Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi

Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi ndi tiyi wobiriwira wachinyamata koma wodziwika bwino wochokera ku chigawo cha Zhejiang, wobadwira m’mphepete mwa nyanja yotchuka ya Zilumba Zikwi (千岛湖, Qiāndǎo Hú). Atapangidwa mu 1982 pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa Xīhú Lóngjǐng ndi mtundu wa mbande wa Jiūkēng wakumaloko, adalandira ulemu mwachangu: adalandira dzina kuchokera kwa pulofesa wodziwika bwino Zhuāng Wǎnfāng ndipo pofika 2007 adakhala chinthu chokhala ndi chitetezo cha malo ake. Nyengo yapadera ya ‘nyanja ndi zilumba’, nthaka ya nkhalango ya asidi, ndi madzi oyera kwambiri a m’nyanja yotchuka kwambiri zimagwirizana kupanga makhalidwe a tiyi amenewa — fungo labwino la nyemba ndi mtedza, kukoma kwatsopano komanso chokometsera chokhalitsa pambuyo pomwa.

1. Mgawidwe ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (wosatsutsidwa), chǎoqīng (炒青, chǎoqīng) — woumitsidwa mwa kuwotcha mu mphika. Mtundu wocheperako — biǎnxíng (扁形, biǎnxíng) — mawonekedwe ake a lathyathyathya.
Gulu: Tiyi wotchuka wamakono waku China (新创名茶, xīnchuàng míngchá); tiyi wobiriwira wa m’chigawo cha Zhejiang.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Zhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), boma la Chún’ān (淳安县, Chún’ān Xiàn), madera a nyanja ya Qiāndǎo Hú (千岛湖, Qiāndǎo Hú). Pakatikati pa kupanga ndi dera la Qīngxī (青溪, Qīngxī) ndi mapiri oyandikana nawo okhala ndi nyengo yapadera ya zilumba.
Zolumikizira za malo: Pafupifupi 29°36′ kumpoto, 118°54′ kum’mawa.

2. Mbiri ndi Kufunika Kwake Pachikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi ndi imodzi mwa ‘tiyi watsopano wotchuka’ wopambana kwambiri ku China m’zaka za m’ma 1900. Mbiri yake idayamba mu 1982, pomwe fakitale ya tiyi ndi nkhalango pafupi ndi nyanja ya Qiāndǎo Hú (千岛湖林场, Qiāndǎo Hú Línchǎng) idapanga tiyi watsopano pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa mbande wa Jiūkēng (鸠坑, Jiūkēng) ndi ukadaulo wosinthidwa wa Xīhú Lóngjǐng. Poyamba tiyi amatchedwa ‘Lóngjǐng wa ku Nyanja ya Zilumba Zikwi’ (千岛湖龙井, Qiāndǎo Hú Lóngjǐng). Mu Julayi 1983, katswiri wotchuka wa tiyi, pulofesa wa Zhejiang Agricultural University Zhuāng Wǎnfāng (庄晚芳, Zhuāng Wǎnfāng) adayendera Chún’ān kuti akaone momwe tiyi amapangidwira. Ataona masamba amphamvu, aubweya ndi malo apadera a Zilumba Zikwi, adalemba dzina latsopano — ‘Qiāndǎo Yù Yè 叶’ (千岛玉叶, ‘Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi’), motero adatsimikizira kuti tiyi ameneyu ndi wosiyana ndi Lóngjǐng wakumadzulo kwa nyanja.

Kuzindikiridwa kudapitilira mwachangu: mu Januwale 1986 tiyi adayesedwa mwalamulo, ndipo mu 1987 chizindikiro chake chidalembetsedwa. Mu 1986 Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi lidalandira Mphotho Yachiwiri ya Zhejiang ya Kupita Patsogolo kwa Sayansi ndi Ukadaulo. Mu 1988 ndi 1989, zaka ziwiri zotsatizana, adalandira dzina la ‘tiyi wotchuka wa chigawo wa kalasi yoyamba’ kuchokera ku Dipatimenti ya Zaulimi ya Zhejiang. Mu 1991 adapatsidwa chiphaso cha ‘Tiyi Wotchuka wa Chigawo cha Zhejiang’. Chofika pachimake chinali mu 2007, pamene Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi linalandira udindo wa chinthu chotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha malo ake (国家地理标志保护产品), zomwe zinatsimikizira kuti nyanja ya Qiāndǎo Hú ndi gawo lalikulu la tiyi ku Zhejiang.
Dzina: “Qiāndǎo” (千岛) — “zilumba zikwi”, likunena mwachindunji za nyanja ya Qiāndǎo Hú, nyanja yopangidwa ndi anthu yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pomanga magetsi a Xīn’ānjiāng. M’nyanja muli zilumba zopitilira chikwi, zomwe zimapanga malo apadera. “Yù” (玉, yù) — “nefriti, mwala wamtengo wapatali”, likuyimira kufunika, kuyera ndi kulemekeza kwa tiyi. “Yè” (叶, yè) — “tsamba”. Choncho, dzina lonse limapereka chithunzi cha tsamba lamtengo wapatali la tiyi lobadwira pakati pa zilumba zikwi. Dzina lake linaperekedwa ndi Pulofesa Zhuāng Wǎnfāng, yemwe anatsindika kuti ubweya woyera pa masamba amphamvu umapangitsa tiyi kukhala wosiyana ndi Xīhú Lóngjǐng wachikale ndipo amayenera kudziwika.
Kufunika kwake pachikhalidwe: Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi lakhala chizindikiro cha boma la Chún’ān ndi nyanja ya Qiāndǎo Hú — imodzi mwa malo akuluakulu okopa alendo ku Kum’mawa kwa China. Tiyi amalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi mbiri ya chilengedwe cha nyanjayo: Qiāndǎo Hú ndi nyanja ya kalasi yoyamba ya dziko lonse yowonekera bwino mpaka mamita 7, imodzi mwa nyanja za madzi abwino kwambiri mdzikolo. Derali lakhala likudziwika kwa nthawi yayitali ngati ‘Mùzhōu’ (睦州, Mùzhōu) — dzina la mbiri yakale lomwe limapezeka mu ndakatulo zokhudza tiyi wa kumaloko: ‘Wobadwa m’mphepete mwa Zilumba Zikwi — khalidwe lake ndi lapamwamba kuposa onse. Yù Yè ndi Yù Yá ndi alongo a tiyi ochokera ku Mùzhōu.’ Dera la nyanja lili m’gulu la madera 44 oyamba a malo okongola a dziko lonse la China ndi m’gulu la nkhalango khumi zapadziko lonse lapansi. Kwa Chún’ān wamakono, Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi si kokha poyambira chuma cha makampani a tiyi, komanso ndi chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe chomwe chimagwirizanitsa tiyi ndi zokopa alendo.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zogwiritsa Ntchito:

Mtundu / Mbande: Mbande waukulu ndi Jiūkēng qúntǐ zhǒng (鸠坑群体种, Jiūkēng qúntǐ zhǒng), mbande wa mbewu wa kalasi ya chigawo. Uwu ndi gulu la mbiri yakale la Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, lomwe limadziwika ndi masamba akulu, aminyewa okhala ndi ubweya wochuluka. Ma polyphenols a tiyi amapitilira 30%, zomwe zimapangitsa kukoma kwakuya. Mbande uwu umatha kusiyanasiyana ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikizira apo, mbande wa Lóngjǐng 43 (龙井43, Lóngjǐng 43) umagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuti akweze khalidwe la zokolola zoyambirira za masika chifukwa cha nthawi yake yoyambirira kukula.
Kukolola: Nthawi yaikulu yakukolola ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika. Nthawi zimasiyana: Lóngjǐng 43 amapereka zokolola zoyamba kuyambira pa 20 Marichi, Jiūkēng kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi. Khalidwe lapamwamba kwambiri limapezeka pa nthawi yochokera ku Qīngmíng (清明) kufika ku Gǔyǔ (谷雨). Pambuyo pa Gǔyǔ, masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tiyi wamba (炒青, chǎoqīng).
Muyezo wakukolola: Kwa kalasi yapadera (tèjí) — mphukira yokhala ndi tsamba limodzi losatseguka (一芽一叶初展, yī yá yī yè chū zhǎn), pomwe mphukira iyenera kukhala yaitali kuposa tsamba. Pa magalamu 500 a masamba atsopano pamafunika mphukira 4100–4300. Kwa kalasi yoyamba — mphukira yokhala ndi tsamba limodzi, kusiyanasiyana pang’ono kumaloledwa. Kwa kalasi yachiwiri — kagulu kakang’ono ka ‘mphukira ndi masamba awiri’ kumaloledwa. Zofunikira zonse: mphukira zowonongeka, zofiirira, zochepa kwambiri kapena zokulira mopitirira muyeso sizimaloledwa; zogwiritsira ntchito ziyenera kukhala zofanana, zoyera, ndi zaubweya wodziwika.
Zofunikira za zogwiritsira ntchito: Masamba atsopano akatengedwa, amayanikidwa (摊放, tānfàng) kwa maola 6–12, mpaka chinyezi chisachepetse kufika pa 70–72%. Gawo limeneli ndi lofunika kwambiri pakupanga fungo ndi kukonzekeretsa masamba kuti awotchedwe.

4. Malo Omwe Amalimidwa ndi Njira Zawo:

Nyengo ndi mawonekedwe a malo: Dera la Qiāndǎo Hú lili m’dera la nyengo ya subtropical monsoon. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka ndi 15–17 °C, nyengo yopanda chisanu ndi masiku 230–270, ndipo mvula ya pachaka ndi 1319.7 mm. Nthawi za mvula zazikulu ndi mvula za masika ndi mvula za ‘maipulamu’ (méiyǔ). Julayi–Ogasiti ndi nthawi yachilala (伏旱, fúhàn). Malo a boma la Chún’ān ndi amapiri ambiri, okhala ndi kusiyana kwa kutalika: malo ozungulira ndi okwezeka, pomwe chapakati ndi chotsika, chokhala ndi nyanja. Chofunikira kwambiri pa malo omwe amalimidwa ndi ‘nyengo yapadera ya nyanja ndi zilumba’ (湖陆小气候, hú lù xiǎo qìhòu): kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa madzi abwino kumachepetsa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, kumapanga chifunga chochuluka cham’mawa ndi chinyezi chokhazikika, zomwe ndi zabwino kwa tchire la tiyi.
Kutalika komwe amamera: Minda ya tiyi ili m’mapiri ozungulira nyanja pamalo okwezeka mita 200–600. Pakatikati pa kupanga kwabwino ndi dera la Qīngxī, komwe nkhalango zoyambirira zimapanga mthunzi wachilengedwe.
Nthaka: Nthaka zofiira za asidi (红壤, hóng rǎng) ndi mchenga (砂质土), wolemera ndi mchere. Mayankho ake ndi a asidi pang’ono, okwanira Camellia sinensis.
Chilengedwe: Nkhalango yophimba dera la Qiāndǎo Hú ndi 81% mpaka 93%. Nyanjayi ili ndi udindo wa kalasi yoyamba ya dziko lonse (国家一级水体) yowonekera bwino mpaka mamita 7. Kuyera kwa chilengedwe kotereku kumakhudza mwachindunji khalidwe la zogwiritsira ntchito za tiyi.

5. Ukadaulo Wopanga:

Ukadaulo wa Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi umachokera ku njira za Xīhú Lóngjǐng, koma wosinthidwa mogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a mbande wa Jiūkēng wa m’derali wokhala ndi mphukira zazikulu, zaubweya. Njira yonse imachitika mu mphika wopanda zokhazikika; tiyi wokonzeka ayenera kukwaniritsa muyezo wa ‘makhalidwe anayi’: kuunika, lathyathyathya, kusamala, kuwongoka (光、扁、平、直, guāng, biǎn, píng, zhí). Kuchepetsa kulemera kwa masamba pa nthawi ya kukonza ndi 60–65%, ndipo chinyezi chomaliza sichiyenera kupitilira 6%.

Kukolola masamba atsopano (鲜叶采摘, xiānyè cǎizhāi): Kukolola ndi manja molingana ndi muyezo womwe wafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Kufunika kuti zikwaniritse ndendende zofunikira za ‘kukoma mtima, kufanana, kuyera’ (嫩、匀、净, nèn, yún, jìng).
Kuwanika (摊放, tānfàng): Masamba owunikiridwa amaikidwa pa mathaloni a nsungwi pamalo amthunzi, opumira mphepo kwa maola 6–12. Pa nthawiyi chinyezi chimatsika kuchokera pa ~78% kufika pa 70–72%, kumene mapuloteni amatha kugawikana pang’ono ndipo mankhwala onunkhira amatulutsidwa.
Kuletsa ma enzyme ndi kupanga mawonekedwe (杀青做形, shāqīng zuòxíng): Izi zimachitika mu mphika wopanda zokhazikika. Kwa kalasi yapamwamba, kutentha ndi 110–120 °C, kwa kalasi yapakati ndi 120–130 °C. Masamba amaikidwa m’magawo a magalamu 150 (kalasi yapamwamba) kapena 200 g (yapakati). Katswiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthanitsa za manja: ‘kugwedeza’ (抖, dǒu), ‘kutsogolera’ (带, dài), ‘kukakamiza’ (捺, nà), ‘kugwira’ (抓, zhuā), ‘kuyika’ (搭, dā). Cholinga ndi kuletsa kutsekemera, kufewetsa masamba mofanana, kuchotsa fungo la udzu, ndi kupereka mawonekedwe oyamba a lathyathyathya. Kukhwima kumadziwika ndi kuda kwa masamba ndi kuthekera kwawo kupanga mawonekedwe. Zomwe zapangidwa pang’onopang’ono zimayikidwa kuti zizizire ndikuwongolera chinyezi (摊凉回潮, tānliáng huícháo).
Kusefa ndi kuyalanso (筛分摊凉, shāifēn tānliáng): Kulekanitsa kwapakati molingana ndi kukula ndi kuchotsa zidutswa.
Kuwotcha komaliza ndi kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe (煇锅定型, huì guō dìngxíng): Imachitika pa kutentha kwa 70–80 °C. Njira zazikulu ndi ‘kugwedeza’ (擞, sǒu), ‘kuwongola’ (挺, tǐng), ‘kukakamiza’ (压, yā), ‘kuwala’ (磨, mó). Pa gawo ili, lamulo ndikuti ‘dzanja silisiya tiyi, tiyi sasamuka mu mphika’ (手不离茶，茶不离锅). Kuwongolera kupsinjika ndikofunikira kwambiri: mphamvu yochulukirapo imathyola tsamba, yocheperapo yomwe siipereka mawonekedwe ofunikira; kutentha kwambiri kumapangitsa tiyi kukhala wachikasu, kutentha kochepa kumapangitsa mtundu kukhala wakuda. Zotsatira zake ndi masamba a tiyi osalala, athyathyathya, owongoka okhala ndi kunyezimira kwa silika.
Kusefa komaliza ndi kusanja (筛分整理, shāifēn zhěnglǐ): Tiyi wouma amasefa kuti achepetse kusafanana kwa kukula, ndikuchotsa zidutswa ndi fumbi. Akulekanitsidwa m’magulu molingana ndi kukula, kukhulupirika, kuchuluka kwa ubweya ndi mtundu.

6. Makhalidwe a Kununkhira ndi Kukoma:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Mawonekedwe ake ndi a lathyathyathya, owongoka, ooneka ngati ophwanyika pang’ono (扁平挺直). Mtundu ndi wobiriwira wokhala ndi chikasu chofewa (翠绿嫩黄), wokhala ndi ubweya woyera wowoneka pamwamba. Mphukira ndi zazikulu, zolimba. Masamba ndi osalala, ofanana, opanda zidutswa. Kwa kunja, amafanana ndi Xīhú Lóngjǐng koma amasiyana ndi ubweya wowonekera kwambiri komanso kukhala kwamphamvu pang’ono kwa masamba.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Lili loyera, lapamwamba, lokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu la nyemba (豆香, dòu xiāng) — lomwe ndi liwu lalikulu — komanso fungo lofewa la masamba obiriwira (清香, qīng xiāng). Pali kusakhwima kofewa kwa ‘mkaka’ (嫩香, nèn xiāng), komwe kumadziwika ndi zogwiritsira ntchito zachinyamata.
Fungo la chakumwa: Ndi chatsopano, chokhazikika, chokhala ndi mawonekedwe a nyemba ndi mtedza. Pamene kapu ikuzizirira, mafungo a maluwa ndi a udzu amawonekera. Fungo ndi loyera, lopanda zosakaniza zakunja.
Kukoma: Kuli kokwanira komanso kothithikira (醇厚, chúnhòu) — kowoneka kothithikira kwambiri kuposa Xīhú Lóngjǐng wachikale. Kutsitsimula kumawonekera kwambiri (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid mu mbande wa Jiūkēng. Kumvekera kwa kutsekemera komwe kumabwerera (回甘明显, huígān míngxiǎn). Palibe kuwawa kapena kuuma kwakukulu ngati apangidwa moyenera. Ngati mwasiya nthawi yaitali, kumwa kwa pang’ono kumatha kuwonekera.
Mtundu wa chakumwa: Ndi wachikasu-wobiriwira, wonyezimira, wooneka bwino (黄绿明亮). Kwa tiyi watsopano, kumawonekera kuwala kobiriwira kofewa; posunga, mtundu umada.
Pansi pa kapu (masamba ophikidwa): Masamba obiriwira ofewa, aminyewa, ofanana, osonkhanitsidwa m’magulu ang’onoang’ono a ‘maluwa’ (嫩绿成朵, nèn lǜ chéng duǒ). Masamba ndi osalala, olimba. Mtundu wofanana wopanda madontho ndi mawanga akuda ndi chizindikiro cha kukonza kwabwino.

7. Zomwe Zili M’thupi la Tiyi:

Tiyi amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa ma polyphenols (>30% — chikhalidwe chapadera cha mbande wa Jiūkēng), komanso mbiri yolemera ya ma amino acid.

Ma Polyphenols (ma catechins): Oposa 30% ya kulemera kwake kouma — kuposa pafupifupi zomwe zimapezeka mu tiyi wobiriwira. Zigawo zazikulu ndi EGCG, ECG, EGC. Zimapereka mphamvu zolimbana ndi okosijeni, kukoma kokhazikika, ndi kukoma kwa kuuma komwe kumayenderana ndi ma amino acid.
Ma Amino acid: Kuli kokwanira (ziwerengero zenizeni za Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi sizinalembetsedwe, koma zogwiritsira ntchito zoyambirira za Jiūkēng zimadziwika ndi kusungidwa bwino kwa ma amino acid). L-theanine ndi chigawo chachikulu chomwe chimapanga kutsekemera ndi thupi lokhala ngati umami.
Ma Alkaloids: Kafeini ili ndi kuchuluka kwapakati, zomwe zimapereka mphamvu zofewetsa zolimbikitsa mogwirizana ndi L-theanine. Theobromine ndi theophylline amapezekanso.
Mavitamini: Vitamini C — ili yochuluka m’zogwiritsira ntchito zatsopano. Mavitamini a B. Vitamini K.
Mchere: Fluorine — 200–300 ppm (yomanga enamel ya mano). Potassium, manganese, zinc. Nthaka zofiira za asidi zokhala ndi mchere wochuluka zimapereka mbiri yolemera ya ma element.
Ma Flavonoids: Zina zowonjezera zolimbana ndi okosijeni, kuphatikizapo vitexin, morin ndi ma catechins. Zimadziwika kuti zimapha mabakiteriya kwambiri.

8. Phindu Zathanzi:

Kuthetsa mabakiteriya: Ma polyphenols a tiyi ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu yopha mabakiteriya — amalepheretsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya a kamwazi, malinga ndi kuyerekezera, kupitilira 90%.
Chitetezo cha okosijeni: Kuchuluka kwa ma catechins (>30% ma polyphenols) kumalepheretsa ma free radicals, kuthandizira thanzi la maselo.
Kulimbitsa enamel ya mano: Kuchuluka kwa fluorine 200–300 ppm kumathandizira kupanga gawo loteteza pa enamel, ndipo mphamvu ya ma polyphenols yopha mabakiteriya imalepheretsa tizilombo toyambitsa dzino.
Kuthandizira metabolism ndi kulemera koyenera: Kafeini pamodzi ndi ma polyphenols amalimbikitsa kugawikana kwa mafuta ndi kutentha kwa thupi.
Mphamvu yofewetsa yolimbikitsa: L-theanine ndi kafeini zimapanga mkhalidwe wa kusangalala, kukonza maganizo popanda nkhawa.
Kuthandizira dongosolo la mtima ndi mitsempha: Ma catechins amathandizira kuchepetsa mulingo wa cholesterol wa LDL, ndikuteteza kusinthasintha kwa mitsempha.
Kuthandizira chakudya: Ma polyphenols ndi zinthu zowumitsa zimalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa ma enzyme ogayira chakudya, ndikuthandizira kugaya chakudya chamafuta ndi cholemera.

9. Njira Yopangira:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C. Ndikoyenera kwambiri kuti musagwiritse ntchito madzi otentha kwambiri — zimawononga chlorophyll (chakumwa chimakhala chachikasu) ndikuwonjezera kuwawa.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: Magalamu 3 pa 150 ml (chiŵerengero 1:50). Ngati mukufuna kukoma kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito 5 g pa 150 ml.
Zida: Galasi lowonekera (lolimbikitsidwa — limapangitsa kuti muone kutseguka kwa masamba ndi kuyera kwa chakumwa); gài wǎn yoyera ya porcelain (盖碗); kapu ya porcelain yokhala ndi chivindikiro.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsani zida ndi madzi otentha, tsanulani.
2. Ikani tiyi. Gwiritsani ntchito njira yapansi yoponyera (下投法) — tiyi pansi, kenako madzi.
3. Kutsuka sikofunikira kwa tiyi wobiriwira wosakhwima. Ngati mukufuna, tsukani mwachangu (sekondi 1–2).
4. Kuthira koyamba — mtsinje wolunjika (定点注水, dìngdiǎn zhùshuǐ), kusiya mphindi 10. Tsanulani kapena yambani kumwa.
5. Kuthira kotsatira 2–5 — onjezerani nthawi ndi masekondi 5–10. Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi labwino limatha kupirira kuthira 5.
6. Chakumwa chimalimbikitsidwa kumwa nthawi yomweyo mutatha kuthira — kusiya kwa nthawi yayitali (kupitilira mphindi 3) kumawonjezera kumwa kwa kuuma.

10. Kusunga:

Monga tiyi wina wonse wobiriwira wosakhwima, Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi silimva bwino kuwala, kutentha, chinyezi ndi mafungo akunja. Mikhalidwe yabwino yosungira: zotengera zomata (thumba lothiridwa vacuum, chidebe chotsekedwa bwino), kutentha kwa 0–5 °C. Mukachotsa mufiriji, siyani mu phukusi lotsekedwa kuti lifike kutentha kwa m’chipinda (maola 1–2) kuti mupewe madzi a kukhuthala. Nthawi yosungira mu phukusi lotsekedwa pa kutentha koyenera ndi miyezi 12. Pambuyo pa kutsegula, ndi bwino kumwa pakatha milungu 3–4. Njira yachikhalidwe: tiyi amaikidwa m’matumba a pepala, omwe amapanikizika pang’ono ndikumangidwa, kenako amaikidwa m’miphika ya dongo kapena ya porcelain yokhala ndi chivindikiro chotsekedwa.

11. Mtengo ndi Chinyengo:

Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi ndi tiyi wotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha malo ake (kuyambira 2007), zomwe zimathandizira mtengo wake ndi mbiri yake. Mtengo umasiyana kwambiri: zogwiritsira ntchito za nthawi ya Qīngmíng za kalasi yapadera ndi zodula kwambiri; tiyi wa nthawi ya Qīngmíng–Gǔyǔ ndi wabwino koposa pamtengo; zogwiritsira ntchito za pambuyo pa Gǔyǔ ndizotsika mtengo zogwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.

Momwe mungapewere chinyengo:

Maonekedwe: Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi lenileni ndi lathyathyathya, lowongoka, lokhala ndi ubweya woyera wowonekera komanso wobiriwira wachikasu. Zonyenga (zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku zinthu zopanda khalidwe kuchokera kumadera ena) zimawoneka zosaoneka bwino, zokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zidutswa zosweka.
Fungo: Fungo loyera la nyemba / mtedza lopanda fungo la chakale kapena la udzu wosaphika. Kusowa kwa fungo la nyemba ndi chizindikiro cha kusinthidwa.
Chakumwa: Chiyenera kukhala chachikasu-wobiriwira chowala, chowonekera. Chakumwa chosawoneka bwino kapena chakuda chimasonyeza zogwiritsira ntchito zopanda khalidwe kapena kuphwanya ukadaulo.
Kukoma: Koyenera, kwatsopano, kumene huígān kuli kowonekera. Kukoma kosakhazikika, kwamadzi kumene kulibe chokometsera pambuyo pomwa ndi chizindikiro cha chinyengo.
Chiyambi: Gulani tiyi wokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo ake ‘千岛玉叶’ kuchokera kwa opanga ovomerezeka a Chún’ān. Yang’anani tsiku la zokolola ndi kuonekera kwa zambiri za komwe akuchokera.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

Dzina la tiyi linaperekedwa ndi Pulofesa Zhuāng Wǎnfāng (1908–1999) — m’modzi mwa ‘mizati inayi’ ya maphunziro a tiyi ku China m’zaka za m’ma 1900, wolemba mabuku ofunikira pa taxonomy ndi mbiri ya tiyi. Zolemba zake za ‘千岛玉叶’ zikusungidwa ngati chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha tiyi cha Chún’ān.
Nyanja ya Zilumba Zikwi (千岛湖) ndi nyanja yayikulu kwambiri yopangidwa ndi anthu ya madzi abwino ku Kum’mawa kwa China, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1959 pambuyo pomanga magetsi pamtsinje wa Xīn’ānjiāng (新安江). M’nyanja muli zilumba 1078 zokhala ndi malo opitilira mahekitala 0.25 iliyonse. Ndi malo apadera awa amadzi omwe amapanga nyengo yapadera yomwe imapanga khalidwe la tiyi.
Mtsinje wa Xīn’ānjiāng, umene umadyetsa nyanja, udatamandidwa ndi Lǐ Bái: ‘Ndikufunsa za Xīn’ānjiāng — kodi ndi oyera mpaka pansi?’ Kuyera kwa madzi awa si chithunzi cha ndakatulo chokha, komanso ndi muyezo weniweni wa chilengedwe: nyanja imasunga udindo wa kalasi yoyamba yowonekera bwino mpaka mamita 7.
Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi ndi Qīngxī Yù Yá (清溪玉芽, Qīngxī Yù Yá) — ‘alongo-atiyi ochokera ku Mùzhōu’: onse amapangidwa kudera limodzi pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wofanana, koma kuchokera ku miyezo yosiyana ya zogwiritsira ntchito. Ndakatulo yapawiri imati: ‘Wobadwa m’mphepete mwa Zilumba Zikwi — khalidwe lake ndi lapamwamba kuposa onse. Yù Yè ndi Yù Yá ndi alongo-atiyi ochokera ku Mùzhōu.’
Boma la Chún’ān ndi lalikulu kwambiri m’chigawo cha Zhejiang. Dzina lake la mbiri yakale — Mùzhōu (睦州) — limachokera ku nthawi ya Suí ndipo limatanthauza ‘Dziko la Mgwirizano.’

13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wobiriwira wa Zhejiang:

Xīhú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): ‘Wachibale’ wamkulu ndi gwero laufulu kwa ukadaulo wa Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi. Kusiyana ndikokulirapo: Lóngjǐng amagwiritsa ntchito mbande wa Lóngjǐng 43 kapena Qún Tǐ Zhǒng Lóngjǐng (wopanda ubweya wochuluka), fungo lake ndi lapamwamba, la ‘chestnut-nyemba’, mawonekedwe ndi athyathyathya bwino, osalala, pafupifupi opanda ubweya. Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi, chifukwa cha mbande wa Jiūkēng, ndi laubweya kwambiri, lokulirapo pamapangidwe a mphukira, ndi kukoma kokwanira komanso kothithikira.
Ānjí Bái Chá (安吉白茶, Ānjí Bái Chá): Tiyi wobiriwira wochokera kumpoto kwa Zhejiang (boma la Ānjí). Amapangidwa kuchokera ku mbande wa albino Bái Yè Yīhào wokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid (~6–7%). Kwa kunja — woonda, wotalika, wobiriwira wopepuka ndi wachikasu. Kukoma — kwatsopano kwambiri, kokhala ndi umami wowonekera komanso kuuma kochepa. Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi, mosiyana, lili ndi thupi lokwanira komanso mawonekedwe a nyemba ndi mtedza.
Jīnhuá Jǔyán (金华举岩, Jīnhuá Jǔyán): Tiyi wobiriwira wa mbiri yakale wochokera ku mzinda wa Jīnhuá, womwe umachokera ku nthawi ya Táng. Mawonekedwe — opindika pang’ono, fungo — la maluwa ndi zipatso. Mosiyana ndi Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi lathyathyathya, Jǔyán ndi lalikulu m’mawonekedwe ndi lofewa m’kukoma.
Kāihuà Lóng Dǐng (开化龙顶, Kāihuà Lóng Dǐng): Amapangidwa ku boma la Kāihuà kumadzulo kwa Zhejiang. Mawonekedwe — owongoka, woonda, ofanana ndi singano. Fungo — loyera la maluwa ndi chestnut, kukoma — kwapafupi, kwatsopano. Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi limasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake athyathyathya komanso kukoma kokwanira, kothithikira.

Pomaliza:

Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi ndi tiyi wachinyamata potengera miyezo ya mbiri ya tiyi ya China, koma njira yake yofulumira kuchoka pa ‘lóngjǐng wa nyanja’ wopanda dzina kufika pa chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo ake cha dziko lonse imasonyeza kukongola kwa malo omwe amalimidwa ndi luso la akatswiri a tiyi a Zhejiang. Pambuyo pa tsamba lililonse lathyathyathya, laubweya pali dongosolo lachilengedwe lapadera — nyanja yoyera kwambiri pakati pa zilumba zikwi, nthaka ya nkhalango ya asidi, chifunga cha monsoon. Fungo la nyemba ndi mtedza, kukoma kokwanira, kwatsopano kokhala ndi huígān yayitali, ndi mphukira zaminyewa, zolimba pansi pa kapu — zonsezi zimapangitsa Tsamba la Nefriti la Zilumba Zikwi kukhala njira yabwino m’malo mwa iwo amene amayamikira kalembedwe ka Lóngjǐng koma akufuna kutanthauzira kochuluka, kwa ‘nyanja’.