Mògān Huáng Yá

Mògān Huáng Yá (莫干黄芽, Mògān huáng yá) ndi tiyi wachikasu wosowa wochokera m’chigawo cha Zhejiang, wobadwira m’nkhalango za bamboo pa phiri lodziwika la Mògānshān. Uyu ndi tiyi yemwe ali ndi mbiri yachilendo: adalengedwa m’nthawi ya Jin ndi amonke odzipatula, adayamikiridwa m’malemba a nthawi ya Tang, adayiwalika kwa zaka mazana ambiri ndipo adaukitsidwa mu 1979 ndi khama la akatswiri aŵiri odziwika bwino a tiyi — Zhuāng Wǎnfāng (庄晚芳) ndi Zhāng Tángháng (张堂恒). Mògān Huáng Yá ndi tiyi wachikasu yekhayo m’chigawo cha Huzhou ndipo ndi m’modzi mwa oŵerengeka omwe mbiri yawo ili ndi “kugawanika” kwapadera: kuyambira zaka za m’ma 1990, pansi pa chizindikiro chimodzi pali mitundu iŵiri — yachikhalidwe yachikasu (yokhala ndi gawo la mènhuáng) ndi yobiriŵira (yopanda ilo), zomwe zikupangitsa kukambirana pakati pa odziwa mpaka lero.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tiyi wachikasu (黄茶, huángchá), wothira pang’ono. Ndi wa m’kagulu kakang’ono ka “tiyi wachikasu wochokera ku masamba” (黄芽茶, huáng yá chá). Dziŵani: gawo lalikulu la zokolola (mpaka 80%) limapangidwa ndi ukadaulo wa tiyi wobiriŵira, popanda gawo la mènhuáng. Nkhaniyi ikugogomezera kwambiri mtundu wachikhalidwe wachikasu.
• Gulu: Tiyi wa mbiri yakale wa chigawo cha Zhejiang, m’modzi mwa “míngchá” (名茶, tiyi wotchuka) oyambirira a chigawo. Mu 1982 adalowa m’gulu loyamba la tiyi wotchuka m’chigawo limodzi ndi Xīhú Lóngjǐng ndi Jīngshān Chá.
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Zhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), mzinda wa Huzhou (湖州, Húzhōu), chigawo cha Deqing (德清县, Déqīng Xiàn), phiri la Mògānshān (莫干山, Mògān Shān) ndi madera ozungulira. Malo omwe ali ndi chizindikiro cha malo amaphatikizapo tawuni ya Mògānshān (莫干山镇), msewu wa Wǔkāng (武康街道), Wǔyáng (舞阳街道) ndi Fùxī (阜溪街道) — magawo 4 a kayendetsedwe, midzi 26.
• Malo a geography: longitude 119°45′–119°57′ East, latitude 30°26′–30°42′ North.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

• Mbiri:

  • Jìn (晋, 265–420 CE) — chiyambi: M’nthawi ya kufalikira kwa Buddhism, amonke adayamba kumanga nyumba zawo ku Mògānshān ndi kubzala mitengo ya tiyi. Monke wa kumwera Fǎyáo (释法瑶, Shì Fǎyáo), yemwe adatchulidwa ndi Lù Yǔ mu “Chájīng” (《茶经》, Chájīng), amakhala ku kachisi wa Xiǎoshān-sì (小山寺) m’dera la masiku ano la Deqing ndipo tsiku lililonse amamwa tiyi — umodzi mwa maumboni oyambirira a chikhalidwe cha tiyi m’derali.
  • Táng (唐, 618–907 CE) — kuzindikiridwa: Lù Yǔ mu “Chájīng” adasonyeza Wǔkāng (武康, dzina la mbiri yakale la Deqing) ngati limodzi mwa madera a tiyi a dera la Zhèxī (浙西). Tiyi wa ku Mògānshān adayamba kudziwika pakati pa akuluakulu ndi olemba.
  • Qīng (清, 1644–1912 CE) — kufalikira: Kope la nthawi ya Qiánlóng la “Wǔkāng Xiàn Zhì” (《武康县志》) linati: “Ku Mògānshān kuli tiyi wakuthengo, tiyi wamapiri, tiyi wapansi. Tiyi wochokera kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa phiri ndi wamtengo wapatali kwambiri.” Kope la nthawi ya Dàoguāng la bukhu lomwelo linati: “Tiyi wochokera ku Tǎshān ndi wabwino kwambiri; amonke amalima pamwamba pa phiri; tiyi amalowa mu mitambo ndi chifunga, ndipo fungo lake limaposa kakhumi wamba.” M’nthawi yomweyo, wolemba wa Qīng Táng Jìng (唐靖) adalongosola magawo anayi a kupanga: “zhì” (炙, kutentha), “ruó” (挼, kupotoza), “bèi” (焙, kuwotcha), “tài” (汰, kusankha) — zomwe zimagwirizana ndi dongosolo lamakono: shāqīng, róuniǎn, hōngmèn, jiǎntī.
  • 1956 — kupezedwa: Pulofesa wa Zhejiang Agricultural Institute Zhuāng Wǎnfāng (庄晚芳, Zhuāng Wǎnfāng), akupumula ku Mògānshān, adagula tiyi wamapiri kwa mayi pa msewu wa Yínshān-jiē. Atamwa, adakondwera kwambiri ndipo adalemba ndakatulo: “Ndidzaphika masamba achikasu ndi madzi a kasupe — fungo ndi loyera, kukoma ndi kokoma, mbiri siyinama. Kodi tiyi wakale wa ku Tǎshān ali kuti? Kuchokera kuti kwa wogulitsa sikudziwika bwino.”
  • 1979 — kuukitsidwa: Pulofesa Zhāng Tángháng (张堂恒, Zhāng Tángháng) wa ku Zhejiang Agricultural University adatsogolera ulendo wopita ku Mògānshān. Akatswiri adayendera minda ya tiyi ya pamwamba pa Méigāowù, Hénglǐng, Shuāngqiáo, Bìyú ndi Fúshuǐ, kenako limodzi ndi alimi a tiyi am’deralo adabwezeretsa ndi kukhazikitsa ukadaulo wa tiyi wachikasu. Panthawi imeneyi Zhuāng Wǎnfāng adapereka dzina lovomerezeka “Mògān Huáng Yá”.
  • 1982 — kuzindikiridwa: Mògān Huáng Yá adalandira udindo wa “míngchá” wachigawo wa gulu loyamba (浙江省首批一类名茶) — limodzi ndi Xīhú Lóngjǐng ndi Jīngshān Chá.
  • Zaka za m’ma 1990 — “kugawanika”: Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chidwi ndi tiyi wachikasu (ogula ankawona mtundu wachikasu ngati chizindikiro cha kusakhala watsopano), opanga anasinthira kwambiri ku ukadaulo wobiriŵira. Mtundu wachikasu unasungidwa ndi amisiri ochepa okha.
  • 2009–2017 — kubadwanso kwatsopano: Mu 2009 chizindikiro cha malonda “Mògān Huáng Yá — chizindikiro cha malo” chinalembedwa. Mu 2013 gulu la Zhejiang University lotsogozedwa ndi pulofesa Gōng Shūyīng (龚淑英) linakonza bwino ukadaulo wa tiyi wachikasu ndi kuyambitsa makina pang’ono. Mu 2017 adalandira chiphaso cha “National Geographical Indication of Agricultural Products” (国家农产品地理标志).
  • 2023 — cholowa chosagwirika: Ukadaulo wa kupanga Mògān Huáng Yá udalowetsedwa m’kaundula wa cholowa chosagwirika cha chigawo cha Zhejiang. Wosunga mwambo ndi mmisiri Shěn Yúnhè (沈云鹤, Shěn Yúnhè), m’modzi mwa omwe adapanga muyeso wa dziko la tiyi wachikasu.

• Dzina:

  • “Mògān” (莫干) — phiri la Mògānshān. Dzinali limachokera ku nthano yakale ya nthawi ya Chūnqiū (春秋): wolamulira wa Wú, Hélǘ (阖闾), adalamula akatswiri a zida Gānjiàng (干将) ndi Mòyé (莫邪) kuti apange malupanga aŵiri odziwika pa phiri ili. “Mò” + “Gān” = mayina a mwamuna ndi mkazi.
  • “Huáng Yá” (黄芽) — “masamba achikasu”: kusonyeza mtundu wa zopangira (masamba osalala a tiyi) ndi ukadaulo wa mènhuáng, womwe umapangitsa kuti tsamba ndi madzi akhale ndi mtundu wachikasu wosiyana.
  • Tanthauzo lonse: “masamba achikasu ochokera ku phiri la Mògānshān”.

• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Mògān Huáng Yá si tiyi chabe, koma chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe cha chigawo cha Deqing, choyimirira pamodzi ndi zigawo zina zitatu za mbiri ya Mògānshān: chikhalidwe cha malupanga cha Chūnqiū, chikhalidwe chachi Buddha cha Southern Dynasties, ndi chikhalidwe cha zomangamanga za ma villa achitsamunda cha kumapeto kwa Qīng — kumayambiriro kwa Republic. Kuyambira 2003, ku Deqing chaka chilichonse kumachitika “Mpikisano wa Amisiri a Tiyi wa Mògān Huáng Yá” (莫干黄芽茶王赛), womwe wakhala chochitika chofunika cha zokopa alendo za tiyi. Mawu a chizindikiro ndi “Mògān Huáng Yá — tiyi wotengedwa m’nkhalango ya bamboo” (莫干黄芽——是采自竹林中的茶).

3. Malongosoledwe a Zomera ndi Zopangira:

• Mtundu: Chomera chachikulu ndi gulu la m’deralo (当地群体种, dāngdì qúntǐ zhǒng) lochokera ku kufalikira kwa mbewu (有性系, yǒuxìng xì), lomwe limamera ku Mògānshān kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Mtundu wofunikira wosankhidwa ndi Hénglǐng zhǒng (横岭种, Hénglǐng zhǒng), womwe umadziwikanso kuti Hénglǐng No.1 (横岭1号): kufalikira kopanda kugonana (ma clones), mtundu wa tchire, kalasi ya masamba apakatikati, kucha msanga, diploid. Mtengo wa amayi uli pa famu ya Hénglǐng (横岭茶场) m’tauni ya Mògānshān, wazaka zoposa 100. Masamba ndi olimba, okhuthala, okhala ndi amino acids ochuluka (3–6%, ndipo zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri mpaka 6%, zomwe ndi kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa tiyi wobiriŵira). Mitundu ya Lóngjǐng 43 (龙井43) ndi Yíngshuāng (迎霜, Yíngshuāng) imaloledwanso.
• Kututa: Kututa kwakukulu ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika, nthawi yochokera ku Qīngmíng (清明, pafupifupi 5 April) mpaka Gǔyǔ (谷雨, pafupifupi 20 April). M’mbuyomu ankasiyanitsa: “yáchá” (芽茶, tiyi wa masamba, kututa mu Qīngmíng), “méijiān” (梅尖, kututa kwa chilimwe), “qiūbái” (秋白, kututa kwa mphukira mu July-August) ndi “xiǎochūn” (小春, kututa kwa October). Chamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndi “yáchá” wa masika.
• Muyeso wa kututa: Kwa gulu lapamwamba kwambiri (特级) — masamba athunthu okha kapena masamba ndi tsamba limodzi longoyamba kutuluka (一芽一叶初展, yī yá yī yè chū zhǎn). Kwa gulu loyamba — masamba ndi tsamba limodzi kapena aŵiri. Kwa gulu lachiwiri — masamba ndi masamba aŵiri.
• Zofunikira pa zopangira: Masamba ayenera kukhala athunthu, osawonongeka, okoma, ofanana kukula, ndi ubweya wochuluka. Kututa kumachitika nthawi yopanda mvula. Pambuyo pa kututa — kusanja ndi kuchotsa zolakwika (芽叶拣剔, yá yè jiǎn tī) ndi kugawa m’magulu.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

• Dera: Mògānshān ndi nthambi ya kum’mawa kwa mtsinje wa Xī Tiānmù (西天目山, Xī Tiānmù Shān). Phirili lazunguliridwa ndi nkhalango za bamboo zokhala ndi 92%, zomwe zimapanga kanyengo kapadera: mthunzi wachilengedwe wa bamboo umachedwetsa kukula kwa tchire la tiyi, ndikutalikitsa nthawi yosonkhanitsira ma amino acid. Mògānshān kuyambira kale amatchedwa “Dziko Lozizira” (清凉世界, Qīngliáng Shìjiè) — kutentha kwapakati pachilimwe sikuposa 28.7°C.
• Utali wa kulima: 200–758 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Minda yapakati (Hénglǐng, Tǎshān, Méigāowù) ili pa utali wa 500–700 mita.
• Nthaka: Nthaka yachikasu ya acidic ndi yachikasu-imvi (黄泥沙土, pH 5.5–6.5) yochokera ku miyala yowola. Zomera za organic ≥2.5%. Nthaka ili ndi chitsulo, zinki ndi selenium. Wosanjikiza wakuya wa humus, kapangidwe kotakasuka, kuyenda kwa madzi kwabwino.
• Kanyengo: Kanyengo ka subtropiki ka monsoon, kokhala ndi nyengo zodziwika bwino. Kutentha kwapakati pa chaka 15.2°C. Mvula ya pachaka 1400–1800 mm. Masiku a mitambo ndi chifunga opitirira 180 pachaka, chiŵerengero cha kuwala kobalalika chimaposa 70%. Izi zimapereka mikhalidwe yabwino yosonkhanitsira ma amino acid ndi zinthu zonunkhira: tiyi wa masika wochokera ku Mògānshān ali ndi mpaka 6% ya ma amino acid aulere — chizindikiro chapadera.
• Makhalidwe: Magulu a bamboo amagwira ntchito ngati “chotsekera” chachilengedwe (chofanana ndi njira ya kabuse mu ulimi wa tiyi wa ku Japan), kusefa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Madzi m’derali ndi a kalasi yoyamba ya muyeso wa dziko. Palibe mafakitale.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Ukadaulo wa mtundu wachikasu wa Mògān Huáng Yá umadziwika ndi mawu akuti “边烘边闷，固质挥香” (kutentha ndi kutenthetsa nthawi imodzi, kukhazikitsa zinthu ndi kumasula fungo). Kupanga kumaphatikizapo magawo asanu ndi atatu:

• Kuyala ndi kufowoketsa (鲜叶摊青 — xiān yè tān qīng): Masamba angotutuka amayalidwa mosanjikiza pang’ono pa zitsulo za bamboo kapena m’matebulo olowera mpweya kwa maola 4-6. Kuchepa kwa kulemera pa nthawi yofowoketsa kumakhala 13-18%. Cholinga ndicho kuchotsa pang’ono chinyezi, kuchititsa ma enzymes ndi kukonzekera tsamba kuti lipangidwe. Ndikofunika kupewa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Magulu osiyanasiyana amafowoketsedwa mosiyana.
• “Kupha zobiriŵira” (杀青 — shā qīng): Kuwotcha pamanja mu mbiya (手工抛炒, shǒugōng pāo chǎo) pa kutentha pafupifupi 180°C. Mfundo ndi “kutentha kwakukulu, kukonza mwachangu” ndikusunga mtundu wobiriŵira wa tsamba. Kuchepa kwa kulemera ndi 40-45%. Masamba osalala amafunika kusamalidwa mwachisamali: masamba ofiira, m’mphepete mwotentha kapena kutentha kosayenerana sikuloledwa. Mwamsanga pambuyo pa shāqīng — kuyala kuti zizizire.
• Kupotoza (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Kupotoza mopepuka potsata mfundo yakuti “lopepuka → lapakati → lopepuka” (轻—重—轻) kukanikiza, kumapangitsa kayendedwe ka “tàijí bàoqiú” (太极抱球, “kukumbatira mpira wa tàijí”). Cholinga ndicho kupangitsa masamba kukhala ngati chingwe cholimba, osawononga minofu yosalala. Chiŵerengero cha kupotoza koyenera kwa gulu lapamwamba ndi 85-95%.
• Kutenthetsa mokwanira / Mènhuáng (加温闷黄 — jiā wēn mèn huáng): Gawo lofunika kwambiri, losiyanitsa mtundu wachikasu ndi wobiriŵira. Masamba opotozedwa amakulungidwa mu nsalu ya thonje, kupanga “maphukusi a tiyi” ophatikizika (茶团, chá tuán). Maphukusi amayikidwa mu chisakasa cha bamboo (竹制大箩筐) pamwamba pa gwero la kutentha kofewa — makala oyaka kuchokera ku tsinde la mitengo ya tiyi kapena gāngtàn (冈炭, gāng tàn). Kutentha kumayang’aniridwa mosamala: 60-70°C. Nthawi yotenthetsa ndi pafupifupi mphindi 40, pomwe mmisiri amatembenuza maphukusi nthawi zonse, kuyang’ana mtundu ndi fungo. Pa nthawi ya mènhuáng, kuonongeka kwa chlorophyll kopanda ma enzymes ndi oxidation pang’ono ya polyphenols zimachitika chifukwa cha kutentha ndi chinyezi, zomwe zimapanga mtundu wachikasu wodziwika ndi fungo lokoma loyera. Kutenthetsa mopitirira muyeso kumabweretsa kuwawa ndi madzi amtambo, kusatenthetsa mokwanira sikumapereka khalidwe “lachikasu”. Gawo ili silingathe kuchitidwa ndi makina — ntchito ya manja ya mmisiri yokha.
• Kuyanika koyamba (初烘 — chū hōng): Kuyanika mwachangu kuti muchepetse chinyezi.
• Kupanga mawonekedwe (做形 — zuò xíng): Kupereka mawonekedwe omaliza — zingwe zolimba, zopyapyala, zofanana ndi “phasa la lotus” (似莲心, sì liánxīn).
• Kuyanika komaliza (足干 — zú gān): Kufikitsa chinyezi ku ≤6.5%. Amagwiritsa ntchito gāngtàn (kutentha kwa makala) kokha, popanda zoyanitsira zamagetsi — lamulo ili limalembedwa mu miyezo ya cholowa chosagwirika. Kuyanika ndi makala pa kutentha kochepa kumapereka kukoma koyera.
• Kusanja tiyi womalizidwa (干茶整理 — gān chá zhěnglǐ): Kusefa, kuchotsa, kugawa m’magulu.

Dziŵani: Mtundu wobiriŵira (绿茶类) umapangidwa ndi dongosolo lofanana, koma popanda gawo la mènhuáng: pambuyo pa kupotoza — kuyanika koyamba nthawi yomweyo. Mawu ake ndi “火里抢金，定色挥香” (“kutulutsa golide kumoto, kukhazikitsa mtundu ndi kumasula fungo”).

6. Makhalidwe a Kumverera:

Mtundu wachikasu (黄茶类):

• Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Zingwe zopyapyala, zolimba, zokhotakhota pang’ono, zofanana ndi mtima wa lotus (细紧略曲似莲心). Ubweya woyera ndi wagolide wochuluka (显毫). Mtundu ndi wachikasu wosalala wonyezimira ngati mafuta (嫩黄油润).
• Fungo la tsamba louma: Loyera, lokoma, lokhala ndi malingaliro a bamboo yatsopano, uchi ndi kamene kakang’ono ka mtedza.
• Fungo la madzi: Losalala, “qīngtiánxiāng” (清甜香) — loyera ndi lokoma. Kwa magulu apamwamba — “nènxiāng” (嫩香) yodziwika bwino, fungo la zobiriŵira zosalala. Kwa zitsanzo zakale kumawonekera kamvekedwe kofunda ka “yùmǐxiāng” (玉米香) — fungo la chimanga cha mkaka.
• Kukoma: Gānchún (甘醇) — kokoma-kofewa, kokhala ndi kapangidwe ka silika kodziwika. Kuchuluka kwa amino acid kumapereka kumveka kwa umami, kosowa mu tiyi wachikasu wa ku China. Kuphwanya pafupifupi kulibe: gawo la mènhuáng limachepetsa ma catechins osawononga kukoma kwa L-theanine. Kukoma pambuyo pake kumakhala kwanthawi yayitali, ndi “kubwerera” kokoma (回甘). Kukoma kumalongosoledwa ndi mawu akuti “鲜醇甘爽” — kwatsopano, kofewa, kokoma, kotsitsimula.
• Mtundu wa madzi: Wachikasu wosalala, wowonekera, wonyezimira bwino (嫩黄明亮). Ndi wopepuka kwambiri kusiyana ndi tiyi wachikasu wa masamba akulu (Dàyèqīng, Huángdàchá).
• Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lopangidwa): Masamba athunthu, osalala amtundu wachikasu wosalala, osonkhanitsidwa m’magulu a “maluwa” (嫩匀成朵、嫩黄明亮). Kufanana kwa pansi pa tiyi ndi chizindikiro cha kusanja koyenera.

7. Zomwe Zili M’thupi:

• Polyphenols: Kuchuluka kwa tiyi polyphenols ≥25% ya chinthu chouma. Gawo la mènhuáng limasintha pang’ono ma catechins, kuchepetsa kukhumudwa uku kusunga ntchito ya antioxidant. Chiŵerengero cha “polyphenols / amino acids” ndi chotsika kusiyana ndi tiyi wobiriŵira, chomwe chimafotokozera kufewa kwa kukoma.
• Amino acids: 3-6% ya chinthu chouma — chizindikiro chokwera kwambiri, chifukwa cha mthunzi wa bamboo ndi kanyengo ka pamwamba. Chigawo chachikulu ndi L-theanine, chomwe chimapangitsa kukoma, umami ndi zotsatira zomasuka. Zokolola za masika ku Hénglǐng zimatha kufika 6% — kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa tiyi wobiriŵira (2-3%).
• Alkaloids: Caffeine — 2-3.5% ya chinthu chouma. Kuyanjana ndi L-theanine kumapereka mphamvu yofewa, yochititsa mphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali popanda kusangalatsidwa kwadzidzidzi.
• Mavitamini: Vitamini C (kuchuluka kwake ndi kokwera kuposa tiyi wambiri wachikasu, chifukwa cha kukonza mwachisamali masamba osalala), mavitamini a gulu B.
• Minerals: Potaziyamu, zinki, selenium, fluoride, magnesium. Selenium imachokera ku nthaka ya m’mapiri a Mògānshān.
• Ma enzymes a chakudya: Gawo la mènhuáng limathandizira kupanga ma enzymes a chakudya (消化酶), omwe amasungidwa mu tiyi womalizidwa.

8. Phindu la Umoyo:

• Kuthandiza chakudya: Ma enzymes a chakudya, opangidwa pa nthawi ya mènhuáng, amathandiza kugaya chakudya. Mwachikhalidwe, Mògān Huáng Yá amalimbikitsidwa pamene pali kulemera pambuyo pa kudya, kutupidwa, kusowa chilakolako.
• Kupatsa mphamvu mofewa: Kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa L-theanine limodzi ndi caffeine yapakatikati kumapereka kuwonjezeka kwakanthawi kwa maganizo popanda nkhawa — mkhalidwe womwe ungafotokozedwe ngati “mphamvu yodekha”.
• Kukhudza bwino m’mimba: Poyerekeza ndi tiyi wobiriŵira, mènhuáng imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma catechins owopsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtundu wachikasu wa Mògān Huáng Yá ukhale woyenera anthu okhala ndi mimba yovuta.
• Chitetezo cha antioxidant: Polyphenols ndi catechins zimachotsa ma free radicals, kuthandizira thanzi la maselo.
• Kuyendetsa kutentha: M’mankhwala achikhalidwe achi China, Mògān Huáng Yá ali m’gulu la tiyi wokhala ndi “chilengedwe chozizira” (凉性), amathandizira kuchotsa kutentha kochuluka. M’mbiri ankayesetsa “qīngrè jiěshǔ” (清热解暑) — kutsitsimula ndi kuchotsa kutentha kwambiri.
• Kuthandiza maso: Vitamini C ndi polyphenols amakhulupirira kukhala othandiza ku thanzi la maso. M’mankhwala achikhalidwe, tiyi wachikasu amagwirizanitsidwa ndi “kuunikira chiwindi ndi kufotokozera maso” (清肝明目).
• Kuthandiza metabolism: Polyphenols amathandizira kuthamanga kwa fat metabolism.

9. Kaphikidwe:

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 85-90°C kwa mtundu wachikasu, 80-85°C kwa wobiriŵira. Madzi otentha kwambiri salimbikitsidwa: masamba osalala salekerera kutentha kwakukulu, komwe kumawononga amino acids ndi kuyambitsa kuŵawa.
• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml a madzi (chiŵerengero 1:50).
• Zida: Galasi (玻璃杯, bōlí bēi) — kuti muwone “kuvina kwa masamba”: akaphikidwa, amayandama, kumira ndi kukweranso, ndikupanga mawonekedwe osangalatsa. Gàiwǎn yoyera ya porcelain (白瓷盖碗) ndiyonso yabwino, imasonkhanitsira ndi kutulutsa fungo bwino.
• Ndondomeko:
  1. Konzekerani ziwiya ndi madzi otentha, tsani madziwo.
  2. Thirani 3 g a tiyi. Fungani fungo la masamba otenthedwa.
  3. Thirani madzi (85-90°C), kudzaza chidebe ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu. Pogwiritsa ntchito kuzungulira kopepuka, nyowani masamba onse (njira ya “润茶”, rùnchá). Yembekezerani masekondi 15-20.
  4. Onjezani madzi mpaka kuchuluka kwathunthu. Chotsani kwakanthawi kwa mphindi 1-2 pa kutsanulira koyamba.
  5. Yang’anirani mtundu wa madzi ndi fungo. Mwani pang’onopang’ono, ndi masipuni ang’onoang’ono.
  6. Kutenthetsanso kotsatira: 3-5 kutsanulira, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yochotsera ndi masekondi 30 nthawi iliyonse.

10. Kusunga:

Masamba osalala a Mògān Huáng Yá amakhudzidwa ndi mikhalidwe ya kusunga. Chabwino ndi kuyika muzotengera zotsekedwa (thumba la zojambulazo lokhala ndi valavu kapena chidebe cha malata) mufiriji pa kutentha 0-5°C, m’chipinda chapadera, chotsekedwa ku zakudya zonunkhira kwambiri. Ndikotheka kusunga pa kutentha kwa chipinda pamalo amdima, koma nthawi yake imafupikitsidwa. Adani a tiyi: chinyezi, kuwala kwa dzuwa, kutentha, fungo lachilendo, mpweya. Mtundu wachikasu umasunga khalidwe mpaka miyezi 36 akasungidwa mufiriji; kuwonjezera apo, pakapita nthawi umayamba kumveka “yùmǐxiāng” (玉米香, fungo la chimanga cha mkaka), lomwe okonda amawona ngati chizindikiro cha kukhwima. Mtundu wobiriŵira umasungidwa miyezi 12-18 ndipo pakapita nthawi umangotaya kutsitsimuka.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Mògān Huáng Yá ndi tiyi wosowa komanso wokwera mtengo. Mtundu wachikasu umapangidwa m’lumikizidwe lochepa (pafupifupi 20% ya zokolola zonse), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale wokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa wobiriŵira. Gulu lapamwamba la Mògān Huáng Yá wachikasu limayambira pa 1500 yuan pa jīn (500 g) kapena kupitirira. Mtundu wobiriŵira ndi wotsika mtengo. Mtengo umakhudzidwa ndi: gulu (芽茶 > méijiān), chaka chotutira, famu yeniyeni (Hénglǐng, Tǎshān) ndi kukhalapo kwa chiphaso cha chizindikiro cha malo.

• Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
  • Gulani kwa ogulitsa odziwika omwe ali ndi chizindikiro cha “National Geographical Indication” (国家农产品地理标志). Kuyambira 2017, chizindikirochi chimatetezedwa ndi chiphaso.
  • Yang’anani mawonekedwe: Mògān Huáng Yá weniweni ndi zingwe zopyapyala, zolimba “zooneka ngati mtima wa lotus” zokhala ndi ubweya wochuluka. Tsamba lalikulu, losweka silo tiyi ameneyu.
  • Mtundu wachikasu uli ndi mtundu wachikasu wosalala (osati wobiriŵira kwambiri.) wa tsamba louma. Ngati tsamba ndi lobiriŵira kwambiri — mwinamwake muli ndi mtundu wobiriŵira, wogulitsidwa ngati wachikasu.
  • Madzi ayenera kukhala “nènhuáng míngliàng” (嫩黄明亮) — wachikasu wosalala ndi wowonekera. Madzi osawala, owundana kapena obiriŵira kwambiri ndi chifukwa chokayika.
  • Mtengo wotsika wokayikitsa wa Mògān Huáng Yá “wachikasu” (m’munsimu mwa 500 yuan/jīn) pafupifupi ndithu umatanthauza kugulitsa mtundu wobiriŵira ngati wachikasu.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

• Monke Fǎyáo wa ku kachisi wa Xiǎoshān-sì (chigawo cha Deqing), wotchulidwa ndi Lù Yǔ mu “Chájīng”, ndi m’modzi mwa amonke atatu a Buddha omwe amamwa tiyi, omwe adatchulidwa mu chaputala cha “Zochita Zisanu ndi Ziŵiri” (七之事). Izi zimapangitsa Mògānshān kukhala limodzi mwa malo oyambirira omwe anatsimikiziridwa ndi zolemba za chikhalidwe cha tiyi ku China — kuyambira zaka za zana lachisanu AD.
• Mu 1987, pulofesa Zhuāng Wǎnfāng, ali mlendo ku “Nyumba Yamapiri ya Tiyi” (茶人山庄) ku Mògānshān, adasiya kalembedwe kake kodziwika: “Ndi madzi a kasupe muziphika Huáng Yá — fungo loyera lidzakopa alendo kunyumba” (泉水沏黄芽，清香诱客家) ndipo adatcha tiyi uyu “wabwino kwambiri pakati pa otchuka” (名茶中之佳品).
• Pa zithunzi zakale za Mògānshān za kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19 — kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20 (nthawi ya ma concession akunja), pali mawu akuti “MoKanShan — Tea Plantation” ndi chithunzi cha olima tiyi akugwira ntchito. Mògānshān panthawiyo inali malo osangalalira achilimwe otchuka kwa akazembe ndi amalonda akunja, ndipo tiyi wam’deralo ankaperekedwa kwa alendo limodzi ndi zakumwa za ku Ulaya.
• Zaka za mitengo yakale kwambiri ya tiyi pa phiri la Tǎshān (塔山) — munda wakale wa mbiri ya Mògānshān — zikuyerekezedwa kukhala zaka 100-800. Mtengo wa mayi wa Hénglǐng No.1, womwe mitengo yonse yamakono yochokera ku ma clones imachokera, uli ndi zaka zopitirira 100.
• Nkhalango za bamboo za ku Mògānshān (92% ya nkhalango) zimagwira ntchito ngati “chotsekera” chachilengedwe, chofanana ndi njira ya ku Japan ya kabuse (被せ). Komabe, ku Japan chotsekera chimapangidwa mwachilengedwe (nsalu, ukonde), koma ku Mògānshān chilengedwe chimadzipanga chokha — chifukwa cha nsonga za bamboo zazitali, zosefa kuwala.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina Wachikasu:

• Jūnshān Yín Zhēn (君山银针, Jūnshān Yín Zhēn): Onse ndi “huáng yá chá” (tiyi wochokera ku masamba), koma Jūnshān Yín Zhēn amapangidwa ku Dòngtíng Hú ku Hunan, amagwiritsa ntchito masamba akulu oongoka ndipo amaphikidwa ndi “kuvina kotchuka kwa kukwera ndi kutsika katatu”. Kukoma kwa Jūnshān Yín Zhēn kumakhala kokhuthala komanso kolemera; Mògān Huáng Yá ndi wosalala kwambiri, watsopano, wokhala ndi kamvekedwe kakang’ono ka maluwa ndi bamboo.
• Méngdǐng Huáng Yá (蒙顶黄芽, Méngdǐng Huáng Yá): Mnzake waku Sichuan, nayenso wochokera ku masamba. Méngdǐng Huáng Yá amakhala ndi kukoma kokoma kwambiri ndi fungo la mtedza, pamene Mògān Huáng Yá ndi watsopano komanso wamaluwa, wokhala ndi khalidwe la “bamboo”. Méngdǐng ali ndi udindo wa tiyi wachifumu, Mògān — tiyi wa akatswiri ofufuza.
• Huòshān Huáng Yá (霍山黄芽, Huòshān Huáng Yá): Tiyi wachikasu waku Anhui, nayenso wochokera ku masamba ndi masamba achichepere. Poyerekeza ndi Mògān, ndi wokhala ndi kuŵawa pang’ono komanso “wamsipu”, wokhala ndi kukoma kocheperako. Huòshān samakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vuto la “wachikasu vs. wobiriŵira”, kudziwika kwake ngati tiyi wachikasu kumakhala kokhazikika.
• Dàyèqīng (大叶青, Dàyèqīng): Tiyi wachikasu waku Guangdong wochokera ku tsamba lalikulu (huáng dà chá). Ndi wosiyana kotheratu ndi kalembedwe: wolemera, wokhuthala, wamalt, wokhala ndi kamvekedwe ka kutumphuka kovuta — chosiyana ndi Mògān wosakhwima, wamaluwa. Kuyerekeza tiyi awa kumasonyeza bwino kusiyanasiyana kwa gulu la “tiyi wachikasu”.

Pomaliza:

Mògān Huáng Yá ndi tiyi wa bata ndi mithunzi ya bamboo, tiyi wa chifunga cha m’mapiri ndi madzi a akasupe, tiyi wonyamula zaka 1,500 za mbiri ya Mògānshān. Kukoma kwake kosalala, kokoma ndi kamvekedwe kakang’ono ka bamboo, madzi owala a golide ndi fungo momwe uchi, zobiriŵira zazing’ono ndi kuzizira kwa m’mawa zimalumikizana — zonsezi zimapereka chidziwitso chomwe sichipezeka mu tiyi wobiriŵira kapena woyera. Uwu ndi tiyi wongoganizira mopanda changu, wa nthawi zija pamene nthawi imachedwa ndipo imalola kumva momwe mphepo ya m’mapiri imawombetsa m’nsonga za bamboo.