Qiān Liǎng Chá · new.thetea.app

Qiān Liǎng Chá ndi tiyi wodziwika bwino wopangidwa ngati silinda, wochokera ku Anhua (安化县, Ānhuà Xiàn), wokutidwa ndi “thumba” la nsungwi (篾篓, mièlǒu). Iyi ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yotanuka kwambiri komanso yapadera yopondereza tiyi padziko lonse: silinda yaikulu yautali pafupifupi 1.5 m ndi m’mimba mwake pafupifupi 0.2 m, yolemera ma liang chikwi chimodzi akale (pafupifupi 36.25 kg), inapangidwa ngati mawonekedwe a “zoyendera” pa malonda a ngolo pa “Njira ya Tiyi” (万里茶道, Wànlǐ Chádào). Wofufuza za tiyi wa ku Taiwan Ceng Zhixian (曾至贤) m’buku lake lakuti «Fang yuan zhi yuan» (《方圆之缘——深探紧压茶世界》, 2001) anatcha Qiān Liǎng Chá kuti “Mfumu ya Tiyi Padziko Lonse” (世界茶王, Shìjiè Cháwáng), ndipo luso lake — kukhala cholembedwa chomoyo cha chikhalidwe cha tiyi.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wothira m’mbuyo (chakuda chakuda, hēichá — 黑茶, Hēichá). Mosiyana ndi shu pu’er, Qiān Liǎng Chá satembenuzidwa m’njira yonyowetsa zomera; kusandulika kwake kumachitika mwachilengedwe — pakuwumitsa kwa nthawi yayitali ndi kusungidwa.
Gulu: Tiyi wodziwika wa China; tiyi wakuda wa Hunan (湖南黑茶, Húnán Hēichá). Ndi wa m’banja la “huājuǎn” (花卷, Huājuǎn — “mpukutu wamaluwa”), momwemonso muli Bǎi Liǎng Chá (百两茶, Bǎi Liǎng Chá — “tiyi wa ma liang zana”) ndi miyeso ina.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Hunan (湖南, Húnán), chigawo cha Anhua (安化县, Ānhuà Xiàn), tawuni ya Jiangnan (江南镇, Jiāngnán Zhèn), mudzi wa Bianjiang (边江村, Biānjiāng Cūn) — dziko la makolo ndi malo oyamba opangira.
Makonzedwe a malo: Chigawo cha Anhua chili mkati mwa 27°58′–28°38′ N ndi 110°43′–111°58′ E, m’mapiri a Xuefeng (雪峰山, Xuěfēng Shān), pakati pa mtsinje wa Zishui (资水, Zīshuǐ).
Mayina ena: Huājuǎn Chá (花卷茶, Huājuǎn Chá — “tiyi-mpukutu wamaluwa”); “Mfumu ya Tiyi Padziko Lonse” (世界茶王).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo Lachikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Wotsogolera Qiān Liǎng Chá ndi Bǎi Liǎng Chá (百两茶) — silinda yolemera ma liang zana, yopangidwa koyamba m’chigawo cha Anhua mu nthawi ya mfumu Daoguang (道光, Dàoguāng) ya mzera wa Qing, cha m’ma 1820. Kupangidwa kwake kunayendetsedwa ndi kayendetsedwe: mawonekedwe a silinda ndi abwino potengera, ndipo kulemera kokhazikika kumachepetsa mawerengedwe a malonda.
Mu nthawi ya mfumu Tongzhi (同治, Tóngzhì, 1862–1874), amalonda a tiyi a Shanxi (晋商, Jìnshāng) ochokera ku kampani ya «Sanhegong» (三和公) pamodzi ndi akatswiri opondereza a banja la Liu (刘氏, Liú shì) a m’mudzi wa Bianjiang anakulitsa kukula kwa silinda kufika pa ma liang chikwi chimodzi, kupanga Qiān Liǎng Chá yeniyeni. Luntha linabisedwa kwambiri: banja la Liu linkaphunzitsa ana aamuna okha, osati aakazi (传子不传女, chuán zǐ bù chuán nǚ).
Mu 1952, fakitore ya tiyi ya boma ya Baishaxi (白沙溪茶厂, Báishāxī Cháchǎng) inaitana mbadwa za Liu kuti apereke luntha; kuyambira 1952 mpaka 1958 kunapangidwa masilinda 48,550. Mu 1958 chifukwa cha khama lalikulu kupanga kunasiyidwa: zopangira zinayamba kukanikizidwa mu “njerwa yamaluwa” (花砖, Huāzhuān) ndi makina.
Mu 1981 fakitore ya Baishaxi inayesa m’modzi kubwezeretsa mwambo — masilinda 327 anapangidwa, pambuyo pake kupanga kunasiyidwanso kwa zaka 16. Kubwezeretsa kwenikweni kunachitika mu 1997, pamene ofufuza a tiyi ochokera ku Korea South, atapeza Qiān Liǎng Chá ku Taiwan, anazitsata mpaka ku Anhua ndikuyitanitsa masilinda oposa 300.
Mu 2008 luntha la kupanga Qiān Liǎng Chá linalowetsedwa m’ndandanda wachiwiri wa zolowa za dziko zosagwira mafuta za China (国家级非物质文化遗产, Guójiājí Fēiwùzhì Wénhuà Yíchǎn). Mu 2022 «Luntha la mwambo lopanga tiyi ku China ndi miyambo yoyandikana nayo» — kuphatikiza luntha la Qiān Liǎng Chá — linalowa mu ndandanda wa UNESCO wa zolowa za chikhalidwe cha anthu zosagwira mafuta.
Mu 1983 ku Myuziyamu ya Gugong ku Beijing (故宫博物院) pakusanja zinthu za mfumu Jiaqing (嘉庆, Jiāqìng, wolamulira 1796–1820) kunapezedwa silinda yakale ya huājuǎn — tsopano chitsanzo chakale kwambiri chodziwika cha Qiān Liǎng Chá padziko lonse. Poyamba idaganiziridwa molakwika kuti ndi pu’er; umwini weniweni unazindikirika mu 2010 ndi akatswiri ochokera ku Anhua kuchokera pa zizindikiro za zomangira za nsungwi pa tiyiyo.
Dzina:
- «Qian» (千, qiān) — chikwi.
- «Liang» (两, liǎng) — muyeso wakale wa kulemera wa China. M’muyeso wa mzera wa Qing (masikelo akale, 老秤, lǎochèng, momwe 1 jin = 16 liang) chikwi cha ma liang ndi pafupifupi 36.25 kg.
- «Cha» (茶, chá) — tiyi.
- Motero, «Qiān Liǎng Chá» tanthauzo lenileni “tiyi [wa kulemera kwa] ma liang chikwi chimodzi”. Dzina lina «Huājuǎn» (花卷) liri ndi matanthauzo atatu: chomangira cha nsungwi cholukidwa ndi chitsanzo chokhala ngati makona; kukhalapo kwa zithunzithunzi za maluwa (zowala) m’zopangira; chisindikizo chokhala ngati maluwa chowoneka pa silinda chifukwa cha zomangirazo.
- M’mbiri anasiyanitsa pakati pa «Qizhou juan» (祁州卷, yochokera ku mzinda wa Qizhou, chigawo cha Shanxi) yolemera ndendende 1000 liang ndi «Jiangzhou juan» (绛州卷, yochokera ku mzinda wa Jiangzhou) yolemera 1100 liang — mogwirizana ndi gulu la amalonda a Shanxi.
Tanthauzo lachikhalidwe: Qiān Liǎng Chá ndi chizindikiro cha “mphamvu ya luso” (力量工艺) ya chigawo cha Anhua, chithunzithunzi cha ntchito ya gulu ndi ukadaulo. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, tiyi wakuda wa Anhua anali chofunika kwambiri kwa anthu oyendayenda a ku Tibet, Mongolia, ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa China, kuwathandiza pa kusowa kwa mavitamini ndi fiber pa zakudya za nyama ndi mkaka. Tiyi ankatumikira osati chakumwa chokha, komanso ndalama: “kusinthanitsa tiyi ndi akavalo” (茶马互市, chámǎ hùshì) — njira yofunika kwambiri yachuma ya China yamfumu. Mu 2010 Qiān Liǎng Chá ya fakitore ya «Yongtaifu» (永泰福) inalowa mwa “zinthu 100 za China” pa chiwonetsero cha dziko lonse «Expo-2010» ku Shanghai.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Mitundu / cultivar: Zopangira zazikulu — mitundu yaikulu yaikulu ya Anhua (安化群体品种, Ānhuà qúntǐ pǐnzhǒng), yomwe yotsogola ndi Yuntaishan Dayezhong (云台山大叶种, Yúntáishān Dàyèzhǒng — “Mitundu ya Masamba Akulu ochokera ku Phiri la Yuntaishan”). Iyi ndi Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, mtundu wa masamba akulu, wovomerezedwa mwalamulo ngati mtundu wa boma mu 1985 (nambala GS13024-1985) ndikuikidwa mwa mitundu 21 yabwino kwambiri yaikulu yaikulu ya China. Masamba ake ndi akulu modabwitsa komanso onenepa — ku Anhua amati: “Tsamba la tiyi likhoza kukulunga mchere, ndipo tsambitsoka la tiyi — kutumikira ngati palafoni.” Kupatula Yuntaishan Dayezhong, mitundu ina yapafupi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito: Zhuyeqi (槠叶齐, Zhūyèqí), Baimaozao (白毛早, Báimáozǎo).
Kututa: Pa Qiān Liǎng Chá amagwiritsa ntchito zokolola za m’chilimwe ndi m’dzinja, pamene masamba afika pa kukhwima ndi kuthina kokwanira.
Muyezo wotuta: Masamba okhwima a gulu la 2-3 (二三级黑毛茶, èrsānjí hēimáochá) ndi zithunzithunzi. Ichi ndi kusiyana kwakukulu ndi tiyi wambiri wapamwamba, kumene mitsinje yofewa imayamikiridwa: kwa Qiān Liǎng Chá tsamba lokhwima ndi zithunzithunzi zimapatsa mphamvu yokwanira pakupondereza, ziri ndi ma polysaccharides ndi mchere ambiri, ndikuperekanso mwayi wa kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.

4. Malo ndi Zochititsa Chiyambi cha Kulima:

Malo ofunika a Anhua: Chigawo cha Anhua chili pa mbande zakumpoto za mapiri a Xuefeng (雪峰山), pakati pa mtsinje wa Zishui. Dera lonse ndi 4950 km², mawonekedwe a mapiri okhala ndi nsonga 63 pamwamba pa 1000 m (yapamwamba kwambiri — 1622 m). Minda ya tiyi ili pa kutalika kwa 300–1000 m pamwamba pa nyanja.
Geology: Anhua ndi imodzi mwa malo olangidwa kwambiri ndi miyala ya glacial (tillite) panthaka yapadziko lonse (冰碛岩, bīngqìyán), ya zaka pafupifupi 600 miliyoni: pano pali 85% ya miyala yotere padziko lonse. Kuwonongeka kwa miyala ya glacial kumapanga dothi la acidic, lopanda madzi bwino, lolemera ndi organic ndi ma trace element, kuphatikiza selenium: kuchuluka kwapakati kwa selenium mu tiyi wa Anhua ndi 0.22 ppm — kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa China konse ndi kuwirikiza 7 kuposa chiwerengero cha padziko lonse.
Nyengo: Sub-tropical monsoon, ndi nyengo zoonekeratu. Kutentha kwapachaka 16–17°C, mvula 1600–1800 mm pachaka, chinyezi chachikulu ndi nkhungu zambiri. Nthawi ya kukula kwa chitsamba cha tiyi imapitirira miyezi 7.
Kulima: Minda yachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yobzalidwa mopanda chisamaliro (荒山茶, huāngshān chá) — mitengo ya tiyi yomwe imamera m’nkhalango popanda kulimidwa mwamphamvu. Kubzalidwa limodzi ndi maluwa ndi zomera za m’nkhalango kumapereka chitetezo chachilengedwe ku tizirombo ndikukhazikitsa mikorijini.

5. Luntha la Kupanga:

Kupanga Qiān Liǎng Chá ndi imodzi mwa njira zovuta komanso zotopetsa kwambiri m’dziko la tiyi. Kutembenuka konse kumafunika ntchito 23 (工序, gōngxù), zomwe zimachitidwa ndi manja okha. Ntchito imatheka pokhapokha m’miyezi yotentha (July–September), pamene kutentha ndi chinyezi zimapanga mikhalidwe ya kuwira mwachilengedwe. Gulu la akatswiri (杠爷, gàng yé — “ambuye a njanji”) limayamba ntchito nthawi ya 4 m’mawa ndikugwira ntchito osachepera maola 10.

Kututa (采摘, cǎizhāi): Masamba okhwima ndi zithunzithunzi — zokolola za m’chilimwe ndi m’dzinja.
Kukonza koyamba — kupanga hēimáochá (黑毛茶, hēimáochá):
1. Kufikitsa (杀青, shāqīng): Kuletsa kuphika kwa ma enzyme powotchera mu wok. Kwa hēichá kufikitsa n’kuchepera kuposa tiyi wobiriwira — mbali ina ya ntchito ya ma enzyme imasungidwa.
2. Kukolowola koyamba (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kuphwanya ma cell kuti madzi atuluke.
3. Kusakaniza chinyezi (渥堆, wòduī): Gawo lofunika kwambiri lomwe limapanga maziko a hēichá — kuwira kwa microbiological mu mulu wofunda ndi chinyezi pansi pa ulamuliro wa kutentha ndi chinyezi.
4. Kukolowola kachiwiri (复揉, fùróu): Kupereka mawonekedwe omaliza ndikulinganiza kutha kwa kutsukidwa.
5. Kuwumitsa pamoto wa nkhuni za paini (松柴明火烘焙, sōngchái mínghuǒ hōngbèi): Kuwumitsa kwachikhalidwe pa moto wa nyenyezi zisanu ndi ziwiri (七星灶, qīxīng zào) pogwiritsa ntchito zidutswa za paini, zomwe zimapatsa tiyi kachidontho kakang’ono ka utsi.
Kukonza zopangira za mawonekedwe: 6. Kusefa ndi kusanja (筛分拣剔, shāifēn jiǎntī): Kuchotsa zinthu zakunja, kulinganiza gawo. 7. Kusakaniza (拼堆, pīnduī): Kusakaniza magulu kuti kukoma kukhale kokhazikika. 8. Kuwumitsanso / “kukoka moto” (打火, dǎhuǒ): Kukhazikitsa chinyezi asanalemedwe.
Kupanga silinda: 9. Kutenthetsa ndi nthunzi (汽蒸, qìzhēng): Nthunzi yotentha imafewetsa tsamba, kulipangitsa kukhala losalala kuti liponderezedwe. 10. Kuyeza ndikutsanulira mu thumba (称重灌篓, chēngzhòng guàn lǒu): Zopangira zimatsanuliridwa mu chipolopolo cha silinda, chopangidwa ndi zigawo zitatu: mkati — masamba a liao (蓼叶, liǎoyè, Polygonum), pakati — khungwa la kanjedza (棕片, zōngpiàn), panja — thumba la nsungwi lolukidwa ndi chitsanzo chokhala ngati makona (花格篾篓, huāgé mièlǒu) la nsungwi yatsopano ya nanzhu (楠竹, nánzhú). Thumba lililonse limalukidwa kuchokera ku tsinde limodzi la nsungwi ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha. 11. Kupondereza ndi njanji (杠压踩制, gàng yā cǎi zhì): Gawo lowoneka bwino komanso lolemera mwakuthupi. Gulu la anthu angapo limapondereza tiyiyo pogwiritsa ntchito njanji zamatabwa (杠, gàng) — “njanji yaikulu” (大杠, dà gàng) ndi “njanji yaing’ono” (小杠, xiǎo gàng). Njanji yaing’ono ndiye “chiwongolero” cha ntchito yonse: katswiri amene amayendetsa amatsimikizira kuthina ndi kufanana kwa kudzazidwa. Uwu ndi udindo wofunika kwambiri waluso. Pakupondereza akatswiri amaimba nyimbo zantchito za rhythm (号子, háozi), zomwe zimapereka liwiro ndi mgwirizano. 12. Kumanga ndi zomangira za nsungwi: Zopangira zisanu ndi ziwiri za nsungwi (箍, gū) zimamangirira mawonekedwe ndikulepheretsa kufutukuka kwa tiyiyo.
Kuwumitsa ndi kukhwima: 13. Kuwumitsa mwachilengedwe “padzuwa ndi pamame” (日晒夜露, rì shài yè lù): Masilinda okonzeka amaimiridwa mowongoka pamalo otseguka-ngati misanje (晾棚, liàngpéng). Mkati mwa “masiku makumi anai ndi asanu ndi anai — makumi anai ndi asanu ndi anai” (七七四十九天) tiyiyo masana imatenthedwa ndi dzuwa, ndipo usiku imanyowetsedwa ndi mame. Pamene mvula siyenera — malowa amatetezedwa ndi madenga. Munthawi imeneyi mu tiyi muli kuwira kwapang’onopang’ono mwachilengedwe mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tamtchire. 14. Kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali (陈化, chénhuà): Pambuyo pa kuwumitsa masilinda amatumizidwa kukasungidwa, kumene amapitiriza kukhwima pang’onopang’ono, kutukula fungo la “chénxiāng” (陈香, chénxiāng — “fungo la kukhwima”). Zopakira ndi zogulitsidwa zimapangidwa nthawi imodzi — uwu ndi tiyi yekhayo pomwe chotengera ndi gawo losazindikirika la luntha.

6. Makhalidwe a Ziwalo:

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma panja: Silinda yautali pafupifupi 1.5 m, m’mimba mwake pafupifupi 0.2 m, kulemera kwenikweni 36.25 kg (kwa Qiān Liǎng wokhazikika; amapangidwanso mawonekedwe a Bǎi Liǎng — 3.625 kg, Shí Liǎng — 362.5 g, ndi ena). Pamwamba panja — chikwanje cha nsungwi ndi chitsanzo chokhala ngati makona. Pakadula: mulu woponderezedwa mwamphamvu wa masamba akuda bulauni, pafupifupi akuda, okhala ndi zithunzithunzi zoonekeratu; pamwamba pa kudula ndi wakuda ngati mafuta, wonyezimira; silinda yabwino ndi yolimba moti, malinga ndi mwambo, amalonda aku Shanxi ankaiyika m’madzi — ndipo patatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri pachimake inkakhala youma.
Fungo la tsamba louma: Lovuta, lamagulu ambiri. Mu tiyi wochepa — matabwa ndi toni za zokometsera, utsi wochepa kuchokera ku kuwumitsa kwa paini, manoti a udzu zouma. Ndi ukalamba timatulutsa zipatso zouma, ma prunes, kuya kwa bowa, zokometsera za mtedza. M’magulu akale (zaka 10+) timatulutsa timiyala ta uchi ndi camphor ndi “zachipatala”.
Fungo la madzi: Lodzala, ndi “chénxiāng” yowonekera (fungo la kukhwima). Zotsogola: matabwa, mtedza, zokometsera, zipatso zouma, zokometsera. Pa chomangira cha nsungwi — maziko ochepa a nsungwi “wobiriwira”. Kwa magulu osungidwa bwino — timiyala ta uchi, zipatso, ndi “bowa” zomveka m’mbali.
Kukoma: Kokwanira, kwakukulu, kolimba, ndi “thupi” lowonekera. Kutsekemera kumawonekera kuchokera ku kutsanulira koyamba ndikukula mpaka kumapeto. Kukoma kochepera kopanda chitsenderezo. Matabwa ndi mtedza ndi zokometsera ndi kachidontho ka zipatso zouma ndi ma prunes zili patsogolo. Pambuyo pake kumva kutsekemera kwa nthawi yayitali, ndi “huígān” (回甘, huígān — “kutsekemera kobwerera”). Tiyiyo imapirira kuphikidwa bwino — msuzi umakhala wodzaza koma wofewa.
Mtundu wa madzi: Kuchokera ku amber wakuda mpaka bulauni wofiira; kwa zitsanzo zosungidwa — wofiira wakuya ngati rubi-m’ma chestnut. Madzi ake ndi oonekera, onga mafuta, amakhalabe owala kwanthawi yayitali.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa): Masamba akulu, osaduka ndi zithunzithunzi za mtundu wa bulauni wakuda, otanuka, ndi kapangidwe kofanana. Kusowa kwa fungo losazolowereka ndi “chiyero” cha pansi ndi chizindikiro cha ubwino.

7. Kuphatikizika kwa Mankhwala:

Polyphenols (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Kuchuluka mu zopangira (Yuntaishan Dayezhong, kokolola kwa masika, tsamba limodzi + masamba awiri) — pafupifupi 22.6–23.4%. Pakati pa kusandulika kwapambuyo mbali ina ya catechins imasandulika kukhala thearubigini (茶红素) ndi theabraunini (茶褐素), zomwe zimachepetsa kukoma ndikupangitsa madzi kukhala akuda. Chodziwika ndi chakuti mu tiyi wakuda wa Anhua (百两茶 / Bǎi Liǎng Chá) chiŵerengero cha catechins zovuta (酯型) ndi zosavuta chili chachikulu kuposa cha pu’er ndi Liu Bao, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zochita za antioxidant zowonekera kwambiri.
Amino acid: Kuchuluka kwake mu zopangira ~1.5–2.9% (malinga ndi nyengo). Zimaphatikizapo L-theanine (L-茶氨酸), yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yochepetsera yopanda kugona. Pakati pa kuwira kuchuluka kwa amino acid zaulere kumachepa pang’ono.
Alkaloid: Kafeini (咖啡碱) ~80–98 mg/g mu chotsatsira (chochepa kuposa mu tiyi wobiriwira ndi wofiira), theobromine, theophylline. Chifukwa cha kusandulika kwapambuyo, mulingo wa kafeini mu hēichá ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa tiyi wosawira, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala wosavuta kumwa madzulo.
Polysaccharides (茶多糖, chá duōtáng): Kuchuluka kwake n’kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa mu tiyi wobiriwira ndi wofiira. Polysaccharides osungunuka m’madzi amapanga “kuterera” ndi “kutsekemera” kwa madziwo, ndipo amawerengedwa m’zolemba za sayansi ngati othandizira kusintha kwa kagayidwe ka carbohydrate.
Mavitamini: C (mu zopangira; amawonongeka pang’ono pakuwira), gulu B (B₁, B₂), E, K.
Mchere: Potaziyamu, magnesiamu, manganizi, chitsulo, fulorayidi, zinki, selenium. Kuchuluka kwa mchere mu hēichá n’kwakukulu kuposa mu tiyi wa masamba aang’ono, popeza tsamba lokhwima ndi zithunzithunzi zimasonkhanitsa zinthu zambiri zopanda moyo. Selenium — chizindikiro cha tiyi waku Anhua.
Mafuta ofunika ndi zinthu zowuluka: Pakati pa kusandulika kwapambuyo gawo la zinthu zokhala ndi mpweya zokhala ndi heterocyclic limawonjezeka, zomwe zimayambitsa fungo la “kukhwima”; gawo la mafuta ofunika a zomera (linalool, geraniol) limatsika.

8. Makhalidwe Opindulitsa:

Kuthandizira kugaya: Tiyi wakuda amayamikiridwa mwamwambo chifukwa cha mphamvu yake “yochotsa mafuta” (解油腻, jiě yóunì) — zinthu za bioactive zimathandizira peristalsis, ndikuthandizira kugaya chakudya cholemera. Zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zakudya zolemera nyama ndi mkaka.
Zochita za antioxidant: Polyphenols, thearubigini, ndi polysaccharides ali ndi mphamvu yolepheretsa ma free radicals. Kuchita bwino kumagwirizana ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha catechins zovuta.
Zochita zofewa za tonic: Kafeini pamodzi ndi L-theanine imapereka mphamvu popanda chisangalalo chachikulu; chifukwa cha kuchuluka kochepa kwa kafeini tiyiyi siyambitsa kusowa tulo pamene imamwedwa pang’ono madzulo.
Kagayidwe ka mafuta: Kafukufuku wina wogwirizanitsa kumwa pafupipafupi pang’ono kwa tiyi wakuda wa Anhua ndi zizindikiro zabwino za mulingo wa kolesterolini ndi triglycerides, komabe izi sizilowa m’malo mwa uphungu wachipatala.
Dongosolo la mtima ndi mitsempha: Zinthu za polyphenolic zimathandizira kulimbitsa makoma a mitsempha ndikusunga kukutana kwawo.
Zochita zotenthetsa: Qiān Liǎng Chá ali ndi chikhalidwe “chofunda” (性温, xìng wēn) malinga ndi gulu la mankhwala achikhalidwe a China, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala woyenera kwambiri m’nyengo yozizira.
Kuthandizira chitetezo: Ma trace element (makamaka selenium), polysaccharides, ndi polyphenols otsalira amathandizira kusunga ntchito za chitetezo cha thupi.
Zoperewera: Anthu omwe ali ndi chisoni chachikulu ku kafeini, kuwonjezeka kwa gastritis kapena zilonda za mmimba ayenera kusamala. Ndikoyenera kusunga nthawi ya maola 1–2 pakati pa kumwa mankhwala ndi kumwa tiyi.

9. Kuthira:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 95–100°C (madzi otentha kwambiri).
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 5–7 g pa 100–150 ml ya madzi (njira ya gongfu / kutsanulira); 2–3 g pa 250 ml (kuthira); 6–10 g pa 500–800 ml (kuphika).
Chotengera: Mtsuko wadothi wopangidwa ndi dongo la Yixing (宜兴紫砂壶, Yíxīng zǐshā hú) — chisankho chabwino: dongo lolowera mpweya limakumbukira tiyiyo ndikumakulitsa kuya kwake. Gaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn) ndi woyenera kulawa ndikuyesa kutsanulira kwapadera. Pophika — mtsuko wothira utoto, wadothi, kapena wagalasi lolimba.
Madzi: Ofewa kapena omwe ali ndi mchere wapakatikati. Madzi olimba kwambiri amatsekereza kutsekemera ndikupangitsa madzi kukhala opanda kukoma.
Njira:
1. Kuthyola tiyi: Qiān Liǎng Chá waponderezedwa molimba kwambiri. Poyamba silinda imaduliwa kukhala “zidutswa” (zodula), kenako kuchokera pa chidutswacho ndi mpeni wa pu’er (茶针, cházhēn) kapena kachingwe amachotsa mosamala gawo lofunikira, kuyesetsa kusaphwanya tsamba.
2. Kutenthetsa chotengera: Tsitsani mtsuko kapena gaiwan ndi madzi otentha, mutenthetse makoma.
3. Kuthira tiyi: Ikani gawo loyezedwa mu chotenthetsedwacho.
4. Kutsuka (润茶, rùn chá): Thirani madzi otentha, dikirani masekondi 5–10 ndi kutsanulira. Izi “zimadzutsa” tsamba loponderezedwa molimba ndikuchotsa fumbi.
5. Kutsanulira koyamba: 95–100°C, kuthira masekondi 10–15. Tsanulirani mu chahai (公道杯, gōngdào bēi), kenako gawani m’makapu.
6. Kutsanulira kotsatira: Pang’onopang’ono onjezerani nthawi ndi masekondi 5–15 ndi kutsanulira kulikonse. Qiān Liǎng Chá wabwino amatha kutsanulira mopitirira 7–10, kutsegula mbali zatsopano za kukoma motsatizana.
7. Kuphika (煮茶, zhǔ chá): Amalimbikitsidwa makamaka kwa magulu osungidwa (zaka 5+). 6–10 g ya tiyi pa 500–800 ml ya madzi. Bweretsani kuwira pang’ono, phikani mphindi 1–3, chotsani pamoto ndi kusiya kwa mphindi zina 2–3. Msuzi umakhala wonga velvet, wokhuthala ndi wofewa.

Zofunika kuzindikira:

Musalekerere: kuthira kwa nthawi yayitali kumapangitsa kukoma kukhala kowawa mopambanitsa.
Mverani tiyiyo: sinthani nthawi yotsanulira malinga ndi malingaliro anu.
Qiān Liǎng Chá wosungidwa (zaka 15–20+) amatha kupirira makhumi a kutsanulira; malinga ndi umboni wa akatswiri, madzi amakhalabe onunkhira ngakhale patatha sabata imodzi atathiridwa.

10. Kusunga:

Qiān Liǎng Chá amapangidwira kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyenera amakula ndi nthawi. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri kuti akwaniritse kukoma kosakanikirana — zaka 5–15, ngakhale zitsanzo zabwino zimapitirizabe kukula kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri.

Malo: Chipinda chamdima, chopumira bwino popanda fungo lamphamvu. Kukhala moyandikana ndi zokometsera, khofi, nsomba, ndi zakudya zina zonunkhira n’kosaloledwa — hēichá amatenga mosavuta fungo lakunja.
Kutentha: 15–25°C, popanda kutenthedwa mopambanitsa ndi dzuwa lachindunji. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kumakhudza moipa njira yokhwima.
Chinyezi: Wapakatikati — pafupifupi 50–70%. Ngati n’kowuma kwambiri — tiyiyo “imaima” ndikutaya mphamvu ya kukula; ngati n’chonyowa kwambiri — chiopsezo cha nkhungu yosafunikira.
Chotengera: N’kabwino kusungira mu chotengera choyambirira cha nsungwi, kupereka mphepo. Zotengera za ceramic kapena zadothi, matumba a pepala ndi nsalu za zinthu zachilengedwe nazonso ndi zoyenera. Chotengera chotsekedwa — pokha pokha pakusunga kwakanthawi kwa magulu okhazikika kale.
Kuwongolera: Kulawa kamodzi pa miyezi 6–12 kumathandiza kutsatira kayendedwe ka kukhwima ndikupeza mavuto mwamsanga.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Qiān Liǎng Chá ndi tiyi wokwera mtengo, makamaka m’zitsanzo zosungidwa komanso pogwiritsa ntchito zopangira zakutchire (荒山茶). Mtengo umatsimikiziridwa ndi:

Zaka za tiyi: Wakale kwambiri — ndiye wokwera mtengo; zitsanzo za vintage (zaka 20–50+) zitha kuwononga ndalama zambiri makumi a yuan pa silinda.
Ubwino wa zopangira: Masika > chilimwe; zam’tchire > zam’minda; tsamba lonse > zidutswa.
Mbiri ya fakitore: Ma brand odziwika — Baishaxi (白沙溪), Yongtaifu (永泰福), Jinfenghou (晋丰厚), ndi ena.
Mikhalidwe ya kusunga: Zitsanzo zosungidwa bwino zimayamikiridwa mopitirira zambiri.

Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:

Gulani kwa opereka odalirika: Masitolo apadera a tiyi, okonzeka kutchula chaka, fakitore, gulu, ndi mikhalidwe ya kusunga. Funsani zithunzi za kudula kwa silinda.
Onani maonekedwe: Chomangira cha nsungwi chiyenera kukhala chabwino; thupi la tiyi pa kudula — lolimba, lofanana, lopanda mipata, lakuda ngati mafuta ndi kuwala.
Fufuzani fungo: Tiyi wouma ayenera kukhala ndi funga loyera la matabwa ndi zokometsera. Kuwunda, “kunyowa”, timiyala ta mankhwala, zonunkhira zosazolowereka — ndi zizindikiro za mavuto.
Onani madzi: Mtundu — woyera, kuchokera ku amber wakuda mpaka bulauni wofiira, woonekera. Kukhala wadambo ndi kukoma kwachilendo — ndi chizindikiro chochenjeza.
Chenjerani ndi mtengo wochepa mokayikitsa: Qiān Liǎng Chá weniweni sangakhale wotchipa — uwu ndi ntchito yamanja ya gulu la akatswiri ndi kuwumitsa kwachilengedwe kwanthawi yayitali.

12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:

«Tiyi ya moyo wonse»: Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu (36.25 kg) silinda ya Qiān Liǎng Chá nthawi zambiri imagulidwa kamodzi kwa zaka zambiri ndipo ngakhale imaperekedwa ngati cholowa.
Chopezeka cha mfumu: Chitsanzo chakale kwambiri chodziwika cha Qiān Liǎng Chá chimasungidwa ku Myuziyamu ya Gugong ku Beijing — ndi mphatso ya nthawi ya mfumu Jiaqing (wolamulira 1796–1820), yopezeka mu 1983 pakati pa zinthu zake.
Tiyi woyesedwa ndi madzi: Malinga ndi mwambo, amalonda a Shanxi pokayesa ubwino ankaiyika silinda yonse m’madzi — patatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri pachimake inkakhala youma.
Nyimbo zantchito: Pakupondereza akatswiri-杠爺 amaimba nyimbo za rhythm-號子, nyimbo zake, malinga ndi ofufuza, zimafanana ndi nyimbo zachi Shanxi — chizindikiro chakuti luntha linabadwa mogwirizana ndi amalonda a Shanxi.
«Atatu mwa imodzi»: Qiān Liǎng Chá ndi tiyi yekhayo pamene zotengera (nsungwi, khungwa la kanjedza, masamba a liao) zimapangidwa nthawi imodzi ndi mankhwala ndipo ndi gawo la luntha, lomwe limakhudza kukoma: nsungwi imapereka maziko amatabwa, ndipo masamba a liao — kachidontho ka udzu.
Mbiri ya padziko lonse: 2010 Shanghai «Expo» — Qiān Liǎng Chá ya fakitore ya «Yongtaifu» inakhala imodzi mwa «zinthu 100 za China» ndikulandira mphotho yapadera ya luso lachiwerengero.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Hēichá Ena:

Ndi Fú Zhuān Chá (茯砖茶, Fú Zhuān Chá): Onse ali awiri ndi tiyi wakuda wa Hunan, koma Fú Zhuān Chá ndi njerwa yokhala ndi “maluwa agolide” a fungus Eurotium cristatum (金花, jīnhuā), yomwe imapatsa timiyala ta bowa ndi mtedza. Qiān Liǎng Chá ndi silinda yopanda “jīnhuā”, yokhala ndi matabwa owonekera komanso zokometsera, ndi mwayi wa kutsekemera kwa uchi ndi zipatso pakusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. (Chidziwitso: m’zaka zaposachedwa opanga angapo aphunzira luntha la «金花花卷» — Qiān Liǎng Chá ndi maluwa agolide olumikizidwa, komabe kusinthaku n’kosintha, osati kwachikale.)
Ndi Liù Bǎo Chá (六堡茶, Liù Bǎo Chá): Tiyi wakuda wa Guangxi wokhala ndi kachidontho ka “kunyowa-m’nthaka” (槟榔香, bīnláng xiāng — fungo la betel) ndi mbiri yosiyana ya microbiological yosungidwa m’malo achinyezi. Qiān Liǎng Chá ndi wouma, “woyera”, wokhala ndi kapangidwe ka matabwa kotsekemera kowonekera.
Ndi Shú Pǔ’ěr (熟普洱, Shú Pǔ’ěr): Shú pǔ’ěr amapita ku kusandulika kwachangu kwa pambuyo pa njira ya Wò Duī (渥堆), zomwe zimapatsa kukoma kwa “nthaka” kwa masamba okhwima. Qiān Liǎng Chá amasandulika mwachilengedwe, monga Shēng Pǔ’ěr, — mawonekedwe ake ndi owonjezera matabwa ndi zokometsera, ochepera “nthaka”, ndi kutsekemera kwa uchi kowonjezeka.
Ndi Yǎ’ān Zàng Chá (雅安藏茶, Yǎ’ān Zàng Chá): Tiyi wa malire wa Sichuan wa msika wa Tibet — wokhwima kwambiri, wamphamvu, wokhala ndi “chakumwa” chodziwika bwino cha zakumwa za mkaka ndi mchere. Qiān Liǎng Chá nthawi zambiri amakhala wotsekemera komanso “wa uchi” pakusungidwa, wokhala ndi fungo la timiyala tambiri.

Pomaliza:

Qiān Liǎng Chá — tiyi-chipilala, chithunzithunzi cha mwambo wa zaka mazana awiri wa Anhua. Silinda yake yaikulu ya nsungwi, yobadwa kuchokera ku ntchito ya gulu la akatswiri pansi pa nyimbo za rhythm, imasunga mkati mwake mphamvu za mapiri a Hunan, chuma cha mchere cha dothi la glacial, ndi nzeru za masinthidwe a microbiological. Madzi ake — akuya, amber wofiira, okhala ndi fungo lodzaza la matabwa ndi zokometsera ndi kutsekemera kwautali kobwerera — amapereka kumva kokhazikika ndi mtendere. Uwu ndi tiyi wa iwo omwe amayamikira zowona, kukula, ndi kuleza mtima: Qiān Liǎng Chá amalipira ndi zaka za kusungidwa, kutsegula mbali zatsopano za timiyala ta uchi, zipatso, ndi camphor. Kumukhudza — ndiko kukhudza mbiri yomoyo ya Njira Yaikulu ya Tiyi.