Ningqiang Que She

Ningqiang Que She (宁强雀舌, Níngqiáng què shé) — “Lirime la Khadyera la Ningqiang” — ndi tiyi wobiriŵira wochokera m’chigawo cha Ningqiang (宁强县, Níngqiáng Xiàn), mzinda wa Hanzhong (汉中市), m’chigawo cha Shaanxi, womwe uli pafupi ndi magwero a mtsinje wa Hanjiang (汉江源头, Hànjiāng Yuántóu) — mtsinje waukulu kwambiri wolowa mu Yangtze, womwe unapereka dzina ku mzera wa Han (汉朝), anthu a Han (汉族) ndi zilembo za Chihan (汉字). Mwambo wa tiyi ku Ningqiang umayambira nthawi ya mzera wa Tang: Lu Yu m’buku lake la “Chajing” (《茶经》) analemba kuti: “梁州生褒城、金牛二县山谷” — “M’zigwa za m’mapiri a [maboma a] Baocheng ndi Jinniu m’dera la Liangzhou [muli tiyi].” Jinniu (金牛, “Ng’ombe ya Golide”) ndi dzina lakale la Ningqiang, lomwe limagwirizana ndi nthano ya “Njira ya Ng’ombe ya Golide” (金牛道, Jīnniú Dào) — njira yakale kwambiri yolumikiza Guanzhong (Xi’an) ndi Sichuan kudutsa m’mapiri a Qinling. Tiyi ameneyu anapangidwa mu 1992, ndipo mu 1996 analowa m’gulu la “tiyi wa ntchito zapadera za boma” (国家特需用茶, guójiā tèxū yòng chá) — kutanthauza kuti ankatumizidwa ku Zhongnanhai (中南海) — nyumba ya atsogoleri akulu a China. Mu 2002, Ningqiang inakhala boma loyamba la Shaanxi kupatsidwa chiphaso cha tiyi wa organic, ndipo dera la bomalo lili mkati mwa malo osungidwa a UNESCO a biosfera (联合国世界人与自然生物圈保护区). Nthaka yake ili ndi selenium (Se) 0,653–3,853 ppm — yochuluka kuwirikiza 1,5 kuposa avareji ya Hanzhong.

Kuyambira 2007, Ningqiang Que She ali m’gulu la chizindikiro cha dera cha “Hanzhong Xian Hao” (汉中仙毫, Hànzhōng Xiān Háo), koma amasunga umisiri wake ndi fungo lake lapadera: ngati “Hanzhong Xian Hao” ndi lathyathyathya ndi fungo la mtedza wa chestnut, “Ningqiang Que She” ndi “lirime la khadyera” (雀舌形) wokhala ndi fungo “lalitali komanso lonunkhira bwino” (高长馥郁) popanda kawawa konse.

1. Kugawikana ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriŵira (绿茶, lǜchá), wosaphikidwa. Maonekedwe — “lirime la khadyera” (雀舌形, quèshé xíng): yophwanyika pang’ono, yowonda, yokhala ndi timfundo ta siliva — mphukira imafanana ndi “lirime” la khadyera lotuluka. Gawo lachiŵiri la chizindikiro cha dera cha “Hanzhong Xian Hao” (汉中仙毫, chizindikiro cha malo, 2007), koma amasunga umwini wake, umisiri ndi dzina.

• Gulu: Chogulitsa chodziŵika ndi chizindikiro cha malo “Hanzhong Xian Hao” (国家地理标志产品, 2007). “Tiyi wa ntchito zapadera za boma” (国家特需用茶, 1996 — amatumizidwa ku Zhongnanhai). Tiyi woyamba wa organic ku Shaanxi (国家有机茶认证, 2002). Dera lachitsanzo la dziko lonse la kayendetsedwe ka tiyi wa organic (国家级有机茶标准化示范区, 2003). Mendulo ya golide ya Chiwonetsero cha Dziko Lonse cha Sayansi ndi Umisili pa Zaulimi cha “Houji” (中国农业科技博览会后稷金像奖, 1995). Mendulo ya golide ya Chiwonetsero cha M’dziko la Xi’an cha Malonda (西交会金奖, 2002). Malo osungidwa a UNESCO a biosfera. Wokhala ndi Se wochuluka.

• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Shaanxi (陕西省), mzinda wa Hanzhong (汉中市), boma la Ningqiang (宁强县). Malo abwino kwambiri: matauni a Hanyuan (汉源镇, “Gwero la Han [jiang]”) ndi Gaozhaizi (高寨子镇), 800–1200 m, m’zigwa za magwero a Hanjiang ndi Jialingjiang.

• Makonzedwe a malo: ~32°45′–33°15′ N, 105°55′–106°35′ E. Boma la kumpoto chakumadzulo kwenikweni la chigawo cha Shaanxi pa malo olumikizana a Qinling ndi Bashan.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

• Mbiri:

Ningqiang ndi limodzi la maboma akale kwambiri a tiyi ku Shaanxi. Lu Yu m’buku la “Chajing” (zaka za zana la 8) analemba kuti Liangzhou (梁州, dzina lakale la Hanzhong) n’limodzi mwa madera olimamo tiyi, ndipo anatchula mwatchutchutchu “zigwa za m’mapiri a [maboma a] Baocheng ndi Jinniu” (梁州生褒城、金牛二县山谷). Jinniu ndi dzina lakale la Ningqiang, lomwe limagwirizana ndi nthano ya “Njira ya Ng’ombe ya Golide” (金牛道) — imodzi mwa njira zakale kwambiri za ku China, imene kuyambira nthawi ya Nkhondo za Maufumu inali njira ya malonda pakati pa Guanzhong ndi Sichuan. Choncho, tiyi wa ku Ningqiang amapangidwa pa njira imene zinthu (kuphatikizapo tiyi) zimayenda kwa zaka zoposa 2300.

Ningqiang Que She wamakono anapangidwa mu 1992 ndi gulu la akatswiri a umisiri wa tiyi a m’bomalo pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya tiyi ya kwanuko. Mu 1993, anayesedwa ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi. Mu 1995, analandira mendulo ya golide ya “Houji” (后稷金像奖) pa Chiwonetsero cha Dziko Lonse cha Sayansi ndi Umisili pa Zaulimi. Mu 1996, analowa m’gulu la “国家特需用茶” — tiyi wa ntchito zapadera za boma: Ningqiang Que She ankatumizidwa ku Zhongnanhai (中南海) — nyumba ya atsogoleri akulu a China. Uwu ndi umodzi mwa tiyi oŵerengeka a ku China amene ali ndi umboni wa kukhala “tiyi wa anthu apamwamba a boma.” Mu 2002, analandira mendulo ya golide pa Chiwonetsero cha M’dziko la Xi’an cha Malonda (西交会金奖). M’chaka chomwecho, Ningqiang inakhala boma loyamba la Shaanxi kupatsidwa chiphaso cha tiyi wa organic, ndipo mu 2003 — dera lachitsanzo la dziko lonse la kayendetsedwe ka tiyi wa organic. Mu 2005, Ningqiang Que She pamodzi ndi Wuzi Xianhao (午子仙毫) ndi Dingjun Mingmei (定军茗眉) anapanga “Atatu Akulu a Hanzhong” (汉中三大名茶), ndipo mu 2007 mitundu yonse iŵiri inalumikizidwa pansi pa chizindikiro chachikulu cha “Hanzhong Xian Hao” (汉中仙毫). Mu 2017, “Hanzhong Xian Hao” analowa m’gulu la mitundu 50 ya tiyi ya madera yamphamvu kwambiri ku China (中国茶叶区域公用品牌价值50强).

• Dzina: 宁强 (Níngqiáng) — dzina la boma; 雀舌 (Què Shé) — “lirime la khadyera” — kufotokoza maonekedwe a tiyi womalizidwa: mphukira yaing’ono, yophwanyika pang’ono, yowonda, yooneka ngati lirime la khadyera lotuluka. “Queshe” ndi limodzi mwa magulu apamwamba a tiyi wobiriŵira, mofanana ndi “Mao Jian” ndi “Mao Feng”.

• Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe: Ningqiang — “Gwero la Hanjiang” (汉江源头). Hanjiang (汉江) ndi mtsinje waukulu kwambiri wolowa mu Yangtze (长江), wautali wa makilomita 1577, womwe unapereka dzina ku mzera wa Han (汉朝, 202 BC – 220 AD), anthu a Han (汉族) ndi zilembo za Chihan (汉字). Tiyi wochokera kumagwero a Hanjiang ndi tiyi “wamagwero a chitukuko cha Han.” Kuphatikiza apo, Ningqiang ili pa “Njira ya Ng’ombe ya Golide” — msewu wakale kwambiri wambiri womwe unkalumikiza Xi’an ndi Chengdu kudutsa m’mapiri a Qinling. Kumwa Ningqiang Que She ndiko kukhudza nthawi imodzi “Chajing” cha Lu Yu, magwero a chitukuko cha “Han” ndi mbiri ya zaka 2300 ya “Njira ya Ng’ombe ya Golide”.

3. Kufotokozera za Zomera ndi Zopangira:

• Mtundu / culitivara: Mtundu wa kwanuko (本地群体种), womwe unasinthidwa kuti ugwirizane ndi nyengo ya kumpoto kwa dera la sub-tropical la Qinling-Bashan. Masamba aang’ono, osazizira, okhala ndi timfundo ta siliva tambiri. Minda ina yowonjezeredwa ndi clone ya Fuding Dabai Cha kuti iwonjezere timfundo.

• Kukolola: M’nyengo ya masika — kuzungulira Qingming (清明, kumayambiriro kwa April). Mlingo — mphukira imodzi + tsamba limodzi loyamba kutuluka (一芽一叶初展). Mphukira iyenera kukhala yokwanira, yowonda, yopanda chilema — kuti ipange maonekedwe apadera a “lirime la khadyera”.

• Biyokemisi ya zopangira: Polifenolo ≥24,73 %, amino asidi — 3,43 %, Se + Zn kuchokera m’nthaka.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Ningqiang ili pamalo olumikizana a mapiri aŵiri akuluakulu — Qinling (秦岭) kumpoto ndi Bashan (巴山) kumwera, ndipo imapanga zigwa zakuya za m’mapiri zokhala ndi mitsinje ndi zigwa za nkhungu.

• Kutalika kwa malo olimapo: 800–1200 m. Pakati penipeni — 1000±200 m, m’zigwa za m’mapiri ndi mitsinje ya akasupe.

• Nyengo: Kumpoto kwa sub-tropical. Kutentha kwapachaka — 12,9 °C (chimodzi mwa zotsikitsitsa kwambiri pakati pa madera a tiyi a ku China — tiyi wa “kuzizira”). Mvula — 900–1100 mm. Kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku — >10 °C — kwakukulu, kumalimbikitsa amino asidi kuchuluka. Chinyezi cha mtambo — 85 %. Mapiri a Qinling amapanga chotchinga chachilengedwe choteteza chigwa ku mphepo yozizira ya kumpoto, kwinaku akulola mpweya wochokera ku Pacific wamvula kudutsa — “chobala chachilengedwe” cha tchire la tiyi.

• Nthaka: Browns, zomwe zinapangidwa pa granite (花岗岩发育棕壤土, pH 4,8–5,5). Zinthu za organic — >2,0 %. Selenium (Se) — 0,653–3,853 ppm — yochuluka kuwirikiza 1,5 kuposa avareji ya Hanzhong. Iyi ndi imodzi mwa nthaka za tiyi zokhala ndi Se wochuluka kwambiri ku Shaanxi. Zn nayo ndi yochuluka.

• Zachilengedwe: Kuphimba kwa nkhalango — >65 %. Dera la bomalo lili mkati mwa malo osungidwa a UNESCO a biosfera (联合国世界人与自然生物圈保护区). Zoposa 90% ya tiyi amapangidwa m’dera lapakati la zachilengedwe. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi manyowa aamagetsi ndi oletsedwa kuyambira 2002 (chiphaso cha organic). Mitsinje ya madzi oundana a Qinling imapereka madzi oyera kwambiri a ulimi wamadzi.

5. Umisiri Wopanga:

Umisiri wa Ningqiang Que She umaphatikiza “机械提效、手工定魂” — “makina kuti athandize, manja kuti asunge moyo.” Masitepe ofunika kwambiri:

• Kutambasula (摊放, tān fàng): Maola 4–6 pa kutentha kwa chipinda. Kutha kwa chinyezi ~15%. Kukulitsa zoyambitsa fungo.

• Kukonzekera zobiriŵira (杀青, shāqīng): Kuotcha mu mphika wopendekera pa 160–180 °C. Mofulumira — kuti asunge kutsitsimuka kwa “zobiriŵira” ndi fungo. Amagwiritsa ntchito kusinthanitsa kuponyera m’mwamba (抛) ndi kukanikizira (闷) — njira yachikale ya ku Shaanxi.

• Kuumba “lirime la khadyera” (做形, zuòxíng): Gawo lofunika kwambiri. Mphukira imaphwanyidwa pang’ono ndi zikhato kuti ikhale yooneka ngati “lirime” — yowonda, yophwanyika pang’ono, ndi nsonga yosongoka. Mayendedwe ndi opepuka, “okanikiza” (捺, nà), popanda kukanikiza mwamphamvu kuti asaphwanye tsamba ndikusunga timfundo ta siliva. Kutentha kwa mphika — kumatsitsidwa mpaka 80–90 °C. Gawo limeneli ndi “moyo” wa Ningqiang Que She ndipo ndi kusiyana kwakukulu ndi “Hanzhong Xian Hao” lathyathyathya: “lirime” limasunga kuchuluka ndi “kukhala ndi mpweya,” pamene “Xian Hao” lathyathyathya limakanikizidwa mokwanira.

• Kuyanika (烘干, hōnggān): Masitepe aŵiri — koyamba pa 100–110 °C, komaliza pa 70–80 °C mpaka chinyezi chochepera 6,5%. Kuyanika komaliza m’mbali m’mbali kumasunga fungo “lalitali komanso lonunkhira bwino” (高长馥郁), lomwe ndi lapadera ku Ningqiang.

• Zinthu zamakono: Zojambulira zopatsirana zimayang’anira kuchuluka kwa Se ndi polifenolo; zotenthetsera za digito — kutentha kwa mphika. Komabe, kuumba “lirime” kumapitirizabe kuchitidwa ndi manja.

6. Makhalidwe a Kulawa ndi Kununkhira:

• Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: “Lilime la khadyera” lophwanyika pang’ono, lowonda (微扁挺秀、匀齐似雀舌). Lobiriŵira ngati emerald ndi timfundo ta siliva tambiri (翠绿显毫). Mphukira — zofanana, zofanana kukula.

• Fungo la masamba owuma: “Lofewa” (嫩香, nèn xiāng). “Lalitali, lokhalitsa, lonunkhira bwino” (高长馥郁, gāo cháng fùyù) — ichi ndi kusiyana kwakukulu ndi “Hanzhong Xian Hao” wamba, womwe uli ndi kamvekedwe ka “chestnut” (栗香). Ningqiang Que She ndi wa “maluwa” ndi “orchid” kwambiri.

• Fungo la chomwera: Loyera (清香), ndi kamvekedwe kowonekera ka maluwa ndi zipatso. Pamene akuzizira — kamvekedwe ka “uchi”. Kukhalitsa kwa fungo — mphindi 3+ pa kapu yozizira.

• Kukoma: Kolimba ndi kotsekemera (醇厚甘甜, chúnhòu gāntián). Kukoma kotsalira kumbuyo (回甘) — kokhalitsa ndi koyera. Kupanda kawawa konse (无涩感, wú sè gǎn) — ndondomeko ya “醇厚甘甜，无涩感” — kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kukoma ndi “Hanzhong Xian Hao” ndi tiyi wina wambiri wobiriŵira. Izi ndi zotsatira za polifenolo wochepa (24,73 %) ndi amino asidi ochuluka (3,43 %) — kufanana kochokera ku terroir “yozizira” (12,9 °C) ndi nthaka ya Se.

• Mtundu wa chomwera: Wobiriŵira, wowala komanso woyera (绿亮清澈, lǜ liàng qīng chè).

• Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa): Lobiriŵira mofewa, “monga timaluwa”, la nyama (嫩绿成朵、肥厚柔软). Mphukira — zathunthu, zosathyoka, ndi maonekedwe a “lirime” osungidwa.

7. Kapangidwe ka Makemikolo:

• Polifenolo (茶多酚): ≥24,73 % — mlingo wowongola wa tiyi wobiriŵira, wopatsa kufewa ndi kusowa kwa kawawa.

• Amino asidi (氨基酸): 3,43 % — mlingo wokwera, wochokera ku terroir “yozizira” (12,9 °C) ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa usana ndi usiku (>10 °C). L-theanine ndiyo yochuluka.

• Selenium (Se): 0,653–3,853 ppm — yochuluka kuwirikiza 1,5 kuposa avareji ya Hanzhong. Kuchokera ku nthaka ya granite yokhala ndi Se wochuluka.

• Zinc (Zn): Wokwera — kuchokera ku nthaka yomweyo.

• Caffeine (咖啡碱): Mlingo wabwinobwino wa tiyi wobiriŵira.

• Mavitamini: Vitamini C, mavitamini a gulu B.

• Chiŵerengero cha polifenolo ndi amino asidi: ~7,2 — chodziŵika ku tiyi wa kumpoto wa “wotsekemera”; pofanizira, a kumwera amakhala 10–15. Chiŵerengero chochepa chimenechi chimapanga ndondomeko ya “popanda kawawa”.

8. Ubwino wa Thanzi:

• Kukhutitsidwa ndi Se: Kuchuluka kwa Se — mpaka 3,853 ppm — chimodzi mwa zokwera kwambiri pakati pa tiyi a Shaanxi. Selenium ndi chinthu chofunikira, chofunika kuti glutathione peroxidase igwire ntchito — enzyme yaikulu ya antioxidant m’thupi. Kumwa tiyi wa Se pafupipafupi kumathandiza kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha m’thupi ndi chitetezo cha antioxidant.

• Chitetezo cha antioxidant: Polifenolo (24,73 %) + vitamini C + Se — dongosolo la antioxidant la magawo atatu.

• Mphamvu zolimbikitsa: Caffeine pamodzi ndi L-theanine — mphamvu yochepa, yokhalitsa yopanda nkhawa. Mphamvu yofewa kwambiri chifukwa cha chiŵerengero chochepa cha polifenolo ndi amino asidi.

• Ntchito za ubongo: L-theanine imalimbikitsa kuyenda kwa mafunde a alpha mu ubongo — mkhalidwe wa “kukhala tcheru momasuka.”

• Kuthandizira chakudya: Ma catechins mofewa amalimbikitsa kuyenda kwa matumbo.

• Chofunika: Ubwino umene watchulidwawo umachokera ku nkhani zambiri ndipo si malangizo a zachipatala. Osakumwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku — osapitirira 600 ml.

9. Kuthira Madzi:

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 75–85 °C. Osagwiritsa ntchito madzi owira — “lilime” losalimba “limatenthedwa” ndikutaya fungo la maluwa. Kwa gulusi yapamwamba — 75 °C.

• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml (chiŵerengero 1:50).

• Chombo: Chikho chagalasi (推荐) — kuti muone “kuvina” kwa “lirime la khadyera” likumizika pang’onopang’ono m’madzi. Gaiwan ya porcelain yoyera — kuti isanjike fungo. Osalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mitsuko ya Yixing — porosity imatenga fungo losalimba.

• Njira yothiramo madzi — “Kuthira pakati” (中投法, zhōng tóu fǎ):

  1. Tenthetsani chikho ndi madzi owira.
  2. Thirani 1/3 madzi pa 85 °C.
  3. Onjezani tiyi.
  4. Gwedeza chikho kwa masekondi 30 — “kudzutsa.”
  5. Onjezani madzi mpaka 7/10 cha kuchuluka.
  6. Lolani kwa mphindi 1,5–2.

• Kuchuluka kwa kuthirira: 3–4 kuthirira. Lililonse lotsatira — kuwonjezera masekondi 30. Kuthirira katatu kumasunga fungo “lalitali komanso lonunkhira bwino” — “三泡余韵绵长” (“pambuyo pa kuthirira katatu, kukoma kotsalira kumapitirizabe kukhala kokhalitsa”).

10. Kusunga:

• Kutentha: 0–5 °C (firiji), m’kutsekeda kwathunthu. Ningqiang Que She ndi tiyi wosalimba wa “mphukira,” womwe umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha, chinyezi ndi fungo lachilendo.
• Chotengera: Chotsekedwa kwathunthu, chosawonekera. Zojambulazo za aluminiyamu + paketi ya vacuum — ndi yabwino kwambiri.
• Kuwala: Kusatulukira konse — timfundo ndi chlorophyll ndi zosavuta kuwonongeka ndi kuwala.
• Nthawi: Amalimbikitsidwa kumwedwa mkati mwa miyezi 6–8. Tiyi watsopano — masiku 7–10 a “kupumula” kuti athetse “moto”.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Ningqiang Que She ndi tiyi wamtengo wapamwamba, wofanana ndi mitundu ina ya “queshe”. Gulusi yapamwamba — kuyambira 600–1000 yuan/500 g; yoyamba — 300–600 yuan; yambiri — 100–300 yuan.

• Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
  • Chizindikiro — “宁强雀舌” kapena “汉中仙毫” ndi kutchula “宁强” monga malo opangira.
  • Maonekedwe — “lirime la khadyera” lowonda (微扁挺秀), osati lathyathyathya kapena lopindika.
  • Fungo — “lalitali komanso lonunkhira bwino” (高长馥郁), popanda kamvekedwe ka “chestnut” (komwe kamadziŵika ndi “Xian Hao” wamba).
  • Kukoma — popanda kawawa (无涩感). Kukhalapo ka kawawa ndi chizindikiro cha kusinthidwa ndi tiyi wina.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

• Tiyi wa Zhongnanhai (1996). “国家特需用茶” — udindo wa tiyi wa ntchito zapadera za boma. Ningqiang Que She ankatumizidwa ku nyumba ya atsogoleri akulu a China — umodzi mwa tiyi oŵerengeka a ku China okhala ndi umboni wa udindo wa “tiyi wa anthu apamwamba a boma.”

• Gwero la Hanjiang = gwero la chitukuko cha “Han.” Hanjiang ndi mtsinje umene unapereka dzina ku mzera wa Han (汉朝), anthu a Han (汉族) ndi zilembo za Chihan (汉字). Kumwa tiyi wochokera ku magwero ake ndiko kukhudza mizu ya chitukuko cha “Han,” chomwe chimalumikiza anthu oposa 1.4 biliyoni.

• “Njira ya Ng’ombe ya Golide” (金牛道). Njira yakale kwambiri kudutsa Qinling, imene kuyambira nthawi ya Nkhondo za Maufumu (Zaka za zana la 5 BC) inali njira ya malonda pakati pa Xi’an ndi Chengdu. Ningqiang (Jinniu wakale) ndi siteshoni yofunika pa njira imeneyi. Tiyi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zinkayenda m’njira imeneyi kwa zaka 2300.

• Malo osungidwa a UNESCO a biosfera. Dera la boma la Ningqiang — lotetezedwa ndi pulogalamu ya UNESCO ya “Munthu ndi Biosfera” (MAB). Tiyi wolimidwa m’malo osungidwa a biosfera ndi osowa.

• Se mpaka 3,853 ppm. Chimodzi mwa zokwera kwambiri pakati pa madera onse a tiyi a Shaanxi. Pofanizira, tiyi wa Se “wamba” amakhala ndi 0,3–0,8 ppm.

• Tiyi woyamba wa organic ku Shaanxi (2002). Ningqiang ndi mtsogoleri wa chiphaso cha organic m’chigawochi, ndipo anapereka chitsanzo ku Hanzhong yonse.

• “Popanda kawawa” — ndondomeko ya khalidwe. “醇厚甘甜，无涩感” — “kolimba, kotsekemera, popanda kawawa.” Izi ndi zotsatira za kufanana kwapadera: polifenolo 24,73 % / amino asidi 3,43 % = chiŵerengero ~7,2 — chimodzi mwa zochepetsetsa pakati pa tiyi wobiriŵira wa ku China.

13. Kufanizira ndi “queshe” zina ndi tiyi ya Hanzhong:

• Hanzhong Xian Hao (汉中仙毫, Hànzhōng Xiān Háo): Chizindikiro chachikulu chophatikiza tiyi ya Hanzhong. Maonekedwe lathyathyathya. Fungo la “chestnut”. Ningqiang Que She — maonekedwe a “lirime” (雀舌), fungo “lalitali komanso lonunkhira bwino”, popanda kawawa. Kukoma kwa Ningqiang n’kwa “maluwa” komanso “kotsekemera” kwambiri.

• Jintan Que She (金坛雀舌, Jīntán Què Shé): Jiangsu. Ngakhale ndi “lirime la khadyera,” koma limachokera kummawa kwa China, popanda kukhutitsidwa ndi Se. Fungo — “loyera ndi lofewa” (清雅). Ningqiang — lokhala ndi “kununkhira bwino” kowonekera kwambiri ndi Se.

• Dingjun Mingmei (定军茗眉, Dìngjūn Míng Méi): Hanzhong, “Tiyi wobadwira wa [phiri la] Dingjun” — kuchokera m’chizindikiro chomwecho cha “Xian Hao”. Maonekedwe — “bwadzi” lathyathyathya. Ningqiang — “lirime”. Onsewa ndi okhutitsidwa ndi Se, koma amachokera m’madera osiyanasiyana a Hanzhong.

Pomaliza:

Ningqiang Que She — “Lirime la Khadyera” lochokera ku magwero a Hanjiang, mtsinje umene unapereka dzina ku chitukuko chathunthu. Tiyi womwe unkatumizidwa ku Zhongnanhai (1996), wolimidwa m’malo osungidwa a UNESCO a biosfera, pa “Njira ya Ng’ombe ya Golide” — njira yakale kwambiri kudutsa mapiri a Qinling, — tiyi woyamba wa organic ku Shaanxi ndi umodzi mwa okhala ndi Se wochuluka kwambiri ku China (mpaka 3,853 ppm). Ndondomeko yake — “醇厚甘甜，无涩感” — “kolimba, kotsekemera, popanda kawawa” — si mawu okopa okha, koma zotsatira za terroir yapadera: kutentha kwapachaka kwa 12,9 °C, nthaka ya granite ya Se, ndi chigwa cha m’mapiri pamphambano ya Qinling ndi Bashan. Thirani “kuthira pakati” pa 85 °C — ndipo pambuyo pa kuthirira katatu, kukoma kotsalira kudzakhalabe kokhalitsa, monga mtsinje wa Han ukuyenda kuchokera ku mapiri amenewa kupita ku Yangtze yayikulu.