatikiza minda yochita mgwirizano, ndi pafupifupi mahekitala 180, ndipo pali mabanja pafupifupi 300 omwe akugwira nawo ntchito. Mpikisano wapachaka wa tiyi wofiira wa fungo la uchi wakhala chochitika chofunika kwambiri mu kalendala ya tiyi ya Taiwan, ndipo umalimbikitsa kukula kwa luso ndi mpikisano pakati pa opanga.

3. Mafotokozedwe a Chomera ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu: Qīngxīn Gānzǎi (青心柑仔, Qīngxīn Gānzǎi), m’chinenero cha komweko cha Minnan amangotchedwa “ganzizhong” (柑仔種 – “mtundu wa tsamba la mandarini”). Ndiyo mtundu wa Camellia sinensis var. sinensis – mtundu waku China wa masamba ang’onoang’ono. Uwu ndi mtundu wofika msanga (早生種, Zǎoshēngzhǒng), wopezeka ku mpoto kwa Taiwan, wofala makamaka kumadera a Wenshan, Xindian ndi Sanxi.
Mafotokozedwe a chitsamba: Chitsamba cha mtundu wochepa, chachikulu komanso chapakati, ndi thunthu loongoka komanso nthambi zosawirikana. Masamba ndi akulu, mawonekedwe ake ngati a zipatso za citrus (ndipo ndiye amatchedwa “ganzi” – “kamandarin”), m’mbali mwake n’zopindika m’mwamba. Masamba a tiyi ndi aakulu, okutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera kwambiri. Chinthu chapadera cha mtundu uwu ndi kukhoza kudzipanga okha: pamene zitsamba za tiyi wamba zimayamba kufota pakapita zaka 15, Qīngxīn Gānzǎi utha kutulutsa mphukira zatsopano kuchokera m’mizu, zomwe zimalowa m’malo mwa chitsamba chokalambacho.
Kukolola: Pamanja. Kwa tiyi wofiira wa fungo la uchi, amagwiritsa ntchito kukolola kwa m’chilimwe ndi m’dzinja (夏茶 ndi 秋茶), pamene tizilombo timakhala tochuluka. Kusiyana ndi zimenezi, kukolola kwa m’masika ndi m’nyengo yozizira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tiyi wobiriwira. Mulingo wokolola ndi mphukira imodzi ndi masamba awiri apamwamba (一芽二葉, Yī Yá Èr Yè). Nthawi yokolola ndi yaifupi: mphukira zimafika pamlingo woyenera pakapita masiku 15–20 kuyambira March mpaka November.

4. Chigawo ndi Mikhalidwe ya Kulima:

Dera: Chigawo cha Sanxi, chomwe chili m’malo amapiri a kumpoto kwa Taiwan, m’munsi mwa mapiri m’mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Sanxi.
Kutalika: Mamita 300–600 pamwamba pa nyanja.
Nthaka: Nthaka ya chomera chofiira (紅壤, Hóngrǎng) yokhala ndi pH 4.5–5.0, yodzaza ndi michere yambiri. Mwambo wa kuphimba nthaka ndi mankhwala a mpunga umapindulitsa kwambiri nthaka yapamwamba.
Nyengo: Nyengo yamvula ya subtropical. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka kumakhala pafupifupi +19°C. Mvula yambiri – yopitilira 2000 mm pachaka. M’mawa mumakhala nkhungu nthawi zambiri (masiku opitilira 150 pachaka), zomwe zimapanga chinyezi chokhazikika, chothandiza kuti zitsamba za tiyi zikule pang’onopang’ono ndikudzaza fungo labwino.
Njira ya Zachilengedwe: Chachikulu pa ulimi wa tiyi ku Sanxi ndi kusagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikusinthira ku ulimi wotetezedwa (安全栽培, Ānquán Zāipéi). Izi zimalola kuti tizilombo ta Jacobiasca formosana (Chitchaina: 小綠葉蟬, Xiǎo Lǜ Yè Chán) tichuluke. Kulumidwa kwa tizilombo kumayambitsa mayankho ambiri odzitchinjiriza m’chomera: kumayambitsa kupangika kwa zinthu zonunkhira za terpenoid ndi zina, zomwe zimapanga fungo lodziwika bwino la uchi (蜜香, Mìxiāng) la tiyi womaliza. Njira yomweyi imapezekanso mu fungo la Dong Fang Mei Ren (東方美人, Oriental Beauty) ndi tiyi wogubuduza wa Darjeeling.

5. Ukadaulo Wa Kupanga:

Kupanga Tiyi Wofiira wa Sanxi Qīngxīn kumatsatira njira yachikale ya gongfu hongcha (工夫紅茶, Gōngfū Hóngchá) ndicholinga chosunga fungo la uchi:

Kukolola (採摘, Cǎizhāi): Kukolola pamanja zinthu zofewa – mphukira ndi masamba awiri. N’kofunika kwambiri kuti masamba akhale atawonongeka kale ndi tizilombo: njira yotchedwa “zhuo xian” (著涎, Zhuó Xián – kwenikweni “kudzola malovu”) imayambitsa kupanga zinthu zonunkhira m’masamba asanayambe kukonzedwa.
Kufowoketsa (萎凋, Wěidiāo): Masamba okololedwa amayalidwa mosanjikiza pazingalo za nsungwi kuti mpweya utuluke. Zimenezi zimatenga pafupifupi maola 18 pa chinyezi cha pafupifupi 75%. Pa nthawi imeneyi, njira zoyamba za kupesa zidzayamba, ndipo tsamba limakhala lofewa ndi losavuta kupiringizana.
Kupiringiza (揉捻, Róuniǎn): Masamba ofowoka amapiringizidwa kuti awononge khoma la maselo ndikutulutsa madzi a m’maselo. Masamba amapangidwa kukhala aatali ndi opiringizika.
Kutentha kwa mpweya (發酵, Fājiào): Gawo lofunika kwambiri. Masamba opiringizika amaikidwa m’chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kolamuliridwa (pafupifupi 28°C) ndi mpweya wochuluka kwa mphindi pafupifupi 120 kuti afike pa mlingo wokwanira wa kutentha mpweya. Pa nthawiyi, ma catechin amasanduka theaflavin ndi thearubigin, zomwe zimapanga mtundu ndi thupi la msuzi wa tiyi, ndipo zinthu zonunkhira za uchi zomwe zinayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo zimalimbikitsidwa ndi kukhazikika.
Kuuma (烘乾, Hōnggān): Tiyi wophikidwa mokwanira amawumitsidwa mofulumira pa kutentha pafupifupi 90°C kuti asayime kupesa ndi kuchepetsa chinyezi kufika pansi pa 5%.
Kusanja (分級, Fēnjí): Tiyi womaliza amasanjidwa molingana ndi kukula ndi mlingo wa tsamba, kusiyanitsa nsonga ndi masamba athunthu kuchokera kuzinthu zosweka.

6. Makhalidwe Achilengedwe (Organoleptic):

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Mizere yopiringizika, yoonda ya bulauni woderapo, pafupifupi yakuda, ndi zidutswa za mphukira zagolide (nsonga) zokutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera.
Fungo la tsamba louma: Lamphamvu, lotsekemera, ndi zonunkhira zooneka bwino za uchi wachilengedwe, zipatso zokhwima (pichesi, maapurikoti), zonunkhira zochepa za citrus (chikhalidwe cha mtundu wa Qīngxīn Gānzǎi) ndi fungo losalala la maluwa.
Fungo la msuzi: Phukusi lamitundumitundu, lotsekemera la uchi ndi zipatso. Funde loyamba – mtedza wokazinga ndi caramel; limafutukula pakati pa fungo la uchi ndi fungo la maluwa a osmanthus; fungo lotsiriza – manyowa pang’ono a peel ya citrus.
Kukoma: Kofewa, kosalala, ndi kutsekemera kwachilengedwe komanso thupi losangalatsa. Mbali ya kukoma imaphatikizapo zonunkhira za uchi wa linden, nzimbe, ndi mavwende okhwima. Kuipidwa kumakhala kochepa. Pambuyo pake pamakhala kuseka kwa nthawi yayitali, kotsekemera, ndi mchere wosamveka komanso kuwawa kochepa, kotsirizidwa ndi “hui gan” (回甘) – kutsekemera kobwerera.
Mtundu wa msuzi: Wowala, wosala, kuyambira wagolide-amber mpaka walalanje wofiira wakuda, wofanana ndi mtundu wa uchi wamadzi.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lotenthedwa): Masamba ofewa, osalala a mtundu wofanana wabuluni wofiira, otseguka bwino. Mphukira zimawonekera bwino.

7. Zomwe Zilipo Mthupi:

Zomwe zilipo m’Tiyi Wofiira wa Sanxi Qīngxīn zimatsimikiziridwa ndi magulu a zinthu zomwe zimapezeka mu tiyi wofiira wamba komanso zinthu zapadera zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kulumidwa ndi tizilombo:

Polyphenols: Zochuluka ndi zotuluka m’kutentha kwa ma catechin – theaflavins (TF), zomwe zimapangitsa msuzi kukhala wonyezimira ndi wamoyo, ndi thearubigins (TR), zomwe zimapanga thupi ndi mtundu. Kuchuluka kwa polyphenols kumatha kuwonjezeredwa monga gawo la mayankho a chomera poteteza ku kulumidwa ndi tizilombo.
Zinthu zonunkhira zosakhazikika: Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha tiyi ameneyu. Kulumidwa ndi tizilombo kumayambitsa kupanga ma terpenoid: linalool ndi ma oxide ake, methyl salicylate (chinthu chokhala ndi fungo la uchi), komanso ma alcohol ena a monoterpene, omwe amapanga phukusi lovuta la Mi Xiang. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zimenezi n’kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa mmene zimakhalira mu tiyi wina wamba.
Ma amino acid: Pali L-theanine, imene imathandiza kupumula ndi kukulitsa chidwi.
Alkaloids: Caffeine – mwapakati (2.5–3.5%), theobromine ndi theophylline – m’kayendedwe kakang’ono.
Ma peptide odzitchinjiriza: Kafukufuku wasonyeza kukhalapo kwa ma peptide otha kulimbana ndi tizilombo (defensins) – gawo la mayankho a chitetezo cham’thupi a chomera ku kuwonongeka ndi tizilombo.
Mavitamini: C, B₁, B₂, PP.
Mchere: Potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, manganese, zinc.

8. Ubwino Wake:

Kuteteza thupi ku ma antioxidant: Theaflavins ndi thearubigins ndi ma antioxidant amphamvu, omwe amathandiza kuteteza maselo ku kuwonongeka chifukwa cha ma free radical ndikuchepetsa njira za oxidative stress.
Kuthandiza kupatsa mphamvu mofewa: Caffeine wochepa pamodzi ndi L-theanine amapereka mkhalidwe wokhala tcheru mwabata popanda kukwera mwadzidzidzi kapena kutsika kwa mphamvu pambuyo pake.
Kuthandiza chigayo: Polyphenols a mu tiyi wofiira amalimbikitsa kupanga ma enzyme a chigayo ndikuthandizira kuti tizilombo tathupi (microflora) tikhale tabwino. Tiyi amadziwika kuti ndi wabwino kumwa pambuyo pa nkhomaliro.
Dongosolo la mtima ndi magazi: Kumwa tiyi wofiira pafupipafupi kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa “kolestro yoyipa” (LDL) ndi kusunga mphamvu ya mitsempha.
Kuthandiza kuchepetsa kutupa ndi kuphera tizilombo: Zimachitika chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa polyphenols ndi ma peptide apadera odzitchinjiriza.
Ntchito za ubongo: L-theanine imalimbikitsa kupanga mafunde a alpha mu ubongo, kuthandiza chidwi ndi kukhoza kuganizira kwambiri.
Kulimbitsa chitetezo cham’thupi: Zinthu za polyphenol zimalimbikitsa kugwira ntchito kwa maselo a chitetezo cham’thupi.

9. Kaphikidwe:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 90–100°C. Kutentha kwakukulu kumathandiza kutulutsa mokwanira fungo la uchi ndi thupi la msuzi.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 5–7 g pa 150–200 ml ya madzi (njira ya gongfu, kutsanulira pang’onopang’ono) kapena 2–3 g pa 200–250 ml (njira ya ku Ulaya).
Chidebe: Chidebe chapadera cha porcelain (蓋碗, Gàiwǎn) – chosankha chabwino kwambiri, chomwe chimalola kuona bwino fungo la tiyi. Mphika wa dongo la Yixing (宜興紫砂壺, Yíxīng Zǐshā Hú) ukhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, womwe umalimbikitsa kuya ndi kukoma kwa kukoma.
Ndondomeko ya kaphikidwe (njira yakutsanulira pang’onopang’ono):
1. Tenthetsani gaiwan ndi chahai (mbale ya chilungamo) ndi madzi owira, kutsanulira madziwo.
2. Thirani tiyi wouma mu gaiwan yotentha. Sungani fungo la tsamba lotenthedwa.
3. Kutsuka: thirani madzi otentha ndikutsanulira nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimadzutsa tsamba ndikuchotsa fumbi.
4. Kutsanulira koyamba: thirani madzi a 90–95°C, mulowetseni kwa masekondi 20–30.
5. Kutsanulira kwachiwiri ndi kopitilira: onjezerani nthawi pang’onopang’ono – 30 s, 40 s, 50 s, 1 miniti.
6. Tiyi amatha kutsanulidwa ka 5–8, ndipo nthawi iliyonse amatulutsa zonunkhira zatsopano.
Njira ya ku Ulaya: 2–3 g tiyi pa 200–250 ml madzi pa 90–95°C. Kulowetsa kwa mphindi 3–4. Ndi yoyenera kumwa tsiku ndi tsiku.

10. Kusunga:

Kuti musunge fungo lapadera la uchi ndi kutsitsikira kwa tiyi, muyenera kutsatira izi:

Chidebe: Chidebe chotseka bwino, chosawonekera – mbiya yadothi, chidebe chachitsulo chokhala ndi chivundikiro cholimba, kapena thumba la zojambulazo zingapo ndi zip-lock.
Kutentha: Malo owuma, ozizira. Kutentha kwabwino kosungira n’kochepera 25°C. Ngati mukufuna kusunga kwanthawi yayitali, mutha kuika m’firiji (5–10°C) m’chidebe chotsekedwa bwino.
Kuwala ndi fungo: Kuteteza ku kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi fungo lamphamvu lachilendo n’kofunika.
Nthawi: Mosungidwa bwino, tiyi amasunga makhalidwe ake kwa zaka ziwiri. Fungo la uchi lomveka bwino komanso lomveka bwino limapezeka m’chaka choyamba pambuyo popanga.

11. Mtengo ndi Zabodza:

Gulu la mtengo: Tiyi Wofiira wa Sanxi Qīngxīn ali m’gulu lapamwamba la tiyi wofiira waku Taiwan. Mtengo wake umadalira mlingo, nyengo yokolola, kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa tsamba ndi tizilombo, ndi mbiri ya wopanga. Magulu a mpikisano (omwe alandira mphoto pa mpikisano wapachaka) amawononga kwambiri kuposa wamba. Mtengo wogulitsa pamsika wapadziko lonse ndi 25–40 USD pa 100 g pa tiyi wabwino; magulu a mpikisano angawononge kwambiri.
Zinthu zimene zimakhudza mtengo: Mlingo wa fungo la uchi (pamene tizilombo tavulala kwambiri, mtengo umakhala wokwera); nyengo yokolola (yachilimwe, yokhala ndi tizilombo tochuluka, imalemekezedwa kwambiri); kukolola pamanja ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa zokolola.
Mmene mungapewere zabodza:
- Gulani tiyi kwa ogulitsa odalirika odziwa bwino tiyi waku Taiwan kapena mwachindunji kwa alimi ku Sanxi.
- Yerekezerani fungo: fungo lachilengedwe la uchi la Mi Xiang ndi lamitundumitundu, lofewa komanso lachilengedwe, lopanda fungo lamphamvu la mankhwala. Zabodza, zomwe zanunkhitsidwa mwachipangizo, zimanunkha mobwerezabwereza komanso movutitsa.
- Yang’anani maonekedwe a tsamba: kukhalapo kwa nsonga zagolide, kupiringizika koyenera, popanda zinthu zachilendo.
- Yerekezerani msuzi: tiyi weniweni amatulutsa msuzi wowala, wosala, wosala wa mtundu wagolide-amber. Msuzi wamwano kapena wakuda ndi chizindikiro cha khalidwe lotsika.
- Mtengo wotsika mokayikitsa: ngati mtengo uli wotsika kwambiri kuposa wamsika pomwe akunenedwa kuti ndi wapamwamba – ndiye kuti pali mwayi waukulu wa zabodza kapena kusintha kwa zopangira.

12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:

“Kulumidwa kwa kukongola”. Fungo la uchi la Mi Xiang ndi zotsatira za “mgwirizano” wamakemikolo pakati pa chitsamba cha tiyi ndi tizilombo ta Jacobiasca formosana. Kulumidwa ndi tizilombo kumayambitsa kupanga ma terpenoid – zinthu zomwezo zomwe zimapereka fungo lodziwika bwino la muscatel mu tiyi wa Darjeeling ndi fungo la Dong Fang Mei Ren. N’chodabwitsa kuti zomwe mlimi wakale ankaona kuti ndi zowononga tsopano ndi maziko a tiyi wapamwamba.
Mtundu wosafa. Qīngxīn Gānzǎi ali ndi mphamvu yodzipangira okha: pamene chitsamba cha tiyi chikukalamba (nthawi zambiri pakapita zaka 15), mphukira zatsopano zimamera mwachilengedwe kuchokera m’mizu, ndikupanga chitsamba chatsopano m’malo mwa chakale. Chifukwa cha izi, minda ina ku Sanxi yakhala ikubala zipatso mosalekeza kwa zaka zopitilira 100.
Nkhope ziwiri za mtundu umodzi. Kuchokera ku masamba a Qīngxīn Gānzǎi m’dera lomwelo la Sanxi m’nyengo ya masika ndi yozizira amapanga tiyi wina wosiyana kotheratu – tiyi wodziwika bwino wa Taiwan wa Bi Luo Chun (碧螺春) ndi Long Jing (龍井). Choncho, chitsamba chimodzimodzi pa chaka chimatulutsa tiyi wobiriwira wofewa komanso tiyi wofiira wa fungo la uchi – kutengera nyengo ndi njira yopangira.
Mpikisano monga chida cha kupita patsogolo. Kuyambira pamene mpikisano wa tiyi wofiira wa Sanxi unakhazikitsidwa mu 2010, kuchuluka kwa magulu omwe amaperekedwa kwakula kuchoka pa 5 Taiwanese jin (斤, pafupifupi 3 kg) kufika pa 10 jin (pafupifupi 6 kg) pofika 2015 – umboni wa kukula kwa luso ndi chidaliro cha opanga pa ubwino wa mankhwala awo.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wofiira:

Tiyi wa Sun Moon Lake / Hong Yu (日月潭紅茶 / 紅玉, TTES №18): Tiyi wofiira wochokera ku Nantou, wopangidwa kuchokera ku mtundu wosakanizidwa wa Assam. Mosiyana ndi Tiyi Wofiira wa Sanxi, ali ndi kukoma kokulirapo, kodzaza ndi zonunkhira za sinamoni ndi timbewu ta munda, wopanda fungo la uchi lochokera ku tizilombo. Tsamba lake ndi lalikulu, msuzi wake umakhala wakuda komanso wochuluka.
Tiyi wa Hualien Mìxiāng (花蓮蜜香紅茶): Tiyi wofiira wa fungo la uchi wochokera kum’mawa kwa Taiwan (chigawo cha Hualien), wopangidwanso mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo, koma kuchokera ku mitundu ina – Qīngxīn Oolong (青心烏龍), Jin Xuan (金萱) ndi Cui Yu (翠玉). Amasiyana ndi Tiyi Wofiira wa Sanxi pokhala ndi khalidwe lolimba la “kum’mwera”, lopanda fungo laling’ono la citrus lomwe ndi chikhalidwe cha mtundu wa Qīngxīn Gānzǎi.
Dong Fang Mei Ren (東方美人): Tiyi wa oolong waku Taiwan (osati wofiira), wopangidwanso mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo. Komabe, Dong Fang Mei Ren ndi tiyi wokomoka pang’ono (kutentha kwa mpweya 60–75%), pamene Tiyi Wofiira wa Sanxi wakomoka mokwanira. Mei Ren ali ndi mbiri ya maluwa, ya “muscatel”, pamene Tiyi Wofiira wa Sanxi amatsindika kwambiri kutsekemera kwa uchi ndi zipatso.
Darjeeling Second Flush (Muscatel): Tiyi wakuda wa India wokhala ndi fungo la muscatel, womwe umabweranso chifukwa cha kulumidwa ndi tizilombo (Empoasca flavescens). Mosiyana ndi Tiyi Wofiira wa Sanxi, ali ndi kuwawa kokulirapo, fungo lodziwika bwino la “mphesa ya muscatel” komanso kutsekemera kochepa kwa uchi.

Pomaliza

Tiyi Wofiira wa Sanxi Qīngxīn ndi tiyi umene chilengedwe ndi luso laumunthu zimalumikizana mogwirizana modabwitsa. Mtundu wapadera wa Qīngxīn Gānzǎi, nyengo yochepa ya kumpoto kwa Taiwan, ulimi wachilengedwe ndi “kugwirizana” kodabwitsa kwa tizilombo ta Jacobiasca formosana zimatulutsa tiyi wofiira wokhala ndi fungo lachilengedwe la uchi ndi zipatso, kukoma kofewa ndi kosangalatsa, komanso kuseketsa kwautali kotsekemera. Tiyi ameneyu ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri kwa iwo amene amalemekeza kutsekemera kwachilengedwe kopanda zowonjezera, ukadaulo ndi kuchuluka kwa luso la tiyi waku Taiwan, komanso kwa onse amene akufuna kupeza mbali yatsopano, yachinyamata komanso yotukuka mwamphamvu ya chikhalidwe cha tiyi waku Taiwan.