Nínghóng Gōngfū · new.thetea.app

Nínghóng Gōngfū ndi umodzi mwa tiyi wofiira wa gōngfū wakale kwambiri komanso wodziwika bwino ku China, wopangidwa m’chigawo cha Xiūshuǐ Xiàn (修水县) m’chigawo cha Jiāngxī. Malinga ndi mawu a “bambo wa sayansi ya tiyi yamakono ku China” Wú Juénóng (吴觉农, Wú Juénóng), “Nínghóng ndi nthambi yakale kwambiri: Nínghóng inatsogolera Qímén ndi zaka 90; poyamba panali Nínghóng, kenaka Qíhóng.” Pa nthawi yake yapamwamba kwambiri chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, Nínghóng idatumizidwa ku Ulaya ndi America m’mabokosi masauzande ambiri ndipo amalonda a mayiko osiyanasiyana adayipatsa dzina loti “Tiyi yomwe inaveka korona ku China — mtengo womwe udaveka korona pa dziko lonse” (茶盖中华，价甲天下, chá gài Zhōnghuá, jià jiǎ tiānxià).

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wofiira (红茶, hóngchá) — wokwanira kuvunda (okisi).
Gulu: Ma tiyi ofiira a gōngfū a ku China (工夫红茶, gōngfu hóngchá); tiyi odziwika m’mbiri ya China.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Jiāngxī (江西省, Jiāngxī Shěng); mzinda wa Jiǔjiāng (九江市, Jiǔjiāng Shì); chigawo cha Xiūshuǐ (修水县, Xiūshuǐ Xiàn) — pomwe amapanga tiyi wambiri (pafupifupi 80% ya Nínghóng yense). Amapangidwanso m’maboma oyandikana a Tónggǔ (铜鼓县) ndi Wǔníng (武宁县). Dera lotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha geographical indication limakhudza matauni ndi midzi 36 ya chigawo cha Xiūshuǐ.
Ma coordinates: ≈ 29.0° N, 114.4° E (pakati pa Xiūshuǐ Xiàn). Dera lotetezedwa: 28°47′–29°22′ N, 113°57′–114°56′ E.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Chigawo cha Xiūshuǐ, chimene kale chinkatchedwa Yìníng (义宁, Yìníng) kapena Fēnníng (分宁, Fēnníng), chili ndi mbiri ya tiyi yopitilira zaka chikwi chimodzi. Kale mu nyengo ya Northern Song (北宋, Běi Sòng, 960–1127), tiyi wobiriwira wa m’deralo wotchedwa Shuāngjǐng Chá (双井茶, Shuāngjǐng Chá) adadziwika bwino, womwe ndime wolemba ndakatulo Huáng Tíngjiān (黄庭坚, Huáng Tíngjiān, 1045–1105) adapereka kwa alembi a likulu, kuphatikiza Sū Dōngpō (苏东坡). Komabe tiyi wofiira adabwera pambuyo pake. M’zaka za Dàoguāng (道光, Dàoguāng, 1821–1850) ku Xiūshuǐ anayamba kupanga tiyi wofiira wa gōngfū, ndipo pofika pakati pa zaka za m’ma 1800, Nínghóng adakhala mmodzi mwa tiyi wotengedwa kunja kwambiri ku China. Pofika m’zaka za m’ma 1890, Nínghóng wotumiza kunja pachaka anafika pa mabokosi 300,000 (aliyense wa 25 jīn / ~12.5 kg), omwe anali gawo la khumi la tiyi yense yotumizidwa kunja. M’chigawochi munali makampani opitilira 100 a tiyi (茶行, cháháng) ndi nyumba zamalonda monga “Zhènzhí gōngsī” (振植公司), “Jíchāng háng” (吉昌行), “Yíhé fú” (怡和福), “Héngfēng shùn” (恒丰顺) ndi ena ambiri.

Mu 1897, mbadwa ya chigawo choyandikana nacho, katswiri wa tiyi Liú Jùnzhōu (刘峻周, Liú Jùnzhōu), adatengera ukadaulo wa Nínghóng ku Georgia (Caucasus), kumene adakhazikitsa mahekitala 150 a minda ya tiyi m’dera la Chakvi (Batumi) ndipo adayambitsa kupanga tiyi wofiira wotchedwa “tiyi wa Liú” (刘茶). Pa Chiwonetsero cha Padziko Lonse ku Paris mu 1900 “tiyi wa Liú” adapambana mendulo ya golide, ndipo mu 1909 boma la tsar linamupatsa Liú Jùnzhōu chigonjetso — choyamba kwa munthu wakunja yemwe sanali nzika ya Russia.

Mu 1904 katswiri Luó Kūnhuà (罗坤化) wa ku mzinda wa Mànjiāng (漫江, Mànjiāng) anapangira nyumba yachifumu gulu la “Tàizǐ Chá” (太子茶, Tàizǐ Chá — “Tiyi wa kalonga wolowa nyumba”), lomwe linagulitsidwa ku Hankou kwa amalonda achi Russia pa mtengo wa liang iŵiri za siliva pa jīn. Mu 1914 gulu lomwelo — “Bái Zì Hào Tàizǐ Chá” (白字号太子茶) — idawonetsedwa pa Chiwonetsero cha Mayiko a Shanghai, pomwe idayesedwa mtengo wa liang 48 za siliva pa pondo; nyumba zisanu zakunja za malonda zidapatsa Nínghóng chikwangwani chokumbukira chakuti “Tiyi yomwe inaveka korona ku China — mtengo womwe udaveka korona pa dziko lonse.”

Kuyambira m’zaka za m’ma 1930, pokakamizidwa ndi mpikisano wa tiyi wochokera ku India, Ceylon, ndi Japan, komanso m’kati mwa nkhondo ndi zosokonezeka za chikhalidwe, kutulutsa Nínghóng kunagwa modzidzimutsa. Kubadwanso kunayamba pambuyo pa 1949: mu 1958, fakitale ya tiyi ya boma inakhazikitsidwa ku Xiūshuǐ. Mu 1985 Nínghóng adalowa mgulu la tiyi omwe adalembedwa pa dziko lonse. Mu 2011 “Xiūshuǐ Nínghóng Chá” (修水宁红茶) adalandira chizindikiro cha geographical indication (地理标志, dìlǐ biāozhì) kuchokera ku Unduna wa Zaulimi wa China (lamulo la n. 1699). Mu 2021 ukadaulo wa kupanga Nínghóng Gōngfū udaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wowonjezera wa chikhalidwe cha dziko lomwe sichigwirika ndi dzanja, ndipo mu 2023 malo opangira adavomerezedwa ngati State Demonstration Base for Productive Protection of National Intangible Cultural Heritage (国家级非物质文化遗产生产性保护示范基地) pa nthawi ya 2023–2025.
Dzina: 宁 (Níng) — kuchokera ku dzina lakale la dera “Níngzhōu” (宁州, Níngzhōu), lomwe Nínghóng adadziwika nalo pa misika ya mayiko; 红 (hóng) — “wofiira,” kutanthauza tiyi wokwanira kuvunda; 工夫 (gōngfū) — “luso, chisamaliro,” kusonyeza ukadaulo wa chikhalidwe ndi kusanja mwaluso kwamanja ndi kulamuliridwa mwadongosolo gawo lililonse. Choncho, “Nínghóng Gōngfū” kutanthauza kwenikweni “tiyi wofiira wochokera ku Níngzhōu, wopangidwa mwaluso.”
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Nínghóng ali ndi malo apadera m’mbiri yotumiza kunja tiyi wa China: pamodzi ndi Qímén Hóng Chá (祁红) ndi Zhèng Shān Xiǎo Zhǒng (正山小种) adapanga gulu la atatu la tiyi wofiira wamkulu omwe anatsegula njira kwa tiyi wa China pa msika wa ku Ulaya. Katswiri wa tiyi waku America William Ukers mu buku lake “All About Tea” (1935) adanenanso kuti “Nínghóng amasiyanitsidwa ndi maonekedwe abwino, kupotokola kolimba, mtundu wakuda ndi madzi ofiira ngati amber, omwe amayamikiridwa kwambiri m’masakanizo.” Kuphatikizapo, kudzera mwa akatswiri a Nínghóng, chikhalidwe cha tiyi chinafalikira ku Húběi (kupanga Yíhóng), Húnán, ndi Georgia, zomwe zimapangitsa Xiūshuǐ kukhala “kwawo kwa tiyi wofiira wa gōngfū” (工夫红茶故乡) m’lingaliro lalikulu la mbiri.

3. Malongosoledwe a Zomera ndi Malo Opangira:

Mtundu / Cultivar: Mwamwambo amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yaing’ono ndi yapakatikati ya masamba a Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (群体种, qúntǐzhǒng), zomwe zakula m’mapiri a Xiūshuǐ kuyambira kale. M’zaka zaposachedwa, pamodzi ndi mitundu yakale, abzala ma cultivar osankhidwa am’deralo.
Kututa: Masika–chilimwe. Magulu abwino kwambiri amachokera pa kututa koyamba kwa masika (清明前后, Qīngmíng qiánhòu — mozungulira chikondwerero cha Qīngmíng, kumayambiriro kwa April). Kututa kwa chilimwe ndi kwa m’dzinja kumapereka zakuthupi za mitundu ya misika.
Muyezo wa kututa: “Mphukira limodzi ndi tsamba limodzi” (一芽一叶) kwa magulu apamwamba; “mphukira limodzi ndi masamba aŵiri” (一芽二叶) kwa magulu okhazikika; mphukira zangwiro (单芽) kwa magulu apamwamba kwambiri ngati “Tàizǐ Chá”.
Zofunikira pa zakuthupi: Tsamba lathunthu, losasweka, ndi zitsulo zochepa; kupsa n’kofunika kwambiri — kuyambira kututa mpaka kuwumitsa siyenera kupitirira maola 4–6.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Kutalika kwa kulima: Kuchokera 200 mpaka 1 200 m; minda yabwino kwambiri ili m’mphepete mwa mapiri a Mùfù (幕阜山脉, Mùfù Shānmài) kumpoto ndi Jiǔlǐng (九岭山脉, Jiǔlǐng Shānmài) kumwera, pamalo otalika 400–800 m. Malo okwera kwambiri m’chigawochi ndi 1 715 m.
Nyengo: Nyengo yotentha yamvula ya monsoon. Kutentha kwapakatikati pachaka ndi 16.5 °C; mvula yapachaka ndi 1 577 mm; masiku opanda chisanu ndi 247. Mapiri a Xiūshuǐ amapanga nyengo yosiyana m’malo okwera: kuyenda kosatha kwa mitambo ndi nkhungu, kuwala kosalunjika, kutentha pang’ono. Izi — chinyezi chambiri, mitambo, kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku — zimathandiza kudzikundikira kwa zokometsera, ma amino acid ndi polyphenols mu tsamba la tiyi. Mtsinje wa Xiū (修河, Xiū Hé) umadutsa chigawochi kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum’mawa, kupanga chigwa chachonde.
Nthaka: 90% ya dera ndi nthaka zofiira ndi zachikasu (红壤/黄壤) ndi pH 4.5–6.5; mbali yachonde kwambiri yokhala ndi zinthu zambiri organic, potaziyamu, manganese ndi chitsulo; madzi amalowa bwino. Nkhalango ya chigawochi ndi 67.6%, zomwe zimapereka kuyanjana kwachilengedwe kwa chinyezi ndi chitetezo ku mphepo.
Ulimi: Kututa kwamanja ndi kofala; minda ili m’mphepete mwa mapiri mpaka 25°, yopangidwa ma terrace kuti aletse kukokoloka. Manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka organic; mulching amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ph ndi labwino kwa Nínghóng ndi pH 4.5–5.5.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Nínghóng Gōngfū ndi tiyi wofiira wa gōngfū wachikhalidwe, dzina lomwe limatchula mwachindunji “luso” (工夫, gōngfū) la kukonza. Njira yopangira:

Kututa (采摘, cǎizhāi): Kusankhidwa kwamanja kwa mphukira zofatsa m’nthawi ya m’mawa.
Kufooketsa (萎凋, wěidiāo): Pamashelufu a nsungwi kapena m’malo oyenda mphepo; nthawi — maola 12–18. Chinyezi cha tsamba chimachepetsedwa kufika 60–64%; tsamba limakhala lofewa ndi lonunkhira, kutaya fungo la “udzu.” Kwa kupanga kwakukulu, kufooketsa kokakamizidwa (萎凋槽, wěidiāo cáo) ndi mphepo yoyenda imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kupotokola (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kupotokola kwa makina kwa mphindi 60–90 ndi kusinthana kwa kupanikizika. Tsamba limapangidwa kukhala kopota kolimba ngati “chinthu cha ulusi” (条形紧结, tiáoxíng jǐnjié) — chizindikiro cha Nínghóng.
Kuvunda / oksidi (发酵, fājiào): Pa kutentha 24–28 °C ndi chinyezi 85–95%. Nthawi — maola 3–5, mpaka kufika pa mtundu wamkuwa-wofiira wa tsamba ndi fungo lowoneka la zipatso ndi uchi. Panthawi imeneyi, ma catechin amasandulika kukhala theaflavin ndi thearubigin.
Kuyanika (烘干, hōnggān / 干燥, gānzào): Kuyanika kawiri: koyamba pa 110–120 °C, komaliza pa 80–90 °C. Chinyezi chotsalira ndi 5–6%.
Kusanja ndi kuphatikiza (分级与拼配, fēnjí yǔ pīnpèi): Tiyi womalizidwa amasefedwa, kutsukidwa ndi zitsulo, kulekanitsidwa m’magulu, ndipo ngati pakufunika amaphatikizidwa kuti akhale ndi kakomedwe kofanana. Mwatsatanetsatane, kusanja mwaluso — njira yobwerezabwereza ya “gōngfū” — idapatsa dzina kalembedwe kameneka.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Kupotokola kolimba, kophatikana ngati “ulusi” (紧结, jǐnjié); “nzingano” zowonda, zazitali (苗锋修长, miáofēng xiūcháng); mtundu — kuchokera ku bulauni yakuda mpaka kuda ndi konyezimira kwamafuta (乌润, wūrùn). Masamba agolide amapezeka m’magulu apamwamba.
Fungo la tsamba louma: Lokoma ndi lalitali (甜香高长, tiánxiāng gāocháng); mawu a uchi, zipatso zowuma, fungo laling’ono la mkate wophikidwa mwatsopano ndi mtedza wokazingidwa.
Fungo la madzi: Losanjikiza: poyamba — uchi wosasa ndi caramel; pokula — mawu a zipatso zowuma za apricot, prunes, chiphuphu cha mkate; kumapeto — fungo laling’ono lamaluwa ndi kutentha kwa nkhuni.
Kakomedwe: Kotsekemera ndi kofewa (甜醇, tiánchún); “thupi” lolimba koma losalemera; chowawa chabafuta chimasandulika mokhalitsa kukhala kakomedwe kautali (回甘). “Kutsekemera koyera” kwa Nínghóng ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha khalidwe.
Mtundu wa madzi: Wofiira ngati amber, wowala ndi wowonekera bwino (红亮, hóngliàng); m’magulu abwino kwambiri — ndi “mphete” yagolide m’mphepete mwa kapu.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophatikizidwa): Lofiira mofatsa, lopakidwa utoto mofanana (浅红, qiǎnhóng); masamba ofewa, osalimba, amatseguka kwathunthu.

7. Zomangamanga za Mankhwala:

Malinga ndi zofunikira za geographical indication “Xiūshuǐ Nínghóng Chá” (2011):

Zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi (水浸出物): 36–40%.
Ma polyphenols (茶多酚): 16.5–25% — mulingo wocheperako womwe umapereka chowawa chofewa, chosakalipa.
Ma amino acid (氨基酸): 5–7% — mulingo wokwera womwe umalongosola kutsekemera kwachilengedwe.
Caffeine (咖啡碱): 3–4.5%.
Theaflavin (茶黄素): 1–1.5% — amapereka kuwala ndi “moyo” wa madzi.
Thearubigin (茶红素): 0.7–2% — amapanga kuya kwa mtundu ndi “thupi” la kakomedwe.
Ma polysaccharides osungunuka m’madzi (水溶性多糖类): 2.5–3.5% — amathandizira kuzungulira ndi “kukhala kwamafuta” kwa madzi.
Mavithamini: Ma vithamini a gulu B (B₁, B₂), zizindikiro za vithamini C, vithamini E.
Mchere: Potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, zinc, fluoride — chifukwa cha nthaka zofiira ndi zachikasu za Xiūshuǐ.

8. Ubwino wa Thupi:

Kulimbitsa thupi mofewa: Caffeine (3–4.5%) pamodzi ndi L-theanine imapereka mphamvu yosalala ndi yotalikirapo popanda kuda nkhawa.
Chitetezo cha antioxidant: Theaflavin ndi thearubigin amalepheretsa ma free radicals; mulingo wochepa wa polyphenols umapangitsa Nínghóng kukhala wabwino m’mimba pakamwedwa nthawi zonse.
Kuthandiza kugaya: Tiyi wofiira wotentha amalimbikitsa kutulutsa ma enzymes a chakudya ndipo amathandiza kugaya zakudya za protein ndi mafuta.
Dongosolo la mtima ndi mitsempha: Ma polyphenols amathandizira kuti mitsempha ikhale yosalala; ma polysaccharides a tiyi amakhudzana ndi kuyika kwa shuga m’magazi mwabwino.
Kutenthetsa: Monga tiyi wina wofiira, Nínghóng ndi chakumwa “chotentha” m’maphunziro a zakudya zachi China; ndi wabwino makamaka m’nthawi yoziziritsa.
Ntchito za ubongo: L-theanine imathandizira kukhazikika ndi kuchepetsa kupsinjika.
Thanzi la mkamwa: Fluoride yomwe ili mu tsamba la tiyi imalimbikitsa enamel ya mano; zinthu zowawa zomwe zimapereka kakomedwe kowawa zimagwira ntchito yochepetsera mabakiteriya.

9. Kupaka (Kuwira):

Kutentha kwa madzi: 90–95 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 4–5 g pa 100–120 ml (njira ya gōngfū); 3–4 g pa 200 ml (njira yaku Ulaya mu tiyi poto ya porcelain).
Ziwiya: Gàiwǎn (盖碗) yoyera ya porcelain — imalola kuwona kuwala kwa madzi ndi fungo; tiyi poto ya porcelain; tiyi poto wa Yíxīng (宜兴紫砂壶) kuti mumve mokwanira ndi “kukuta.”
Ndondomeko (njira ya gōngfū):
1. Tenthetsani gàiwǎn ndi cháhǎi ndi madzi otentha, tsani madzi.
2. Thirani tiyi; uzani fungo la tsamba lotenthedwa.
3. Kutsuka sikofunikira; ndizovomerezeka kuchapa mwamsanga (1–2 sekondi) kwa tsamba lopota mwamphamvu.
4. Mphula yoyamba: masekondi 8–12.
5. Mphula ya 2–4: masekondi 10–15.
6. Mphula ya 5–7: masekondi 15–25 ndi kuwonjezera pang’onopang’ono.
7. Nínghóng wabwino amatha kupirira mphula 7–9 zokwanira.
Njira yaku Ulaya: 3–4 g a tiyi, 200 ml madzi 90 °C, kupakira kwa mphindi 3–4. Nínghóng ndi mmodzi mwa tiyi wofiira wocheperako wa ku China omwe kale ankagwiritsidwa ntchito m’masakanizo a msika wa kumadzulo; ndi woyeneranso kwambiri pa kupaka kwa “kumadzulo” kokha.

10. Kusunga:

Chidebe chotsekedwa bwino, chosatha kuwala; chitetezo ku fungo lachilendo, kuwala ndi chinyezi.
Kutentha koyenera — 15–25 °C; malo owuma, amdima. Kusunga mufiriji sikovomerezeka.
Nthawi yabwino kumwedwa — miyezi 12–24. Magulu apamwamba kwambiri akasungidwa bwino amatha “kuzungulira” zaka 2–3: chowawa chimachepetsedwa, mawu a caramel ndi uchi amakula.

11. Mtengo ndi Zolemba Zabodza:

Gulu la mtengo: Mitundu yosiyanasiyana — kuchokera ku mitundu yapa msika (100–300 yuan / 500 g) mpaka “Tàizǐ Chá” wapamwamba ndi magulu osanjidwa mwaluso kwambiri (1,000–3,000+ yuan / 500 g). Zomwe zimatengera mtengo: muyezo wa kututa, chiwerengero cha masamba agolide, nyengo (kututa koyamba kwa masika ndi kokwera mtengo), kuchuluka kwa ntchito yamanja, mbiri ya wopanga.
Momwe mungapewere zolemba zabodza:
1. Gulani malonda omwe ali ndi chizindikiro cha geographical indication “修水宁红茶” (yolembedwa ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi wa China, 2011).
2. Onani maonekedwe: Nínghóng Gōngfū weniweni ndi “nzingano” zopota mwamphamvu zoonda ndi zonyezimira ngati mafuta, popanda fumbi ndi zidutswa.
3. Onani fungo: loyera, lokoma, lalitali; palibe mawu owawidwa, opsereza kapena ofumbwa.
4. Onani madzi: ofiira ngati amber, owala ndi owonekera bwino; madzi amdima kapena osawonekera ndi chizindikiro cha tiyi wopanda pake kapena wabodza.
5. Samalani ndi mitengo yokayikitsa yotsika, makamaka ngati malonda alembedwa ngati “Tàizǐ Chá” kapena “gulu lapadera.”

12. Zosangalatsa:

Wú Juénóng (吴觉农, 1897–1989), “bambo wa sayansi ya tiyi ya China,” adanena kuti paulendo wake wopita ku London mu 1934, adawona m’mashelufu mapaketi a malonda omwe amalembapo “Ningchow Black Tea” (宁州红茶) — koma mkati mwake munali tiyi wochokera ku Qímén: dzina la malonda la “Níngzhōu” linali lolemekezeka kwambiri kotero kuti linapulumuka tiyi yemwe anali atakhala wosowa panthawiyo.
Katswiri wa tiyi Liú Jùnzhōu (刘峻周), mbadwa ya madera ozungulira Xiūshuǐ, mu 1897 adatengera ukadaulo wa Nínghóng ku Caucasus ndipo adakhazikitsa munda wa tiyi pafupi ndi Batumi (Georgia). “Tiyi wa Liú” wake adalandira mendulo ya golide pa Chiwonetsero cha Padziko Lonse ku Paris (1900), ndipo mu 1909 Liú adapatsidwa chigonjetso cha tsar cha degree yachitatu — munthu woyamba wakunja yemwe sanali nzika ya Russia kulandira ulemu wotero. Ku Georgia, malo okumbukira a Liú Jùnzhōu akadalipo lero.
Mu 1914, pondo ya gulu lapamwamba kwambiri la Nínghóng — “Bái Zì Hào Tàizǐ Chá” (chizindikiro choyera “Tiyi wa kalonga wolowa nyumba”) — inagulitsidwa pa Chiwonetsero cha Mayiko a Shanghai pa mtengo wa liang 48 za siliva, zomwe zinali zofanana ndi mtengo wa makilogalamu makumi angapo a mpunga pa nthawiyo.
Ukadaulo wa akatswiri a Nínghóng unafalikira kutali kupitirira Jiāngxī: ndi anthu ochokera ku Xiūshuǐ omwe anaphunzitsa luso la tiyi wofiira kwa akatswiri a ku Húběi (dera la Yánglóudòng / 羊楼洞), Húnán (Línxiāng / 临湘) ndi madera ena, kuyala maziko a “Yíhóng Gōngfū” (宜红工夫) ndi ma tiyi wofiira ena a m’deralo.
Wailesi ya CCTV-10 idapereka ku Xiūshuǐ magawo aŵiri a kanema wa zolembedwa wa magawo 90 wotchedwa “Njira ya Tiyi” (茶叶之路, 2014) — gawo 21 “Nínghóng wa Zaka 100” (百年宁红) ndi gawo 22 “Tiyi Wodabwitsa wa Xiūshuǐ” (修水传奇茶), pamene madera ena otchuka a tiyi adapatsidwa gawo limodzi lililonse.

13. Kufanizitsa ndi ma tiyi wofiira a gōngfū ena:

Qí Mén Hóng Chá (祁门红茶, Qímén Hóngchá): Ndi tiyi wofiira wodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse waku Jiāngxī-Anhui. Qímén ndi wonunkhira mwaluso, ndi fungo lake lodziwika la “maluwa a orchid” (祁门香) ndi mawonekedwe aulemu, pang’ono owuma. Nínghóng ndi wotsekemera, wodzala, ndi mawu owoneka bwino a uchi ndi thupi “lophimba.” M’mbiri yakale, Nínghóng ndi wamkulu kuposa Qímén ndi zaka pafupifupi 90.
Tǎnyáng Gōngfū (坦洋工夫, Tǎnyáng Gōngfū): Tiyi wofiira wa gōngfū waku Fujian wochokera ku Fú’ān. Tǎnyáng ndi wochuluka kwambiri, wokhala ndi chikhalidwe cha zipatso ndi maluwa (makamaka m’matembenuzidwe amakono a “huāguǒxiāng” - 花果香). Nínghóng ndi wachikhalidwe, wouma, ndi mawu a uchi-mkate kwambiri.
Zhèng Shān Xiǎo Zhǒng (正山小种, Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng): Tiyi wofiira wamgulu laling’ono waku Fujian, wakale kwambiri potengera mtundu, koma osati m’mbiri ya mafakitale. Xiǎo Zhǒng wachikhalidwe ali ndi fungo lodziwika la utsi (松烟香) ndi kakomedwe ka longan; wamakono — zipatso ndi maluwa. Nínghóng alibe mawu a utsi, koma amagawana kutsekemera kozungulira ndi Xiǎo Zhǒng wamakono.
Diānhóng (滇红, Diānhóng): Tiyi wofiira waku Yunnan wochokera ku ma cultivar akuluakulu a Assam. Diānhóng ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, ndi mawu a cocoa, zokometsera ndi zipatso zotentha, mulingo wochuluka wa polyphenols ndi caffeine. Nínghóng ndi wofatsa, wopepuka, wokhala ndi kutsekemera koyera ngati “silika.”

Pomaliza:

Nínghóng Gōngfū ndi nthano yamoyo ya tiyi waku China, yomwe kukula kwake m’mbiri kuli kofanana ndi Qímén ndi Zhèng Shān Xiǎo Zhǒng. Mbiri ya zaka 200 — kuchokera ku “Tiyi ya kalonga wolowa nyumba” ya nyumba yachifumu ndi mendulo za golide zaku Paris mpaka kukhala chikhalidwe cha dziko lomwe sichigwirika ndi dzanja — imapangitsa kapu iliyonse ya Nínghóng kukhala phesi la mbiri yayikulu. Pa kakomedwe, tiyi uyu ndi wogwirizana modabwitsa: kutsekemera kwa uchi, chowawa chabafuta, fungo lotentha la mkate ndi kakomedwe koyera, kautali. Nínghóng ndi mnzake wabwino kwambiri pakumwa tiyi mwapang’onopang’ono m’njira ya gōngfū, komanso amagwira bwino ntchito m’njira ya “kumadzulo” yopaka tiyi ndipo ngakhale m’masakanizo — mwambo womwe mizu yake imachokera ku zipinda zosangalala za Victorian za mzinda wa London m’zaka za zana la 19.