Pínghé Bái Yá Qí Lán · new.thetea.app

Pínghé Bái Yá Qí Lán ndi umodzi mwa maulong ofunika kwambiri a Minnan, chizindikiro cha kupanga tiyi m’chigawo cha Pínghé, m’chigawo cha Fujian. Tiyi ameneyu amasiyanitsidwa pakati pa maulong akum’mwera kwa Fujian ndi fungo lake lamphamvu komanso lokhazikika la maluwa a orchid, limene linapangitsa dzina lake ndi kudziwika kwake pamalonda. Kuyambira 2020, Pínghé Bái Yá Qí Lán adalembedwa m’kaundula wa zizindikiro za malo otetezedwa ndi mgwirizano pakati pa China ndi European Union.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Ulong (tiyi wophikidwa pang’ono, 青茶, qīngchá). Amatulutsidwa m’njira ziwiri zazikulu: qīngxiāng (清香型, qīngxiāng xíng) – kuvunda pang’ono, mawonekedwe atsopano a maluwa; nóngxiāng (浓香型, nóngxiāng xíng) – kuvunda kwakukulu komwe kumapatsa kakomedwe ka uchi ndi orchid.
Gulu: Maulong a Minnan (闽南乌龙, mǐnnán wūlóng). Amalowa m’gulu la tiyi asanu otsogola a chigawo cha Fujian, pamodzi ndi Tiěguānyīn (铁观音), Wǔyí Yán Chá (武夷岩茶), Shuǐxiān wa Mǐnběi (闽北水仙) ndi Yǒngchūn Fóshǒu (永春佛手).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Fujian (福建省, Fújiàn shěng), mzinda wa Zhāngzhōu (漳州市, Zhāngzhōu shì), chigawo cha Pínghé (平和县, Pínghé xiàn). Dera lalikulu la kupanga limaphatikizapo matauni 9 ndi midzi 91 yoyang’anira. Pakatikati pa kupanga ndi tawuni ya Qílǐng (崎岭乡, Qílǐng xiāng), mudzi wa Péngxī (彭溪村, Péngxī cūn), kumene kuli mitengo yoyambirira ya mtundu uwu, komanso malo ozungulira phiri la Dàqín (大芹山, Dàqín shān) ndi matauni a Jiǔfēng (九峰镇, Jiǔfēng zhèn) ndi Xiázhài (霞寨镇, Xiázhài zhèn).
Malo a geographical coordinates: Pafupifupi 24°02′–24°35′ N, 116°54′–117°31′ E. Pakatikati pa kupanga kuli m’mapiri a Dàqín – nsonga yayitali kwambiri m’mzinda wa Zhāngzhōu (1544.8 m pamwamba pa nyanja).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Malinga ndi mbiri yofala kwambiri, mtundu uwu unapezeka m’nthawi ya Qing, mu ulamuliro wa Emperor Qiánlóng (清乾隆年间, 1735–1795): pansi pa phiri la Dàqín, m’mudzi wa Péngxī, pafupi ndi chitsime (水井, shuǐjǐng), mtengo wachilendo wa tiyi unamera – mphukira zake zazing’ono zinali zoyera-zobiriwira. Anthu akumaloko anatola masamba ndi kupanga ulong, omwe anawasangalatsa ndi fungo la orchid lalikulu. Umu ndi momwe dzina lakuti “Bái Yá Qí Lán” linabadwira. Mtundu unafalitsidwa mwa mbewu, ndipo mpaka pano mbiri yake yakwana zaka zoposa 250. Palinso nthano ina yakale yomwe imati mtengo uwu unapezeka m’nthawi ya Ming, mu ulamuliro wa Chénghuà (明成化年间, 1465–1487), ndipo umalumikizidwa ndi mbadwa ya Chén Yuánguāng (陈元光, Chén Yuánguāng) – “woyera woyambitsa Zhāngzhōu” wodziwika bwino (开漳圣王, kāi Zhāng shèngwáng).

Mbiri yamakono ya kusankha inayamba mu 1981, pamene akatswiri a sayansi a chigawo cha Pínghé anachita kusankha mwadala kuchokera ku gulu la tiyi la m’deralo (有性群体, yǒuxìng qúntǐ) m’mbali mwa mtsinje m’mudzi wa Péngxī ndipo anapeza clone yodalirika. Mu 1986, mtundu unalandira dzina “Bái Yá Qí Lán” kuchokera ku ofesi ya zaulimi ya chigawocho. Mu 1996, Komiti Yovomerezeka ya Zomera Zaulimi ya chigawo cha Fujian (福建省农作物审定委员会) inavomereza kuti ndi “mtundu watsopano wodalirika wa mtengo wa tiyi wa chigawo” (省级茶树新良种).

Zofunikira za zaka zotsatira: mu 1997, pa kuyesa tiyi kwa “Maulong Otsogola a M’nyengo Yophuka a Fujian” magalamu 500 a Bái Yá Qí Lán a mtundu wa “mfumu ya tiyi” (茶王, cháwáng) anagulitsidwa pamsika wapa auction pa mtengo wa yuan 180,000 – mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri panthawiyo wa maulong ku China. Mu 2000, chigawo cha Pínghé chinalandira udindo wa “Kwawo kwa Tiyi wa China (Bái Yá Qí Lán)” (中国茶叶之乡). Mu 2015, chitetezo chinalembedwa pansi pa muyezo wa “Chizindikiro cha Geographical Indication cha Zinthu Zaulimi za PRC” (国家农产品地理标志). Mu 2020, tiyi adalowa m’gawo lachiwiri la “Kaundula wa Geographical Indications wa China-EU” (中欧地理标志保护名录). Pofika 2024, mtengo wa mtundu wa dera wa “Pínghé Bái Yá Qí Lán” ukuti ndi yuan 40.77 biliyoni.
Dzina: Pínghé Bái Yá Qí Lán (平和白芽奇兰) – liwu lophatikizana: Pínghé (平和) ndi dzina la chigawo, kutanthauza “mtendere ndi mgwirizano”; Bái Yá (白芽) – “mphukira zoyera,” kufotokoza maonekedwe a mphukira zazing’ono zoyera-zobiriwira; Qí Lán (奇兰) – “orchid yodabwitsa,” kufotokoza fungo la orchid la tiyi womalizidwa. Zonse pamodzi dzinalo limaonetsa malo a chiyambi ndi maonekedwe awiri ofunikira a mtundu – mtundu wa mphukira ndi mtundu wa fungo.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Bái Yá Qí Lán ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha tiyi cha chigawo cha Pínghé ndi mzinda wa Zhāngzhōu, umodzi mwa maulong a Minnan osiyana kwambiri. Tiyi wakhala chimene chimathandiza pa chitukuko cha chuma ndi chikhalidwe cha dera: mabanja oposa 10,000 a m’chigawochi amagwira ntchito yopanga tiyi, ndipo mtengo wonse wa gawo la tiyi umapitirira yuan 2 biliyoni. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1990, Bái Yá Qí Lán akutumiza kunja ku Japan, mayiko a European Union ndi Southeast Asia. Anthu amati za iye: “Kuli bwino kusiya magawo atatu a madzi ochokera ku Dambo la Yáochí, kusiyana ndi kutaya theka la utsi wa fungo la Qí Lán” (宁弃瑶池三分水，不舍奇兰半缕香, nìng qì yáochí sān fēn shuǐ, bù shě qílán bàn lǚ xiāng).

3. Kufotokoza Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu / Cultivar: Bái Yá Qí Lán (白芽奇兰) – mtundu wa clone (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis), wa mtundu wa shrub (灌木型, guànmù xíng), wa gulu lamasamba apakatikati (中叶类, zhōngyè lèi), wa nthawi yophuka mochedwa (晚生种, wǎnshēng zhǒng). Chomera chachikulu chapakatikati, korona yotambasukira pang’ono (树姿半开张), nthambi zokhuthala bwino. Masamba ndi ovali wautali, obiriwira mdima, onyezimira, ndi pamwamba pokwera pang’ono ndi m’mphepete mopindika; masamba ake ndi athyathyathya, nsonga yake yakuthwa pang’onopang’ono, m’mphepete mwa masambawo ndi akuthwa, akuya ndi ofulira; masambawo ndi olimba komanso osweka mosavuta. Mbali yake yaikulu ndi yakuti mphukira zazing’ono ndi zobiriwira-zoyera-zachikasu, ndi tsitsi lochepetsetsa. Kulemera kwa mphukira 100 (phukira limodzi + masamba atatu) – pafupifupi 139 g. Maluwa ndi masamba 7, pistil yogawanika katatu.
Kututa: Nyengo zazikulu ndi masika ndi matalala. Tiyi wamasika (春茶, chūnchá) amatuta mu March-May, amapanga pafupifupi 60% ya zokolola za pachaka ndipo amadziwika ndi fungo la orchid loyera komanso kakomedwe katsopano. Tiyi wamatalala (秋茶, qiūchá) – September-October, amadziwika ndi kakomedwe kokatentha komanso kokulirapo, ndi kukhazikika kwakukulu pakupanga. Kwa tiyi wapamwamba kwambiri, kututa kumachitika tsiku la Gǔyǔ lisanafike (谷雨, gǔyǔ) – mphukira zofewa kwambiri za kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Mulingo wa kututa: Amadikirira mpaka gawo la “phukira lotsekula theka kapena lotsekula pang’ono” (驻芽小开面至中开面). Phukira lokhazikika – phukira limodzi ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu (一芽二至三叶); kwa magulu apadera – phukira limodzi ndi tsamba limodzi. Tsamba liyenera kukhala lathunthu, la kukhwima kofanana, popanda kuwonongeka kwa makina ndi fungo lina.

4. Terroir ndi Mbali Za Kulima:

Dera ndi mawonekedwe a nthaka: Chigawo cha Pínghé chili kum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa mzinda wa Zhāngzhōu, pakati pa mapiri, zigwa za mitsinje ndi zigwa za mapiri. Pakatikati pa dera la tiyi ndi phiri la Dàqín (大芹山) ndi phiri la Língtōng (灵通山, Língtōng shān, kale Dàfēng-shān, 大峰山). Nkhalango zomwe zili pakati pa kupanga zimafika 87.4%. Mawonekedwe a nthaka – kusinthana kwa mapiri apakatikati, mapiri aakulu ndi mapiri ang’onoang’ono; minda ya tiyi yopangidwa mwamakwerero imakhala m’mapiri otsetsereka mpaka 25°.
Malo okulirapo: Dera lalikulu la kulima – kuchokera 500 mpaka 1200 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Nsongayo ya Dàqín – 1544.8 m – ndi malo okwera kwambiri a mzinda wonse wa Zhāngzhōu. Magawo okwera (kuchokera 800 m) chaka chonse amakutidwa ndi mitambo ndi chifunga, zomwe zimapereka mkhalidwe wakuti “mapiri apamwamba amitambo amabweretsa tiyi wabwino” (高山云雾出好茶, gāoshān yúnwù chū hǎo chá).
Nyengo: Ya kum’mwera kwa subtropiki yamkuntho (dera losinthira ku katikati kwa subtropiki). Kutentha kwapachaka kwapakati 17.5–21.2 °C. Mvula yapachaka – 1600–2000 mm, kutuluka kwa madzi pachaka – pafupifupi 1400 mm. Masiku achifunga – oposa 200 pachaka. Nthawi yopanda chisanu – oposa masiku 300. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku pamalo okwera oposa 500 m kumathandiza kusunga kufewa kwa mphukira kwa nthawi yayitali, kudzikundikira kwa mankhwala onunkhira ndi ma amino acid.
Nthaka: Nthaka zofiira zokhala ndi asidi wambiri (red soils) zokhala ndi pH 4.5–5.5 – malo odziwika bwino a mitengo ya tiyi. Nthaka ndi yakuya, yofewa, yotulutsa madzi bwino, yolemera ndi organic matter. Mbali yofunikira kwambiri – kuchuluka kwa selenium: malinga ndi data ya Fujian Analytical Center, kuchuluka kwa Se m’nthaka za minda yaikulu ndi 0.74–0.80 mg/kg, zomwe zimatchedwa “nthaka yolemera ndi selenium” (富硒土壤, fù xī tǔrǎng; mlingo wochepera ≥ 0.4 mg/kg). Izi zimalemeretsa tiyi ndi microelement yokhala ndi mphamvu za antioxidant ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yamtengo wapatali.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Kupanga kwa Bái Yá Qí Lán kumatsatira njira yachikale ya maulong a Minnan, koma kumasiyana ndi njira yapadera ya “kupota katatu ndi kuyanika katatu” (三揉三烘, sān róu sān hōng), yomwe imapanga kupota kolimba kosiyanasiyana ndi kuwulula fungo lakuya la mtundu.

Kututa / 采摘 — cǎizhāi: Amathyola mphukira zapamwamba za gawo la “phukira lotsekula theka kapena lotsekula pang’ono” (phukira limodzi + masamba 3-4). Zopangira zomwe zatulidwa zimatumizidwa msanga ku fakitale, kupewa kutenthedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina.
Kufota m’thunzi / 晾青 — liàngqīng: Kumwaza pang’onopang’ono m’thunzi kuti tiyi atayire madzi pang’ono ndi kufewetsa masamba.
Kufota padzuwa / 晒青 — shàiqīng: Kudziwonetsera padzuwa kwakanthawi kochepa kuti ma enzymes agwire ntchito ndi kuyambitsa kupanga fungo.
Kugwedeza ndi oxidation / 摇青 — yáoqīng: Mndandanda wa “kugwedeza – kupuma,” pomwe m’mphepete mwa masamba amavulala mwadala ndi makina, zomwe zimayambitsa oxidation pang’ono. Pa nthawi imeneyi ndipamene fungo la orchid la mtundu uwu limapangika. Kwa kalembedwe ka qīngxiāng (清香型) kuchuluka kwa kuvunda n’kochepa, kwa kalembedwe ka nóngxiāng (浓香型) n’kwakukulu, ndipo kumatulutsa kakomedwe ka uchi.
Kukhazikitsa (kupha zobiriwira) / 杀青 — shāqīng: Kutentha kwakukulu mu wok kapena ng’oma kumayimitsa ntchito ya ma enzymes ndi kukhazikitsa kalembedwe ka fungo.
Kupota / 揉捻 — róuniǎn: Kupota koyamba kumaphwanya maselo a masamba, kumatulutsa madzi ndi kuyika mawonekedwe oyamba.
Kuyanika koyamba / 初烘 — chū hōng: Kuyanika pang’ono kuti ikhale yokhazikika.
Kupota mozungulira koyamba / 初包揉 — chū bāoróu: Masamba amakulungidwa mu nsalu ndi kuphwanyidwa, kuwapatsa mawonekedwe olimba ovali (条索, tiáosuǒ). Awa ndi mndandanda woyamba wa maulendo atatu a kupota mozungulira, omwe amadziwika ndi tiyi uyu.
Kuyanikanso / 复烘 — fù hōng: Kuyanika kwapakatikati pakati pa maulendo a kupota.
Kupota mozungulira kachiwiri / 复包揉 — fù bāoróu: Kuwongolera kwachiwiri kumakhazikitsa ndi kulimbitsa mawonekedwe.
Kuyanika komaliza / 足干 — zúgān: Kutsitsa chinyezi mpaka mulingo wosungiramo (nthawi zambiri ≤ 6-7%).
Kumalizira / 精制 — jīngzhì: Kusefera, kuchotsa zintchire (拣梗), masamba achikasu ndi zinthu zina. Kenako – kuwotcha mosamala pang’ono (文火薄摊) pa moto wochepa: tiyi wosanjikiza pang’ono amatenthedwa pang’onopang’ono, zomwe zimakulitsa fungo ndi kupanga kakomedwe kotsiriza.

6. Makhalidwe a Oganoleptic:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Utoto wopota molimba, wolemera ndi waungwe wolimba (条索紧结重实, tiáosuǒ jǐnjié zhòngshí), wofanana kukula. Mtundu – wobiriwira-bulauni wakuda ndi kunyezimira kwamafuta (青褐油润), ndi ziwalo za chikasu cha uchi.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Nthawi zonse kapena yokhazikika ya orchid (兰香幽长, lánxiāng yōu cháng) – ndilo fungo lalikulu. Mobisa pambuyo pake – udzu watsopano, kukoma pang’ono, maluwa ofewa a lilac ndi narcissus. M’mitundu yowotcha kwambiri (nóngxiāng), fungo la uchi ndi mtedza wokazinga limawonekera.
Fungo la madzi: Mu kalembedwe ka qīngxiāng – fungo lowala, lalitali, lotseguka msanga la maluwa okhala ndi orchid ngati maziko ndi maluwa ena atsopano. Mu kalembedwe ka nóngxiāng – fungo lozama kwambiri, lopiringizana, ndi kukoma kwa uchi ndi kakomedwe ka zonunkhira ndi caramel. Mbali imodzi ya mitundu yonse iwiri – “kubwereranso kwa fungo” mu kapu yopanda kanthu (杯底留香, bēi dǐ liú xiāng) kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kakomedwe: Kakomedwe kakuthwa (醇厚, chúnhòu) ndi kutsopano (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng). Kukoma kowonekera, kuphipha kofewa kopanda mtima, ndi “kukoma kwabwino komwe kumabwerera” kofulumira ndi kwamphamvu (回甘, huígān). Fungo la mtundu limamveka mu kakomedwe – komwe kumatchedwa “fungo la mtundu pa lilime” (溢品种香). M’mitundu yabwino kwambiri pali mawonekedwe odziwika a “mafupa a mapiri” (山骨风韵, shāngǔ fēngyùn) – dongosolo la maminerali lomwe limasonyeza malo a miyala a mapiri a Dàqín.
Mtundu wa madzi: Mu kalembedwe ka qīngxiāng – owoneka bwino, obiriwira-golide (清绿透亮). Mu kalembedwe ka nóngxiāng – golide wakuda-amber (金黄明亮, jīnhuáng míngliàng), oyera ndi owala. Pakazizira, pangawonekere kusamveka bwino – zotsatira za kukhazikika kwa theaflavins (冷后浑, lěng hòu hún), chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa polyphenols ndi chizindikiro cha ubwino.
Masamba odzaza utoto (masamba odzazidwa): Masamba ofewa, osalala, otseguka ndi kunyezimira kwamoyo. Mtundu – “zithunzi zobiriwira ndi zofiira” zodziwika bwino (红绿相映): pakati pa tsamba lobiriwira ndi m’mphepete ofiira, zomwe zimasonyeza kulamulira bwino kwa kuvunda.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:

Data yochokera ku Tea Quality Inspection Center ya Ministry of Agriculture ya PRC (农业部茶叶质检中心, 1995) ya chitsanzo cha Bái Yá Qí Lán:

Polyphenols (ma polyphenols a tiyi): 15.7% – muyeso womwe umaposa uja wa Tiěguānyīn ndi maulong ena angapo a Minnan. Amaphatikiza ma catechins, theaflavins, komanso zotsatira za oxidation pang’ono, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kuphipha, kapangidwe ndi mphamvu ya antioxidant.
Ma Catechins: Kuchuluka kwake – 11.78%. Wamkulu ndi EGCG (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) – mpaka 9.38% malinga ndi magwero ena, – umodzi mwa ma antioxidant achilengedwe amphamvu kwambiri.
Ma Amino Acids: 0.8% (kuchokera ku zinthu zouma). Woimira wamkulu – L-theanine, amene amachititsa kukoma, kufewa kwa madzi ndi mgwirizano ndi caffeine, zomwe zimapereka “mphamvu yodekha.”
Ma Alkaloids: Caffeine – 2.8%, yomwe ndi yokwera pang’ono kusiyana ndi avareji ya maulong (nthawi zambiri 2-3%). Theobromine ndi theophylline amapezekanso mochepa kwambiri.
Mavitamini: Vitamin C, mavitamini a gulu B (B₁, B₂), vitamin E ndi carotenoids amapezeka – zonse zomwe zimapezeka mu tiyi wophikidwa pang’ono ndi kuvunda kwapang’ono.
Maminerali: Potaziyamu, magnesium, manganese, zinc, phosphorous, komanso – chifukwa cha nthaka yokhala ndi selenium – kuchuluka kwa selenium (Se) mu tiyi womalizidwa, zomwe zimasiyanitsa Bái Yá Qí Lán ndi maulong ambiri a China.
Mafuta ofunikira: Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala onunkhira osakanikirana (linalool, nerol, geraniol, indole ndi ena), omwe amapanga mbali yodziwika bwino ya mtundu – fungo la orchid lokhalitsa.
Mbali yapadera: Kuchuluka kwa polyphenols ndi caffeine mu Bái Yá Qí Lán ndikokwera kuposa Tiěguānyīn, sèzhǒng (色种) ndi ulong wokhazikika (malinga ndi data ya Ministry of Agriculture ya PRC), zomwe zimatanthauza kuti madzi ake amakhala ndi mphamvu yokulirapo m’thupi.

8. Ubwino wa Zaumoyo:

Kulimbitsa thupi ndi kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo: Kuphatikiza kwa caffeine (2.8%) ndi L-theanine kumapereka mphamvu yofewa, yokhazikika popanda kudzuka mwadzidzidzi kapena kugwa – kumathandiza kukhazikika, kusamala ndi kumveka bwino kwa maganizo.
Chitetezo cha antioxidant: Kuchuluka kwa EGCG (mpaka 9.38%) ndi ma polyphenols onse (15.7%) kumapereka mphamvu yowonekera yochotsera ma free radicals ndi kuteteza maselo ku nkhawa ya oxidative.
Kuthandizira kagayidwe ka mafuta: Ma polyphenols a tiyi amathandizira kugawikana kwa mafuta; malinga ndi ma data ena, mphamvu ya Bái Yá Qí Lán pankhaniyi ndi yoposa ya Tiěguānyīn pafupifupi 1.2.
Dongosolo la mtima ndi mitsempha ya magazi: Kumwa maulong okhala ndi ma polyphenols ambiri nthawi zonse kumalumikizidwa ndi kusunga mulingo wabwino wa cholesterol ndi maelasticity a mitsempha.
Kuthandizira kagayidwe ka chakudya: Mitundu yowotcha pang’ono (nóngxiāng) imathandizira kugaya bwino ndipo imathandiza pakumva kulemera pambuyo pa kudya. Katundu wa “kuthandiza kugawikana kwa mafuta” (解酒消滞, jiě jiǔ xiāo zhì) amatchulidwa mwamwambo m’machitidwe a China.
Mphatso ya selenium: Chifukwa cha nthaka yopangidwa ndi selenium, tiyi amakhala ndi chinthu ichi m’njira yomwe thupi limagwiritsa ntchito. Selenium ndi cofactor ya ma enzymes a antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase), amathandizira chitetezo cha mthupi ndi ntchito ya thyroid.
Katundu wothana ndi mabakiteriya: Ma catechins, makamaka EGCG, amawonetsa mphamvu zoletsa mabakiteriya pang’ono ku mabakiteriya angapo a m’kamwa, zomwe zimathandizira kukhala ndi mikwingwirima yathanzi.
Kumwa tiyi mosamala: Kukonza gongfu cha Bái Yá Qí Lán ndi njira ya magawo angapo, yosinkhasinkha, yomwe payokha imathandizira kuchepetsa nkhawa ndi kulimbikitsa luso la kuzindikira.

9. Kukonza:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 95 °C – ndiwoyenera kwa Bái Yá Qí Lán wokhazikika. Kwa kalembedwe ka qīngxiāng, 90–95 °C ndi yoyenera; kwa mitundu yowotcha molimba (nóngxiāng) – 95–100 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 5 g pa 110 ml (gaiwan) kwa njira ya gongfu. Kwa ziwiya zazikulu – 3-4 g pa 200-250 ml.
Ziwiya: Gaiwan ya porcelain yoyera (白瓷盖碗, bái cí gàiwàn) – chosankha chokhazikika, chomwe chimakuthandizani kuyamikira kuyera kwa fungo ndipo sichisokoneza mawonekedwe abwino. Kwa mitundu yowotcha, chitini cha dongo (紫砂壶, zǐshā hú) ndi choyeneranso – “chimazungulira” kakomedwe ndikuwonetsa kuzama kwake.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsani gaiwan ndi makapu ndi madzi owira, tsani madzi.
2. Ikani magalamu 5 a masamba owuma.
3. Kutsuka (ngati mukufuna): tsanulirani madzi owira, tsanulirani mwamsanga – izi “zimadzutsa” tsamba.
4. Kuponya koyamba: masekondi 10, kenako kuthira mwamsanga.
5. Kuponya kotsatira: masekondi 15-20-25 ndi kupitirira ndi kuwonjezera masekondi 5.
6. Bái Yá Qí Lán wabwino amapirira kuponya 7 kapena kuposera, kutsegula kuchokera ku kuponya ku kuponya ndi mbali zatsopano.
Chidziwitso: Tiyi wongopangidwa kumene (makamaka nóngxiāng) akulimbikitsidwa kuti adikire masiku 5-7 pamalo owuma, amdima kuti “atulutse kutentha” (褪火气, tuì huǒqì) – pambuyo pake fungo limakhala lozungulira komanso logwirizana. Sikovomerezeka kumwa ndi m’mimba yopanda kanthu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa caffeine (2.8%), yomwe ingapangitse kuti m’mimba mwake mukhale ndi madzi ambiri.

10. Kusunga:

Mfundo zazikulu: Kupakira kosasindikizidwa, chitetezo ku chinyezi, fungo lina, kutentha ndi kuwala kwadzuwa – adani anayi a tiyi.
Kalembedwe ka qīngxiāng (清香型): Ndi wosakhwima kwambiri; ndi bwino kusunga mu thumba losindikizidwa ndi valavu kapena kupakira kwa vacuum, mufiriji pa 0-5 °C – mwanjira imeneyi fungo limakhalabe kwa miyezi 12-18.
Kalembedwe ka nóngxiāng (浓香型): Ndilokhazikika kwambiri chifukwa cha kuphika kwakuya. Ndizotheka kusunga pa kutentha kwa chipinda pamalo owuma, ozizira, mu chitini chachitsulo kapena cha zadothi. Nthawi yosungira – mpaka zaka 2-3; ngati awotcha nthawi zina (复焙, fù bèi) – nthawi yaitali.
Zosaloledwa: Kusunga pafupi ndi zonunkhira, mafuta onunkhira, mankhwala apakhomo; kugwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zowonekera; kutsegula chidebe pafupipafupi m’malo achinyezi.

11. Mtengo ndi Zamasewera:

Mulingo wamitengo: Mitengo imayambira kuchuluka – kuchokera kumtengo wotsika mpaka wapamwamba. Tiyi wapamwamba kwambiri (特级, tèjí) – mphukira zonse kapena “phukira limodzi + tsamba limodzi,” kupota kolimba kolimba, fungo lowala lokhazikika, kututa kwasika kosankhidwa kuchokera kumadera okwera – mtengo wake ndi kuchokera ku yuan 800 pa jin (500 g) ndi kupitirira. Gulu loyamba (一级) – phukira limodzi + masamba awiri – ndi lotsika mtengo kwambiri. Mtengo umadalira: kutalika kwa munda, nyengo yotuta (masika ndi okwera mtengo), kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya manja, zaka za mitengo ndi mbiri ya munda.
Momwe mungapewere zolakwika:
- Gulani kwa ogulitsa omwe amafotokoza momveka bwino chiyambi (mudzi, phiri, munda); kukhalapo kwa chizindikiro cha “Pínghé Bái Yá Qí Lán Geographical Indication” ndi chizindikiro chabwino.
- Unikani maonekedwe: Bái Yá Qí Lán weniweni amakhala ndi ziwaya zolimba, zolemera, zofanana za mtundu wobiriwira wakuda ndi kunyezimira kwamafuta, popanda fumbi ndi zosweka.
- Unikani fungo: chizindikiro chake ndi nthawi zonse, fungo la orchid loyera lopanda kununkhira mwamphamvu monga “mankhwala.” Zolakwika nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi fungo losakhala lachilengedwe lowala kwambiri, koma fungo limatha pambuyo pa kuponya koyamba.
- Unikani madzi: owoneka bwino, golide kapena amber; kakomedwe koyera, ndi huí gān yowonekera. Madzi osadziwika bwino, kakomedwe kowawawawa kapena konyansa ndi chifukwa chokayikira.
- Samalani ndi mtengo: “Pínghé Bái Yá Qí Lán wa mapiri aakulu” wotsika mtengo mochititsa kukayikira kuchokera ku Dàqín – mwina ndi choyezera cha m’chigwa kapena kusakaniza ndi mitundu yotsika mtengo. Akudziwika zochitika zomwe tiyi kuchokera ku Pínghé amagulidwa kuti azikakonzedwanso kuti aziwoneka ngati yánchá ya Wǔyí – mtundu uwu uli ndi kuzama kokwanira kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito ngati “chithunzi chabodza.”

12. Mfundo Zosangalatsa:

Mu 1997, magalamu 500 a Bái Yá Qí Lán a mtundu wa “Mfumu ya Tiyi” anagulitsidwa pamsika wapa auction pa mtengo wa yuan 180,000 – mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wa ulong ku China panthawiyo. Izi zidapangitsa kuti tiyi yemwe kale sankadziwika ayambe kudziwika mdziko lonse.
Mu 2001, Bái Yá Qí Lán adavomerezedwa mwalamulo ngati “tiyi wa timu ya volleyball ya azimayi ya China” (中国女排专用茶) – nkhani yachilendo imene mtundu wa tiyi unalandira “uthandizo” wa masewera.
Bái Yá Qí Lán adakhala ulong woyamba ku China kupatsidwa chiphaso cha “Product of Ecological Origin” (国家生态原产地产品保护), zomwe zidatsimikizira kuyera kwa chilengedwe cha phiri la Dàqín ndi ubwino wa njira zaulimi.
M’zaka za m’ma 1990, amalonda angapo ochokera ku Wǔyí adagula tiyi wa Bái Yá Qí Lán kuti apange “mtundu wa mapiri” wa Dà Hóng Páo – chifukwa chakuchuluka kwa fungo ndi kuzama kwa mtundu uwu. Mfundo imeneyi imatsimikizira ubwino wa tiyi komanso modabwitsa yachedwetsa kukula kwa mtundu wake.
Nthaka ya dera lalikulu la kupanga imakhala ndi selenium yochuluka (0.74–0.80 mg/kg), zomwe zimapangitsa Bái Yá Qí Lán kukhala umodzi mwa maulong ochepa omwe amapangidwa mwachilengedwe ndi chinthu chofunikira ichi.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi maulong ena a Minnan ndi Fujian:

Tiěguānyīn (铁观音, Tiěguānyīn): Wodziwika kwambiri wa ulong wa Minnan kuchokera m’chigawo cha Ānxī. Mawonekedwe – mipira yolimba (kupota kwa theka la mpira), pamene Bái Yá Qí Lán ali ndi ziwaya zaungwe (条索). Tiěguānyīn amadziwika ndi “fungo la Guānyīn” (观音韵, guānyīn yùn) – lozungulira komanso lokoma ngati kirimu; Bái Yá Qí Lán – ndi fungo la orchid lolasa, lakuya. Kuchuluka kwa polyphenols ndi caffeine mu Bái Yá Qí Lán ndi kokwera. Mtengo wa Tiěguānyīn pamsika wapadziko lonse nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera chifukwa cha kudziwika kwa mtundu.
Yǒngchūn Fóshǒu (永春佛手, Yǒngchūn Fóshǒu): “Dzanja la Buddha” – ulong wa Minnan wochokera m’chigawo choyandikana cha Yǒngchūn. Tsamba ndi lalikulu, kupota n’kosakhwima. Fungo – ndi la citrus ndi zonunkhira ngati mankhwala, osati la orchid. Kakomedwe kotentha, kopiringizana. Bái Yá Qí Lán amasiyana ndi kutsopano ndi kutalika kwa fungo.
Mǐnběi Shuǐxiān (闽北水仙, Mǐnběi Shuǐxiān): Ulong wa kumpoto kwa Fujian wopota mzere. Fungo – narcissus, orchid, mafuta a nkhuni. Kakomedwe n’kolimba kwambiri, “ngati mafuta,” ndikudziwika bwino mwa maminerali (岩韵, yányùn – “khalidwe la miyala”). Bái Yá Qí Lán ndi wopepuka m’thupi, wowala komanso “wokwera” m’fungo, ndi huígān yofulumira.
Jīnbiān Qí Lán (金边奇兰, Jīnbiān Qílán): Kusintha kwa Bái Yá Qí Lán, komwe kumalimidwa m’chigawo cha Wǔyí. Ziwaya zake ndi zoonda kwambiri, fungo – la amondi, pichesi, ndi zonunkhira “za tirigu.” Siliri la orchid kwambiri ngati Pínghé Bái Yá Qí Lán weniweni, koma limadziwika ndi “khalidwe la miyala” la Wǔyí. Zimasonyeza momwe mtundu umodzi wa majini umasinthira m’malo osiyanasiyana.

14. Mitundu ndi Magulu a Bái Yá Qí Lán:

Malinga ndi kalembedwe ka kupanga:
- Qīngxiāng (清香型, qīngxiāng xíng) – kuvunda pang’ono ndi kuwotcha kochepa. Fungo la orchid lotsopano, lalitali, madzi agolide obiriwira, kutsindika pa maluwa ndi kutsopano.
- Nóngxiāng (浓香型, nóngxiāng xíng) – kuvunda kwakuya ndi kuwotcha kowonekera. Fungo la uchi ndi orchid, madzi a amber amtambo, kakomedwe kokatentha kokoma, kukhazikika kwabwino posunga.
Malinga ndi nyengo:
- Tiyi wamasika (春茶) – March-May, pafupifupi 60% ya kuchuluka kwa pachaka. Wamtengo wapatali kwambiri: fungo lalikulu kwambiri, kufewa ndi kutsopano kwa kakomedwe.
- Tiyi wamatalala (秋茶) – September-October. Kukoma n’kwakukulu, fungo ndilodekha, kukhazikika kwakukulu pa kupangira.
Malinga ndi gulu:
- Special (特级, tèjí): Mphukira zonse kapena “phukira + tsamba limodzi.” Kupota n’kolimba, kolemera. Fungo la orchid n’lalitali, lowala, lokhazikika. Kakomedwe n’kakuthwa, katsopano, ndi huígān yowonekera. Mtengo – kuyambira yuan 800 pa jin.
- Gulu loyamba (一级, yījí): Makamaka “phukira limodzi + masamba awiri.” Fungo ndiloyera komanso lokhazikika. Kakomedwe n’kofewa, kogwirizana.
- Gulu lachiwiri (二级, èrjí): “Phukira limodzi + masamba atatu.” Fungo ndilolondola, popanda zolakwika. Kakomedwe n’kakuthwa mokwanira, koma n’kosakhala ndi mbali zambiri.

Pomaliza:

Pínghé Bái Yá Qí Lán ndi tiyi wokhala ndi khalidwe ndi mbiri yake. Mbiri yake – kuchokera ku mtengo wosadziwika pafupi ndi chitsime cham’mapiri mpaka umodzi mwa tiyi asanu ofunikira a Fujian – imawerengedwa ngati mwambi wa kuleza mtima ndi malo. Fungo la orchid lolasa, losadziwikiratu lomwe silingasokonezedwe ndi Tiěguānyīn kapena yánchá za Wǔyí, – ndi chizindikiro cha Bái Yá Qí Lán, chomwe chimawonekera kuchokera pakutuluka koyamba kwa tsamba louma mpaka kumapeto komaliza kwa kuponya kozizira.

Tiyi uyu adzakhala wosangalatsa kwa iwo amene akudziwa kale maulong a kum’mwera kwa Fujian ndipo akufuna njira ina yowala koma yosagwirizana ndi “chitsanzo” cha Tiěguānyīn, komanso kwa okonda amene amakopeka ndi lingaliro la tiyi wokhala ndi selenium mwachilengedwe komanso umunthu wodziwika bwino wa mtundu. Njira yabwino yomvetsetsa Bái Yá Qí Lán ndikumupanga gongfu, kuponya ndi kuponya, ndikuwona momwe orchid imatsegukira mokwanira.