Rénhuà Yín Háo · new.thetea.app

Rénhuà Yín Háo (仁化银毫, Rénhuà yín háo) ndi tii wobiriwira wa kumapiri aatali, wa mtundu wa hōngqīng (烘青绿茶, hōngqīng lǜchá), wochokera ku chigawo cha Rénhuà (仁化县) m’chigawo cha Guangdong, wopangidwa m’mphepete mwa phiri la Dānxiáshān (丹霞山) — malo omwe analembedwa pa World Heritage Site ya UNESCO (2010). Tiiyu amadziwika ndi dzina lake lakale la “Báimáochá” (白毛茶, “Tii wa Ubweya Woyera”) kuyambira mu nthawi ya Ming (《嘉靖仁化县志》), ndipo anakhala “gòngchá” (贡茶) wa mzera wa Qing mu nthawi ya Jiāqìng (嘉庆, 1796–1820) ndipo anawerengedwa m’gulu la “zinthu zitatu zamtengo wapatali za Rénhuà” (仁化三宝) pamodzi ndi maluwa a orchid ndi bowa wa xiānggū. Chizindikiro chake chachikulu cha kumva ndi fungo la maluwa a orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng), lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha mtundu wapadera wa malo otchedwa “Rénhuà Báimáochá Qúntǐzhǒng” (仁化白毛茶群体种) — mtengo waukulu wa tii wamasamba akuluakulu wokhala ndi ubweya wochuluka kwambiri. Ukadaulo wake umaphatikizapo machitidwe 28, ndipo chofunika kwambiri ndi “cuōtiáo tíháo” (搓条提毫, “kupotoza ndi kukweza ubweya”) — kumene kumangochitika ndi manja, pogwiritsa ntchito zida za nsungwi ndi matabwa basi (popanda chitsulo, pofuna kupewa kutenthedwa kwa mpweya). Mu 1990, tiiyu adakhala “chakudya chobiriwira” chovomerezeka cha Masewera a Asia a ku Beijing.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tii wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), wosapatsidwa chofufumitsa. Ndi tii woumitsidwa ndi mpweya wotentha (烘青绿茶, hōngqīng lǜchá). Maonekedwe ake ndi ngati singano (针芽状, zhēnyá zhuàng): owongoka, oonda, okutidwa ndi ubweya wa siliva.
Gulu: Ndi chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo ake ku China (国家农产品地理标志产品). Mulingo wa malo ndi DB4402/T 10-2021 (韶关市). Cholowa chamakhalidwe osagwirika — ndi ukadaulo wa machitidwe 28. Ndi chimodzi mwa “zinthu zitatu zamtengo wapatali za Rénhuà” (仁化三宝). “Tii Wotchuka wa Guangdong” (广东省优质名茶, 1988). Chakudya chobiriwira cha Masewera a Asia a ku Beijing (北京亚运会指定绿色食品, 1990). Mendulo ya golidi pa Chiwonetsero Chachikulu cha Zinthu Za M’nkhalango ndi Zapadera (全国林业特优新产品博览会金奖, 1994). Mendulo ya golidi pa mpikisano wa “Guangdong Míng Chá” (广东省名茶金奖, 2002). Malo oyamba pakati pa tii wa ubweya woyera ku China (中国三大白毛茶之首).
Chiyambi: China, m’chigawo cha Guangdong (广东省, Guǎngdōng Shěng), mumzinda wa Sháoguān (韶关市, Sháoguān Shì), m’chigawo cha Rénhuà (仁化县, Rénhuà Xiàn). Pakati pa kupanga ndi m’tauni ya Hóngshān (红山镇, Hóngshān Zhèn), yomwe inapatsidwa dzina loti “Kwawo kwa Tii wa Ubweya Woyera ku China” (中国白毛茶之乡), m’mphepete mwa phiri la Huánglǐngzhàng (黄岭嶂, 800–1000 m), komanso m’tauni ya Chéngkǒu (城口镇) ndi dera lamitambo lozungulira phiri la Dānxiáshān.
Malo (mtunda): Pafupifupi 25°05′ N, 113°45′ E (dera la phiri la Dānxiáshān: 24°51′–25°04′ N, 113°36′–113°48′ E).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri:

Ming — zolemba zoyamba. Mu “Jiājìng Rénhuà Xiànzhì” (《嘉靖仁化县志》, cha m’zaka za zana la 16), tii wa kumaloko anafotokozedwa: “青茶、黄茶、甜茶、苦茶” — “wobiriwira, wachikasu, wotsekemera, wowawa”. Pansi pa “青茶” pali chithunzi cha Rénhuà Yín Háo chamakono. Mu “Kāngxī Rénhuà Xiànzhì” (《康熙仁化县志》), anatchulidwira mwachindunji “白毛茶” (Báimáochá) kuchokera kumapiri a Huánglǐngzhàng, omwe amadziwikanso kuti “Yúnwù Báiháo” (云雾白毫, “Ubweya Woyera wa M’mitambo”).

Qing — “gòngchá” ndi “zinthu zitatu zamtengo wapatali.” Mu nthawi ya Jiāqìng (嘉庆, 1796–1820), Báimáochá adakhala “gòngchá” (贡茶) — tii woperekedwa ku bwalo lachifumu. Iye adalowa mgulu la “zinthu zitatu zamtengo wapatali za Rénhuà” (仁化三宝): maluwa a orchid (兰花), bowa wa xiānggū (香菇) ndi báimáochá (白毛茶). N’zodabwitsa kuti fungo la orchid la tiiyu limagwirizana ndi “chinthu choyamba” — maluwa a orchid amoyo.

Kuzindikirika kwamakono (1988 — mpaka pano). Mu 1988 — dzina “Tii Wotchuka wa Guangdong” (广东省优质名茶). Mu 1989 — chiphaso cha Chiwonetsero Chachikulu Chogulitsa kunja kwa China (全国出口展品荣誉). Mu 1990 — udindo wa “chakudya chobiriwira cha Masewera a Asia a ku Beijing” (北京亚运会指定绿色食品) — masewera oyamba apadziko lonse omwe anachitikira ku China. Mu 1992 — dzina lobwerezabwereza la “Tii Wotchuka wa Guangdong”. Mu 1994 — golidi pa Chiwonetsero Chachikulu cha M’nkhalango cha China. Mu 2002 — golidi pa “Guangdong Míng Chá”. Ukadaulo wopanga (machitidwe 28) adalandira udindo wa cholowa chamakhalidwe osagwirika. Mu 2021, mulingo wa malo wa DB4402/T 10-2021 “Chizindikiro cha Malo — Rénhuà Báimáochá” unakhazikitsidwa.
Dzina:
- “Rénhuà” (仁化) — dzina la chigawo. Chizindikiro “仁” (rén, “kukoma mtima, chifundo”) + “化” (huà, “kusintha, kuunikira”).
- “Yín Háo” (银毫) — “Ubweya wa Siliva” — kufotokoza ubweya wochuluka wa siliva womwe umakutira tsamba la tii. Dzina lakale — “Báimáochá” (白毛茶, “Tii wa Ubweya Woyera”). Dzina lina lamalonda — “Dānxiáshān Yínháo” (丹霞银毫, “Ubweya wa Siliva wa Dānxiáshān”).
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Rénhuà Yín Háo amagwirizana kwambiri ndi phiri la Dānxiáshān (丹霞山) — chitsanzo chabwino cha mtundu wa “dānxiá” wa maonekedwe a nthaka (miyala yofiira yopangidwa ndi miyala yosanjikana), yomwe inapatsidwa dzina lochokera pa phiri limeneli. Dānxiáshān ndi malo a World Heritage a UNESCO kuyambira mu 2010 komanso malo oyamba padziko lonse a geopark a UNESCO kuyambira mu 2004. Minda ya tii m’dera lamitambo la Dānxiáshān ndi amodzi mwa malo okongola kwambiri a tii ku Guangdong. Dzina lenilenilo “丹霞” (“Kuwala Kwafiira”) limachokera pa chithunzithunzi chandakatulo: “色如渥丹，灿若明霞” — “mtundu ngati cinabari wakuda, wowala ngati kuwala kwa mbandakucha.”

3. Kufotokoza Za Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu / Cultivar: Rénhuà Báimáochá Qúntǐzhǒng (仁化白毛茶群体种) — mtundu wa malo a Camellia sinensis var. pubilimba (Hung T. Chang). Mtundu wake ndi wamtengo / wamtengo pang’ono (乔木/半乔木型), wamasamba akuluakulu. Kutalika kwa mtengo m’mikhalidwe yachilengedwe — 5–6 m. Masamba aang’ono amakutidwa kwambiri ndi ubweya wa imvi za siliva. Masamba ndi ofewa, aatali, 12–21 cm kutalika, 4–5.5 cm m’lifupi. Amaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri: báimáo wamasamba akuluakulu (大叶白毛) ndi báimáo wamasamba apakati (中叶白毛). Mafotokozedwe a biochemical: polyphenols (tii) — 33,83–42,84%, ma amino acid — 3,68–3,92%, caffeine — 4,66–5,5%, zinthu zotuluka m’madzi — ≥45,03% — zizindikiro zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zimapereka thupi lolimba limodzi ndi kutsitsimula kwakukulu.
Kukolola: Kuyambira pa equinox ya masika (春分, Chūnfēn, pafupifupi 21 March) mpaka Qīngmíng (清明, Qīngmíng, pafupifupi 5 April). Ndi manja. Tii wokololedwa Qīngmíng asanafike — “Qīngmíngchá” (清明茶) — amaonedwa kuti ndi wofunika kwambiri.
Mulingo wa kukolola ndi magulu:
- Yín Háo / Báimáo Jiān (银毫/白毛尖, Yín Háo / Bái Máo Jiān): Kamphuno kamodzi kapena kamphuno kamodzi + tsamba limodzi. Ubweya umakutira ≥90% ya pamwamba. Fungo la orchid — lapamwamba. Mtengo — kuyambira 800 yuan pa 500 g.
- Báimáochá (白毛茶, Bái Máo Chá): Kamphuno kamodzi + masamba awiri. Ubweya — 70–90%.
- Wūzǐ Báimáo (乌紫白毛, Wūzǐ Bái Máo): Kamphuno kamodzi + masamba awiri kapena atatu. Ubweya — 50–70%. Kukoma kwake ndi kolimba, “kwachimuna,” ndi kuwawa kowoneka.
- Huángké (黄壳, Huángké): Tsamba lokhwima. Ubweya ≤50%. Gulu lalikulu la ogula tsiku ndi tsiku.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Nyengo: Ya subtropical monsoon. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka — 19,6°C. Mvula — 1665 mm/pachaka. Chiwerengero cha masiku a chifungafunga — 200 pa chaka. Kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku ndi kwakukulu, zomwe zimathandiza kusonkhanitsa zinthu zonunkhira. Kuwala kosalunjika kumalimbikitsa kusonkhanitsa kwa ma amino acid (≥3,10% mu tii wa masika) ndipo kumachepetsa kupangidwa kwa ma catechin, kumachepetsa kuwawa.
Kutalika: Pakati — 700–1000 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Phiri la Huánglǐngzhàng (黄岭嶂, 800–1000 m) limakutidwa ndi nkhalango yoyamba ya subtropical. Minda ya tii ili m’dera la “mitambo” (云雾带), kumene kumakhala chifunga pafupifupi tsiku lililonse.
Nthaka: Nthaka zachikasu ndi zofiira (黄壤、红壤, pH 4,5–6,0), zopangidwa pa miyala ya dānxiá (yofiira yosanjikana). Ndi zolemera ndi organic matter. Zimakhala ndi selenium — Se 0,15–0,35 mg/kg — dera lachilengedwe la selenium. Minda ya tii ili m’dera lotetezedwa la madzi, popanda manyowa opangidwa ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo — ndi ulimi wosavulaza chilengedwe.
Zachilengedwe: Derali lili m’dera la buffer la geopark ya Dānxiáshān. Nkhalango zimakutira 80%. Kuyandikana ndi miyala yofiira ya dānxiá kumapanga kanjira kakang’ono kapadera: miyala imasunga kutentha masana nkumamasula usiku, zomwe zimachepetsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha ndikusunga chinyezi.

5. Ukadaulo Wopanga:

Rénhuà Yín Háo amapangidwa ndi ukadaulo wapadera wa machitidwe 28 (非遗28道工序, fēi yí èrshíbā dào gōngxù), womwe walandira udindo wa cholowa chamakhalidwe osagwirika. Magawo ofunika:

Kuyala (摊放, tānfàng): Maola 4–8 pansi pa mthunzi. Masamba amataya chinyezi pang’ono ndikuyamba kupanga zinthu zoyambitsira fungo.
“Kupha zobiriwira” (杀青, shāqīng): M’chiwaya chachitsulo chosanjikana, kutentha — 180°C. Njira ya “kuponya + kutenthetsa” (扬焖结合, yáng mèn jiéhé) — kusinthana pakati pa “kotseguka” kuponya tsamba kuti chinyezi chituluke ndi “kotsekedwa” kutenthetsa pansi pa chivindikiro kuti itenthe bwino masamba akuluakulu aakulu. Njira yophatikizayi imatsimikizira kuti ma enzyme adzimitsidwa mokwanira popanda “kuwotcha” ubweya wofewawo.
Kupotoza (揉捻, róuniǎn): “Kupotoza kwa mpira + kupotoza kokankha mosinthana” (团揉推揉交替, tuánróu tuīróu jiāotì) — kupanga “singano” yolimba kuchokera pa tsamba.
“Kupotoza ndi kukweza ubweya” (搓条提毫, cuōtiáo tíháo): Ntchito yapakati ya ukadaulo onse — kupanga kwa manja: tsamba limapotozedwa kukhala “singano” yowongoka, pamene ubweya wa siliva “umakwezedwa” pamwamba, nkupanga kuwala kwa “siliva” kooneka. Zimangochitika ndi manja — mmisiri amayang’anira mphamvu ya zala kuti asathyole ubweya.
Kuumitsa (烘干, hōnggān): M’thumba la nsungwi (竹焙笼, zhú bèi lǒng), kutentha — 90–95°C. Ntchito yonse kuyambira kukolola mpaka kuumitsa komaliza imachitika ndi zida za nsungwi ndi matabwa basi — popanda chitsulo — kuti apewe kutha kwa mpweya komwe kumawononga mafuta ofewa ofunika omwe amapereka fungo la orchid.
Kuumitsa komaliza (足干, zúgān): Mpaka chinyezi chikhale ≤5%.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva:

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: “Singano” zowongoka, zonda (挺直似针), zokutidwa ndi ubweya wochuluka wa siliva (绿润披银毫). Mtundu — wobiriwira watsopano ndi kuwala kwa “mame” (鲜润). Kukula kwake n’kofanana — kuyambira 1,5 mpaka 2,5 cm.
Fungo la tsamba louma: Loyera, lapamwamba, lokhala ndi kamvekedwe kake ka maluwa. Ngakhale pakuma, kamvekedwe ka orchid kamadziwika.
Fungo la madzi: La orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng) — chizindikiro cha tii, “siginecha” ya ukadaulo wa machitidwe 28. Loyera, lokhazikika, “lachete” (清幽带兰花香). Kwa tii wachinyamata, watsopano — lokhala ndi kamvekedwe kowonjezera kwa udzu womwe wangodulidwa kumene (清香). Fungo lake ndi lofewa, losaukira — “limayandama,” osati “kukumenya m’mphuno.”
Kukoma: Kwatsopano (鲜爽), kotsekemera-mofewa (甘醇). Kuwawa pang’ono, komasintha mwachangu kukhala kutsekemera kokhazikika (微涩速化). Thupi — lapakati, “la silika,” lokutira. Kukoma kotsatira — kwakutali, ndi kamvekedwe ka kutsekemera kwa orchid. Kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid (≥3,92%) kumapereka “kukoma” kwamphamvu (鲜味).
Mtundu wa madzi: Oyera, owoneka bwino, obiriwira achikasu (明净清澈, 黄绿透亮). Kamvekedwe kakang’ono ka “uchi” pa gulu lapamwamba.
Pansi pa tii (tsamba lopangidwa): Lobiriwira lofewa, lofanana. Masamba aang’ono — athunthu, “amoyo” (芽尖鲜活), ndi ubweya wosungidwa bwino. Akapangidwa mu galasi, “singano” zimayimirira mozungulira — chochitika chowoneka chosangalatsa (芽叶竖立).

7. Magulu a Mankhwala:

Polyphenols: 33,83–42,84% (malinga ndi data ya Guangdong Tea Research Institute, 1996; malinga ndi gulu ndi njira yoyezera — yowuma / yatsopano). Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa tii wobiriwira wa ku China, chofanana ndi tii wina waku Yunnan wamasamba akuluakulu. Kuchuluka kwa EGCG (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) — mpaka 141 mg/g — chizindikiro chapadera cha mphamvu ya antioxidant.
Amino acids: 3,68–3,92% — kwambiri kuposa avareji ya tii wobiriwira (mtengo wokhazikika ~2%). L-theanine — amino acid yaikulu, yomwe imapereka kukoma kwatsopano, kotsekemera komanso zotsatira zopumula.
Caffeine: 4,66–5,5% — kuchuluka kwakukulu, komwe kumadziwika kwa mitundu ya masamba akuluakulu. Amapereka mphamvu yolonjeza.
Zinthu zotuluka m’madzi: ≥45,03% — “kukhutitsidwa” kwakukulu kwa madzi.
Mafuta ofunika (醚浸出物): 2,78% — kuchuluka kwakukulu, maziko a fungo la orchid.
Selenium (Se): 0,15–0,35 mg/kg — kuchokera m’nthaka ya dera la selenium la dānxiá. Kulemera kwachilengedwe popanda zowonjezera zopangira.
Mavitamini: C (ascorbic acid), gulu B (B₁, B₂), carotenoids.
Maminerolo: K (potaziyamu), Mg (magnesiamu), Zn (zinki), F (fluoridi), Mn (manganese).

8. Ubwino Wathanzi:

Mphamvu ya antioxidant: Polyphenols mpaka 42,84% ndi kuchuluka kwapamwamba kwa EGCG (141 mg/g) — imodzi mwa ma antioxidant amphamvu achilengedwe. Amachepetsa ma free radicals, amachedwetsa njira ya kukalamba kwa maselo.
Kupatsa mphamvu: Caffeine (4,66–5,5%) pamodzi ndi L-theanine amapereka mphamvu yofewa, yokhalitsa popanda kukwera kwakukulu kapena “kugwa” — zomwe zimatchedwa “mphamvu yomveka.”
Thandizo la michere: Selenium wachilengedwe (0,15–0,35 mg/kg) — michere yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya chithokomiro ndi chitetezo chamthupi. Zinki amathandiza kukonzanso minofu ndi chitetezo chamthupi.
Thandizo la metabolism ya mafuta: Ma catechin, makamaka EGCG, amathandiza kukhazikitsa mulingo wa cholesterol ndikusunga metabolism yathanzi ya mafuta.
Thandizo la chakudya: Polyphenols amalimbikitsa kuyenda kwa matumbo, ndipo caffeine amawonjezera kutuluka kwa madzi a m’mimba, zomwe zimathandiza kugaya chakudya pambuyo pa chakudya chamafuta.
Chitetezo cha pakamwa: Fluoridi amalimbitsa khungu la mano, ndipo polyphenols amakhala ndi mphamvu yoletsa mabakiteriya, amaletsa mabakiteriya oyambitsa kuwola kwa mano.
Thandizo la ubongo: L-theanine amalimbikitsa kupanga mafunde a ubongo a alpha, amapangitsa kukhala watcheru ndi kuphunzira, kwinaku akuchepetsa nkhawa.
Thandizo la mtima ndi mitsempha: Ma catechin amathandiza kukhazikika kwa mitsempha ndikusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

9. Kuphika:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 85–90°C. Osapitirira 90°C — kutentha kwambiri kumawononga kamvekedwe ka orchid ndikuwononga ubweya wofewa, kupangitsa madzi kukhala osawala.
Kuchuluka kwa tii: 3 g pa 150 ml (chiyerekezo 1:50).
Zida: Galasi (imalimbikitsidwa pa gulu lapamwamba — kuwona “singano zoyimirira,” 芽叶竖立, ndi chimodzi mwazosangalatsa) kapena gàiwǎn woyera wa porcelain (盖碗). Sizikulimbikitsidwa dongo la Yíxīng — limayamwa fungo la orchid losalimba.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsani chida ndi madzi otentha, tayani madziwo.
2. Thirani tii.
3. Njira ya galasi: Thirani madzi a 85–90°C, siyani kwa mphindi 2–3. Yang’anani “singano” zoyimirira mozungulira — “nkhalango ya siliva” yaing’ono. Onjezani madzi mukamwa 2/3 ya galasi. Imapirira kuthiriridwa katatu kapena kanayi.
4. Njira ya gàiwǎn: Kutsuka — masekondi 5, tayani. Kuthira koyamba — masekondi 20. Kuthira kotsatira kulikonse — +10 masekondi. Imapirira kuthiriridwa 4–5.
Madzi: Madzi amchere ofewa kapena osefedwa ndi TDS 50–150 mg/l amalimbikitsidwa.

10. Kusunga:

Chidebe: Kupakira kosindikizidwa — matumba osakaniza mpweya kapena mifuko yokhala ndi zivindikiro ziwiri. Chojambulira cha aluminiyamu mkati — chotchinga chowonjezera ku kuwala ndi chinyezi.
Kutentha: Firiji, 0–5°C — n’kofunikira kusunga fungo la orchid.
Nthawi: Tii watsopano — “mpumulo” (退火, tuìhuǒ) masiku 7–15 pambuyo popanga musanamwe. Mutatsegula paketi yosindikizidwa — muyenera kumwa mkati mwa masiku 10 (.). Fungo la orchid limasowa mwachangu kwambiri ndipo limawonongeka mukakumana ndi mpweya mofulumira kuposa tii wina wambiri wobiriwira.
Adani a tii: Chinyezi (>60%), fungo lachilendo, kuwala kwadzuwa, kutentha kopitirira 10°C. Osasunga pafupi ndi zakudya zonunkhira kwambiri.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Gulu la mtengo:
- Gulu lapamwamba (特级, Yín Háo / Báimáo Jiān): kuyambira 800 yuan pa 500 g (~7200 rubles).
- Gulu loyamba (一级, Báimáochá): 300–600 yuan pa 500 g.
- Gulu lachiwiri (二级, Wūzǐ Báimáo): 100–300 yuan pa 500 g.
Zomwe zimakhudza mtengo: Mulingo wa zopangira (kamphuno vs. tsamba), kutalika kwa malo (phiri la Huánglǐngzhàng — ndi lokwera mtengo), kukolola ndi manja vs. makina, tsiku la kukolola (Qīngmíng asanafike — ndi premium).
Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
- Fungo la orchid — silingathe kupangidwa. Rénhuà Yín Háo weniweni amakhala ndi fungo loyera, lokhazikika la maluwa, osati la “mafuta onunkhira.”
- Maonekedwe — “singano” zowongoka, zonda za 1,5–2,5 cm ndi ubweya wochuluka wa siliva. Zonyenga — zopotoka, zosafanana, ndi ubweya wochepa.
- Madzi — oyera, owoneka bwino, obiriwira achikasu. Madzi osawala kapena akuda ndi chizindikiro cha chinyengo kapena tii wakale.
- Kupirira kuphika — tii weniweni amapirira kuthiriridwa 4–5. Chonyenga “chimagonja” pambuyo pa 2.
- Mtengo — mtengo wotsika wokayikitsa (wosakwana 100 yuan pa 500 g ya “高级品”) — ndi chitsimikizo chotsimikizika cha chinyengo.

12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:

UNESCO ndi tii. Minda ya tii ya Rénhuà ili m’dera lamitambo la phiri la Dānxiáshān — malo a World Heritage a UNESCO (2010) ndi malo oyamba padziko lonse a geopark a UNESCO (2004). Mtundu wa “dānxiá” wa maonekedwe a nthaka — umodzi mwa mawonekedwe a nthaka omwe amavomerezedwa ndi gulu lapadziko lonse la sayansi ya nthaka — unapatsidwa dzina lochokera pa phiri limeneli ku Rénhuà.
“Zinthu zitatu zamtengo wapatali za Rénhuà.” Báimáochá, maluwa a orchid ndi bowa wa xiānggū — “仁化三宝.” N’zodabwitsa kuti fungo la orchid la tiiyu limagwirizana ndi “chinthu choyamba” — maluwa a orchid amoyo, omwe amamera pamalo omwewo a Dānxiáshān. Uku sikungochitika mwangozi: mafuta ofunika omwe amapanga fungo la orchid la tii ali pang’ono m’magulu omwewo a mankhwala (linalool, geraniol) monga zinthu zonunkhira za maluwa a orchid.
Machitidwe 28, ziro chitsulo. Ntchito yonse — kuyambira kukolola mpaka kuumitsa komaliza — imachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zida za nsungwi ndi matabwa basi. Chitsulo chilibe, pofuna kupewa kutha kwa mpweya: ma ion a chitsulo ndi amkuwa ngakhale pang’ono amafulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa ma polyphenols ndi mafuta ofunika, kuwononga fungo losalimba la orchid.
Chakudya chobiriwira cha Masewera a Asia. Mu 1990, Rénhuà Yín Háo adakhala amodzi mwa “zakudya zobiriwira” zovomerezeka za Masewera a XI a Asia ku Beijing — masewera oyamba apadziko lonse omwe anachitikira ku China. Udindo umenewu unapangitsa tiiyo kudziwika padziko lonse ngakhale nthawi ya malonda a pa intaneti isanayambe.
Ma polyphenols opambana. Kuchuluka kwa polyphenols mpaka 42,84% (malinga ndi kafukufuku wovomerezeka) ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa tii wobiriwira padziko lonse lapansi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ma amino acid (3,68–3,92%) amapereka kufewa, kosadziwika kwa tii wokhala ndi polyphenols ochuluka chonchi. Kuphatikiza kwamwayi kumeneku ndi chifukwa cha cultivar yapadera var. pubilimba ndi malo a dānxiá.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tii Wina Wobiriwira:

Nánshān Báimáochá (南山白毛茶, Nánshān Bái Máo Chá) — tii wobiriwira wa ubweya woyera wochokera ku chigawo cha Héngxiàn (横县), Guangxi. Ndi wachiwiri mwa “tii atatu akuluakulu a ubweya woyera ku China.” Fungo lake — lachilengedwe la lotus (荷花香), mosiyana ndi la orchid la Rénhuà. Mtundu wa tchire, wamasamba apakati — thupi la madzi ndi lopepuka. Analandira mendulo ya siliva pa Chiwonetsero cha Panama-Pacific mu 1915.
Lèchāng Báimáochá (乐昌白毛茶, Lèchāng Bái Máo Chá) — tii wa ubweya woyera wochokera kuchigawo choyandikana cha Lèchāng (乐昌), komanso ku Sháoguān, Guangdong. Wachtatu mwa “tii atatu a ubweya woyera.” Mtundu wofanana, koma malo ake ndi osiyana — malo otsika, chifunga chochepa. Fungo lake — lofatsa, lopanda kamvekedwe ka orchid kowoneka.
Xìnyáng Máo Jiān (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máo Jiān) — tii wotchuka wokhala ndi ubweya wochokera ku Henan. Mtundu wa tchire wa masamba ang’onoang’ono — kukoma kwake n’kosiyana kotheratu: kowawa kwambiri, ndi fungo la mabokosi, kopanda kamvekedwe ka maluwa. Ukadaulo — ndi kuwotcha m’chiwaya (炒青), osati kuumitsa ndi mpweya wotentha.
Jūnshān Yínzhēn (君山银针, Jūnshān Yínzhēn) — “Singano ya Siliva” yotchuka yochokera kunyanja ya Dòngtínghú, Hunan. Mwadongosolo — ndi tii wachikasu (黄茶), osati wobiriwira. Maonekedwe ofanana a singano, ubweya wochuluka — koma kukoma n’kosiyana kotheratu: “lozungulira” kwambiri, ndi kutsekemera kwa mtedza popanda kamvekedwe ka orchid.
Báiháo Yínzhēn (白毫银针, Báiháo Yínzhēn) — “Singano za Siliva” zochokera ku Fujian — ndi tii woyera, osati wobiriwira. Maonekedwe ofanana (ubweya wochuluka, mawonekedwe a singano), koma ukadaulo wosiyana (kufota, popanda “kupha zobiriwira”). Kukoma — kofewa, “kochita ngati mkaka,” kopanda kamvekedwe ka zobiriwira zatsopano.

Pomaliza:

Rénhuà Yín Háo — tii wokhala ndi mzimu wa orchid ndi thupi la siliva, wobadwira m’mitambo ya phiri la Dānxiáshān — malo a World Heritage a UNESCO. Ukadaulo wake wa machitidwe 28, wochitidwa ndi zida za nsungwi basi popanda kukhudza chitsulo, si wakale, koma ndi chisankho chodziwa: fungo la orchid ndi losalimba kwambiri moti kutha kwa mpweya kulikonse kumawononga. Mu kapu — kutsitsimuka koyera ndi mzere wa maluwa, kutsekemera kofewa ndi madzi oyezera, momwe “singano” za siliva zimayimirira molunjika, ngati nkhalango ya nsungwi yaing’ono. Woyamba pakati pa tii wa ubweya woyera ku China, msonkho wa bwalo lachifumu la mzera wa Qing, “chakudya chobiriwira” cha Masewera a Asia a ku Beijing — Rénhuà Yín Háo amaphatikiza mbiri ya zaka mazana asanu ndi fungo lamoyo, lonjenjemera lomwe limasowa patatha masiku khumi mutatsegula paketi. Tii wa iwo amene amayamikira kufewa ndi kufupikira — ndipo amatha kumwa tii akadali “kupuma.”