Ubweya wa Phiri Pachigumula

Ubweya wa Phiri Pachigumula (瀑布毛峰, pùbù máo fēng) — «Phiri La Ubweya Pachigumula» — ndi tiyi wobiriwira wochokera ku mzinda wa Anshun (安顺市, Ānshùn Shì), m’chigawo cha Guizhou, wolimidwa m’mapiri ozungulira chigumula cha Huangguoshu (黄果树瀑布, Huángguǒshù Pùbù) — chigumula chachikulu kwambiri ku China ndi chimodzi mwazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse (kutalika mpaka 77.8 m, mulifupi mpaka 101 m, chigumula chokhacho chomwe chimawoneka kumbali zonse zisanu ndi chimodzi ndipo chili ndi phanga lachilengedwe lomwe limadutsa kuseri kwa chinsalu cha madzi). Minda ya tiyi ili pamtunda wa 1200–1600 m m’mapiri a karst ozungulira chigumula, ndipo nkhalango yophimba ndi 87.6% (pafupi ndi chigumulacho ndi 95%). Lu Yu anafotokoza malo abwino a mtengo wa tiyi monga «烂石» — «miyala yopasuka»; dothi la karst la ku Anshun ndi chithunzithunzi cha malo amenewo.

Anshun si mzinda wa ‘chigumula chachikulu’ (中国瀑乡) chokha, komanso ndi ‘mzinda wa tumpu’ (屯堡文化之乡) — midzi yankhondo yapadera ya nthawi ya Ming, yomwe inasunga chikhalidwe cha zaka za zana la 14 mpaka lero. Ndiponso asilikali a Ming ‘tunjun’ (屯军, asilikali apolisi), omwe anasamutsidwa ndi Zhu Yuanzhang kuchokera ku Jiangnan kuti awonetsetse kumwera chakumadzulo kwa China, ndiwo anabweretsa chikhalidwe cha kulima tiyi ndi njira zopangira zamakono za m’zaka za zana la 14 ku mapiri a Guizhou. M’dziko la alendo pali mwambi wina: «看唐朝到西安，看宋朝到杭州，看明朝到安顺» — «Kuti muwone Tang, pitani ku Xi’an; Song, pitani ku Hangzhou; Ming, pitani ku Anshun». Ubweya wa Phiri Pachigumula ndi khadi yolonjera yachikhalidwe cha ‘nyumba yamoyo ya Ming’ iyi: tiyi wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a ‘ngowe ya nsomba’ (鱼钩形), mapolifenoli 34.4%, ma amino asidi 4.65% ndi mphamvu yosungunulira 7+.

1. Kugawa ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), wopanda kuyera. Wokazinga theka/wowotcha theka (half-chǎo, half-hōng). Mawonekedwe — «ngowe ya nsomba» (鱼钩形, yúgōu xíng) ndi mawonekedwe a uzungulira (卷曲形, juǎnqū xíng) — uzungulira wolimba wapadera wokhala ndi nsonga yopindika, womwe sapezeka kumadera ena.

• Gawo: Mankhwala osindikizidwa ndi Geographic Indication ya China (国家地理标志产品, 2012). Mmodzi mwa ‘Tiyi Wamphamvu Asanu a Guizhou’ (贵州五大名茶, 2010). Mmodzi mwa ‘Tiyi Khumi Wapamwamba Kwambiri ku China’ (全国十大名茶, Shanghai, 2023). Mphotho yapadera ya ‘Zhong Cha Bei’ (中茶杯特等奖, 1994). Mankhwala omaliza omwe anapambana pa Chikondwerero Chachikulu cha Chikhalidwe cha Tiyi ku Shanghai (1995). Wodutsa magawo 400+ a EU.

• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Guizhou (贵州省), mzinda wa Anshun (安顺市): madera a Xixiu (西秀区), Pingba (平坝区), distilikiti ya Ziyun (紫云县). Ma coordinates: 105°55′–106°35′ E, 25°55′–26°32′ N. Malo abwino: Laoluopo (老落坡, 1365 m, dera la nkhungu), Bayang (坝羊, Se+Zn, organic ya EU), malo ozungulira chigumula cha Huangguoshu (黄果树, nkhalango 95%).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

• Mbiri: Chikhalidwe cha tiyi ku Anshun chidayamba ndi ‘tunjun’ a Ming — akalulu ankhondo a m’zaka za zana la 14. Mu 1381 (Hongwu 14) Zhu Yuanzhang adalamula kuti ‘调北征南, 调北填南’ — asilikali 300,000 ochokera ku Jiangnan (Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui) asamutsidwe ku Guizhou kuti athetse kuwukira kwa wolamulira wa Yuan ku Yunnan ndi kusungira dera la kumwera chakumadzulo. Anshun — ‘黔之腹、滇之喉、蜀粤之唇齿’ (‘mimba ya Guizhou, khosi la Yunnan, milomo ndi mano a Sichuan ndi Guangdong’) — inakhala malo a nkhondo. Asilikali atapambana, anawalamula kuti ‘屯田’ — akhazikike ndi kulima. Anabweretsa osati zida ndi zovala (zotchuka ‘凤阳汉装’ — ‘zovala za Han za ku Fengyang’, zomwe mbadwa zakale zikuvumbulabe, komanso zipewa za ‘dizhu’ — theatre ya zipilala, yomwe yakhala cholowa chosawoneka), komanso mbande za tiyi ndi njira zopangira zamakono za m’zaka za zana la 14. Malinga ndi nthano, wamalonda wamkulu wa China Shen Wansan (沈万三) adakonza ma caravan omwe adatulutsa tiyi wa Anshun kudzera ku Tianlong Tunpu (天龙屯堡) kumpoto, kumwera ndi kum’mawa. Mpaka pano ku Anshun kuli zidutswa za ‘Chamagudao’ — ‘Njira Yakale ya Tiyi ndi Mahatchi’ (茶马古道), malo a positi (茶马驿站) ndi zipinda zodyera (茶馆遗址), kumene tiyi ankadutsa zaka 600 zapitazo.

Ubweya wa Phiri Pachigumula wamakono udapangidwa mu 1991 ndi akatswiri a zaulimi a ku Anshun pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yapakati ndi yaying’ono ya masamba akumaloko. Poyamba ankatchedwa ‘Huangguoshu Mao Feng’ (黄果树毛峰, ‘Phiri La Ubweya la Huangguoshu’). Mu 1994 — mphotho yapadera ‘Zhong Cha Bei’. Mu 1997 chizindikiro cha ‘瀑布’ (‘Chigumula’) chidalembetsedwa. Mu 2010 — kuphatikizidwa mu ‘Asanu a Guizhou’. Mu 2023 — ‘Khumi Wapamwamba Kwambiri ku China’ (Chikondwerero cha Chikhalidwe cha Tiyi ndi Zotuluka Padziko Lonse ku Shanghai).

• Dzina: 瀑布 (Pùbù) — ‘chigumula’ (kutanthauza Huangguoshu); 毛峰 (Máo Fēng) — ‘phiri la ubweya’ — dzina lokhazikika kwa tiyi wobiriwira wokhala ndi ubweya wambiri pa nsonga. Tanthauzo lonse: ‘Phiri La Ubweya Pachigumula’.

• Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe: Anshun ndi mzinda wokhala pa mphambano za zikhalidwe: zithunzithunzi za karst zapadziko lonse (Huangguoshu — chigumula chachikulu kwambiri ku China; Longgong — phanga lalikulu kwambiri lamadzi; Getuhe — ‘malo okongola koposa pa dziko’ malinga ndi ofufuza wa ku France Richard Maillè), chikhalidwe cha Ming cha tumpu chomwe chiri ndi moyo (midzi yoposa 300 kuyambira zaka za zana la 14), batiki, ‘dizhu’ (地戏, ‘opera wapamtunda’ — theatre ya zipilala, ‘chimbalang’ chimodzi chakale cha masewero a China). Ubweya wa Phiri Pachigumula — ndi tiyi wobadwa m’chitoliro cha chilengedwe ndi mbiri: ngati Huangguoshu ndi Anshun ya m’maso, ndiye kuti ‘Ubweya wa Phiri’ ndi Anshun ya m’kamwa.

3. Kufotokozera Kwamasamba ndi Zipangizo:

• Mtundu / cultivar: Woyamba — Fuding Dabai Cha (福鼎大白茶), wokhala ndi ubweya wamphamvu ndi kumera mofulumira; wochokera ku Fujian, koma wokolola bwino ku nyengo ya karst ya ku mapiri. Powonjezera — Anshun Zhuyeqing (安顺竹叶青, ‘Msamba wobiriwira wa nsungwi wa Anshun’) ndi Xiye Taicha (细叶苔茶, ‘Tiyi wa udzu wamasamba ang’ono’) — mitundu ya mbewu zazing’ono za kuno, zomwe zakhala zikuloledwa ndi karst ndi dothi lolemera la Se+Zn. Kuphatikiza kwa mbande ya Fujian (ubweya, ma amino asidi) ndi mbewu zakumaloko (Se, mapolifenoli) kumapanga mbiri ya mankhwala ya padera ya Ubweya wa Phiri. Mitengo yambiri ndi ya zaka 30+, zomwe zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa michere ndi kuya kwa kukoma.

• Kututa: M’nyengo yachisanu — pafupi ndi Qingming. Mulingo: wapamwamba kwambiri — 90%+ ya nsonga zokhazokha; woyamba — nsonga imodzi + tsamba limodzi; lachiwiri — nsonga imodzi + masamba awiri. Kulemera kwa nsonga 100 — pafupifupi 45 g.

• Mitundu:

  • Wapamwamba Kwambiri (特级): 90%+ nsonga zokhazokha. Fungo la makandulo. Ma amino asidi ≥4.0%. Kuyambira 500 yuan/500 g.
  • Woyamba (一级): Nsonga imodzi + tsamba limodzi ≥80%. Fungo la uchi. Mapolifenoli ≥30%.
  • Lachiwiri (二级): Nsonga imodzi + masamba awiri. Mtengo wopezeka.

4. Malo (Terroir) ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Anshun ali pakati pa Guizhou — ‘chigaza’ cha mapiri a Yunnan-Guizhou — pamtunda wa 1200–1600 m, m’dera la maonekedwe a karst.

• Nyengo: Kutentha kwapakati pa chaka 14–15 °C. Masiku a nkhungu — 200+ pachaka. Kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku ndi kwakukulu — kumalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa ma amino asidi. Kuwala komwe kumafalikira kumakhala kochuluka.

• Dothi: Dothi lachikasu ndi lofiira lachikasu (黄壤/黄红砂壤, pH 4.5–6.5). Lolemera Zn ndi Se. Maziko a karst — «烂石» (miyala yopasuka), yomwe Lu Yu adayifotokoza ngati ‘dothi lapamwamba [labwino koposa] kwa tiyi’ (《茶经》: «其地，上者生烂石，中者生砾壤» — ‘Malo abwino kwambiri ndi miyala yopasuka; apakati ndi dothi la miyala’). Dothi la karst la ku Anshun ndi chithunzithunzi cha chimake cha miyala ya laimu, dolomite ndi sandstone, zomwe zakhala zikuwonongedwa ndi madzi ndi mphepo kwa mamiliyoni a zaka, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi malongosoledwe a zaka 1200 apitawa. Lolemera michere: silikoni, manganese, chitsulo. Mwambi wa m’deralo: «自古煤山出好茶» — ‘Kuyambira kale mapiri a malasha amatulutsa tiyi wabwino’ — dothi la mchenga lomwe liri ndi zidutswa za malasha, lomwe limapezeka ku Anshun, limapereka mpweya wabwino, kuyenda kwa mpweya ndi chakudya cha michere.

• Zachilengedwe: Nkhalango yophimba ndi 87.6% (pafupi ndi chigumula cha Huangguoshu ndi 95%). Mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi feteleza zoletsedwa. Wodutsa magawo 400+ a EU. Dongosolo la chilengedwe la karst ku Anshun ndi limodzi mwa loyera kwambiri ku China: palibe mafakitale, kuyeretsa madzi kudzera mu zosefera zachilengedwe za karst. Utsi wamadzi wochokera ku mathithi a Huangguoshu (mathithi 18 amapanga ‘banja’, lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse malinga ndi Guinness) umapanga nyengo yamene imakhala yonyowa nthawi zonse pamapiri ozungulira chigumulacho — mitengo ya tiyi pano imalandira osati madzi a mvula okha, komanso ‘nkhungu yachigumula’. Zamoyo zosiyanasiyana za m’nkhalango zachilengedwe zimapereka chitetezo chachilengedwe ku tizilombo: mileme yodyera udzu ndi youluka, akangaude ndi tizilombo tosaka zilombo zimalamulira kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

5. Njira Zopangira:

• Kuyala (摊青): Maola 3–5.

• Kuletsa masamba obiriwira (杀青): Ng’oma yozungulira, 180–220 °C.

• Kukulunga mopepuka (揉捻): Mochenjera — kusunga ubweya (保毫).

• “Kukulunga ndi kukweza ubweya” (搓团提毫, cuōtuán tíháo): Gawo lofunika ndi lovuta kwambiri — kumanga ndi manja mu mawonekedwe a ‘ngowe ya nsomba’. Mmisiri akukulunga tsamba m’manja mwa kuzungulira molimba ndi nsonga yopindika, nthawi yomweyo ‘akukweza’ ubweya kuti uime wong’amba. Kuyenda kumafanana ndi ‘kukulunga mpira’ — koma ndi mayendedwe olamulidwa, omwe amatulutsa mawonekedwe a ‘ngowe’. Ntchitoyi imatenga mphindi 15–20 pagawo lililonse ndipo imafuna kulamulira kosalekeza kwa kutentha kwa m’manja. Zida za nsungwi ndi matabwa zokha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito — chitsulo chimachotsedwa (chimachititsa kuvunda ndi kukoma kwachitsulo).

• Kuumitsa (烘干): 80 °C, pang’onopang’ono, mpaka chinyezi chochepera 7%.

• Makhalidwe: Njira yonse — kuchokera kututa mpaka kupaka m’maphukusi — imachitidwa popanda kukhudza chitsulo: madengu a nsungwi, matirini amatabwa, ziduwa za nsungwi. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa tiyi wobiriwira wamakono kwambiri wa ku Guizhou.

6. Makhalidwe Abwino (Mawonekedwe ndi Kukoma):

• Mawonekedwe a tsamba louma: Mapindidwe olimba a mawonekedwe a ‘ngowe ya nsomba’ (鱼钩形) — mawonekedwe apadera a ku Anshun: olimba, okhwima, okhala ndi nsonga yopindika ndi yakuthwa. Mtundu — wobiriwira ngati emeralo wokhala ndi ubweya wambiri wa siliva (翠绿油润显银毫).

• Fungo la tsamba louma: La makandulo (栗香, lì xiāng) — lalikulu, lozama. Lopanda fungo lobiriwira (清香). ‘Fungo la ubweya’ (毫香, háo xiāng) — fungo lofatsa la chimanga, lomwe limadziwika ndi tiyi wokhala ndi ubweya wambiri.

• Fungo la madzi: La makandulo ndi loyera, lokhazikika. Likamazizira — fungo lofatsa la ‘mkate’ ndi ‘chimanga’.

• Kukoma: Kwatsopano ndi kofewa (鲜醇). Kotsekemera (甘). Kukoma kobwerera kumbuyo pambuyo pomwa — kowonekera ndi kosalekeza (回甘明显). Mkwiyo ndi kutsekemera zochepa kwambiri.

• Mtundu wa madzi: Wobiriwira ngati emeralo, wowonekera ndi wowala (翠绿清澈透亮).

• Tsamba lotsalira: Lofewa, lofanana, ‘lamoyo’ — lachikasu ndi lobiriwira (嫩匀鲜活、黄绿明亮).

• Kusungunulira: 7+ mawiri — chimodzi mwazizindikiro zokwera kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira. Mawonekedwe okhwima a ‘ngowe ya nsomba’ amatulutsa zinthu pang’onopang’ono.

7. Zomwe Ziri M’mankhwala:

• Mapolifenoli (茶多酚): ≥34.4% — chimodzi mwazizindikiro zokwera kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira wa ku Guizhou ndi China yense.

• Ma amino asidi (氨基酸): ≥4.65% — zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha masiku oposa 200 a nkhungu, kuwala kofalikira ndi michere ya karst.

• Kafeini (咖啡碱): 4.23% — yokwera, yomwe imapereka mphamvu yotsitsimula.

• Michere: Se + Zn — kuchokera ku dothi la karst. Silikoni, manganese, chitsulo.

• Zinthu zotuluka m’madzi: ≥40% (pa gawo lachiwiri) — mulingo wokwera, womwe umatulutsa madzi otsuka oyenera.

8. Ubwino wa Umoyo:

• Chitetezo champhamvu chothana ndi mpweya wosavundikira (antioxidant): Mapolifenoli 34.4% — chimodzi mwazokwera kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira.

• Mphamvu yotsitsimula: Kafeini 4.23% ikugwirizana ndi L-theanine — mphamvu popanda mantha.

• Kuthandizira kugaya chakudya: Makatekini amathandizira kusweka kwa mafuta.

• Kulemera ndi Se+Zn: Kuchokera ku dothi la karst la ku Anshun.

• Zofunika: Zomwe zatchulidwazi zikuchokera ku zomwe anthu ambiri amadziwa ndipo si upangiri wamankhwala. Osavomerezeka kumwa pa njala. Madzi otentha >90 °C amawononga L-theanine ndikupereka mkwiyo. Tsani m’mbali mwa mkho — osathira pamtengo mwachindunji (zimachotsa ubweya, zimatulutsa madzi osokonekera).

9. Kuwira:

• Njira yotentha: 85–90 °C, 3 g pa 150 ml (1:50). Gawo lapamwamba — njira yothira madzi pamwamba (先水后茶). Tsani m’mbali mwa mkho (沿杯壁缓流), osati pamasamba. Mphukira yoyamba — mphindi imodzi, iliyonse yotsatira +20 sekondi. 7+ mawiri.

• Njira yozizira (冷泡法): 1 g pa 50 ml ya madzi ozizira. Mphindi 30 mufiriji. Kutsekemera kumawonjezeka +20% kuyerekeza ndi kuthira motentha. Chifukwa: pa kutentha kochepa ma amino asidi (kutsekemera, ‘umami’) amatuluka kwambiri, pomwe mapolifenoli (mkwiyo, kutsekemera) amatuluka pang’ono. Zotsatira — kutsekemera koyera, ‘kotsimikiza’ kopanda mkwiyo. Koyenera kwambiri ku Guizhou m’chilimwe (kutentha kwapakati pa chaka ku Anshun ndi 14–15 °C, koma m’chilimwe kumafika 28–30 °C; anthu akumaloko amamwa ‘Ubweya wa Phiri’ wozizira ngati chakumwa chotsitsimula).

• Zida: Mkho wagalasi — kuti muwone ‘ngowe za nsomba’ zikutseguliratu pang’onopang’ono m’madzi.

10. Kusunga:

• Kutentha: 0–5 °C, momata.
• Kuwala: Kupatulidwa kwathunthu.
• Nthawi: Tiyi watsopano — masiku 7 ‘mpumulo’ kuti atulutse ‘moto’. Atatsegulidwa — masiku 10.

11. Mtengo ndi Zoyezera Zonyenga:

Ubweya wa Phiri Pachigumula ndi tiyi wapamwamba-msanga. Wapamwamba kwambiri — kuyambira 500 yuan/500 g; woyamba — 200–500 yuan; lachiwiri — lotsika mtengo.

• Momwe mungapetse zonyenga: GI ya «瀑布毛峰», chizindikiro «瀑布». Mawonekedwe — ‘ngowe za nsomba’ (鱼钩形). Fungo la makandulo. 7+ mawiri — kuyesa kwa mphamvu.

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:

• Chigumula chachikulu kwambiri ku China. Huangguoshu (黄果树瀑布) — kutalika mpaka 77.8 m, mulifupi mpaka 101 m — ndi chigumula chokhacho padziko lonse chomwe chingawonedwe kumbali zonse zisanu ndi chimodzi, kuphatikizapo mkati (kudzera phanga lachilengedwe la ‘Nsalu ya Madzi’ — 水帘洞, Shuǐlián Dòng — kuseri kwa khoma la madzi; m’chikhalidwe cha anthu phanga limeneli limalumikizidwa ndi malo a Sun Wukong ochokera ku ‘Ulendo Wopita Kumadzulo’, ndipo mu sewero la kanema wa 1986 anali kujambulidwa malo a ‘Phanga la Chigumula’ pano). Wofufuza wa Ming Xu Xiake (徐霞客), yemwe anayendera chigumulachi mu 1638 pa ulendo wake womaliza wamkulu, analemba kuti: «一溪悬捣，万练飞空» — ‘Mtsinje umodzi umamenya, wopachikidwa [kumwamba], zikwi khumi za nsalu za silika zikuwulukira m’chipululu’. Ili ndi malongosoledwe oyamba otsimikizika a Huangguoshu. Minda ya tiyi ya Ubweya wa Phiri ili pamtunda wa makilomita angapo kuchokera ku chozizwitsa chimenechi.

• “Kuti muwone Ming — pitani ku Anshun.” «看唐朝到西安，看宋朝到杭州，看明朝到安顺» — mwambi wa alendo. Midzi yoposa 300 ya tumpu (屯堡) — midzi yankhondo ya zaka za zana la 14 — yasunga zovala za Ming (凤阳汉装, ‘zovala za Han za ku Fengyang’ — azimayi akadali kuyenda mu mikanjo yayitali yabuluu yokhala ndi manja okulirapo, monga momwe ankanvalira m’nthawi ya Ming), theatre ya zipilala ‘dizhu’ (地戏, ‘opera wapamtunda’ — ankhondo okhala ndi zipilala zamatabwa amasewera zochitika za mu ‘Ufumu wa Atatu’ ndi ‘Malo a Mitsinje’; amadziwika ngati ‘chimbalang’ chakale cha masewero a China’), zakudya ndi zomanga za miyala. Tiyi adabwera kuno limodzi ndi asilikaliwa — ndipo, monga zovala ndi theatre yawo, adasunga ‘DNA’ yaukadaulo ya Jiangnan ya zaka za zana la 14.

• ‘Ngowe ya nsomba’ (鱼钩形). Mawonekedwe apadera — mapindidwe olimba okhala ndi nsonga yopindika yakutheka, omwe sapezeka kumadera ena a tiyi ku China. Ndiwo omwe amapereka zodabwitsa za 7+ mawiri: ‘ngowe’ yokhwima imatseguka pang’onopang’ono, ikutulutsa zinthu mosintha — choyamba ma amino asidi (kutsekemera kwa mawiri oyamba), kenako mapolifenoli (kutsekemera kwakumapeto). Poyerekeza, tiyi wamba wobiriwira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe okulungika amatha kupirira mawiri 3–5, ndipo wosalala (Longjing) amatha 2–4.

• Mapolifenoli 34.4%. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zokwera kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wonse wobiriwira wa ku China. Poyerekeza: tiyi wamba wobiriwira — 20–30%.

• Lu Yu ndi «烂石». «其地，上者生烂石» — ‘Malo abwino [kwambiri pa tiyi] ndi miyala yopasuka’. Dothi la karst la ku Anshun ndi chithunzithunzi cha malongosoledwe a zaka 1200 apitawa.

• Nkhalango 95% kumene kuli chigumula. Dera lozungulira Huangguoshu ndi limodzi mwa madera a nkhalango zambiri ku China: mitengo, udzu wamtundu, zitsamba, ma orchid amapanga ‘belu lobiriwira’, lomwe mitengo ya tiyi imalandira kuunika kofalikira ndi chinyezi chosalekeza chochokera ku utsi wamadzi.

• Popanda chitsulo. Nsungwi ndi matabwa pa magawo onse opangira — kuchokera kututa mpaka kuumitsa. Chitsulo chimachotsedwa: chimayambitsa kuvunda ndi kukoma.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina Wobiriwira wa ku Guizhou:

• Meitan Cui Ya (湄潭翠芽, Méitán Cuì Yá): Kumwera kwa Guizhou. Mawonekedwe osalala. Fungo la makandulo. Wambiri komanso wopezeka. Ubweya wa Phiri — mawonekedwe ozungulira a ‘ngowe’, mapolifenoli okwera (34.4% vs ~28%).

• Duyun Mao Jian (都匀毛尖, Dōuyún Máo Jiān): Kumwera kwa Guizhou, ‘tiyi wachiwiri wotchuka wa Mao Zedong’ (1956). Mawonekedwe ozungulira okhala ndi ubweya wambiri. Fungo — loyera, lopanda fungo lofunikira la makandulo. Wofewa komanso ‘wonga maluwa’. Ubweya wa Phiri — wonga ‘makandulo’, ‘wamphamvu’ komanso wosungunulira (7+ vs 4–5 mawiri). Onsewa amachokera ku madera a karst a Guizhou, koma Duyun amachokera ku ‘Maojian Zhongzhun’ (毛尖种) yaying’ono, pomwe Ubweya wa Phiri amachokera ku Fuding Dabai Cha.

• Lübaoshi Cha (绿宝石茶, Lǜbǎoshí Chá): Pakati pa Guizhou (Guiyang), ‘Emeraldi Wobiriwira’. Wamawu akulu (nsonga imodzi + masamba awiri kapena atatu), wosungunulira (6+ mawiri), wozama. Ubweya wa Phiri — wofewa (gawo la nsonga), wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a ‘ngowe’ ndi ma amino asidi okwera.

Pomaliza:

Ubweya wa Phiri Pachigumula — ndi tiyi wobadwa m’dera lakuthirira kwa chigumula chachikulu kwambiri ku China, pa karst ya «烂石» — dothi yomwe ili yopasuka, yomwe Lu Yu adayitcha ‘yabwino kwambiri pa tiyi’ zaka khumi ndi ziwiri zapitazo. ‘Ngowe zake za nsomba’ — mapindidwe olimba a siliva ndi obiriwira — akutseguka m’mkho mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena kuposerapo, akutulutsa fungo la makandulo ndi mapolifenoli 34.4%. Kuseri kwa khothi lililonse kuli mbiri ya zaka 600 ya asilikali a Ming, omwe adabweretsa tiyi kuchokera ku Jiangnan ku mapiri a Guizhou, ndi zikwi khumi za nsalu zakuulukira m’chipululu ku Huangguoshu. Wirani pa 85 °C, ndikutsani m’mbali mwa mkho — ndipo mulole ‘ngowe’ zikuwuzani nkhani ya chigumula, miyala ndi anthu omwe adasunga chikhalidwe cha Ming mpaka lero.