Mǔdān Wáng · new.thetea.app

Mǔdān Wáng ndi dzina la chiyankhulo ndi la malonda la gulu lapamwamba la tiyi woyera wotchedwa Bái Mǔdān (白牡丹, Bái Mǔdān), yomwe imakhala pakati pa Báiháo Yínzhēn (白毫银针) ndi Bái Mǔdān wamba. Malinga ndi mulingo wadziko GB/T 22291-2017 “Tiyi Woyera,” dzina lovomerezeka la gulu ili ndi “Bái Mǔdān, gulu lapamwamba kwambiri” (白牡丹特级, Bái Mǔdān tèjí). Dzina lakuti “Mǔdān Wáng” (牡丹王, “Mfumu ya Peoni”) ndi losavomerezeka mwalamulo, koma limagwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse m’mafakitale a tiyi.

1. Classification ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi woyera (opanda kufufuzidwa kwambiri, mlingo wa okisijeni pafupifupi 5–10%). Ukadaulo ndi wakale wa tiyi woyera: kuumitsa ndi kuumitsa, popanda “kupha wobiriwira” kapena kupotoza.
Gulu: Gulu lapamwamba kwambiri (特级) la tiyi Bái Mǔdān (白牡丹). Mu mulingo wadziko GB/T 22291-2017 Bái Mǔdān imagawidwa m’magulu anayi: lapamwamba (特级), loyamba (一级), lachiwiri (二级) ndi lachitatu (三级). Mǔdān Wáng ikugwirizana ndi gulu lapamwamba kwambiri — yokhala ndi masamba akulu, onenepa kwambiri ndi zopangira zapamwamba kwambiri. Tiyeni titsimikize: Mǔdān Wáng si mtundu wodziyimira pawokha wa tiyi woyera; ndi dzina la malonda lomwe silikupezeka mu gulu la boma.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Fujian (福建, Fújiàn). Amapangidwa m’madera omwewo monga mitundu ina ya Bái Mǔdān:
- Mzinda wa Fúdǐng (福鼎, Fúdǐng): Malo obadwira a Báiháo Yínzhēn, amodzi mwa malo awiri akulu a kupanga tiyi woyera. Mǔdān Wáng ya ku Fudíng imasiyana ndi kukoma kokoma, “kosalala” ndi mawu owoneka a mkaka ndi zonona. Dera la Tàimǔ Shān (太姥山, Tàimǔ Shān) limapereka zopangira zamtengo wapatali kwambiri.
- Chigawo cha Zhènghé (政和, Zhènghé): Malo achiwiri ofunika kwambiri, omwe tiyi woyera mwamwambo amasiyana ndi “thupi” lolimba komanso mawonekedwe owoneka a maluwa. Mǔdān Wáng ya ku Zhènghé imakhala ndi kukoma kwakuzama, kodzaza ndi tsamba lalikulu.
- Madera ena: Sōngxī (松溪, Sōngxī), Jiànyáng (建阳, Jiànyáng) amapanganso tiyi woyera wa gulu la Bái Mǔdān, kuphatikiza gulu lapamwamba.
Malangizo a malo: Pafupifupi 26°50’–27°30’ kumpoto kwa latitudi, 119°00’–120°10’ kum’mawa kwa longitudi (madera a Fúdǐng – Zhènghé).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Mbiri ya Mǔdān Wáng imalumikizana ndi mbiri ya Bái Mǔdān. Tiyi woyera Bái Mǔdān anayamba kupangidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1900. Amakhulupirira kuti kupangidwa kwake kunachitika m’zaka za m’ma 1920: mu 1922, zopangidwa za Bái Mǔdān zochokera ku Zhènghé zinayamba kutumizidwa kunja ku Hong Kong. M’mbiri, Bái Mǔdān inali yachiwiri mu ulamuliro wa tiyi woyera pambuyo pa Báiháo Yínzhēn ndipo inali yamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha kugwirizana koyenera kwa kukoma kwa tiyi wa masamba ndi kukoma kolemetsa komwe kumabweretsedwa ndi masamba aang’ono. Kulekanitsa “Mǔdān Wáng” monga gulu lapadera la malonda kunachitika pambuyo pake, panthawi ya kugawa bwino kwambiri kwa tiyi woyera ndi msika. Mwalamulo, muyezo GB/T 22291-2017 sugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti “Mǔdān Wáng,” kufotokoza gulu lapamwamba la Bái Mǔdān monga “特级”: háoxīn (毫心, “mtima waubweya”) ndi wochuluka ndi wonenepa, mbali ina ya tsamba ili ndi ubweya wochuluka, fungo ndi lofewa, háoxiāng (毫香) lolondola, kukoma koyera, kotsekemera, chúnshuǎng (醇爽). Komabe, mwambo wamba ndi wamalonda waukhazikitsa mwamphamvu ku gulu ili dzina loti “Wáng” — “Mfumu.”
Dzina:
- “Mǔdān” (牡丹) — peoni ya mtengo (Paeonia suffruticosa), mmodzi mwa maluwa olemekezeka kwambiri mu chikhalidwe cha China. Peoni imayimira chuma (富贵, fùguì), kutukuka ndi ulemu. Ziphuphu za tiyi za Bái Mǔdān zikaphikidwa zimafanana ndi duwa la peoni lotseguka — masamba obiriwira “amakumbatira” mphukira yoyera ngati siliva, ndikupanga mawonekedwe a duwa.
- “Wáng” (王) — mfumu, wolamulira. Chizindikiro ichi chimatsindika udindo wapamwamba wa gulu ili pakati pa Bái Mǔdān yonse. Mofanana ndi “Guānyīn Wáng” (观音王) m’dziko la Tiěguānyīn, “Mǔdān Wáng” ndi chizindikiro cha khalidwe lapamwamba mkati mwa gulu.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Mǔdān Wáng amaganiziridwa kuti ndi tiyi wapamwamba, “mlatho” pakati pa kukoma kosavuta kwa Báiháo Yínzhēn ndi kukoma kochuluka, “kwapadziko lapansi” kwa Bái Mǔdān wamba. Chifukwa cha malo apakati awa, Mǔdān Wáng amakondedwa ndi okonda omwe amafuna kugwirizana: háoxiāng (毫香) (毫香, háoxiāng — “fungo la ubweya”) la masiliva ndi kuwala kwa maluwa a peoni. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tiyi wopereka mphatso — mwa kukongola, ndi imodzi mwa tiyi woyera wokongola kwambiri: mphukira zazikulu zasiliva zokhala ndi “mapiko” awiri obiriwira a masamba.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu / Cultivar: Kupanga Mǔdān Wáng kumagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yomweyi ya masamba akulu monga momwe zilili ndi tiyi wina wapamwamba woyera:
- Fúdǐng Dà Bái Chá (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbáichá): Cultivar yomwe inalembetsedwa mwalamulo mu 1985 ngati “mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wadziko” (国家级良种). Ndi wa Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Chitsamba ndi chotalikira pang’ono, masamba ozungulira, mphukira zazikulu, zonenepa, zokutidwa ndi ubweya wautali ngati siliva. Amaganiziridwa kuti ndi woyenera kwambiri kupanga Báiháo Yínzhēn ndi Mǔdān Wáng.
- Fúdǐng Dà Háo Chá (福鼎大毫茶, Fúdǐng Dàháochá): Amasiyana ndi ubweya wautali kwambiri komanso wochuluka pa mphukira. Amapereka tiyi yokhala ndi háoxiāng (毫香) yodziwika bwino.
- Zhènghé Dà Bái Chá (政和大白茶, Zhènghé Dàbáichá): Cultivar ya ku Zhènghé, yomwe imapereka mphukira zazikulu ndi masamba. Bái Mǔdān wochokera ku mtundu uwu amasiyana ndi kukoma “kwathupi” ndi mtundu wakuda wa tsamba.
- Fú’ān Dà Bái Chá (福安大白茶, Fú’ān Dàbáichá): Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mochepa, komanso amapezeka pakupanga Bái Mǔdān.
Kusonkhanitsa: Kumayambiriro kwa masika, nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa March mpaka kumayambiriro kapena pakati pa April, pambuyo pa kutha kwa kusonkhanitsa zopangira za Báiháo Yínzhēn. Pa Mǔdān Wáng, nthawi yachidule kwambiri imaperekedwa — masiku 2-3 enieni, pamene mphukira yayamba kale kutseguka, koma masamba ake otsagana nawo akadali aang’ono kwambiri, sanakwaniritse kutseguka ndipo amakhalabe atakanidwa mwamphamvu ku mphukira (nthawi ya “旗枪”, “mbendera ndi mkondo”: tsamba limodzi lotseguka — “mbendera”, mphukira yosatseguka — “mkondo”).
Muyeso wa kusonkhanitsa: Mphukira imodzi yonenepa, yayikulu yokhala ndi limodzi, mwa mawiri ang’ono kwambiri, osatseguka kwathunthu masamba apamwamba (一芽一叶初展, yī yá yī yè chū zhǎn — “mphukira imodzi, tsamba limodzi poyambira kutseguka”). Masamba ayenera kukanikizidwa mwamphamvu ku mphukira, osakhala kutali nayo. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi Bái Mǔdān wamba: pa Mǔdān Wáng mphukira ndi yayikulu kwambiri, yonenepa ndi yayitali, ndipo masamba ndi ang’ono komanso opapatiza, zomwe zimachititsa kuti ziwoneke ngati pafupi ndi Báiháo Yínzhēn.
Zofunikira pa zopangira: Zokhwima kwambiri. Ndi zoyambirira kwambiri, zazikulu, zosawonongeka, zokhala ndi kukula kofanana, zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa nyengo yowuma pambuyo pa chisanu chichoke. Kusonkhanitsa — pamanja kokha. Cholakwa chaching’ono (kuthyoka, kuda, kuwonongeka kwa makina) — ndipo mphukira imakanidwa.

4. Dera ndi Makhalidwe a Kukula:

Chigawo cha Fujian: Nyengo ya subtropical monsoon: nyengo yofunda (kutentha kwapakati pa January ndi 8–12°C), yotentha, yamvula m’chilimwe, mvula yambiri (1400–1800 mm pachaka). Malo okhala ndi mapiri ndi otsika amapanga madera ambiri ang’onoang’ono anyengo.
Fúdǐng (福鼎): Dera la m’mphepete mwa nyanja, kutalika kwapakati kwa minda 300–800 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Kuyandikira kwa Taiwan Strait kumapereka chinyezi chambiri komanso chifunga chambiri cha m’nyanja, zomwe zimabalalitsa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Nthaka ndi dothi lofiira la asidi ndi zinthu za m’miyala ya volcano (pH 4,5–5,5). Dera la phiri la Tàimǔ (太姥山, 917 m) ndi malo olemekezeka kwambiri olowera: apa pali kuchuluka kwa mchere m’nthaka, zomwe zimakhudza mchere ndi kukoma kwa tiyi.
Zhènghé (政和): Dera la kontinenti, kutalika kwapakati 400–1000 m. Nyengo ndi yozizira pang’ono, ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa usiku ndi usana, zomwe zimathandizira kukula kwapang’onopang’ono kwa mphukira ndi kusonkhanitsa kwa ma amino acid. Nthaka ndi yellow earth ndi red earth ya asidi. Bái Mǔdān yochokera ku Zhènghé mwamwambo imasiyana ndi “thupi” lolimba komanso mtundu wakuda wa tsamba.
Kutalika kwa kukula: 300–1000 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Kwa Mǔdān Wáng, chinthu chokhala pamwamba chimakhala chofunika: zopangira zokwera (600+ m) nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ma amino acid ambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi kukoma “kosalala,” kotsekemera.

5. Ukadaulo Wopanga:

Ukadaulo wopanga Mǔdān Wáng ndiwofanana ndi wa Bái Mǔdān, koma ndi zofunikira zambiri za chisamaliro pa siteji iliyonse, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kufewa kwapadera komanso kufunika kwa zopangira. Monga tiyi woyera wonse, Mǔdān Wáng imadutsa magawo awiri ofunika kupanga kuphatikiza kusankha komaliza.

Kusonkhanitsa (采摘, cǎizhāi): Kusonkhanitsa pamanja kwa mphukira za muyeso wa “mphukira imodzi, masamba amodzi kapena awiri poyambira kutseguka.” Zimachitika m’maola ammawa, pambuyo pa chisanu chichoke, nyengo yowuma. Zopangira zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa zimatengedwa nthawi yomweyo kupita ku shopu yokonzera m’madengu a nsungwi osapanikizidwa.
Kuuma (萎凋, wěidiāo): Siteji yofunika kwambiri yomwe imatsimikiza khalidwe la tiyi womaliza. Mphukira zatsopano zimayalidwa mu gawo limodzi pa masefa a nsungwi kapena masitene, kupewa kuikidwa kwa masamba pamwamba pa wina. Kuumitsa kumachitika ndi imodzi mwa njira izi:
- Kuumitsa kwachilengedwe (padzuwa kapena mphepo): Masitene amaikidwa panja ndi kuwala kwadzuwa kofalikira. Njirayi imapereka zotsatira “zoyera” kwambiri, zachilengedwe, koma zimadalira nyengo.
- Kuumitsa m’chipinda: M’chipinda cholowera mpweya wabwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nyengo yoyipa.
- Njira yophatikiza: Kuphatikiza kuumitsa kwadzuwa ndi m’chipinda. Utali wake ndi kuyambira 24 mpaka 72 maola. Panthawi yowumitsa, kuchepa kwapang’onopang’ono kwa chinyezi (kuchoka pa 75–78% kufika pa 20–25%), kutuluka pang’ono kwa ma polyphenols, hydrolysis ya mapuloteni kukhala ma amino acid aulere, kugawa pang’ono kwa chlorophyll ndi kupanga zinthu zonunkhira. Zimenezi ndi zomwe zimapanga kukoma kokoma kwa tiyi woyera, mawu a maluwa ndi fungo lofewa la ubweya (毫香). Kwa Mǔdān Wáng, n’kofunika kuti zopangira zofewa zisaumitsidwe kapena “kuwotchedwa” — kuumitsa kumachitidwa m’malo ofewa kwambiri kuposa Bái Mǔdān wamba.
Kuumitsa (干燥, gānzào): Kuumitsa komaliza pa kutentha kochepa (40–55°C) kufikira chinyezi chotsalira 4–6%. Kuumitsa m’ng’anjo (烘干, hōnggān) kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m’makabati apadera kapena kuumitsa kwachikhalidwe kwadzuwa. Kwa Mǔdān Wáng, kuumitsa kwapang’onopang’ono, mwachisamaliro, komwe kumasunga kukhulupirika kwa mphukira zazikulu ndi ubweya wawo.
Kusankha ndi kusankhula (拣剔, jiǎntī / 分级, fēnjí): Pa siteji yosankha, kuchokera pagulu lonse la Bái Mǔdān, mphukira zomwe zimagwirizana ndi muyeso wa gulu lapamwamba (特级) zimasankhidwa: zazikulu kwambiri, zonenepa kwambiri zokhala ndi masamba okanikizidwa mwamphamvu, zopanda cholakwa, zokhala ndi ubweya wochuluka kwambiri. Ndizo mphukira zosankhidwa zomwe zimalembedwa kuti “Mǔdān Wáng.” Zina zonse zimagawidwa m’magulu oyamba, achiwiri ndi achitatu.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Mphukira zazikulu, zonenepa — mphukira yoyera ngati siliva, yokutidwa mwamphamvu ndi ubweya wautali, wosalala, yokhala ndi limodzi kapena awiri ang’onoang’ono, okanikizidwa mwamphamvu kwa iyo. Mawonekedwe onse amafanana ndi duwa losatseguka. Mtundu — wobiriwira ngati siliva: mphukira zoyera ngati siliva, masamba otuwa-obiriwira okhala ndi madontho obiriwira kwambiri kapena ofiira (zizindikiro zochepa za oxidation). Poyerekeza ndi Bái Mǔdān wamba wa gulu loyamba, pa Mǔdān Wáng mphukira ndi zazikulu kwambiri, masamba ndi ang’ono komanso opapatiza, ndipo gawo la ubweya ndi lapamwamba.
Fungo la tsamba louma: Lamphamvu, latsopano, lokoma. Háoxiāng (毫香, fungo la ubweya) limalamulira: lofewa, la mkaka-kukoma, la uchi pang’ono. Mofatsa, pali mawu a maluwa (peoni, jasmine, lily of the valley) ndi mawu owoneka a zipatso (pichesi woyera, vwende).
Fungo la madzi: Lowala, lokhala ndi zigawo zambiri: patsogolo — háoxiāng (毫香) yodziwika bwino ndi mawu a maluwa (peoni), kenako — uchi, zipatso (pichesi, vwende, peyala) ndi mawu owoneka a mkaka. Fungo la chivundikiro cha gàiwǎn pambuyo potsanula (盖香, gàixiāng) — lamphamvu, la maluwa-uchi, limakhala nthawi yayitali.
Kukoma: Kokwanira, kodzaza, koma kofewa ndi “kosalala.” Kutsekemera kwakukulu (回甘, huígān) ndi zotsatira zotsitsimula. Kukoma pang’ono kosangalatsa — kochepa, kosakakamiza. Kukoma kumene kumatsalira — kwakutali, “kukumbatira,” ndi mawu a maluwa ndi uchi. Mu gulu la zonunkhira, zotsatirazi ndizofala: mawu a mkaka (kuchokera ku ubweya), mawonekedwe a “peoni” a maluwa, mawu a pichesi woyera ndi vwende. Poyerekeza ndi Báiháo Yínzhēn, Mǔdān Wáng imakhala ndi kukoma “kokwanira” kwambiri chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa masamba; poyerekeza ndi Bái Mǔdān wamba — imakhala “yofewa” komanso “yosalala.”
Mtundu wa madzi: Wachikasu-chowala ndi mawonekedwe pang’ono agolide, wowonekera, woyera, wowala mofewa. Ndi wopepuka pang’ono kuposa Bái Mǔdān wamba.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa): Mphukira zazikulu, zathunthu, zolimba zomwe zasunga mawonekedwe a duwa — mphukira yasiliva ndi masamba amodzi kapena awiri obiriwira. Mphukira zokutidwa ndi ubweya wasiliva. Mtundu — kuchokera wobiriwira wowala mpaka imvi-wobiriwira. Tsamba lophikidwa la Mǔdān Wáng ndi limodzi mwazomwe zili zokongola kwambiri pakati pa tiyi woyera padziko lonse.

7. Zopangidwa Zopangidwa:

Zopangidwa za Mǔdān Wáng zimakhala pakati pa Báiháo Yínzhēn (ma amino acid ochuluka kwambiri, caffeine yochuluka kwambiri) ndi Bái Mǔdān wamba (ma polyphenols ochuluka chifukwa cha masamba okhwima).

Polyphenols (catechins): Kuchuluka kwa zonse — 20–26% ya kulemera kowuma. Ma catechins ofunika kwambiri — EGCG, ECG, EGC, EC. Kuchuluka kwa polyphenols ndi kochepa pang’ono kuposa mu Bái Mǔdān wa gulu wamba (chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphukira kuposa masamba), koma kuposa mu Báiháo Yínzhēn yokhala ndi mphukira zokha.
Ma Amino acid: Kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid aulere — pafupifupi 6–9% ya kulemera kowuma (malinga ndi kafukufuku wa mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya tiyi woyera yochitidwa ndi Huang Yun). L-theanine ndi amino acid yofunika kwambiri (pafupifupi 70% ya chiwerengero chonse), yomwe imapangitsa kukoma kokoma komanso kufewa kwa “umami” kwa kukoma.
Alkaloids: Caffeine — pafupifupi 3,5–5,5% (kuchuluka kwa caffeine kumalumikizana ndi kufewa kwa zopangira: mphukira ikadali yaying’ono, imakhala ndi caffeine yambiri). Theobromine ndi theophylline — pang’ono.
Flavonoids: Tiyi woyera amasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma flavonoids — 8,5–13 mg/g. Chofunika kwambiri ndi dihydromyricetin — chitetezo cha chiwindi chachilengedwe, chomwe chimadziwika makamaka ndi tiyi woyera.
Ma pigment a tiyi: Theaflavins — 0,03–0,11%, thearubigins — 0,73–2,48% (milozo yotsika, yodziwika ndi tiyi wosadulitsidwa kwambiri).
Mavitamini: C (amasungidwa bwino kuposa mu tiyi wobiriwira, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kutentha kwakukulu), B₁, B₂, PP, carotenoids.
Mchere: Potaziyamu, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, zinc, fluoride, manganese, chitsulo. Mbiri ya mchere imadalira dera.
Mafuta ofunika ndi mankhwala onunkhira: Linalool, geraniol, β-ionone, cis-jasmone — amapanga fungo la maluwa ndi zipatso. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ubweya, Mǔdān Wáng imakhala ndi háoxiāng (毫香) yodziwika bwino, yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zosakhazikika zomwe zimadziwika ndi ubweya woyera.

8. Ubwino wa Zaumoyo:

Chitetezo champhamvu cha antioxidant: Kuchuluka kwa EGCG ndi ma catechins ena kumapangitsa kukhala ndi mphamvu yowononga ma free radicals. Tiyi woyera amawonetsa imodzi mwazinthu zapamwamba kwambiri za antioxidant pakati pa mitundu yonse ya tiyi.
Kutsitsimula ndi kumasula: Kuchuluka kwa L-theanine kumayambitsa kupanga kwa mafunde a ubongo a α, ndikupanga mkhalidwe wabata, woganizira. Theanine imachepetsanso mphamvu ya caffeine, ndikupereka mphamvu yofewa popanda “kukwiya.”
Kuteteza chiwindi: Dihydromyricetin, flavonoid yodziwika ndi tiyi woyera, imateteza chiwindi, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mowa ndikufulumizitsa kukonzanso kwa ma hepatocyte.
Kuthandizira dongosolo la mtima: Ma polyphenols ndi ma flavonoids a tiyi woyera amathandizira kukhazikika kwa mulingo wa cholesterol, kukonza kusinthasintha kwa mitsempha ndi kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Kulimbikitsa chitetezo: Chigawo cha polyphenols, vitamini C ndi ma amino acid kumalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Kafukufuku amatsimikizira mphamvu zolimbana ndi mabakiteriya ndi ma virus a tiyi woyera.
Kutumikira mofewa ndi kukonza ntchito za ubongo: Caffeine pamodzi ndi L-theanine imalimbikitsa kusonkhanitsa, liwiro la kuchitapo kanthu ndi kukumbukira kwa ntchito — popanda “kulumpha ndi kugwa” kwa mphamvu komwe kumachitika ndi khofi.
Kukonza khungu: Ma antioxidants a tiyi woyera amateteza khungu ku kukalamba ndi kuwala, kukonza kusinthasintha ndi mphamvu yake. Mankhwala achikhalidwe achi China amalimbikitsa tiyi woyera “kuti azizizire kutentha kwamkati” ndi kukongoletsa nkhope.
Chisamaliro cha mkamwa: Fluoride ndi ma catechins a tiyi woyera amasonyeza khalidwe loletsa mabakiteriya, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mano owola ndi matenda a chiseyeye.

9. Kuphikira:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–90°C. Osaphika ndi madzi otentha kwambiri — kutentha kwakukulu kudzawotcha mphukira zofewa, kuwononga ubweya ndikuwonetsa kuwawa. Kufunika — 85°C kuti atulutse kutsekemera ndi háoxiāng (毫香) mokwanira.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 5–7 magalamu pa 100–150 ml ya madzi (njira ya gongfu). Kwa ketulo yayikulu: 3–4 magalamu pa 200–300 ml.
Ziwiya: Gàiwǎn yoyera ya porcelain (盖碗) — ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri: makoma owala amalola kuyamikira mtundu wa madzi mokwanira, ndipo chivundikiro — kusonkhanitsa ndi kuyamikira fungo (盖香). Ketulo ya galasi ndi yoyenera kusangalala mwaulemu — kuwonera “kuvina” kwa mphukira zasiliva m’madzi. Ketulo ya Yixing siyikulimbikitsidwa pa Mǔdān Wáng wachinyamata: dothi lotsekemera limatha kubisa fungo lofewa.
Ntchito:
1. Tenthetsani gàiwǎn kapena ketulo ndi madzi otentha, kutsani madzi.
2. Ikani tiyi wouma mu chidebe chotenthetsedwa. Yamikirani fungo la tsamba louma lotenthedwa (háoxiāng (毫香) youma).
3. Thirani madzi a 80–85°C, tsitsani nthawi yomweyo (kuwatsuka, 润茶). Uku kutenthedwa kumadzutsa tsamba.
4. Kusefukira kwachiwiri — lowani kwa masekondi 10–15 (njira ya gongfu).
5. Tsanulirani madzi m’makapu.
6. Bwerezani kuphikira maulendo 5–7, kumawonjezera pang’onopang’ono nthawi yowiritsa masekondi 5–10. Kusefukira koyamba 3–4 ndi kowala kwambiri komanso konunkhira.

10. Kusunga:

Kusunga kwakanthawi kochepa (kufikira chaka chimodzi): Pamalo ouma, ozizira, osawala, phukusi losindikizidwa, kutali ndi fungo lachilendo. Kutentha — 15–25°C, chinyezi — osapitirira 60%. Kuti asunge kutsitsimula kwakukulu ndi fungo la Mǔdān Wáng wachinyamata, amatha kusungidwa mufiriji (0–5°C) m’thumba lotsekedwa bwino ndi wosanjikiza wa zojambulazo.
Kusunga kwanthawi yayitali: Monga tiyi woyera wonse, Mǔdān Wáng akhoza kusungidwa ndi kuyenda bwino ndi ukalamba, ngakhale kuthekera kwake kwa kusintha ndi kochepa pang’ono kuposa la Gòng Méi (贡眉) kapena Shòu Méi (寿眉) (chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphukira kuposa masamba okhwima). Mikhalidwe: kutentha 18–28°C, chinyezi 40–65%, kusowa kwa kuwala kwadzuwa ndi fungo lachilendo. Chidebe — phukusi la magawo atatu (foil + pepala la kraft + makatoni) kapena ziwiya za ceramic.
Adani a tiyi: Chinyezi chochuluka, kuwala kwadzuwa, fungo lachilendo, kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha.

11. Mtengo ndi Zowonjezera:

Mǔdān Wáng ndi tiyi wapamwamba komanso wokwera mtengo. Mtengo wake nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera kuwirikiza 1,5–3 kuposa Bái Mǔdān wamba wa gulu loyamba ndipo umayerekezera ndi mtengo wotsika wa Báiháo Yínzhēn. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mtengo: dera (Fúdǐng Tàimǔ Shān — ndiyopamwamba), cultivar, kutalika kwa kukula, chaka cha kusonkhanitsa ndi mbiri ya wopanga. Mtengo woyerekezera: kuyambira 500 mpaka 2000+ yuan pa 500 g kutengera khalidwe.

Momwe mungapewere zowonjezera:

Chiopsezo chachikulu — kusinthanitsa gulu: Ogulitsa osakhulupirika amanena Bái Mǔdān wamba wa gulu loyamba kapena lachiwiri kuti ndi Mǔdān Wáng. Chisonyezo chowoneka ndi ichi: pa Mǔdān Wáng weniweni, mphukira ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa masamba, masamba amakanikizidwa mwamphamvu kwa iyo ndipo sanatseguke kwathunthu. Ngati masamba ndi otambalala, otseguka ndipo ndi aatali kwambiri kuposa mphukira — muli ndi Bái Mǔdān wamba, osati “Wáng.”
Yang’anani ubweya: Mǔdān Wáng weniweni ayenera kukhala wokutidwa ndi ubweya wautali, woyera ngati siliva, makamaka pa mphukira. Ubweya wakuda, wochepa, waufupi ndi chizindikiro cha gulu lotsika.
Yamikirani fungo: Háoxiāng (毫香) yodziwika bwino (fungo la ubweya la mkaka) ndi mawu a maluwa ndi zofunikira. Kusowa kwa háoxiāng (毫香) ndi chizindikiro chowopsa.
Yang’anani madzi: Mtundu — wachikasu-chowala, wagolide, wowonekera ndi woyera. Kukoma — kosalala, kotsekemera, ndi kukoma pang’ono. Kukoma kowawa, kokakamira kumasonyeza gulu lotsika.
Chenjerani ndi mitengo yotsika mokayikitsa: Ngati Mǔdān Wáng akuperekedwa pamtengo wa Bái Mǔdān wamba — pafupifupi nkutero kusinthanitsa gulu.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

Mǔdān Wáng amawoneka pafupi kwambiri ndi Báiháo Yínzhēn moti ogulitsa ena osakhulupirika “amatulutsa singano” (抽针, chōu zhēn) — amang’amba masamba ang’onoang’ono kuchokera ku mphukira za Mǔdān Wáng ndikugulitsa mphukira “zopanda kanthu” monga Báiháo Yínzhēn pamtengo wokwera kwambiri. Okonda odziwa amazindikira chowonjezera choterocho ndi singano zopapatiza kwambiri ndi zazifupi.
M’chiyankhulo chofala cha tiyi cha ku Fujian, kuwonjezera pa “牡丹王,” mawu akuti “高级白牡丹” (Gāojí Bái Mǔdān — “Bái Mǔdān wapamwamba”) amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kutanthauza gulu lapamwamba la Bái Mǔdān. Ogulitsa ena amachisiya ngati kagawo kena pakati pa Mǔdān Wáng ndi gulu loyamba wamba, ngakhale mgulu la dziko palibe kagawidwe koteroko.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa) la Mǔdān Wáng ndi limodzi mwazithunzi zokongola kwambiri za “zosakhala zamoyo” m’dziko la tiyi: mphukira zoyera ngati siliva, zozunguliridwa ndi masamba obiriwira ofewa, zimafanana ndi maluwa ang’onoang’ono akuyandama m’kapu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ziwiya zomveka bwino zimalimbikitsidwa kwa omwe akukumana ndi tiyi uyu koyamba.
Nthawi yochepa yosonkhanitsa zopangira za Mǔdān Wáng ndi masiku 2-3 enieni, pakati pa kutha kwa kusonkhanitsa Báiháo Yínzhēn ndi kuyamba kwa kusonkhanitsa Bái Mǔdān wamba. Masika amvula akhoza “kutseka” kwathunthu nthawiyi, ndikupangitsa Mǔdān Wáng wa chaka chimenecho kukhala wosowa kwambiri.
Peoni (牡丹, mǔdān) mu chikhalidwe cha China ndi “mfumu ya maluwa” (花王, huā wáng). Motero, dzina lakuti “牡丹王” liri ndi mawu obwerezabwereza — “Mfumu ya mfumu ya maluwa,” zomwe zimangotsindika ulemu ndi udindo wapamwamba umene amaupereka ku tiyi uwu.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina Woyera:

Báiháo Yínzhēn (白毫银针, Báiháo Yínzhēn): Gulu lapamwamba la tiyi woyera. Ndi mphukira zokha, popanda masamba. Háoxiāng (毫香) imawonetsedwa mokwanira, kukoma ndi kofewa kopambana, “kosalala,” la mkaka. Poyerekeza ndi Mǔdān Wáng — kukoma “kokwanira” kochepa (kusowa kwa masamba kumachepetsa “thupi” la madzi), koma kosalala komanso “kopanda mpweya.” Mtengo ndi wokwera kuwirikiza 1,5–3.
Bái Mǔdān, gulu loyamba (白牡丹一级): Bái Mǔdān wamba — mphukira imodzi, masamba awiri. Masamba ndi otseguka kwambiri, mphukira ndi yonenepa pang’ono. Kukoma — “kokwanira” kwambiri ndi la maluwa kuposa Mǔdān Wáng, koma “kosalala” kochepa. Háoxiāng (毫香) imawonetsedwa mochepa. Mtengo ndi wotsika kwambiri.
Gòng Méi (贡眉, Gòngméi): Gawo lachitatu la ulamuliro wa tiyi woyera. Mphukira imodzi, masamba awiri kapena atatu, zopangira zokhwima. Kukoma — kolimba, kodzaza, ndi mawu audzu ndi uchi. Khalidwe losiyana kotheratu: “lapadziko lapansi” ndi “lofunda” poyerekeza ndi “lopanda mpweya” ndi “lamaluwa” la Mǔdān Wáng. Mtengo ndi wotsika kuwirikiza 2–5.
Shòu Méi (寿眉, Shòuméi): Gulu “lolimba” kwambiri — masamba okhwima, mphukira zochepa. Kukoma kolimba kopambana, “kwathupi” pakati pa tiyi woyera. Chosiyana kotheratu ndi “kupanda mpweya” kwa Mǔdān Wáng.

Pomaliza:

Mǔdān Wáng ndi ngale m’gulu la tiyi woyera, nthawi yomwe malo “apakati” amakhala osowa, koma phindu lalikulu. Poyimirira pafupi pakati pa chiyero chosavuta cha masiliva ndi kukwanira kwamaluwa kwa Bái Mǔdān wamba, “Mfumu ya Peoni” imapereka kugwirizana kwapadera: kukoma kofewa ngati silika ndi háoxiāng (毫香) ya tiyi wamphukira, zomwe zimalemeretsedwa ndi “mpweya” wamaluwa wamphukira zomwe zangotseguka. Mphukira zazikulu zasiliva, zofanana ndi maluwa a peoni, zimapereka madzi amtundu wagolide okhala ndi fungo momwe mkaka, maluwa ndi uchi zimalukana — ndi kukoma komwe sikutha kudabwitsa ndi mphamvu yake komanso ulemu kuyambira kusefukira koyamba mpaka komaliza.