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Moli Nyueri Hwani
Mòlì nǚ'ér huán · 茉莉女儿环
Moli Nyueri Hwani ndi imodzi mwa tiyi wa jasmine wosowa kwambiri komanso wokongola mwaluso ku China, momwe masamba a tiyi amapangidwa ndi manja kukhala mphete zowoneka bwino ngati ndolo zazing'ono.
Moli Nyueri Hwani ndi imodzi mwa tiyi wa jasmine wosowa kwambiri komanso wokongola mwaluso ku China, momwe masamba a tiyi amapangidwa ndi manja kukhala mphete zowoneka bwino ngati ndolo zazing’ono. Tiyi uyu ali m’gulu la tiyi waluso (工艺花茶, gōngyì huāchá), kumene maonekedwe ake amakwezedwa kukhala luso, ndipo njira yophikira imasanduka kulingalira mwachidwi pakutseguka kwa mphete zosalimba m’madzi otentha. Kupanga kwanthawi yaitali ndi manja, kuchuluka kochepa kwa zokolola, ndi kukongola kwake kwakukulu kumapangitsa Nyueri Hwani kukhala ngale yeniyeni pakati pa tiyi wa jasmine.
1. Kugawa ndi Chiyambi:
- Mtundu: Tiyi wokongoletsedwa ndi fungo (花茶, huāchá) wochokera ku tiyi wobiriwira (wosafufumitsidwa), wokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa a jasmine. Ali m’gulu laling’ono la tiyi waluso (工艺, gōngyì) ndi wapadera (特型, tèxíng) wa jasmine chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake apadera a mphete.
- Gulu: Tiyi wapamwamba kwambiri wokongoletsedwa ndi fungo ku China. Malinga ndi kagawidwe ka maonekedwe a masamba a tiyi, amagawidwa mu “mtundu wa mphete yozungulira” (圆环形, yuánhuánxíng) — umodzi mwa mitundu isanu ndi itatu yodziwika bwino ya maonekedwe a tiyi wa jasmine.
- Chiyambi: China. Madera akuluakulu opangira ndi Province ya Yunnan (云南, Yúnnán), komwe amagwiritsa ntchito masamba apamtunda wamtunda wa mtundu wa Mengku (勐库种, Měngkù zhǒng), komanso Province ya Fujian (福建, Fújiàn) ndi Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (广西, Guǎngxī). Mitundu ya ku Yunnan imalemekezedwa kwambiri chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zokolola zapamwamba zochokera m’minda yomwe ili pa utali wa 1700–1800 m.
- Ma Coordinate a Geographical: Dera la Mengku (Yunnan) — pafupifupi 23°38′ N, 99°45′ E. Fuzhou (Fujian) — pafupifupi 26°05′ N, 119°18′ E.
- Mayina Ena: Jinyu Huan (金玉环, Jīnyù Huán — “Mphete ya Golide ya Jade”), Nyueri Huan (女儿环, Nǚ’ér Huán — popanda mawu oti “Moli,” kutsindika maonekedwe), Jasmine Maiden’s Rings (Chingerezi).
2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:
- Mbiri: Mwambo wopatsa tiyi fungo la jasmine unayambira m’nthawi ya Mzera wa Song (宋朝, Sòng cháo, 960–1279), ndipo luso la kuloŵetsa fungo (窨制, xūnzhì) linakhazikika m’nthawi ya Mzera wa Ming (明朝, Míng cháo, 1368–1644). Kupanga tiyi wooneka ngati mphete ndi njira yatsopano kwambiri, yokhudzana ndi chitukuko cha tiyi waluso (工艺花茶) m’zaka makumi angapo zapitazi za zaka za zana la 20, pamene akatswiri ankafuna kupanga tiyi wophatikiza kukoma kwabwino ndi kukongola kowoneka bwino. Tsiku lenileni la kuwonekera kwa Nyueri Hwani silinalembedwe, koma tiyi uyu amagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi sukulu ya ku Yunnan ya luso la tiyi lopangidwa ndi manja, kumene miyambo yopanga tiyi wooneka bwino ndi yolimba kwambiri.
- Dzina:
- “Moli” (茉莉, Mòlì) — jasmine. Ikuwonetsa kuti wakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa a Jasminum sambac.
- “Nyueri” (女儿, Nǚ’ér) — mwana wamkazi, mtsikana.
- “Hwani” (环, Huán) — mphete, kombe.
- Dzina lonse lakuti “Mphete za Mtsikana za Jasmine” limafotokoza maonekedwe a masamba a tiyi, ofanana ndi ndolo zokongola kapena mphete zomwe atsikana amavala. Chithunzi cha chodzikongoletsera cha mtsikana chimapatsa tiyi kugwirizana ndi unyamata, kukongola, ndi ukhwima.
- Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe: Nyueri Hwani kwenikweni ndi tiyi wopereka mphatso ndi wokongoletsa mwambo wa tiyi. Amasankhidwa pamene wina akufuna kudabwitsa mnzake osati ndi kukoma kokha, komanso ndi chiwonetsero: mphete zomwe zimatseguka pang’onopang’ono mu kapu yowonekera, zimapanga zithunzi ngati anthu akuvina pansi pa madzi. Malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha tiyi cha ku China, amayimira ubwino wa ntchito yamanja (手工, shǒugōng) ndipo ali m’gulu la “tiyi wopenyerera” (观赏茶, guānshǎng chá).
3. Kufotokoza kwa Botanical ndi Zokolola:
- Zokolola za Tiyi (msingi wa tiyi, 茶坯, chápī): Popanga amagwiritsa ntchito masamba a m’chisanu osalimba kwambiri ndi masamba ang’onoang’ono a mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri. Mitundu ya ku Yunnan imachokera ku mtundu wa Mengku (勐库种, Měngkù zhǒng) — mtundu wa masamba akuluakulu a Camellia sinensis var. assamica, omwe amamera pa utali wa 1700–1800 m. Mtundu uwu umadziwika ndi masamba akuluakulu, onyowa okhala ndi ubweya woyera wochuluka. Mitundu ya ku Fujian imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya masamba aang’ono a Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, monga Fuding Da Bai Cha (福鼎大白茶) kapena Fuding Da Hao Cha (福鼎大毫茶).
- Mulingo wa Kukolola: Kamphumi kako ka masamba kamodzi kapena kamphumi kako ka masamba kamodzi ndi katsamba kakang’ono kamodzi (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè). Zokolola za m’chisanu zokha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito — masamba oyambirira a chisanu pamaso pa chikondwerero cha Qingming (清明, Qīngmíng).
- Jasmine: Maluwa atsopano a Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. — jasmine wamba, otengedwa mu nyengo ya “fuji” (伏季, fújì) — mkati mwa chilimwe (July–August). Popanga Nyueri Hwani wa mtundu wapamwamba, amagwiritsa ntchito masamba osankhidwa bwino: akuluakulu, oyera kwambiri, osawonongeka, ndi fungo labwino kwambiri.
- Zofunikira pa Zokolola: Zofunikira kwambiri — kupanga mphete zachidzaza kumafuna masamba ndi masamba aatali, osambuka, osawonongeka. Vuto lililonse lazokolola limapangitsa kuti kupanga mphete yolingana kusakhale kotheka.
4. Terroir ndi Mbali za Kulima:
- Yunnan, Dera la Mengku: Lili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Province, mu County ya Shuangjiang (双江, Shuāngjiāng), yomwe ili m’chigawo cha Lincang (临沧, Líncāng). Minda ya m’mapiri pa utali wa 1700–1800 m ili m’dera la nyengo ya mvula ya subtropiki yokhala ndi kusiyana kwa nyengo molingana ndi kutalika. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka ndi 16–18°C, mvula yambiri (1200–1500 mm), ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala chifunga. Nthaka ndi yamchere ya pamapiri yofiira, yodzaza ndi organic matter. Mengku ndi amodzi mwa madera akale kwambiri opangira tiyi ku Yunnan omwe ali ndi miyambo yakale kwambiri yolima mitengo yamitundu ikuluikulu ya tiyi.
- Fujian, Dera la Fuzhou: Nyengo ya mvula ya subtropiki, nthaka zosungunuka za kumunsi kwa mtsinje wa Minjiang (闽江). Minda ya tiyi — 200–800 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Jasmine amalimidwa m’zigwa za mchenga zosungunuka m’mbali mwa mitsinje — mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri ya Jasminum sambac.
- Guangxi, Dera la Hengxian (横县, Héngxiàn): Dera lalikulu kwambiri ku China lolima jasmine. Nyengo ya subtropiki, kutentha 21–23°C, chinyezi chambiri. Jasmine wa ku Hengxian amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa fungo tiyi wochokera m’zigawo zosiyanasiyana.
5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:
Kupanga Moli Nyueri Hwani ndi imodzi mwa njira zolemetsa kwambiri pantchito yopanga tiyi. Vuto lalikulu ndi kupanga ndi manja mphete zosalimba, zomwe zimafuna luso lapadera ndi kuleza mtima.
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Kukonza Masamba a Tiyi (kupanga msingi wa tiyi):
- Kukolola (采摘, cǎizhāi): Kutola ndi manja masamba osalimba a m’chisanu a kamphumi kako ka masamba kamodzi ndi katsamba kakang’ono kamodzi.
- Kufowoketsa (摊凉, tānliáng): Kuyala mosanjikiza pang’onopang’ono kwa maola 3–5 kuti atayire madzi pang’ono ndi kufewetsa minyewa ya masamba.
- Kutseka Zobiriwira (杀青, shāqīng): Kukonza mwachangu ndi kutentha kwakukulu kuti ma enzyme othandiza kusanduka asagwire ntchito. M’miyambo ya ku Yunnan, kugwiritsa ntchito nthunzi (蒸气杀青, zhēngqì shāqīng) kungagwiritsidwe ntchito, zomwe zimapatsa zokolola zosalimba njira yofewa.
- Kuziziritsa (晾凉, liàngliáng): Kuziziritsa mwachangu ndi mphepo.
- Kukulunga Koyamba (揉捻, róuniǎn): Masamba amapatsidwa maonekedwe aatali, kuwakonzekeretsa kuti apangidwe kukhala mphete.
- Kupanga Mphete (成环, chénghuán): Gawo lofunika kwambiri komanso lovuta kwambiri, lochitidwa ndi manja okha. Katswiri amatenga masamba 2–3 okonzedwa ndi kamphumi kako ka masamba ndipo amawapinda mosamala kukhala mphete, kumangiriza malekezero ake pamodzi ndi kukanikiza pang’onopang’ono. Mphete zimakhala zosanjikiza kamodzi (单环, dānhuán) ndi ziwiri (双环, shuānghuán) — ziwiri ndizovuta kwambiri kupanga. Mphete iliyonse iyenera kukhala yolingana, yotsekedwa, ndi yosasweka pa kukonza kotsatira. Njirayi imafuna zaka zambiri za chidziwitso ndi kulondola kwenikweni.
- Kuyanika (干燥, gānzào): Mphete zopangidwa zimayanitsidwa mosamala mpaka chinyezi 4–5%, kukonzekera gawo la kupatsa fungo.
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Kupatsa Fungo la Jasmine — Kuloŵetsa (窨制, xūnzhì):
- Kukonza Maluwa (伺花, sìhuā): Masamba a jasmine, otengedwa masana, amagwedezeka kuti atseguke mofanana.
- Kusakaniza (茶花拌合, cháhuā bànhé): Mphete zimasakanizidwa mosamala ndi maluwa otseguka. Chifukwa chakuti maonekedwe ake ndi osalimba, njirayi imafuna kusamala kwambiri — mphete zimasanduka mosavuta ngati zagwiridwa mwamphamvu.
- Kuloŵetsa Kokhazikika (静置窨花, jìngzhì xūnhuā): Chisakanizocho chimasungidwa kwa maola 10–14, pomwe mphete za tiyi zimatenga mankhwala onunkhira a jasmine.
- Kupumitsa Mpweya (通花, tōnghuā): Kuwunika kutentha kwa chisakanizo ndikuchotsa ngati chatentha kwambiri.
- Kulekanitsa Maluwa (起花, qǐhuā): Kulekanitsa mosamala maluwa ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphete.
- Kuyanika Kwapakati (复火, fùhuǒ): Kuchotsa chinyezi chomwe chaloŵa.
- Kuloŵetsa Mobwerezabwereza: Njirayi imabwerezedwa maulendo 5–7 pogwiritsa ntchito maluwa atsopano. Kuchuluka kwa kuloŵetsa kumakhala ndi malire chifukwa cha kusalimba kwa maonekedwe: gawo lililonse lowonjezera limawonjezera chiopsezo chosweka kwa mphete.
- Kukweza Fungo (提花, tíhuā): Kuonjezera komaliza maluwa atsopano kuti apereke “moyo” ku fungo lapamwamba.
- Kuyanika Komaliza: Mpaka chinyezi 6–7%.
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Kusanja (分级, fēnjí): Mphete zimasankhidwa malinga ndi kukula, kukhala wathunthu, ndi maonekedwe. Mphete zolakwika (zosanduka, zotseguka) zimachotsedwa.
6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:
- Maonekedwe a Masamba Owuma: Mphete zaudongo za m’mimba mwake 15–25 mm, zolingana, zozungulira, zotsekedwa. Mphete zosanjikiza kamodzi ndi ziwiri zikupezeka. Mtundu ndi wobiriwira wofewa wokhala ndi kuwala kwasiliva kochokera ku ubweya woyera wa nsonga. Pamwamba pake ndi pausalala, “poyera ngati chipale chofewa” (雪亮顺滑, xuěliàng shùnhuá). Kukula kwa mphete ndi kofanana pafupifupi, iliyonse ndi yolimba ndi yozungulira.
- Fungo la Masamba Owuma: Fungo lowala, loyera la jasmine, losakanikirana ndi zobiriwira zatsopano za msingi wa tiyi. Fungo ndi lachilengedwe, lopanda mankhwala ochita kupanga.
- Fungo la Mphika: Lochuluka, lopiringizana, lokoma ngati maluwa, lokhala ndi fungo lalikulu la jasmine ndi kamvekedwe katsopano ka zomera. Fungo ndi “lamoyo” (鲜灵, xiānlíng), losakhala lathyathyathya.
- Kukoma: Kofewa, kosalimba, kotsitsimula, ndi kutsekemera kwachilengedwe. Thupi ndi lopepuka mpaka lapakati (mitundu ya ku Yunnan — yodzaza kwambiri). Kugwirizana kwa tiyi wobiriwira ndi jasmine — kuli kogwirizana, palibe chigawo chomwe chimalamulira. Kununkhira kwotsalira ndi kwakutali, kotsekemera ngati maluwa, ndi kuwawa kochepa. Kuwawa kulibe.
- Mtundu wa Mphika: Wotumbululuka wachikasu kapena wagolide wowala, wowonekera, woyera. Tiyi wochokera ku masamba a kamphumi kako ka masamba amapereka mphika wowala kwambiri.
- Pansi pa Tiyi (masamba ophikidwa): Masamba ndi masamba otseguka obiriwira kapena obiriwira achikasu. Chochititsa chidwi, mphete zimatha kusunga pang’ono maonekedwe ake a mphete ngakhale pambuyo pa kuŵirikiza kangapo, zomwe zikuwonetsa luso la kupanga.
7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:
Kapangidwe ka mankhwala a Moli Nyueri Hwani ndi kofanana ndi tiyi wina wapamwamba wa jasmine wochokera ku msingi wobiriwira poganizira mbali za mtundu weniweni wa zokolola:
- Polyphenols (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Catechins — EGCG (epigallocatechin-3-gallate), EC (epicatechin), EGC (epigallocatechin), ECG (epicatechin-3-gallate). Chiŵerengero chonse cha polyphenols — 15–25% ya kulemera kowuma. Mitundu ya ku Yunnan ya mtundu wa assamica ikhoza kukhala ndi mlingo wochuluka wa catechins.
- Amino Acids (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): L-theanine — 1–2% ya kulemera kowuma. Zokolola za pamwamba za ku Mengku, zomwe zakulidwa m’malo okhala ndi mthunzi wa chifunga, zimadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid, zomwe zimapatsa tiyi kutsekemera kowonekera ndi kukoma kwakuya.
- Alkaloids: Caffeine — 2–4% ya kulemera kowuma (25–45 mg pa kapu ya 150 ml). Kuchuluka kwa caffeine ndi kochepa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito masamba osalimba.
- Mafuta Ofunika a Jasmine: Gulu la mankhwala amtundu wopitilira 100, kuphatikiza linalool (芳樟醇), benzyl acetate (乙酸苄酯), methyl benzoate (苯甲酸甲酯), benzyl alcohol (苯甲醇), indole (吲哚), methyl salicylate (水杨酸甲酯), α-farnesene — onsewa amapanga fungo lodziwika bwino la jasmine “lamoyo.”
- Mavitamini: Ascorbic acid (C), mavitamini a gulu B (B₁, B₂), vitamini E, vitamini P (rutin).
- Mchere: Potaziyamu, magnesium, fluoride, zinki, manganese, seleniamu (mu mitundu ya ku Yunnan — kuchuluka kwa zinki ndi seleniamu chifukwa cha nthaka za m’mapiri).
8. Ubwino Wachipatala:
- Kuchita kwa Antioxidant: Kuchuluka kwa EGCG ndi ma catechins ena kumapereka kuthetseratu kwa ma free radicals, kuteteza nembanemba za ma cell ndi DNA ku kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni.
- Kupepuka Kogwira Mtima: Kuphatikiza kwa L-theanine ndi caffeine kumatulutsa mkhalidwe wa “kukhala tcheru mwabata” — kuganiza bwino kopanda nkhawa ndi kukwiya kwa mitsempha.
- Kuchotsa Nkhawa ndi Kupumula: Mafuta ofunika a jasmine, makamaka linalool, ali ndi umboni wotsimikizika wochepetsera nkhawa, amachepetsa mlingo wa cortisol, amathandizira kugona bwino.
- Kuthandiza Chimbudzi: Polyphenols ndi mafuta onunkhira amalimbikitsa kutuluka kwa madzi a chimbudzi, amathandizira kugaya chakudya, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yochepetsera kupanikizika pang’ono.
- Dongosolo la Mtima ndi Mitsempha: Ma Catechins amathandizira kuchepetsa mlingo wa LDL-cholesterol, amathandizira kukhathamira kwa mitsempha, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yochepetsera kuthamanga kwa magazi pang’ono.
- Mphamvu Yopha Tizilombo: Zigawo za mafuta a jasmine zimasonyeza mphamvu yoletsa tizilombo, makamaka pa mabakiteriya a m’kamwa.
- Kulimbitsa Chitetezo cha M’thupi: Vitamini C, ma catechins ndi zinki zimathandizira kuyankha kwa chitetezo cha m’thupi chosakhala chodziwika.
- Kotsitsimula: Chakumwa chabwino kwambiri chothetsa ludzu mu nyengo yotentha, makamaka m’njira yophikira ndi madzi ozizira.
9. Kuphika:
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Kutentha kwa Madzi: 75–85°C. Osatero ndi madzi owiritsa — amawononga maonekedwe osalimba a mphete ndi kuwononga mankhwala onunkhira odekha.
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Kuchuluka kwa Tiyi: 3–4 g (mphete 2–4 malinga ndi kukula) pa 150–200 ml a madzi. Pophika ndi njira ya gongfu — 4–5 g pa gaiwan ya 100–120 ml.
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Chotengera: Kapu yagalasi kapena ketulo — ndi yofunika kwambiri, popeza ubwino waukulu wa Nyueri Hwani ndi kukongola kowoneka kwa mphete zomwe zikutseguka. Gaiwan yoyera ya porcelain (盖碗, gàiwǎn) nayo ndi yoyenera. Dongo la Yixing siloyenera (limatenga fungo).
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Ndondomeko:
- Tenthetsani kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan ndi madzi owiritsa, tsani madziwo.
- Ikani mosamala mphete mu chotengera — musaponye, koma ikani, kuti musawononge maonekedwe.
- Tsanulani madzi a 75–85°C ndi mkondo wofewa (osaloza mkondowo molunjika pa mphete). Kuphika koyamba kumatha kutsanulidwa pambuyo pa masekondi 5–10 (kutsuka), koma kwa Nyueri Hwani izi sizofunikira — mphete zimatseguka pang’onopang’ono ndipo sizimayamba kutulutsa fungo nthawi yomweyo.
- Kutsanulira koyamba: londolerani kwa mphindi 2–3. Yang’anani kutseguka kwa mphete pang’onopang’ono — iyi ndi mphindi yamtengo wapatali kwambiri pa kukongola.
- Tsanulani mphika m’makapu.
- Kuphikanso mobwerezabwereza: 3–5 kutsanulira ndikuwonjezera nthawi ndi masekondi 30–60. Mphete zimatseguka pang’onopang’ono, ndipo kutsanulira kulikonse kumawulula mbali zatsopano za kukoma.
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Kuphika ndi Madzi Ozizira: 3–4 g pa 500 ml a madzi ozizira, maola 6–8 m’firiji. Zotsatira zosakhwima, zotsekemera mwaluso.
10. Kusunga:
- Mikhalidwe: Malo owuma, ozizira, amdima, otetezedwa kwathunthu ku fungo lina, chinyezi, ndi kuwala.
- Chotengera: Chidebe chosadutsa kuwala — chidebe chachitsulo kapena cha dothi, thumba la zojambulazo wokhala ndi zip-lock. Kusamala kwambiri posunga: mphete ndi zosalimba ndipo zimasanduka mosavuta akapanikizidwa, choncho musapanikize tiyi m’chidebe.
- Kutentha: Chabwino kwambiri — m’firiji (0–5°C) m’chotengera chotsekedwa bwino. Musanatsegule, bweretsani ku kutentha kwachipinda.
- Nthawi Yosungira: Miyezi 12 ngati yasungidwa bwino. Fungo la jasmine limachepa mofulumira kuposa maonekedwe, choncho tikulangizidwa kumwa tiyi watsopano.
- Adani a Tiyi: Chinyezi, kuwala, kutentha kwakukulu, fungo lina, kupanikizika kwamakina (kumawononga mphete).
11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:
- Gulu la Mtengo: Moli Nyueri Hwani ndi umodzi mwa tiyi wa jasmine okwera mtengo kwambiri. Chinthu chachikulu cha mtengo ndi ntchito yolemetsa ya manja popanga mphete iliyonse. Mtengo woyerekeza: kuyambira 300 mpaka 700 yuan pa 500 g (msika wamba, 3–5 kuloŵetsa), kuyambira 800 mpaka 2000 yuan pa 500 g (wapamwamba, kuchokera ku Yunnan, 5–7 kuloŵetsa). Mtengo umatsimikiziridwa ndi: mtundu ndi chiyambi cha msingi wa tiyi (Mengku wapamtunda wa ku Yunnan ndi wokwera mtengo); kuchuluka kwa kuloŵetsa; kulondola kwa kupanga (mphete zolingana, zathunthu — zokwera mtengo); mtundu wa mphete (mphete ziwiri ndi zokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa zosanjikiza kamodzi).
- Momwe Mungapewere Zonyenga:
- Maonekedwe: Mphete ziyenera kukhala zolingana, zotsekedwa, zofanana kukula, zopanda ming’alu ndi zosanduka. “Mphete” zopanda maonekedwe kapena zosweka zikuwonetsa luso lochepa kapena kupanga ndi makina.
- Fungo: Lachilengedwe, loyera la jasmine, lopanda mankhwala ochita kupanga. Fungo liyenera kukhala “lamoyo,” osati lachidule.
- Kukoma: Kofewa, kogwirizana, kopanda kuwawa ndi kukoma kwachilendo. Kukoma kwa tiyi wobiriwira ndi jasmine — kuli m’gwirizano.
- Kutseguka: Pophika, mphete ziyenera kutseguka pang’onopang’ono, kusunga umphumphu wa masamba. Kutseguka mwachangu ndi chizindikiro cha kupanga kopanda luso.
- Mtengo: Mtengo wotsika mokayikitsa (mochepera 150 yuan/500 g) ndi “kupanga ndi manja” komwe kumanenedwa kumatsimikizira kuti ndi chonyenga — ntchito yamanja yopanga mphete siyingathe kukhala yotsika mtengo.
12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:
- Kupanga mphete imodzi ya Nyueri Hwani kumatenga nthawi yochokera pa masekondi 30 mpaka mphindi imodzi — katswiri wodziwa ntchito amatha kupanga osapitilira 300–500 mphete pa kugwira ntchito kwa tsiku limodzi. Ntchito yamanja ndiyomwe imapanga gawo lalikulu la mtengo wake.
- Dzina lakuti “Mphete za Mtsikana” (女儿环) likugwirizana ndi mwambo wopereka ndolo kwa atsikana akafika msinkhu — tiyi uyu nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa ngati mphatso kwa akazi achichepere, kutsindika zizindikiro za kukongola ndi ukhwima.
- Mphete ziwiri (双环, shuānghuán) — ndi mtundu wochepa wapadera, pomwe mphete ziwiri zimalumikizana. Kupanga kwake kumafuna luso lapamwamba kwambiri ndipo sikupezeka kawirikawiri, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala chinthu chosonkhanitsa chenicheni.
- Pophatikizira mu kapu yagalasi, Nyueri Hwani amapanga chithunzi chapadera: mphete zimatsikira pansi mosalala, kenako zimayamba kutseguka, kutambasula masamba, ngati maluwa apansi pa madzi — chiwonetsero chomwe nthawi zambiri chimafanizidwa ndi “kuvina kwa asungwana a m’madzi” (美人鱼舞, měirényú wǔ).
- M’kagawidwe ka maonekedwe a tiyi wa jasmine, pali mitundu isanu ndi itatu: ngati singano (针形), ngati singano ya paini (松针形), ngati mzere (条形), ngati mphete (圆环形), ngati mpira (珠圆形), yopindika (卷曲形), ngati mtolo (束形), ndi lathyathyathya (扁形). Nyueri Hwani ndi mmodzi mwa ochepa oimira mtundu wa mphete.
13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Ena a Jasmine:
- Moli Longzhu (茉莉龙珠, Mòlì Lóngzhū): “Ngale ya Chinjoka” — tiyi wa jasmine wopindidwa kukhala mipira yolimba. Tiyi onsewa amapangidwa ndi manja, koma Longzhu amapindidwa kukhala mpira, pomwe Nyueri Hwani amapindidwa kukhala mphete. Longzhu ndi wofala kwambiri, kupanga kwake ndi kosavuta komanso mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala wotsika mtengo pa mulingo wofanana. Makomedwe ake ndi ofanana, koma Longzhu amatseguka modziwikiratu.
- Moli Yin Zhen (茉莉银针, Mòlì Yínzhēn): “Singano za Siliva za Jasmine” — zochokera ku masamba oyera, maonekedwe a singano owongoka. Fungo lofewa, losakhazikika ndi kukoma kosalimba. Kupanda kupanga kovuta, koma mtengo wokwera wa msingi wa masamba. Powoneka, sizokongola kwambiri pophikira kuposa mphete za Nyueri Hwani.
- Moli Piao Xue (茉莉飘雪, Mòlì Piāo Xuě): “Chipale Chofewa Choyandama” — tiyi wa jasmine wa ku Sichuan wokhala ndi masamba a maluwa osungidwa. Amasiyana kwambiri ndi kukongola (masamba oyera oyandama pamwamba motsutsana ndi mphete pansi) ndi kukoma kothina, kowawa kwa msingi wa tiyi wa ku Sichuan.
- Moli Fengyan (茉莉凤眼, Mòlì Fèngyǎn): “Diso la Mbalame Yamoto” — masamba amapindidwa kukhala mawonekedwe aatali ngati amondi. Kupanga kosavuta kuposa kwa Nyueri Hwani. Amatseguka mwachangu, ndipo amapezeka pamtengo wotsika.
- Moli Yu Luoxu (茉莉玉螺, Mòlì Yù Luó): “Mphete ya Jade” — mawonekedwe opindika. Chogulitsa chambiri chokhala ndi kuloŵetsa kochepa, chotsika mtengo. Chowoneka sichowonekera bwino.
Pomaliza:
Moli Nyueri Hwani ndi tiyi umene luso limakumana ndi luso. Mphete iliyonse ndi zotsatira za kuleza mtima, luso, ndi kukonda zinthu zazing’ono zomwe sizingasinthidwe ndi makina aliwonse. Tiyi uyu sanalengedwe kuti angothetse ludzu kapena kusangalala ndi fungo lokha — analengedwa kuti aime nthawi: pamphindi momwe mphete zokongola zikutseguka m’madzi otentha, kupereka chinsinsi chake cha jasmine, chipwirikiti chimachoka, ndipo kumangotsala kusirira mwakachetechete kukongola. Nyueri Hwani ndi woyenera kwa iwo amene akufuna osati chakumwa chokha, koma chochitika chokongola — kwa iwo omwe kumwa tiyi ndi chochita chopenyerera modziwa.