Pánān Yún Fēng

Pánān Yún Fēng (磐安云峰, Pánān yún fēng) — “Nsonga ya Mtambo ya [boma la] Pánān” — ndi tiyi wobiriwira wochokera m’boma la Pánān (磐安县) mumzinda wa Jīnhuá (金华市), m’chigawo cha Zhèjiāng, pamtunda wamapiri a Dàpánshān (大盘山脉) — omwe amatchedwa “群山之祖、诸水之源” (“Kholo la mapiri, magwero a madzi onse”): apa ndi pamene mimandanda yayikulu inayi ya mitsinje — Qiántángjiāng (钱塘江), Ōujiāng (瓯江), Língjiāng (灵江) ndi Cáo’éjiāng (曹娥江) — imayambira. Mwambo wa tiyi wa Pánān umayambira m’nthawi ya Jìn (zaka za m’ma 300–500): malinga ndi nthano, woyera wa Chitao Xǔ Xùn (许逊, “Wolamulira Weniweni”, 真君大帝) — mmodzi mwa “Akuluakulu anayi a Kumwamba a Mphunzitsi” (四大天师) — akuyendayenda m’mapiri a Pánān, anaona mitengo ya tiyi yakutchire, naphunzitsa alimi a m’deralo luso lakukonza, napanga tiyi wotchuka wa “Wùzhōu Dōngbái” (婺州东白, “Tiyi Woyera wa Kum’mawa wa Wùzhōu”). Lù Yǔ m’buku lake la “Canon ya Tiyi” anaika “Wùzhōu Dōngbái” m’gulu la tiyi wotchuka, ndipo “大盘山、东白山产者佳，列为贡品” — “wochokera ku mapiri a Dàpánshān ndi Dōngbáishān ndi wabwino kwambiri, walembedwa m’ndandanda wa gòngchá (tiyi wachifumu).” M’boma lomweli muli Yùshān Gǔcháchǎng (玉山古茶场, “Msika Wakale wa Tiyi wa Yùshān”) — msika wokhawo wakale wa tiyi ku China wosungidwa mokwanira kwathunthu (woyambika mu nthawi ya Sòng, womangidwanso mu nthawi ya Qīng, malo ake 3,430 m²), chipilala cha udindo wapadziko lonse (全国重点文物保护单位). Mu 2022, “Chǎn cháchǎng” (赶茶场, “Chiwonetsero pa msika wa tiyi” — phwando la anthu la Pánān) linalowa m’gulu la “Maluso Achikwatu a Kulima Tiyi ndi Miyambo Yoyanjana Nayo ya China,” yolembedwa mu ndandanda wa UNESCO wa chikhalidwe cha dziko losawoneka.

Njirayi yabwino: «三绿一香» (sān lǜ yī xiāng, “zobiriwira zitatu — fungo limodzi”): mzere wobiriwira, madzi obiriwira, pansi pa tiyi wobiriwira + fungo la orchid. Zinthu zamoyo m’nthaka — 3.5–14.8% — ndi chimodzi mwa milingo yapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa madera onse a tiyi ku China. Zotulutsa m’madzi — 47% (pamene muyezo wadziko ndi 36% — kupitirira ndi 11%). Chophimba cha nkhalango — 80.1%. Mtengo wa mtundu — 23.51 biliyoni ya yuan (2024).

1. Klasifikisheni ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), wosafutsidwa. Wophikidwa pang’ono-wouma pang’ono (半炒半烘, bàn chǎo bàn hōng). Mawonekedwe awiri: wa mizere (条形, tiáo xíng — “wonga singano,” waukulu) ndi wophwanyaphwanya (扁形, biǎn xíng). Luso lapadera lakupanga «抖捺理» (dǒu nà lǐ) — “kugwedeza, kukanikiza, kuwongola” — kusinthana kwa njira zitatu zamanja pofuna kusunga kukhulupirika kwa mphukira ndi kupanga mawonekedwe ake a “singano.”

• Gulu: Chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo cha China (国家农产品地理标志产品, 2020). “Tiyi Wotchuka Wadziko” (全国名茶, Ministry of Commerce, 1986). “Tiyi Wachikhalidwe” pa Chikondwerero cha Tiyi cha Hángzhōu (文化名茶, 1991). Chikhalidwe cha dziko losawoneka m’boma (县级非遗, 2021 — luso). “Chǎn cháchǎng” (赶茶场) — mu ndandanda ya UNESCO (2022). “Gòngchá” ya nthawi ya Táng (婺州东白). Yùshān Gǔcháchǎng — chipilala cha udindo wapadziko lonse.

• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Zhèjiāng (浙江省), mzinda wa Jīnhuá (金华市), boma la Pánān (磐安县). Madera 14 ndi matauni. Mapiri a Dàpánshān (大盘山脉), 600–1,200 m. Malo ogwirizanitsa: 120°17′–120°47′ kum’mawa, 28°49′–29°19′ kumpoto.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

• Mbiri:

Pánān ndi “boma lamapiri lokha” (纯山区县), limodzi mwa mapiri kwambiri ku Zhèjiāng, “群山之祖、诸水之源” — “Kholo la mapiri, magwero a madzi onse.” Mbiri ya tiyi imayambira m’nthawi ya Jìn (zaka za m’ma 300–500): woyera wa Chitao Xǔ Xùn (许逊, 239–374), wolemekezeka monga “Wolamulira Weniweni” (真君大帝) ndi mmodzi mwa “Akuluakulu anayi a Kumwamba a Mphunzitsi” (四大天师) — pamodzi ndi Zhāng Dàolíng, Gě Hóng ndi Sà Shǒujiàn — akuyendayenda m’mapiri a Yùshān ku Pánān, anapeza mitengo ya tiyi yakutchire ndikuphunzitsa alimi a m’deralo luso labwino lakukonza. Chotsatira chake chinali “Wùzhōu Dōngbái” (婺州东白) — tiyi wotchuka ku China konse. Xǔ Xùn anali munthu weniweni wa mbiri, wochokera ku Nánchāng, wotchuka chifukwa cha kulimbana ndi kusefukira kwa mtsinje wa Gànjiāng; mwambo wa Chitao wa sukulu ya Jìngmíng (净明道) umamulemekeza monga woyambitsa. Alimi a tiyi a nthawi ya Sòng a ku Yùshān, oyamikira Xǔ Xùn, anamangira pomupembedzera “Cháchǎngmiào” (茶场庙, “Kachisi wa Msika wa Tiyi”), momwe amamulambirira monga “mulungu wa tiyi” (茶神) mpaka lero — uku ndi kachisi yekha ku China kumene woyera wa Chitao amalemekezedwa makamaka monga mtetezi wa tiyi. Pa nthawi ya Táng, Lù Yǔ anaphatikiza “Wùzhōu Dōngbái” mu “Canon ya Tiyi,” kulemba kuti: “大盘山、东白山产者佳，列为贡品” — tiyi uja anakhala “gòngchá.” Pa nthawi ya Sòng, mozungulira Kachisi wa Msika wa Tiyi, Yùshān Gǔcháchǎng inakhazikitsidwa — imodzi mwa misika yakale kwambiri ya malonda a tiyi ku China, komwe boma linkachitira “chiwongola dzanja cha tiyi” (榷茶, quèchá). Nyumba yapano (Qīng, malo 3,430 m²) imaphatikiza Kachisi, maofesi a boma ndi holo ya malonda — msika wokhawo wakale wa tiyi ku China wosungidwa mokwanira kwathunthu (全国唯一保存完整的古代茶叶市场遗址).

Mu 1979, potengera “Wùzhōu Dōngbái” wa nthawi ya Táng ndi kuphatikiza maluso a Xīhú Lóngjǐng, Tàipíng Hóukuí ndi Éméi Éruǐ, tiyi wamakono wa “Pánān Yún Fēng” anapangidwa. Mu 1983 — kukhazikitsidwanso kwa boma la Pánān (lomwe kale linali mbali ya Dōngyáng): mapiri a Dàpánshān ndi Dōngbáishān anagawa pakati pa maboma awiri, ndipo Pánān “inalandira” Dàpánshān, pamene Dōngyáng — Dōngbáishān. Izi zinafuna dzina latsopano — “Yún Fēng” (“Nsonga ya Mtambo”). Mu 1986 — “Tiyi Wotchuka Wadziko” (Ministry of Commerce). Mu 2020 — Chizindikiro cha Malo. Mu 2022 “Chǎn cháchǎng” (赶茶场) — phwando la malonda la anthu pa msika wakale wa tiyi wa Yùshān — linalowa m’ndandanda wa UNESCO wa “Maluso Achikwatu a Kulima Tiyi ndi Miyambo Yoyanjana Nayo ya China.”

• Dzina: 磐安 (Pánān) — dzina la boma; 云峰 (Yún Fēng) — “nsonga ya mtambo” — chithunzi cha nsonga za mapiri zomwe zalumidwa ndi mitambo. Tanthauzo lonse: “Nsonga ya Mtambo ya Pánān.” Chiyankhulo cha mtundu: «道骨仙风，磐安峰» — “Mzimu wa Dao ndi mphepo ya osakhoza kufa — nsonga ya Pánān.”

• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Pánān — “群山之祖、诸水之源” (“Kholo la mapiri, magwero a madzi onse”): malo ogawa madzi a mitsinje yayikulu inayi ya Zhèjiāng. Kulumikizana ndi Chitao (Xǔ Xùn — mmodzi wa “Akuluakulu anayi a Kumwamba”), msika wakale kwambiri wa tiyi ndi cholowa cha UNESCO zimapangitsa Pánān Yún Fēng kukhala tiyi kumene “chilengedwe, Dao ndi malonda” zasokoneza kwa zaka 1,700.

3. Kufotokozera Zachomera ndi Zopangira:

• Mtundu wa zomera / cultivar: Chachikulu — Mùhé Qúntǐzhǒng (木荷群体种) — mtundu wamba wakomweko, wozolowera nyengo yamapiri yamvumbi. Zowonjezera: Lóngjǐng 43 (龙井43), Wūniú Zǎo (乌牛早). Mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri: thumba limodzi kapena thumba limodzi + tsamba limodzi, utali wa mphukira ≤3.5 cm.

• Kuthyola: M’nyengo ya masika — pamaso pa Qīngmíng. Muyezo umasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mulingo: wapamwamba — thumba limodzi lokha (90%+ ya tchuru loyera); woyamba — thumba limodzi + tsamba limodzi (≥90%); wachiwiri — thumba limodzi + masamba awiri.

• Milingo:

  • Wapamwamba (特级): Thumba lathunthu, tchuru ≥85%. Kuyambira 2,000 yuan/500 g.
  • Woyamba (一级): Thumba limodzi + tsamba limodzi ≥90%. 800–2,000 yuan.
  • Wachiwiri (二级): Thumba limodzi + masamba awiri. 300–800 yuan.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Pánān — “纯山区县” (boma lamapiri lokha): mapiri akutenga 100% ya malo. Dàpánshān (大盘山, 1,245 m) — nsonga yaikulu, “denga la mitsinje inayi.”

• Kutalika kwa kulima: 600–1,200 m. Pakatikati — 800+ m.

• Nyengo: Ya m’mvula yamkuntho yapakati pa zotentha. Kutentha kwapakati pa chaka — 16.1°C. Mvula — 1,570 mm. Masiku a chivumbi — ≥200. Chinyezi — ≥85%. “Mapiri ataliakali, madzi oyera, nkhalango zang’ambang’amba, chivumbi cholemera” (山高水秀、林密雾重) — ndi kalembedwe ka terroir.

• Dothi: Lofiira- lachikasu (红黄壤, pH 4.5–5.5). Kuzama kwa horizon ya dothi — 50–100 cm. Zinthu zamoyo — 3.5–14.8% — chimodzi mwa milingo yapamwamba kwambiri komanso yotakata kwambiri pakati pa madera a tiyi ku China. Madzi a m’mapiri a m’chitsime okhala ndi mchere wochepa kwambiri.

• Chilengedwe: Chophimba cha nkhalango — 80.1%. Pánān — boma la chitsanzo cha dziko la chitukuko cha chitetezo cha chilengedwe (国家级生态文明建设示范县). Palibe mafakitale m’madera amapiri. Mu 2007 kafukufuku wa labotale ya Ministry of Agriculture anapeza kuti: zotulutsa m’madzi — 47% (ndi 11% pamwamba pa muyezo wadziko wa 36%), mitundu 13 ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo — sinapezeke, mtovu — 0.74 mg/kg (pamene muyezo wa chitetezo ndi 5 mg/kg). “Makhalidwe enieni a tiyi wamapiri” — ndi mawu omaliza a akatswiri.

5. Luso la Kupanga:

Luso la Pánān Yún Fēng limatengera “Wùzhōu Dōngbái” ndikuphatikiza zinthu za Xīhú Lóngjǐng (mawonekedwe ophwanyaphwanya), Tàipíng Hóukuí (kupanga mphukira yaikulu) ndi Éméi Éruǐ (kuyanika kosamalitsa). Masitepe akulu ndi awa:

• Kugoneka (摊放): 3–6 maola. Kutaya chinyezi ~15%.

• Kutsekereza kubiriwira (杀青) — mu mbiya yopendekeka (斜锅, xiégūo): Kutentha — 160°C. Mosiyana ndi mbiya yokhazikika yotsamira, mbiya yopendekeka (斜锅) imathandiza kuti tsamba liponyedwe ndi kutsika pansi pa khoma chifukwa cha mphamvu ya chikoka. Chida chake — chokoperera cha nsungwi (竹炒手, zhú chǎoshǒu) kapena tsache la kanjedza (棕帚, zōngzhǒu). Mfundo yake: “叶翠不老，叶熟不黄，折梗不断” — “tsamba limakhalabe lobiriwira, silimakalamba; limaphikidwa, silimachita chikasu; tsinde limapindika, silimathyoka.” Mbiya yopendekeka + chokoperera cha nsungwi — ndi chinthu chapadera cha luso la Pánān, chosapezeka mu tiyi wina wambiri wobiriwira wa ku Zhèjiāng.

• Kupanga maonekedwe (做形) — luso lapadera la «抖捺理»: Mu mbiya yophwanyaphwanya (平锅), 80°C. Njira zitatu zimasinthana:

  • Dǒu (抖) — “kugwedeza”: Tsamba limaponyedwa ndi kugawa. Masamba aafuta — “dǒu” yambiri; okhwima — yochepa.
  • Nà (捺) — “kukanikiza”: Tsamba limakanikizidwa ku khoma la mbiya. Aafuta — osakanikiza (嫩叶不捺); okhwima — kukanikiza mwamphamvu.
  • Lǐ (理) — “kuwongola”: Mphukira zimawongola kukhala “masingano” oongoka.

  Zotsatira zake: mphukira zolunjika, zowonda (紧直苗秀) ndi kusunga kukhulupirika — tsamba silimathyoka kapena kusweka.

• Kuyanika — magawo awiri:

  • Koyamba (初烘): 100–120°C. Mpaka chinyezi ~30% («刺手感» — “kumva kubaya m’manja”).
  • Komaliza (复烘) — «pang’onopang’ono pa moto wochepa» (文火慢烘): Mpaka chinyezi ≤6%. Cholinga chake ndi kuyanika kofanana ndi “kuwonetsera” fungo. Mphukira ikapsyondwa imasanduka ufa.

• Kusankha (拣剔) ndi kuyika m’mapaketi.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:

• Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Molunjika, mowonda “masingano” (紧直苗秀, jǐnzhí miáoxiù), “ngati mphukira zoyima chilili.” Zobiriwira zonyezimira, zonyezimira (翠绿鲜润). Tchuru limawoneka, koma silili lalikulu.

• Fungo la tsamba louma: Loyera, lapamwamba, lokhalitsa (清高持久, qīng gāo chíjiǔ). La orchid (兰花清香, lánhuā qīngxiāng) — ndilo lalikulu.

• Fungo la madzi: Lamaluwa a orchid, “lamphepo.” Litaozola — mawu a “uchi” ndi “mchere wochokera ku zipatso za chestnut.” Kukhalitsa — mphindi 3+ pa kapu yozizira.

• Kukoma: Kwatsopano, kofewa, kotsitsimula (鲜醇爽口, xiān chún shuǎng kǒu). Kokoma-kofewa (甘醇). Kukoma kobwerera pambuyo — kokoma, kwanthawi yayitali (回味甘甜). Kuwawa ndi kuchucha — n’kochepa kwambiri.

• Mtundu wa madzi: Wobiriwira wosakhwima (嫩绿明亮) — m’mabuku ena “杏绿” (“wobiriwira wa m’masamba a apurikoti”).

• Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lothira): Lofewa, “monga maluwa,” lobiriwira ndi lowala (嫩绿成朵). Mphukira — zokwanira, osathyoka.

• Njirayi yabwino: «三绿一香» (sān lǜ yī xiāng) — “zobiriwira zitatu — fungo limodzi”: mzere wobiriwira (条索翠绿) + madzi obiriwira osakhwima (汤色嫩绿) + pansi pa tiyi wobiriwira lowala (叶底绿亮) + fungo la orchid (兰花清香).

7. Ma Chemical Compound:

• Zinthu zotulutsa m’madzi: 47% — ndi 11% pamwamba pa muyezo wadziko (36%). Izi zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi theka la chinthu chouma chimasanduka kukhala madzi — chimodzi mwa zisonyezo zapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira wa ku Zhèjiāng ndi China konse. Kutulutsa kwakukulu m’madzi n’kotsatira mwachindunji cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamoyo m’nthaka (3.5–14.8%) ndi masiku 200 a chivumbi: tchire la tiyi, likamalandira dzuŵa lochepa lachindunji, limapanga zinthu zambiri zosungunuka (ma amino acid, shuga) ndi zochepa zosagwirika (lignin, cellulose). Chotsatira chake — madzi okhala ndi “thupi” lolemera osataya kufewa.

• Polyphenols (茶多酚): ~19.2% — mulingo wocheperapakati womwe umapereka kufewa.

• Amino acids (氨基酸): Ochuluka — chifukwa cha masiku 200 a chivumbi, kuunika kofalikira ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamoyo m’nthaka (3.5–14.8%). EGCG ikugwira ntchito.

• Mtovu (Pb): 0.74 mg/kg — kochepera kuwirikiza 6.8 poyerekeza ndi muyezo wa chitetezo (5 mg/kg).

• Mankhwala ophera tizilombo: mitundu 13 — sinapezeke (kufufuza kwa 2007).

• Kafeini: Wokhazikika kwa tiyi wobiriwira.

8. Mapindu a Zaumoyo:

• Chitetezo cha antioxidant: EGCG + vitamini C — kawiri ka dongosolo la antioxidant. Polyphenols 19.2% pamodzi ndi kutulutsa kwakukulu m’madzi (47%) kumapereka kuchotsera kothandiza kwa antioxidants m’madzi.

• Chisonkhezero cha tonic: Kafeini mogwirizana ndi L-theanine — mphamvu yofewa, yokhalitsa.

• Thandizo la chigayo: Catechin imalimbikitsa kayendedwe ka m’mimba ndi kugawa kwa mafuta.

• Ntchito za ubongo: L-theanine imalimbikitsa kuyenda kwa mafunde a alpha mu ubongo.

• Chilengedwe choyera: Kusapezeka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo + mtovu wochepa = chimodzi mwa tiyi “woyera” kwambiri ku Zhèjiāng.

• Chofunika: Zomwe tazitchula pamwambazi zachokera ku deta yaambiri ndipo si upangiri wa zamankhwala. Osamwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku — osapitirira 600 ml.

9. Njira Yophika:

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 85°C. Osagwiritsa madzi owira — mphukira n’zofewa ndipo “zimapsa.”

• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml (chiŵerengero 1:50).

• Chida: Kapu ya galasi — kuti muwone “kuvina” kwa mphukira: “masingano” oongoka amamira pansi pang’onopang’ono, kutambasuka monga “maluwa,” kukumbutsa “masamba a orchidi” (形如兰花瓣瓣). Uyu ndi umodzi mwa miyambo yokongola kwambiri ya tiyi ku Zhèjiāng.

• Njira — «三投法» (Sān tóu fǎ, “Kutsanulira katatu”):

  1. Tenthetsani kapu.
  2. Ikitsani tiyi.
  3. Tsanulani 1/3 ya madzi (85°C).
  4. Gwedezani kapu kwa masekondi 30 — “kudzutsa.”
  5. Wonjezerani madzi kufika 7/10 la voliyumu.
  6. Lolani kukhazikika kwa mphindi 1.5.

• Kuchuluka kwa kutsanulira: 3–4. Kutsanulira kulikonse kotsatira — +20–30 masekondi.

10. Kusunga:

• Kutentha: 0–5°C (firiji), motsekeka. Pánān Yún Fēng ndi tiyi wofewa “wophikidwa pang’ono-wouma pang’ono,” wozindikira ku chinyezi ndi fungo.
• Chidebe: Chotsekeka, chosadutsa kuunika.
• Kuunika: Kutsekereza kwathunthu.
• Nthawi: Amalimbikitsidwa mkati mwa miyezi 6–8. Atatsegulidwa — masiku 30.

11. Mtengo ndi Zofanizira Zonyenga:

Pánān Yún Fēng ndi tiyi wa mtengo wapatali. Mlingo wapamwamba — kuyambira 2,000 yuan/500 g; woyamba — 800–2,000 yuan; wachiwiri — 300–800 yuan.

• Momwe mungapewere zofanizira zonyenga:
  • Chizindikiro cha Malo — «磐安云峰». Mtengo wa mtundu — 23.51 biliyoni ya yuan.
  • Maonekedwe — “masingano” oongoka, oonda (紧直苗秀), osapota kapena ophwanyaphwanya.
  • Fungo — la orchid (兰花清香). Kupanda kamvekedwe ka orchid ndi chizindikiro cha kusinthidwa.
  • Njirayi «三绿一香» — zobiriwira zitatu zonse (mzere, madzi, pansi) + fungo limodzi.

12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:

• Woyera wa Chitao anapanga tiyi. Xǔ Xùn (许逊, 239–374) — mmodzi mwa “Akuluakulu anayi a Kumwamba a Mphunzitsi” (四大天师) a Chitao — mwiniwake anaphunzitsa alimi a Yùshān kukonza tiyi ndipo anapanga “Wùzhōu Dōngbái.” Kachisi wa Msika wa Tiyi (茶场庙) ndi malo ake opatulika. Chiyankhulo cha mtundu: «道骨仙风» — “Mzimu wa Dao ndi mphepo ya osakhoza kufa.”

• UNESCO (2022). “Chǎn cháchǎng” (赶茶场) — phwando la malonda la anthu pa msika wa tiyi wa Yùshān — linalowa m’ndandanda wa UNESCO wa “Maluso Achikwatu a Kulima Tiyi.” Uwu ndi umodzi mwa nthawi zochepa pamene osati tiyi weniweni, koma phwando la tiyi linalandira udindo wa UNESCO.

• Msika wokhawo wakale wa tiyi ku China. Yùshān Gǔcháchǎng — 全国唯一保存完整的古代茶叶市场遗址 — msika wokhawo wakale wa malonda a tiyi ku China wosungidwa mokwanira kwathunthu. Malo ake — 3,430 m².

• Gwero la mitsinje inayi. Pánān ndi malo ogawa madzi a Qiántángjiāng, Ōujiāng, Língjiāng ndi Cáo’éjiāng. Tiyi amakula pa “denga” la machitidwe anayi a mitsinje, omwe amakhuthukira mu Pacific Ocean.

• Zinthu zamoyo 3.5–14.8%. Mulingo woposa pakati pa madera a tiyi ku China. 14.8% ya zinthu zamoyo ndi mulingo wa chernozem, koma pa dothi lamapiri la asidi.

• Zotulutsa m’madzi 47%. Ndi 11% pamwamba pa muyezo (36%). Pafupifupi theka la tiyi limasanduka madzi — “kubwezera” kwakukulu koposa.

• Mbiya yopendekeka + chokoperera cha nsungwi (斜锅竹炒手). Kuphika kwapadera kwa Pánān: kupendekeka kwa mbiya kumathandiza kuti tsamba litsike pansi, pamene chokoperera chimaponya mmwamba — “kuphika kwa mphamvu ya chikoka.”

• «三绿一香» — “Zobiriwira zitatu — fungo limodzi.” Njirayi yabwino, yolembedwa mu kapu iliyonse ya Pánān Yún Fēng.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wobiriwira wa ku Zhèjiāng:

• Xīhú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Hángzhōu. Wophwanyaphwanya, wophikidwa. Fungo la “mchere wochokera ku zipatso za chestnut” / “la nyemba.” Ndi tiyi wobiriwira wotchuka kwambiri ku China. Pánān — mawonekedwe a “singano,” fungo la orchid, wophikidwa pang’ono-wouma pang’ono. Onse ndi ochokera ku Zhèjiāng, koma kuchokera ku mikroklima yosiyana: Xīhú — dera la nyanja (30–100 m), Pánān — dera lamapiri (600–1,200 m).

• Kāihuà Lóng Dǐng (开化龙顶, Kāihuà Lóng Dǐng): Qúzhōu (Zhèjiāng). Wamapiri, mawonekedwe a “chibakera.” Fungo la mchere wochokera ku zipatso za chestnut. Pánān — ndi “la orchid” kwambiri komanso “la singano.”

• Jīngxiàn Tè Jiān (泾县特尖, Jīngxiàn Tè Jiān): Ānhuī. Ali ndi mawonekedwe a “singano” komanso. Koma kuchokera ku chigawo china ndi terroir ina. Pánān — ndi wochokera ku “denga la mitsinje inayi” ndi zinthu zamoyo kufika 14.8%.

Pomaliza:

Pánān Yún Fēng — tiyi wochokera ku “denga la mitsinje inayi,” wopangidwa ndi woyera wa Chitao Xǔ Xùn m’zaka za zana la 3, wolemekezedwa ndi Lù Yǔ mu “Canon ya Tiyi” monga “gòngchá,” wogulitsidwa pa msika wokhawo wakale wa tiyi ku China wosungidwa mokwanira ndipo mu 2022 analowa m’ndandanda wa UNESCO kudzera pa phwando lake la “Chǎn cháchǎng.” Njirayi yake ya «三绿一香» — zobiriwira zitatu ndi fungo limodzi la orchid — imabadwa kuchokera ku masiku 200 a chivumbi, 80% ya nkhalango, zinthu zamoyo kufika 14.8% ndi mbiya yopendekeka ndi chokoperera cha nsungwi. Phikani pa 85°C pogwiritsa njira ya “kutsanulira katatu” ndi kuona momwe “masingano” oongoka amatambasula pang’onopang’ono kukhala “maluwa a orchidi” m’madzi owala — ndipo lolani “Mzimu wa Dao ndi mphepo ya osakhoza kufa” adzaze kapu yanu.