Mphepo Yoyera ya Jasmine · new.thetea.app

Mphepo Yoyera ya Jasmine ndi chizindikiro cha sukulu ya tiyi wa jasmine ya ku Sichuan, tiyi yomwe ndakatulo imakhazikitsidwa mu dzina lenilenilo: “Chipale Chofewa Choyandama” — masamba oyera a jasmine akuzungulira pakati pa masamba obiriwira kwambiri, monga chipale chofewa choyamba pamwamba pa dziwe lobiriwira. Mosiyana ndi ambiri a tiyi wa jasmine wamba, kumene maluwa onse ogwiritsidwa ntchito amachotsedwa pambuyo pa kuyeretsedwa, mu Piao Sue masamba ouma a jasmine amasiyidwa mwadala mu mankhwala omaliza, kusandutsa kumwa tiyi kukhala chiwonetsero chowoneka. Tiyi uyu ndi woimira wamphamvu wa kalembedwe ka “fēi xuě” (飘雪, piāo xuě — “chipale chofewa chouluka”) ka Sichuan, kumene kununkhira kwa tiyi kumaposa kwa maluwa, ndipo madzi ake amakhala ndi makhalidwe ake a kukhuthala ndi kusalala kotsitsimula.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi yokongoletsedwa (花茶, huāchá) yochokera ku tiyi wobiriwira (wosafufumitsidwa), wokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa a jasmine. Chikhalidwe chapadera — kupezeka kwa masamba ouma a jasmine mu mankhwala omaliza.
Gulu: Tiyi zapamwamba zokongoletsedwa za ku China. Woimira sukulu ya tiyi wa jasmine ya ku Sichuan (四川茉莉花茶, Sìchuān mòlìhuāchá), yomwe imasiyana ndi ya ku Fujian chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya tiyi ya ku Sichuan ndi luso la chǎoqīng (炒青, chǎoqīng — kukhazikika mwa kuwotcha).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Sichuan (四川, Sìchuān). Piao Sue yapamwamba kwambiri imapangidwa m’mbali mwa phiri la Emeishan (峨眉山, Éméishān) — limodzi mwa mapiri anayi opatulika a Chibuda ku China — ndi m’boma la Jiajiang (夹江, Jiājiāng). Maziko a tiyi amachokera ku minda ya pamapiri a Emeishan, Mengdingshan (蒙顶山, Méngdǐngshān) ndi madera a kumwera kwa Sichuan. Jasmine yogwiritsidwa ntchito mwamwambo imabzalidwa m’boma la Qianwei (犍为, Qiánwéi) ku Sichuan, ngakhale pakupanga kwamakono amagwiritsidwanso ntchito jasmine yochokera ku Guangxi (横县, Héngxiàn).
Malo a Jiografi: Dera la Emeishan — pafupifupi 29°35′ N, 103°20′ E. Jiajiang — 29°44′ N, 103°34′ E. Mengdingshan — 30°04′ N, 103°12′ E.
Maina Ena: Jasmine “Chipale Chofewa Choyandama”, Jasmine Snow Flurry (Chingerezi). Dzina loti “飘雪” (Piao Sue) lakhala lodziwika bwino kwa gulu lonse la tiyi wa jasmine wa ku Sichuan: pali “Bìtán Piāo Xuě” (碧潭飘雪, Bìtán Piāo Xuě — “Chipale Chofewa Choyandama Pamwamba pa Dziwe Lobiriwira”), “Línhú Piāo Xuě” (林湖飘雪), “Édǐng Piāo Xuě” (峨顶飘雪) ndi mitundu ina. “Bìtán Piāo Xuě” ndi chizindikiro cha malonda chodziwika kwambiri, chopangidwa ndi katswiri Xu Jinhua (徐金华, Xú Jīnhuá) m’zaka za m’ma 1980 ndipo kenako anaperekedwa ku kampani ya “Zhúyèqīng” (竹叶青, Zhúyèqīng).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Mwambo wokongoletsa tiyi ndi jasmine ku Sichuan uli ndi mizu yakuya, ngakhale kuti m’mbiri unali wochepa poyerekeza ndi wa sukulu ya ku Fujian. Sichuan ndi limodzi mwa zigawo zakale kwambiri zolima tiyi ku China: m’mabuku a “Huáyáng Guózhì” (华阳国志, Huáyáng Guózhì), olembedwa m’nthawi ya Jin (zaka za zana la 4 AD), akuti m’dera la Nan’an (Lèshān lamakono, 乐山) ndi Emeishan amapanga tiyi wotchuka. Komabe, “Piao Sue” monga mtundu wodziyimira pawokha wa tiyi wa jasmine unakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20. Munthu wofunika kwambiri ndi katswiri wa tiyi Xu Jinhua (徐金华, Xú Jīnhuá), wobadwira ku boma la Xinjin (新津, Xīnjīn) m’chigawo cha Sichuan, amene m’zaka za m’ma 1980, pogwiritsa ntchito maluso akale a m’nthawi ya Ming (kuphatikizapo njira ya “lángyuán” ya Xu Wei (徐渭) ndi miyambo ya “tiyi wa Ming” ya katswiri Min Wenshui (闵汶水)), anapanga “Bìtán Piāo Xuě” — tiyi wa jasmine wochokera ku mphukira za masika za Emeishan ndi masamba a jasmine osungidwa. Mu 1993, pamsonkhano wa Bungwe Lokhazikika la Bungwe la Tiyi la Sichuan, tiyi uyu unaperekedwa mwalamulo ndipo anatchedwa “Bìtán Piāo Xuě.” Mu 1995, iwo anayesedwa ndi Komiti Yokhazikitsa Miyezo ya Tiyi ya Sichuan, yomwe inatsimikizira kuti ali ndi khalidwe lapamwamba kwambiri la tiyi wapadera wa jasmine. Pambuyo pake, mu 2008, chizindikirocho chinaperekedwa ku kampani ya “Zhúyèqīng” (竹叶青茶业), yomwe inakonza njira zopangira. Xu Jinhua ankamulemekeza pomutcha “Xú Gōng” (徐公, Xú Gōng — “Bambo Xu”), ndipo tiyi wake “Xú Gōng Chá” (徐公茶, Xú Gōng Chá — “Tiyi wa Bambo Xu”).
Dzina:
- “Mòlì” (茉莉, Mòlì) — jasmine.
- “Piāo” (飘, Piāo) — kuyandama, kuyenda mumlengalenga, kuzungulira.
- “Xuě” (雪, Xuě) — chipale chofewa.
- Tanthauzo lonse la fanizo: masamba oyera kwambiri a jasmine ozungulira ndi kuyandama m’madzi, monga timbandi ta chipale chofewa. Dzinali limachokera mu ndakatulo ya wojambula Deng Daikun (邓岱昆, Dèng Dàikūn), amene analemba akrostic polemekeza tiyi wa Xu Jinhua: “碧岭拾毛尖，潭底汲清泉，飘飘何所似，雪梅散人间” — “Kuchokera ku nsonga zobiriwira ndimatola máo jiān, / Kuchokera pansi pa dziwe ndimatunga kasupe woyera, / Kodi kuyandama kumeneku kumafanana ndi chiyani? / Maluwa a maula a chipale chofewa amabalalika padziko lapansi.” Zilembo zoyambirira za mzere uliwonse zimapanga “碧潭飘雪” (Bìtán Piāo Xuě).
- Kumasulira kwa “Bìtán Piāo Xuě” monga momwe mlembi wake anafotokozera: “碧” (bì) — mtundu wa tiyi; “潭” (tán) — chikho (monga dziwe); “飘” (piāo) — masamba oyandama otulutsa fungo; “雪” (xuě) — jasmine yoyera kwambiri.
Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe: Piao Sue yakhala chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe cha tiyi cha Sichuan ndi chinthu chonyadira dera lino. Sichuan ndi kwawo kwa nyumba ya tiyi (茶馆, cháguǎn), ndipo tiyi wa jasmine wa kalembedwe ka “piāo xuě” mwamwambo amagwirizanitsidwa ndi moyo wosafuna kuthamanga wa Chengdu (成都, Chéngdū), kumene nyumba za tiyi zidakali malo apakati a moyo wa anthu. Wolemba ndakatulo ndi wojambula Huang Chunyao (黄纯尧, Huáng Chúnyáo), atamwa tiyi wa Xu Jinhua, anamulembera ndakatulo, nkumutcha “mphatso yakumwamba yochokera ku mphukira zoyambirira za masika.”

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Zopangira Tiyi (maziko a tiyi, 茶坯, chápī): Piao Sue amagwiritsa ntchito mphukira zofewa za masika ndi masamba ang’onoang’ono otengedwa ku mitundu ya tiyi ya ku Sichuan ya Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Mitundu yofunika — Fúxuǎn Zǎo (福选早), mitundu yochokera ku madera a Emeishan, Mengdingshan ndi kumwera kwa Sichuan (Yibin, 宜宾). Maziko a tiyi amakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya chǎoqīng (炒青, chǎoqīng — kukhazikika mwa kuwotcha mu poto), zomwe zimasiyanitsa Piao Sue ya Sichuan ndi tiyi wa jasmine wa ku Fujian wokhala ndi maziko a hōngqīng (烘青). Maziko owotcha amapereka tiyi khalidwe lodziwika bwino la “tiyi,” kukhuthala kwa thupi ndi kukometsetsa kodziwika, komwe kumayenderana ndi kutsekemera kwa jasmine.
Mulingo wa Kutola: Mphukira imodzi ndi masamba ang’onoang’ono amodzi kapena awiri (一芽一二叶, yī yá yī èr yè). Amagwiritsa ntchito zokolola za masika basi (pamaso pa Qīngmíng, 清明) kapena koyambirira kwa masika (明前, míngqián). Minda ya Emeishan pa mtunda wa 600–1500 m imapereka mphukira zofewa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuyamba kwa kukula msanga mu ‘chophimba chamtambo’ (华西雨屏, Huáxī Yǔpíng — nyengo ya kumadzulo kwa Sichuan ndi chifunga chosalekeza ndi mame).
Jasmine: Maluwa atsopano a Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. otengedwa m’chilimwe (伏季, fújì). Jasmine ya mwambo ya Sichuan imachokera ku boma la Qianwei (犍为), ngakhale pakupanga kwakukulu kwamakono amagwiritsa ntchito jasmine yochokera ku Guangxi (横县). Maluwa amatengedwa masana, pamene akuyamba kutseguka.
Zofunikira pa Zopangira: Mphukira za tiyi — zowongoka, zolunjika, ndi nsonga zoyera zooneka bwino (白毫, báiháo), zopanda kuvulala. Malamulo oyambirira a Xu Jinhua anafuna chiŵerengero cha “5 cati (2.5 kg) a maluwa pa 1 cati (0.5 kg) ya maziko a tiyi” kuti akwaniritse kununkhira kwakuya.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Emeishan, chigawo cha Sichuan: Phiri la Emeishan (峨眉山, Éméishān) ndi limodzi mwa mapiri anayi opatulika a Chibuda ku China, malo a Choloŵa cha Dziko Lonse cha UNESCO (chachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe). Lili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa chigwa cha Sichuan, m’malo osinthira kuchokera ku chigwa kupita ku phiri la Tibet. Nsongayo yayikulu Wanfoding (万佛顶, Wànfódǐng) — 3099 m. Minda ya tiyi ili pa mtunda wa 600–1500 m. Nyengo ndi ya chinyezi chambiri, yodziwika ndi chochitika cha “Chophimba cha Mtambo kumadzulo kwa Sichuan” (华西雨屏): mvula yambiri (1500–2000 mm pachaka), chifunga chosalekeza, kuunika kwanthawi yayitali kofalikira, nyengo yozizira yofewa. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka — 17°C. Nthaka — nthaka ya phiri ya chikasu ndi ya bulauni ya acidic, yodzaza ndi organic matter. Mikhalidwe imeneyi ndi yabwino kuti pakhale mphukira zofewa zokhala ndi amino acid yambiri ndi katekini wocheperako, zomwe zimapereka kukoma kotsekemera, kofewa kwa maziko a tiyi.
Mengdingshan, dera la Ya’an: Phiri la tiyi la mbiri yakale, lotamandidwa mu ndakatulo yodziwika: “Madzi a Yangtze, tiyi wa pa nsonga ya Meng” (扬子江中水，蒙山顶上茶). Kutalika kwake 1000–1400 m, nyengo yofanana.
Jiajiang: Boma m’chigawo cha Leshan (乐山), lomwe lili kumwera kwa Emeishan. Dera lachikhalidwe lopangira maziko a tiyi wobiriwira a Piao Sue.
Qianwei (jasmine): Boma m’chigawo cha Leshan, komwe kumalimidwa jasmine ya ku Sichuan. Nyengo yotentha, nthaka yachonde ya m’mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Minjiang (岷江).

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Kupanga Mphepo Yoyera ya Jasmine kumaphatikiza luso la Sichuan la kukonza maziko a tiyi (chǎoqīng — kukhazikika mwa kuwotcha) ndi kuyeretsedwa kwa jasmine kangapo komanso kusunga masamba a jasmine mu tiyi yomaliza.

Kukonza Masamba a Tiyi (kupanga maziko a tiyi):
1. Kutola (采摘, cǎizhāi): Kutola pamanja mphukira zofewa za masika ndi masamba amodzi kapena awiri.
2. Kufoza (摊凉, tānliáng): Kuyala pa nsengwa za nsungwi kwa maola 4–6.
3. Kukhazikika kwa Obiriwira mwa Kuwotcha (炒青杀青, chǎoqīng shāqīng): Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi luso la ku Fujian. Masamba amawotchedwa m’poto yotentha pa kutentha kwa 200–250°C. Kukhazikika kwa kuwotcha kumapereka maziko a tiyi fungo lodziwika bwino la “zowotcha,” kukhuthala ndi kakomedwe ka khalidwe, zomwe zimasiyanitsa tiyi wa jasmine wa Sichuan ndi wa ku Fujian.
4. Kuzizira (晾凉, liàngliáng).
5. Kupiringa (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kupiringa pang’ono, kosakhwimitsa kwambiri — masamba amatenga mawonekedwe a “malirime” ataliatali kapena “milomo ya mbuluzi” (鹊嘴, quèzuǐ), monga momwe Xu Jinhua anafotokozera.
6. Kuumitsa (干燥, gānzào): Kuumitsa komaliza kufika pa chinyezi choyenera kuti pambuyo pake akongoletsedwe.
Kukongoletsa ndi Jasmine — kuyeretsedwa (窨制, xūnzhì):
1. Kukonza Maluwa (伺花, sìhuā): Njira yodziwika — kuwongolera kutseguka kwa maluwa.
2. Kuyala Mosanjikiza (分层窨花, fēncéng xūnhuā): Chikhalidwe chapadera cha luso la Piao Sue. M’makontena apadera kapena pa nsengwa za nsungwi, tiyi ndi maluwa a jasmine otseguka amayalidwa mosanjikizana: wosanjikiza wa tiyi — wosanjikiza wa maluwa — wosanjikiza wa tiyi — wosanjikiza wa maluwa. Kuyala mosanjikiza kumeneku kumatsimikizira kugawidwa kofanana kwa fungo ndi kupereka tiyi womalizidwa chithunzi chooneka ngati “kugwa kwa chipale chofewa.”
3. Kuyeretsa Moima (静置窨花, jìngzhì xūnhuā): Maola 6–8 pa kuzungulira kulikonse.
4. Kulowera Mpweya (通花, tōnghuā): Ngati kuli kofunikira.
5. Kuchotsa Maluwa (起花, qǐhuā) — pang’ono: Mosiyana ndi luso la ku Fujian, kumene maluwa onse amachotsedwa, pakupanga Piao Sue ena mwa maluwawo amasiyidwa mwadala mu tiyi. Mchitidwewu ndi wofunika kwambiri pa kalembedwe ka “piāo xuě.”
6. Kuyeretsa Kangapo: Nthawi zambiri 4–6 kuzungulira kwa mankhwala ochuluka, 6–9 kwa apamwamba (m’njira yoyambirira ya Xu Jinhua — “kuyeretsa naini ndi kukweza kumodzi,” 九窨一提, jiǔ xūn yī tí, ndi kuzungulira kwa masiku 45). Mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri “Lùndào” (论道 — “Njira ya Kukambirana,” mzere wapamwamba wa “Zhúyèqīng”) umafika pa kuyeretsa 9.
7. Kukweza Fungo (提花, tíhuā): Kumaliza kuwonjezera maluwa atsopano, omwe pambuyo pa kuyeretsa kwaufupi amakhala mu tiyi, kupereka fungo “lamoyo” lapamwamba ndi chojambula chowoneka.
8. Kuumitsa Komaliza: Kuumitsa mosamala kufika pa chinyezi cha 6–8%, pamene masamba a jasmine amasunga kuyera ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Kusanja (分级, fēnjí): Tiyi womalizidwa amasanjidwa malinga ndi khalidwe la masamba, kuchuluka ndi mkhalidwe wa masamba a jasmine, kugawidwa kofanana kwa kusakaniza.

6. Makhalidwe a Ziwalo:

Maonekedwe a Masamba Owuma: Masamba a tiyi ataliatali, opiringizidwa pang’ono obiriwira kwambiri okhala ndi nsonga zoyera zooneka bwino, pakati pawo pali masamba ouma oyera kapena pang’ono otuwa a jasmine aoneka bwino. Kusiyana kwenikweni pakati pa masamba obiriwira ndi masamba oyera ndiko kumapanga “chithunzi cha chipale chofewa” chodziwika bwino. Masamba ndi osweka, opanda zidutswa ndi fumbi.
Fungo la Masamba Owuma: Lamphamvu, ndi chiyambi chodziwika bwino cha jasmine ndi maziko a tiyi wobiriwira wowotcha — “magawo awiri” odziwika a fungo, pomwe cholemba cha maluwa sichiphimba cha tiyi.
Fungo la Madzi: Jasmine wodzaza, wowonjezedwa ndi mafungo a masamba atsopano, chifuwa chofewa (kuchokera ku maziko owotcha) ndi kutsekemera kwa uchi. Fungo ndi lokhalitsa, koma lochepako “lamoyo” (鲜灵) poyerekeza ndi tiyi wa jasmine wa ku Fujian wapamwamba kwambiri, — izi zimalipidwa ndi kuya ndi kamvekedwe “kotentha” kowotcha.
Kakomedwe: Kothithithana, kotsitsimula, ndi kapangidwe kabwino ndi khalidwe la “tiyi” lodziwika bwino kuposa Mòlì Huā Chá wa ku Fujian. Thupi lapakati mpaka lathunthu. Kutsekemera kwachilengedwe, koma koletsedwa, koyenderana ndi kukometsetsa pang’ono ndi kutsitsimuka kodziwika. Kukoma kwakumbuyo (回甘, huígān) — koyera, ndi mafungo a jasmine ndi kutsekemera kofewa. Kalembedwe ka Sichuan: “茶香比花香重” (cháxiāng bǐ huāxiāng zhòng — “fungo la tiyi ndi lamphamvu kuposa la maluwa”).
Mtundu wa Madzi: Wachikasu-wobiriwira, wowonekera, wonyezimira. Wolemera pang’ono kuposa tiyi wa jasmine wa ku Fujian, chifukwa cha maziko owotcha.
Pansi pa Tiyi (masamba ophikidwa): Masamba ndi mphukira zobiriwira zofewa zotambasuka pamodzi ndi masamba a jasmine anyowa, omwe ataya fungo koma asunga mawonekedwe. Akaphikidwa mu galasi lowonekera, masamba a tiyi amamira pansi, pomwe masamba a jasmine amayandama mkati mwa madzi ndi pamwamba — chizindikiro chodziwika chowoneka cha Piao Sue.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:

Polyphenols (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Catechins — EGCG, EC, EGC, ECG. Kuchuluka kwake — 18–28% ya kulemera kowuma. Kukhazikika kwa kuwotcha kumachepetsa pang’ono kuchuluka kwa makatekini osakhazikika poyerekeza ndi maziko a hōngqīng, koma kumapanga mbiri ya fungo lovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha zochita za Maillard ndi karamelization.
Amino Acids (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): L-theanine — 1.5–2.5% ya kulemera kowuma. Zopangira za pamapiri za Emeishan, zomwe zimakula m’malo obisika ndi chifunga, zimakhala ndi amino acid yambiri — mpaka 484 mg/100 g, monga momwe zatsimikizidwira ndi kafukufuku wa zopangira tiyi za ku Sichuan.
Alkaloids: Caffeine — 2–4% (30–50 mg pa chikho cha 150 ml). Theobromine ndi theophylline — pang’ono.
Mafuta Ofunika a Jasmine: Gulu lodziwika la mankhwala onunkhira, komabe kafukufuku awonetsa kuti mu tiyi wa jasmine wa Sichuan, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala “obiriwira” (青草气) — monga (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-octen-3-ol, pentanal ndi hexanal — ndi kokwera kuposa ku Fujian ndi Guangxi. Izi zimapatsa Piao Sue ya Sichuan khalidwe latsopano, “lobiriwira” la fungo, pomwe tiyi wa jasmine wa ku Guangxi ali ndi zigawo zambiri za maluwa (benzyl benzoate, cis-jasmone, geraniol, α-farnesene).
Mavitamini: C, B₁, B₂, E, P (rutin).
Minerals: Potaziyamu, magnesiamu, fluoride, zinc, manganese.

8. Zopindulitsa:

Kuchita Antioxidant: Makatekini ndi polyphenols a maziko obiriwira amapereka mphamvu yowonetsetsa ya antioxidant, kuteteza maselo ku ma free radicals ndi kuchedwetsa kukalamba kwa okosijeni.
Mphamvu Yolimbitsa ndi Yolimbikitsa: Kuphatikiza kwa caffeine ndi L-theanine kumapereka mphamvu yofewa, yokhazikika ndi kukhazikika kwa maganizo, popanda kuda nkhawa. Maziko a chǎoqīng amapereka mphamvu yolimbitsa yoonekera pang’ono poyerekeza ndi tiyi ya hōngqīng.
Kuchita Kosatsutsana ndi Kupweteka: Linalool ndi zigawo zina za mafuta a jasmine zimachepetsa nkhawa, kukweza khalidwe, ndi kulimbikitsa kupumula.
Kuthandiza Kugayitsa Chakudya: Ma polyphenols ndi ma terpenoids amalimbikitsa ma enzymes othandizira kugayitsa chakudya, kuchepetsa kugayitsa chakudya chamafuta ndi cholemetsa. Pophika ku Sichuan, tiyi wa jasmine mwamwambo amakhala wothandizana ndi zakudya zokometsera.
Dongosolo la Mtima ndi Mitsempha: Kumwa tiyi wobiriwira nthawi zonse kumathandiza kuchepetsa LDL-cholesterol ndi kusunga kusinthasintha kwa mitsempha.
Kuchita Antibacterial: Zigawo za mafuta a jasmine zili ndi mphamvu yotsimikizika yolimbana ndi tizilombo.
Mphamvu Yotsitsimula ndi Yothetsa Ludzu: Chakumwa chabwino kwambiri cha m’chilimwe, makamaka m’njira yophika m’madzi ozizira.
Kuthandiza Metabolism: Makatekini a tiyi wobiriwira amalimbikitsa pang’ono thermogenesis ndi kagayidwe ka mafuta.

9. Kuphika:

Kutentha kwa Madzi: 80–85°C. Osagwiritsa ntchito madzi owira — amawononga mankhwala onunkhira ndi kuyambitsa kukometsetsa mopitirira muyeso.
Kuchuluka kwa Tiyi: 3–5 g pa 150–200 ml a madzi. Mukamaphika m’njira ya gongfu — 5–6 g pa gaiwan ya 100–120 ml.
Chotengera: Galasi lowonekera — chimakhala chofunika kwambiri pa Piao Sue: makoma owonekera amalola kuwona “chithunzi cha chipale chofewa” chodziwika bwino — masamba oyera oyandama pamwamba pa masamba a tiyi obiriwira. Komanso gaiwan (盖碗) la porcelain yoyera ndi loyenera. Xu Jinhua mwiniwake anavomereza gaiwan, akutsindika kuti chivundikiro chimasonkhanitsa fungo.
Njirayi:
1. Tenthetsani galasi lowonekera kapena gaiwan ndi madzi owira, tsitsani madzi.
2. Ikani tiyi mu chotengera.
3. Tsanulirani madzi a 80–85°C ndikutsanulira nthawi yomweyo — kutsuka mwachangu (润茶, rùnchá).
4. Kutulutsa koyamba: tsanulirani madzi, siyani kwa mphindi 2–3. Onani “kugwa kwa chipale chofewa” — masamba a jasmine amayandama pamwamba, masamba a tiyi amamira pansi, kupanga chithunzi cha magawo awiri.
5. Gawanani madziwo mu makapu.
6. Kuphikanso kowonjezera: 3–5 kutulutsa ndikuwonjezera mphindi 30–60 sekondi. Maziko a chǎoqīng amapereka khalidwe la kakomedwe kokhalitsa pa kutulutsa kangapo.
Kuphika M’madzi Ozizira: 3–5 g pa 500 ml a madzi ozizira, maola 6–8 m’firiji. Mawonekedwe ake amakhala osangalatsa makamaka mu botolo lowonekera — masamba oyera amayandama pakati pa masamba obiriwira.

10. Kusunga:

Mikhalidwe: Malo owuma, ozizira, amdima, kutali ndi fungo lachilendo.
Chotengera: Chotengera chosindikizika chosawonekera — chitini chachitsulo, thumba la zojambulazo.
Kutentha: Firiji (0–5°C) mu chotengera chosindikizika. Musanatsegule, bweretsani ku kutentha kwa chipinda.
Nthawi Yosunga: Miyezi 12–18. Fungo la jasmine limachepa pakapita nthawi; masamba ouma a jasmine omwe ali mkati samawonjezera, koma amangokumbutsa za kutsitsimuka, choncho tiyi ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa miyezi 6–12 itapangidwa.
Adani a Tiyi: Chinyezi, kuunika, kutentha kwakukulu, fungo lachilendo.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Gulu la Mtengo: Piao Sue ndi tiyi yokhala ndi mitengo yosiyanasiyana, kuchokera pa wotsika mtengo watsiku ndi tsiku mpaka wapamwamba. Mulingo woyambirira (kuyeretsa 3–4, maziko okhazikika) — 100–300 yuan/500 g. Mulingo wapakati (kuyeretsa 5–6, maziko a Emeishan) — 400–1000 yuan/500 g. Mulingo wapamwamba (chizindikiro cha “Bìtán Piāo Xuě,” mzere wa “Lùndào,” kuyeretsa 9) — 2000–5000 yuan/500 g ndi kupitirira apo. Zinthu zazikulu za mtengo: chiyambi cha maziko a tiyi (Emeishan vs minda ya m’chigwa), kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa, chizindikiro (Zhúyèqīng, Línhú ndi zina).
Momwe Mungapewere Zonyenga:
- Maonekedwe: Masamba a tiyi — osweka, ataliatali, ndi nsonga zoyera. Masamba a jasmine — oyera, osweka, osaphwanyidwa. Chiŵerengero cha tiyi ndi masamba — chogwirizana, osadzaza maluwa (kuchuluka kwa masamba nthawi zambiri kumaphimba khalidwe lotsika la maziko).
- Fungo: Lachilengedwe, la magawo awiri: cholemba cha tiyi + cholemba cha maluwa. Kununkhira kochita kupanga kumadziwika ndi fungo lachangu, la mbali imodzi, “lonunkhira bwino,” lomwe limachoka msanga.
- Kakomedwe: Kothithithana, kotsitsimula, ndi “kutiya” komveka. Ngati kakomedwe kamakhala kopanda kanthu ndi kwamadzi, ngakhale pali masamba ochuluka, — ichi ndi chizindikiro cha khalidwe lotsika la maziko.
- Chiyambi: Piao Sue yeni-yeni ndi mankhwala a ku Sichuan. “Piao Sue” yochokera kumadera ena ingakhale yabwino, koma si yoimira yeniyeni ya kalembedwe kameneka.
- Mtengo: Pansi pa 80 yuan/500 g ndi zonena za “kuyeretsa kangapo” — ndi chifukwa chokaikira.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

Njira yoyambirira ya Xu Jinhua inkafuna chiŵerengero cha 5:1 — ma cati asanu (2.5 kg) a maluwa atsopano a jasmine pa cati imodzi (0.5 kg) ya maziko a tiyi. Pakuyeretsa kasanu ndi kawiri, kuchuluka kwa jasmine pa 500 g ya tiyi womalizidwa kunkafika 12–15 kg ya maluwa atsopano.
Emeishan ndi limodzi mwa mapiri akale kwambiri a tiyi ku China, okhala ndi mbiri yolima tiyi yopitirira zaka 3000. Wolemba ndakatulo Lu You (陆游) m’nthawi ya Southern Song anasilira kuti: “Mphukira za chipale chofewa zapafupi ndi Emei ndizopezedwa — sizichepera thumba lofiira la tiyi wa Gùzhǔ-Chūn” (雪芽近自峨眉得，不减红囊顾渚春).
M’nyumba za tiyi ku Sichuan (茶馆), tiyi wa jasmine wa kalembedwe ka “piāo xuě” amaperekedwa m’magaiwan a porcelain okhala ndi zivundikiro — chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe cha tiyi cha Chengdu. Gaiwan imalola kuti fungo lisungike pansi pa chivundikiro ndikuchotsa chivundikirocho mwaulemu kuti amwe.
Dzina loti “piāo xuě” (飘雪 — “chipale chofewa choyandama”) lakhala lofanana ndi gulu lonse la tiyi wa jasmine wa Sichuan ndi masamba osungidwa: “Línhú Piāo Xuě,” “Édǐng Piāo Xuě,” “Yù Xīn Piāo Xuě” ndi ena onse amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yoti “muwone tiyi ndi maluwa onse” (见茶见花), yotsutsana ndi ya ku Fujian yoti “muwone tiyi — osawona maluwa” (见茶不见花).

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina wa Jasmine:

Mòlì Huā Chá wa ku Fujian (福建茉莉花茶): Amakhazikitsidwa pa maziko a hōngqīng (烘青 — kuumitsa ndi mpweya wotentha), pamene Piao Sue amakhazikitsidwa pa chǎoqīng (炒青 — kuwotcha). Tiyi ya ku Fujian ndi “yamaluwa” kwambiri, ndi jasmine wamphamvu ndi “kutsekemera kwa ayezi” kodziwika (冰糖甜). Piao Sue ndi “watiyi” kwambiri, wothithithana, ndi kutsitsimula kokometsetsa ndi khalidwe la maziko loonekera. Za ku Fujian — zopanda masamba (见茶不见花), Piao Sue — ndi masamba (见茶见花).
Mòlì Lóngzhū (茉莉龙珠, Mòlì Lóngzhū): “Ngale ya Chinkhoswe” — tiyi wa jasmine wa ku Fujian wokhala ngati tinthu tozungulira. Amasiyana ndi mawonekedwe (tinthu vs kumwazikana ndi masamba), maziko (hōngqīng vs chǎoqīng), kusowa kwa masamba ooneka. Lóngzhū ndi wotsekemera kwambiri ndi “wozungulira,” Piao Sue ndi wokhazikika komanso watsopano.
Mòlì Nǚ’ér Huán (茉莉女儿环, Mòlì Nǚ’ér Huán): “Mphete za Namwali” — tiyi wa jasmine wojambula pamanja wooneka ngati mphete. Amagwirizana ndi Piao Sue pokhala m’gulu la “tiyi zaluso,” koma amasiyana kwambiri mawonekedwe ndi luso. Nǚ’ér Huán — wopanda masamba ooneka, ndi wovuta kwambiri pakupanga.
Mòlì Yínzhēn (茉莉银针, Mòlì Yínzhēn): “Zingano Zasiliva” — tiyi wa jasmine wapamwamba kwambiri wopangidwa ndi mphukira zoyera. Wochulukira, wosakhalitsa, wokoma mosamalitsa. Mbali yotsutsana ya kalembedwe: kuchepa ndi kuyera vs kukongola kowoneka kwa Piao Sue.
Jasmine Huángshān Máofēng: Ngati Piao Sue akupezeka m’mitundu yochokera kumadera ena, amagwiritsa ntchito maziko ena a tiyi, koma mfundo ya “kusunga masamba” imakhalabe. Zotsatira zake zimasiyana kwambiri ndi kukoma kwa choyambirira cha Sichuan.

Pomaliza:

Mphepo Yoyera ya Jasmine ndi tiyi yomwe imafotokoza mbiri ya chiyambi chake mu chikho chilichonse. Mmenemo muli kuya kwa tiyi wobiriwira wa Sichuan, wolimidwa mu chifunga cha mapiri opatulika a Emei, kuwolowa manja kwa jasmine wachilimwe ndi kawonedwe ka ndakatulo ka katswiri yemwe anaganiza zosiya masamba oyera mu tiyi kuti asandutse kuphika kulikonse kukhala kawonetsedwe kakang’ono. “Chipale Chofewa Choyandama” sichimangokhala chakumwa, koma kuitanira kuti muchepetse liwiro ndikuwona kukongola m’zinthu zosavuta: pakusiyana pakati pa zobiriwira ndi zoyera, pakuvina kwa masamba pamwamba pa madzi, mu fungo lomwe nthawi imodzi limalimbikitsa ndi kukhazika mtendere. Tiyi uyu ndi wabwino kwa iwo amene amayamikira osati kukoma kokha, komanso ndakatulo yowoneka ya kumwa tiyi, komanso kwa iwo amene akufuna kudziŵa njira ina ya Sichuan kwa tiyi wa jasmine wa ku Fujian wa chikhalidwe.