Tiyi Wobiriwira wa Sanjiang

Tiyi Wobiriwira wa Sanjiang (三江绿茶, Sānjiāng lǜchá) — “Tiyi Yoyamba Yam’mawa Yoyambirira M’dziko Lonse la China” (中国大陆早春第一茶) yochokera ku Sānjiāng Dòngzú Zìzhìxiàn, dera lokhalo la fuko la Dong, Miao ndi Zhuang ku Guangxi, lomwe lili pamphambano wa zigawo zitatu — Hunan, Guizhou ndi Guangxi. Chifukwa chakuti lili pa 25th (yotchedwa “mlatho wagolide wa tiyi”) komanso nyengo yapadera yamapiri a Nanling (南岭), kukolola kumeneku kumayamba masiku 20 m’mbuyo kusiyana ndi madera ena onse a tiyi m’dzikolo. Tiyiyi akugwirizana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu a mtundu wa Dong (侗, Dòng): amamwa ndi “yóuchá” (油茶) yamafuta pansi pa “milatho ya mphepo ndi mvula” (风雨桥, fēngyǔ qiáo) yojambulidwa mwaluso, ndipo mtengo wa mtundu wa tiyiyi pofika m’chaka cha 2024 unafika 3.6 biliyoni yuan.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (wosavundikidwa, 绿茶, lǜchá). Kukhazikitsa kwa umoyo wosavundikidwa — kuwotcha pa kutentha kwakukulu (220–260 °C).

• Gulu: Chogulitsa cha Chizindikiro Chadziko cha Malo Odziwika (国家地理标志产品, kuyambira 2012); chinaphatikizidwa mu gulu loyamba la Pulogalamu Yoteteza Zizindikiro za Malo Odziwika ku Guangxi (2024). Mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa tiyi mu Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

• Chiyambi: China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (广西壮族自治区, Guǎngxī); Sānjiāng Dòngzú Zìzhìxiàn (三江侗族自治县), dera la mzinda wa Liǔzhōu Shì (柳州市). Derali lili pamalire a zigawo za Hunan, Guizhou ndi Guangxi (湘黔桂三省交界). Chigawo chotetezedwa ndi dera lonse la Sānjiāng (midzi 162). Malo abwino kwambiri ndi Phiri la Xiānrén Shān (仙人山, “Phiri la Osafa”) m’mudzi wa Bùyāng Cūn (布央村), m’chigawo cha Bājiāng Zhèn (八江镇), komanso minda yokwezeka ya Tóngdào (同道) ndi Dúdòng (独峒).

• Ma coordinates: pafupifupi 25°30′–26°00′ N, 108°30′–109°30′ E.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

• Mbiri:

Kulima tiyi ku Sānjiāng ndi chimodzi mwa zakale kwambiri kum’mwera kwa China. Lù Yǔ (陆羽) m’buku lake la “Chájīng” (《茶经》) adatchula tiyi wa ku Xiàngzhōu (象州, kumene kuli Liǔzhōu ndi madera ozungulira) kuti ndi “wokoma kwambiri” (味道极佳). Umboni wolembedwa wa kulima mitengo ya tiyi uli ndi zaka zopitilira 1800, ndipo midzi ya a Dong imasungabe minda yakale ya tiyi m’mapiri a Xiānrén Shān.

Ulemerero wapadera wa tiyi pagulu la a Dong ukutsimikizidwa ndi chikalata chapadera chambiri: mwala wa 1881 (chaka cha 7 cha ulamuliro wa Guāngxù) m’chigawo cha Tónglè Xiāng (同乐乡) umalamula kuti alipidwe chindapusa cha “ndalama zamaluwa zikwi ziwiri” (花红二千) chifukwa choba masamba a tiyi — umboni wakuti kumapeto kwa ufumu wa Qing, tiyi anali mbewu yamtengo wapatali kwambiri m’derali.

Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, tiyi ku Sānjiāng adali chinthu cha m’deralo basi — alimi a mtundu wa Dong ankalima m’mapiri otsetsereka kuti azidyera m’banja lawo komanso kuphika yóuchá. Zinthu zinasintha pambuyo pa 1949: boma linayamba kuthandizira chikhalidwe cha tiyi m’madera a mapiri a mafuko ang’onoang’ono monga njira yothana ndi umphawi. Koma kupambana kwenikweni kunachitika kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1900.

Kutsitsimutsidwa kwamakono kunayamba mu 1989 pamene derali linasinthira ku kukulitsa makampani a tiyi mokulira. Mu 2012, Tiyi Wobiriwira wa Sanjiang adalandira udindo wa chogulitsa cha Chizindikiro cha Malo Odziwika. Pofika 2024, mtengo wa mtundu wa tiyiyi ukuyerekezedwa kufika 3.605 biliyoni yuan, ndipo chiwonkhetso chapachaka cha makampani a tiyi ndi 8.6 biliyoni yuan. Minda ya tiyi ndi mahekitala pafupifupi 14,333 (215,000 mu), makampaniwa amagwiritsa ntchito anthu opitilira 300,000 (mabanja oposa 70,000 m’midzi 162), ndipo pali mafakitale okonza tiyi 490. Tiyiyi amatumizidwa ku EU ndi mayiko a kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa Asia.

• Dzina: 三江 (Sānjiāng) — “Mitsinje Itatu” — potengera mitsinje ikuluikulu itatu ya m’deralo. Dzina lachidong limatanthauza kuphatikizana kwa mitsinje itatu; 绿茶 (Lǜchá) — “tiyi wobiriwira”. Tanthauzo lonse: “Tiyi Wobiriwira wa Mitsinje Itatu”.

• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Tiyi Wobiriwira wa Sanjiang ndi gawo losayanjanika la chikhalidwe cha anthu a mtundu wa Dong (侗族, Dòngzú), amodzi mwa mafuko apadera kwambiri kum’mwera kwa China. Tiyiyi amamwetsedwa tsiku ndi tsiku kupyolera mu mwambo wa “yóuchá” (油茶) — chakumwa cha tiyi chamafuta chomwe chimakonzedwa powotcha masamba a tiyi ndi mpunga, chiponde ndi ginger m’mphika wachitsulo. Yóuchá amaperekedwa m’nyumba iliyonse ya a Dong ndipo ndi chinthu chofunikira pa “Phwando la Mabanja Zana” (百家宴, bǎijiā yàn) — chakudya chogawana chimene banja lililonse limabweretsa chakudya chake. Minda ya tiyi ya Bùyāng yasanduka chodabwitsa chokopa alendo: mu 2018, Xiānrén Shān idalandira udindo wa National 4A Tourism Zone; alendo amatha kutenga nawo mbali pakukolola ndi kukonza tiyi, kugona m’tinyumba tamatabwa ta nyenyezi (星空木屋) pakati pa minda ya tiyi ndikuonera kulowa kwa dzuwa kuchokera pamasitepe a tiyi akumvetsera nyimbo zambirimbiri za a Dong (侗族大歌, Dòngzú Dàgē), zomwe zili pa mndandanda wa zikhalidwe zosawoneka za UNESCO.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:

• Mtundu / cultivar: Waukulu ndi Fúyún Liù Hào (福云六号), mtundu wochokera ku clone woyamba msanga wa Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, womwe umathandiza kukolola koyambirira kwambiri m’chaka. Amawonjezeredwa ndi mitundu ina ya m’deralo (yobzalidwa kuchokera ku mbewu) imene imabweretsa kusiyanasiyana kwa ma genetic. Makhalidwe: nsonga zofewa, zosalimba; kulemera kwa mphukira 100 pafupifupi 45 g; ma polyphenols 25.95%, ma amino acid 2.28% (mulingo woyambira; m’minda yokwezeka mpaka 5%).

• Kukolola: Kukolola koyambirira kwambiri m’chaka — kuyambira kumapeto kwa January kapena koyambirira kwa February, masiku oposa 20 m’mbuyo kusiyana ndi madera ena a tiyi ku China. Nthawi yaikulu — February–April.

• Mulingo wa kukolola: Kalasi yapamwamba kwambiri — nsonga imodzi yokha kapena nsonga ndi kapepala kamodzi kotseguka pang’ono (一芽一叶初展), ndi ziweto zambiri. Woyamba — nsonga imodzi + kapepala kamodzi (90%). Wachiwiri — nsonga ndi timapepala tiwiri.

• Zofunikira pa zopangira: Nsonga zosawonongeka. Kubzala — kudzera mu cuttings; feteleza wachilengedwe matani 15–30 pa hekitala; mankhwala ophera tizilombo amaletsedwa.

4. Malo Otchedwa Terroir ndi Makhalidwe Alimi:

Sanjiang ili pa 25° N. — “mlatho wagolide wa tiyi” (黄金产茶带), pamapiri akum’mwera a Nanling (南岭), pamalo osinthira kuchokera ku mapiri a Yunnan-Guizhou kukafika ku zigwa za Guangxi.

• Kutalika kwa malo: 300–1,100 m; malo apakati (Bùyāng, Bājiāng) — 600–1,000 m. Mpaka 70% ya minda ya tiyi ya m’derali ili m’dera lalitali.

• Nyengo: Sub-tropical, yamwera kwa Nanling. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka 18.3 °C; mvula 1,557 mm/pachaka; masiku opanda chisanu 320; kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku >15 °C. Kuwala kwa mitambo ndi chifungo kumapanga pafupifupi 70% ya kuwala konse, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kupanga ma amino acid moposa 30% mogwira mtima kuposa madera a m’zigwa.

• Dothi: Dothi lachikasu lofiira (黄红壤, huáng hóng rǎng), pH 4.5–6.0, zinthu zachilengedwe ≥1%. Madzi amayenda bwino chifukwa cha mapiri.

• Chilengedwe: Nkhalango zili ndi 78% — imodzi mwa zambiri kwambiri m’madera a tiyi ku China. Matenda ndi tizilombo timachepetsedwa ndi 60% kusiyana ndi zigwa, chifukwa cha kudzipatula kwa mapiri ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa zamoyo. Minda ya tiyi yazunguliridwa ndi nkhalango zachilengedwe popanda mafakitale mtunda wamakilomita ambiri. Mudzi wa Bùyāng ndi chitsanzo cha “kuphatikizana kwa tiyi ndi malo”: minda ya tiyi yosanjikiza pamodzi ndi mitengo yofiira ya maple yosinthasintha nyengo zonse, mitengo ya bamboo ndi nyumba zamatabwa za a Dong — milatho ya mphepo ndi mvula, nsanja za ng’oma (鼓楼, gǔlóu) ndi nyumba zomangidwa ndi mitengo yoyimirira. Dongosolo limeneli silongokongola chabe, komanso limagwira ntchito: nkhalango zimagwira ntchito yotchinjiriza mphepo komanso kusunga chinyezi ku minda ya tiyi.

5. Luso la Kupanga:

Tiyi Wobiriwira wa Sanjiang amapangidwa m’mitundu yosiyanasiyana (Lóngjǐng, Bìluóchūn, Máojiān, Biǎnchá), koma njira yoyambirira ndi yofanana: kuwotcha pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuwongolera kolondola kwambiri, komwe kumasunga mpaka 90% ya chlorophyll, ndikuletsa kukulunga ndi makina pa magulu apamwamba. Makhalidwe apadera a kupanga ndi kusunga kusalimba ndi kukhulupirika kwa zopangirazo: nthawi yonse kuchokera kukolola mpaka kumaliza sichipitilira tsiku limodzi.

• Kuyanika koyamba / kufooketsa pang’ono (摊青 — tān qīng): Pa 20–25 °C kwa maola 4–6. Kutulutsa chinyezi mwapang’ono ndi kuyamba kupanga ma precursors a fungo.

• Kukhazikitsa kwa zobiriwira (杀青 — shāqīng): Kuwotcha pa kutentha kwakukulu pa 220–260 °C kwa mphindi pafupifupi 5. Kuwongolera kwenikweni kwa kutentha kumathandiza kusunga mpaka 90% ya chlorophyll, zomwe zimabweretsa mtundu wobiriwira wonyezimira wa chogulitsa chomalizidwa.

• Kukulunga (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Pang’ono, ndikuphwanya 50–60% ya makoma a cell. Pa magulu apamwamba — kuchitidwa ndi manja kokha; kukulunga ndi makina kumaletsedwa kuti nsonga ndi masamba asawonongeke.

• Kupanga mawonekedwe (做形 — zuò xíng): Kutengera ndi chogulitsa chofunidwa: kukulunga mozungulira (pa Bìluóchūn), kuphwanya kupanga mawonekedwe athyathyathya (pa Lóngjǐng), kukulunga kukhala ulusi wochepa thupi (pa Máojiān). Njira — “kukulunga ndi kukokota” kwa manja (搓条紧结, cuō tiáo jǐn jié).

• Kuuma (干燥 — gānzào): Mpaka kufika pa chinyezi chomaliza ≤6.5%.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumvetsetsa Kupyolera mu Ziwalo:

• Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Atengera mawonekedwe. Bìluóchūn — mikunga yokulungidwa molimbika, yobiriwira ya siliva, yokhala ndi ziweto zosamveka bwino (翠绿隐毫, cuìlǜ yǐn háo). Lóngjǐng — “mabelede” athyathyathya. Máojiān — ochepa thupi, owongoka, okhala ndi ziweto zoyera zambiri. Khalidwe lofanana: nsonga zimene zili ndi thupi lokhuthala, “zokhuthala,” zolemera (条索厚重, tiáosuǒ hòuzhòng) — zotsatira za kukula m’malo okwezeka.

• Fungo la masamba owuma: Fungo la chiponde (栗香, lì xiāng) — fungo lofunika kwambiri, lalitali ndi lakuthwa (高锐, gāo ruì). Kanunkha kakang’ono ka orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng) kumapeto. Posungidwa kwanthawi — kumera pang’ono kokoma ngati uchi.

• Fungo la madzi otentha: Fungo la chiponde-orchid, lokhazikika ndi lalitali. Pozizira, chimakhala ndi kanunkha kakang’ono kokoma ka “maluwa”.

• Kukoma: Kwatsopano (鲜爽, xiān shuǎng) — “moyo” wodziwika wa amino acid. Kokoma ndi koyera (甘醇, gān chún), ndi kukoma kobwerera kwanthawi yayitali (回甘持久). Kupirira kusakanizidwa mobwerezabwereza — 5–7, zomwe ndi zambiri kuposa mtengo wamba wa tiyi wobiriwira.

• Mtundu wa madzi: Wachikasu-wobiriwira, wopanda zonyansa ndi wowala (黄绿明亮).

• Masamba otsalira (masamba osakanizidwa): Ofewa, ofanana, amoyo (嫩匀鲜活); nsonga ndi timapepala timayimirira moongoka (芽叶竖立) — chizindikiro cha zopangira zapamwamba kwambiri.

7. Mapangidwe a Mankhwala:

• Ma Polyphenols (茶多酚): Pafupifupi 28% — apamwamba kuposa a Xī Hú Lóngjǐng (~25%). Kuchuluka kwa EGCG kumapereka mphamvu yayikulu yolimbana ndi ma free radicals.

• Amino acid (氨基酸): Mpaka 5% m’minda yapamwamba yokwezeka — 20% kuposa mtengo wapakati wa tiyi wobiriwira. L-theanine amalamulira, akupereka kukoma kwatsopano ndi “kudzuka mofewa”.

• Zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi: Chiwerengero chapamwamba, chomwe chimafotokoza kuchuluka ndi kupirira kwa madzi otentha.

• Ma alkaloids: Caffeine mumlingo wamba wa tiyi wobiriwira; theobromine, theophylline.

• Movitamini: Vitamini C, vitamini za gulu la B, vitamini E.

• Mchere: Potaziyamu, manganese, zinc, fluoride — zochokera ku dothi lachikasu lofiira la madera a mapiri.

8. Ubwino wa Zaumoyo:

• Chitetezo cha ma antioxidant: Ma polyphenols (~28%) ndi ma amino acid (mpaka 5%) amapereka chitetezo chokwanira ku kupsinjika kwa oxidative.

• Mphamvu yolimbikitsa: Kugwirizanitsa kwa caffeine ndi L-theanine — kuwonjezeka kwa kukhazikika popanda kuda nkhawa.

• Kuthandizira kagayidwe ka mafuta: Kuchuluka kwa catechins kumalimbikitsa kagayidwe ka mafuta.

• Dongosolo la mtima ndi mitsempha: Ma polyphenols amathandizira kupindika kwa mitsempha ndikuwongolera cholesterol.

• Kulimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi: Vitamini C ndi mchere zimalimbikitsa ntchito za chitetezo.

• Ntchito za ubongo: L-theanine amalimbikitsa kuyenda kwa mafunde a alpha muubongo.

• Zaumoyo wa m’kamwa: Fluoride ndi catechins amalepheretsa ntchito za mabakiteriya oyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mano.

• Chofunika kudziwa: Ubwino wotchulidwawu watengera zomvetsa za tiyi wobiriwira nthawi zambiri ndipo suli uphungu wachipatala. Musamamwe popanda chakudya; m’malo mwake, mwani patatha ola limodzi mutadya. Mukamamwa mankhwala — patulani kwa osachepera ola limodzi. Mulingo watsiku ndi tsiku — osapitirira 500 ml.

9. Kusakaniza:

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–90 °C kwa tiyi wamba; 80 °C kwa kalasi yapamwamba. Madzi abwino kwambiri ndi a m’kasupe wamapiri (山泉水).

• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml (chiŵerengero 1:50).

• Zombo: Kapu yagalasi (玻璃杯) — kuti muone kutseguka kwa masamba; gaiwan ya china yoyera (白瓷盖碗) — kuti musonkhanitse fungo.

• Ndondomeko:

  1. Yatsani zombozo ndi madzi otentha ndipo mudzitsanule.
  2. Tsanulani madzi a kutentha koyenera mpaka 2/3 ya kuchuluka kwake.
  3. Onjezani tiyi — njira ya “kuthira pamwamba” (上投法, shàng tóu fǎ): choyamba madzi, kenako tiyi.
  4. Kusakaniza koyamba — masekondi 90.
  5. Kotsatira — chepetsani mpaka masekondi 60. Atha kusakanizidwa mobwerezabwereza 5–7.

• Cholemba: Tiyi Wobiriwira wa Sanjiang amadziwika ndi kupirira kwake kosangalatsa kusakanizidwa — ndi imodzi mwa tiyi obiriwira okhala ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha madzi okwanira (mpaka 7).

10. Kasungidwe:

• Kutentha: 0–5 °C (mufiriji) — kofunikira kwa tiyi wobiriwira wamasika.
• Zotengera: Zotseka bwino za vacuum kapena za zojambulazo.
• Kuwala: Sungani mumdima wathunthu.
• Funso: Tetezani ku zakudya zokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu.
• Nthawi: Mpaka miyezi 12 ngati zasungidwa bwino. Amalimbikitsidwa kuti amwe posachedwa kuti asangalale ndi fungo lathunthu la chiponde — pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, fungo limayamba kufewa.

11. Mtengo ndi Zopeka:

Tiyi Wobiriwira wa Sanjiang ndi tiyi wokhala ndi mitengo yambiri. Magulu apamwamba amasika (makamaka “Wǔniú-zǎo Lóngjǐng,” yoyamba kwambiri) amawononga 500–800 yuan/jīn; Máojiān wamba wa kalasi yoyamba — 200–400 yuan/jīn; tiyi wochuluka — amapezeka pa mtengo wogwirika. Mitundu yayikulu ndi: “Dòngměi Xiānchí” (侗美仙池), “Sānjiāng Chūn” (三江春), “Bùyāng” (布央). M’derali, pali zizindikiro zamalonda za tiyi zolembetsedwa 436.

• Momwe mungapewere zopeka:

  • Onani ngati pali chizindikiro cha malo odziwika (地理标志专用标志) — chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabizinesi 12 ovomerezeka m’derali.
  • Onani kukhuthala ndi kulemera kwa tiyi: tiyi weniweni wa Sanjiang wochokera ku malo okwezeka ali ndi mphukira “zokhuthala, zofewa” (条索厚重), zomwe sizichitika ndi zopeka zochokera ku zigwa.
  • Yang’anani fungo la chiponde (栗香高锐) — liyenera kukhala lapamwamba ndi lomveka bwino.
  • Madzi — achikasu-wobiriwira, owonekera. Madzi a matope kapena opanda potha ndi chizindikiro cha kusokoneza luso.
  • Kupirira: tiyi weniweni wa Sanjiang umapirira kusakanizidwa 5–7; kutha msanga pambuyo pa 2–3 kumayenera kukayikitsa.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

• “Tiyi Yoyamba Yam’mawa Yoyambirira ku China”: Chifukwa cha cultivar yoyamba kwambiri ya Fúyún 6 komanso nyengo yofunda ya sub-tropical, Sanjiang imayamba kukolola kumapeto kwa January — masiku oposa 20 patsogolo pa madera ena a tiyi m’dzikolo. Uwu ndi dzina lovomerezeka lolembedwa ndi boma la Guangxi.

• Mwala wa “Ndalama Zamaluwa Zikwi Ziwiri”: Mwala wa 1881 m’chigawo cha Tónglè ndi chimodzi mwa zikalata zochepa za nthawi ya Qing zomwe zimalemba chigamulo chokhudza kuba masamba a tiyi. Chindapusa cha “huāhóng èrqiān” (花红二千) panthawiyo chinali ndalama yaikulu.

• Yóuchá — “tiyi wamafuta” wa a Dong: Ku Sanjiang, tiyi amamwetsedwa osati mwa kusakaniza kwenikweni kokha, komanso ngati yóuchá (油茶) wokhuthala wamafuta: masamba a tiyi amawotchedwa ndi mpunga, chiponde ndi ginger m’mphika wachitsulo wokhala ndi mafuta, kenako amatsanulidwa madzi otentha ndi kusefedwa. Yóuchá ndi maziko a chakudya cham’mawa cha a Dong komanso gawo lofunikira la kuchereza alendo.

• Anthu 300,000 m’makampani a tiyi: Makampani a tiyi a Sanjiang ndi aakulu kwambiri ku Guangxi, akuphatikiza anthu pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nzika za m’deralo. Tiyi yakhala chida chachikulu chothana ndi umphawi (脱贫攻坚) m’derali — ndalama za pafupifupi za nzika za Bùyāng zinakwera kuchoka pa 8,153 yuan (2012) kufika pa 20,000+ yuan (2021).

• Tinyumba ta nyenyezi paminda ya tiyi: Phiri la Xiānrén Shān la Bùyāng (4A zone kuyambira 2018) limapereka mwayi wogona mu “tinyumba ta nyenyezi tamatabwa” (星空木屋) pakati pa minda ya tiyi pa utali wa 800 m — amodzi mwa malo opatsa chidwi kwambiri ojambulidwa a tiyi kum’mwera kwa China.

• Mitundu 436 ya tiyi m’dera limodzi: Sanjiang ndi malo osungira zizindikiro zambiri zolembetsedwa za tiyi pakati pa madera a tiyi ku China. Pokhala ndi nzika pafupifupi 400,000, padera limeneli pali mitundu 436 ya tiyi ndi mafakitale okonza tiyi 490 — makampani a tiyi amalowa mbali iliyonse ya moyo.

• Nyimbo zambirimbiri za a Dong ndi tiyi: Mtundu wa Dong ndi umodzi mwa mafuko ochepa padziko lapansi omwe asungabe mwambo woyimba nyimbo zolimba zamagulu ambiri opanda mtsogoleri (侗族大歌, Dòngzú Dàgē, mu mndandanda wa UNESCO). Pa zikondwerero za tiyi ku Bùyāng, kukolola tiyi kumatsagana ndi nyimbo zambirimbiri — zomwe zimapereka chokumana nacho chapadera chomwe chimagwirizanitsa malo a mawu ndi kakomedwe.

13. Kufanizira ndi tiyi ena obiriwira a ku Guangxi ndi dera:

• Língyún Lǜchá (凌云绿茶): Guangxi, dera la Língyún. Komanso lalitali (800–1,500 m), koma lochokera ku cultivar Língyún Bái Háo (凌云白毫). Kamvekedwe kake ndi kocheperako, ka “maluwa,” kopanda chiponde kwambiri. Sanjiang ndi yothina komanso “yolimba” m’thupi; imapambana poyamba kukolola.

• Guìlín Máojiān (桂尾毛尖): Guangxi, Guìlín. Wapakati pa mapiri, wokhala ndi selenium yochuluka. Mawonekedwe — “nkhokwe” zochepa thupi. Sanjiang ndi yosiyanasiyana m’maonekedwe (lóngjǐng, bìluóchūn, máojiān) ndi yokhala ndi chiponde chomveka bwino.

• Dōuyún Máojiān (都匀毛尖): Guizhou, Dōuyún. Mmodzi mwa “Tiyi Khumi Otchuka a China.” Mawonekedwe — mabowo owundana, okhotakhota okhala ndi ziweto zambiri. Kukoma — “kobiriwirabiriwira” kwambiri, komanso “kobiriwira,” kocheperako chiponde. Sanjiang ili ndi kamvekedwe kotentha, ka “mchere” ndi kupirira kokwanira (5–7 vs 3–4 madzi).

• Xīhú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井): Zhejiang. Chitsanzo cha tiyi wobiriwira wathyathyathya. Ma polyphenols ~25% vs 28% ku Sanjiang; fungo — chiponde-mchere, koma “louma” kwambiri. Lóngjǐng waku Sanjiang ndi wofewa ndi wotsekemera chifukwa cha nyengo ya sub-tropical; nthawi yomweyo, kupirira kusakaniza (5–7 madzi) kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa Lóng Jǐng yachikale (3–4). Phindu la mtengo wa Sanjiang limapangitsa kuti likhale losankhika kwa omwa tsiku ndi tsiku.

M’malo Mwake:

Tiyi Wobiriwira wa Sanjiang ndi tiyi yomwe chilengedwe chakum’mwera kwa China ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu a Dong zikulumikizana mokwanira. Nsonga zoyambirira zam’mawa zochokera m’mapiri achifungo a Xiānrén Shān, zokololedwa ndi manja a azimayi a Dong ali ndi nyimbo zambirimbiri, zimasanduka tiyi wokhala ndi fungo lalitali la chiponde, kukoma kwatsopano ndi kupirira kodabwitsa — mpaka madzi asanu ndi awiri okwanira, chomwe si chofala kwa tiyi wobiriwira. Kuno, tiyi si chakumwa chabe, koma njira ya moyo: amaphika ndi mafuta pa chakudya cham’mawa, amaperekedwa pa “phwando la mabanja zana” ndipo amawalandirira alendo oyambirira a masika, pamene China yonse ikudikirabe kutentha. Sakani madzi pa 80 °C mu kapu yagalasi — ndipo penyani mmene nsonga zokhuthala, “zofewa” zimatsegukira pang’onopang’ono, kutulutsa madzi fungo loyamba la chiponde la masika a Sanjiang.