Méngdǐngshān Lǜ Máo Fēng

Méngdǐngshān Lǜ Máo Fēng (蒙顶山绿毛峰, Méngdǐngshān lǜ máo fēng) — “Nsonga ya Mawonekedwe a M’phiri la Mengding” — ndi tiyi yobiriŵira yowumitsidwa bwino yochokera ku phiri la Méngdǐng Shān (蒙顶山, Méngdǐng Shān, 1456 m) mumzinda wa Ya’an (雅安市, Yǎ’ān Shì), m’chigawo cha Sichuan — “nyumba yoyamba ya ulimi wa tiyi padziko lonse”, pomwe, mwa mwambo, m’monke wachidao Wu Lizhen (吴理真, Wú Lǐzhēn) anabzala mbewu zisanu ndi ziwiri zoyamba za tiyi m’nthawi ya West Han (zaka za m’ma 200 BC). Kuyambira pamenepo, phiri la Mengding limatchedwa “西蜀漏天，蒙顶仙茶” — “Western Shu – thambo; Mengding – tiyi yaumulungu.” Tiyi yochokera ku phiri la Mengding inali “gòngchá” (贡茶, gòngchá, “tiyi ya msonkho”) kwa zaka 1169 — kuyambira 742 AD (Tang Xuanzong, nthawi ya Tianbao) mpaka kumapeto kwa Qing — mafumu asanu motsatana, kumuika dzina la “五朝贡茗” (Wǔ Cháo Gòng Míng, “Tiyi ya Msonkho ya Mafumu Asanu”) — mwambo wautali wosalekeza wa “gòngchá” m’mbiri yonse ya China. Méngdǐngshān Lǜ Máo Fēng imasiyana ndi tiyi ina yochokera ku Méngdǐngshān chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake owongoka, osapindika (紧细匀直, jǐnxì yúnzhí) ndi njira ya Ming ya “三炒三揉” (sān chǎo sān róu, “kuwotcha katatu – kukanda katatu”).

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi yobiriŵira (绿茶, lǜchá), yosasandutsidwa. Yowumitsidwa bwino (细嫩烘青绿茶, xìnèn hōngqīng lǜchá). Mawonekedwe — mizere yowongoka yodzaza (紧细匀直, jǐnxìn yúnzhí). Mulingo wa kusandutsa — 0%.
Gulu la M’phiri: M’modzi wa tiyi ya phiri la Méngdǐngshān (蒙顶山茶, Méngdǐngshān Chá). “Tiyi ya Msonkho ya Mafumu Asanu” (五朝贡茗, 742 – kumapeto kwa Qing, zaka 1169). Chá ya Méngdǐngshān ili m’gulu la “Tiyi Khumi Zabwino Kwambiri za China” (全国十大名茶, 1959). Muyeso wa makampani “Méngdǐngshān Chá – Gawo 2: Tiyi Yobiriŵira” (《蒙顶山茶第2部分：绿茶》) unavomerezeka mu 2020. Mzinda wapakati wa kupanga ndi “Munda Wamfumu Wakale wa Tiyi” (古皇茶园, Gǔ Huáng Cháyuán) pa nsonga zisanu za phiri la Méngdǐngshān: Shangqingfeng (上清峰), Ganlufeng (甘露峰), Lingyinfeng (灵隐峰), ndi zina.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Sichuan (四川省, Sìchuān Shěng), mzinda wa Ya’an (雅安市, Yǎ’ān Shì), dera la Mingshan (名山区, Míngshān Qū) mbali ina ya Yucheng (雨城区, Yǔchéng Qū). Malowa ali pa “Malamba a Golide a 30° N.” (北纬30°黄金产茶带, Běiwěi 30° Huángjīn Chǎnchá Dài) — njira ya mtunda wogwirizanitsa madera ambiri otchuka a tiyi padziko lonse.
Ma Coordinated a Malo: Pafupifupi 30°05′ N, 103°12′ E.

2. Mbiri ndi Chikhalidwe Chofunikira:

West Han — Wu Lizhen. M’monke wachidao Wu Lizhen (吴理真) anabzala mbewu zisanu ndi ziwiri za tiyi pa nsonga ya phiri la Mengding — kulimidwa koyamba kolembedwa m’mbiri ya padziko lonse. Mbewu zisanu ndi ziwirizi zidatchedwa “Shèng Yánghuā” (圣扬花, Shèng Yánghuā, “Duwa Lopatulika Lotukuka”) ndi “Jíxiáng Ruǐ” (吉祥蕊, Jíxiáng Ruǐ, “Maluwa a Mwayi”). Wu Lizhen amalemekezedwa monga “Kholo la Ulimi wa Tiyi” (茶祖, Cházǔ) ndi “Mulungu wa Tiyi” (茶神, Cháshén). Pamalo obzalidwapo kuli “Munda Wamfumu Wakale wa Tiyi” (古皇茶园) wozunguliridwa ndi mpanda wa miyala — nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale.
Tang — “gòngchá” (742). Kuyambira nthawi ya Tianbao (天宝) ya Emperor Xuanzong (唐玄宗), tiyi yochokera ku phiri la Mengding inakhala “gòngchá” — tiyi ya msonkho kwa bwalo lachifumu. Uwu unali chiyambi cha zaka 1169 za mwambo wa “gòngchá” wosadukiza — wautali kwambiri m’mbiri ya China, wokhudza mafumu asanu: Tang (唐, 618–907) → Song (宋, 960–1279) → Yuan (元, 1271–1368) → Ming (明, 1368–1644) → Qing (清, 1644–1912).
Ming — “三炒三揉”. M’nthawi ya Ming, pambuyo pa lamulo la Zhu Yuanzhang (明太祖) loletsa “罷造龍團” (kuleka kupanga tiyi zoponderezedwa), ku phiri la Mengding panakhazikitsidwa njira ya “kuwotcha katatu – kukanda katatu” (三炒三揉, sān chǎo sān róu), yomwe ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito popanga Lǜ Máo Fēng. Njira imeneyi imapereka kukoma kwakuzama, “konunkha ndi kofewa” (浓醇, nóngchún), kosatheka ndi njira imodzi yokha.
1959 — khumi la China. Chá ya Méngdǐngshān inalowa m’gulu la “全国十大名茶” — limodzi mwa magulu a “tiyi khumi zabwino kwambiri” zachidziwikire, kumangitsa udindo wa phiri la Mengding monga limodzi mwa malo apamwamba a tiyi m’dziko.
Li Shizhen ndi tiyi yobiriŵira “yotentha”. Mu “Běn Cǎo Gāng Mù” (《本草纲目》, Běncǎo Gāngmù, “Chikwatu cha Mankhwala”), mu 1578, katswiri wamkulu wa mankhwala Li Shizhen (李时珍) analemba: “惟雅州蒙山出者溫而主疾” — “Tiyi yokha yochokera ku phiri la Meng ku Yazhou ndi yotentha mwachilengedwe ndipo imachiza matenda.” Awa ndi mkhalidwe wapadera: tiyi yobiriŵira yambiri mu mankhwala achikhalidwe achi China (TKM) imawerengedwa ngati “yozizira” (寒性, hánxìng) kapena “yozizira pang’ono” (凉性, liángxìng), pomwe ya Mengding ndi “yotentha” (温性, wēnxìng), kuchititsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mkhalidwe “wozizira”.
Dzina la tiyi — kufotokoza. 蒙顶山 (Méngdǐng Shān) — “Phiri la Nsonga Yophimbidwa [ndi nkhungu]”: 蒙 — “kuphimba, kukuta” (kutanthauza nkhungu zokhazikika); 顶 — “nsonga”; 山 — “phiri”. 绿 (Lǜ) — “wobiriŵira” — kutanthauza mtundu wa tiyi. 毛峰 (Máo Fēng) — “nsonga ya mavesi”: 毛 — “mavesi, ubweya” (ubweya woyera pa mafupa); 峰 — “nsonga” (masamba amapeto owongoka, owoneka ngati nsonga za mapiri). Matanthauzo onse andakatulo: “Nsonga ya Mawonekedwe a M’phiri lobiriŵira lochokera ku phiri lomwe nsonga yake ndi yophimbidwa ndi nkhungu.”
Chikhalidwe Chofunikira. Phiri la Mengding si malo chabe, koma chizindikiro cha chiyambi chenicheni cha ulimi wa tiyi. Dera la Ya’an limadziwika ngati “Mzinda wa Mvula” (雨城, Yǔchéng) — limodzi mwa malo achinyezi kwambiri ku China, zomwe zinabweretsa mwambi wakuti “西蜀漏天” (“Western Shu – thambo losweka”). Chikhalidwe cha tiyi ya Méngdǐngshān ndi chogwirizana kwambiri ndi chidao: Wu Lizhen anali m’monke wachidao, ndipo tiyi yochokera ku phiri nthawi zonse imaonedwa ngati “仙茶” (xiānchá, “tiyi ya osafa”). Chikondwerero chapachaka cha tiyi cha Méngdǐngshān chimakopa zikwi kwa amwendamnjira ndi okonda.

3. Mafotokozedwe a Zomera ndi Zogwiritsa Ntchito:

Mtundu: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis.
Cultivar: Méngshān Qúntǐzhǒng (蒙山群体种, Méngshān Qúntǐzhǒng) — mtundu wa m’deralo wamasamba ang’onoang’ono umene wakhala ukukula kwazaka zambiri m’nyengo ya mapiri aatali, yochuluka kwambiri chinyezi ya Méngdǐngshān. Imadziwika ndi kulimba ndi kuzizira kwambiri, ubweya woyera wochuluka pa mafupa, ndi amino acid zambiri — zotsatira za kusintha ndi nkhungu zokhazikika ndi kuwala kochepa. Mafupa ake ndi ochepa, ofupikitsa, owoneka ngati “mavesi.”
Kukolola: Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu, isanafike kapena m’nthawi ya Chūnfēn (春分, Chūnfēn, “Kugawikana kwa Masika,” pafupifupi 20–21 March). Mulingo wa kukolola: mafupa amodzi + masamba amodzi (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè). Kutalika kwa mphukira — ≤2.5 cm. Kwa mtundu wapamwamba, pamafunika mafupa 40,000–50,000 pa 500 g wa tiyi yokonzeka (80,000–100,000 pa 1 kg), kutanthauza ukhondo wapadera ndi ntchito yambiri.
Magrade:
- Mtundu Wapamwamba (特级, tèjí): Mafupa athunthu kapena mafupa amodzi + masamba amodzi kumayambiriro kwa kutukuka (一芽一叶初展). Masamba ake ndi owongoka, osalala, obiriŵira mofewa ndi ubweya woyera wanditchu. Fungo — la mtedza (栗香). Mtengo — 500–800 yuan pa 500 g.
- Mtundu Woyamba (一级, yī jí): Mafupa amodzi + masamba amodzi (一芽一叶). Masamba ake ndi ofanana, ndi ubweya wocheperapo.
- Mtundu Wachiwiri (二级, èr jí): Mafupa amodzi + masamba awiri (一芽二叶). Mawonekedwe ake ndi omasuka pang’ono, fungo lake losafunikira kwambiri, kukoma kwake kokwanira kwambiri.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Nyengo: Chinyezi cha kumpoto kwa tropiki. Kutentha kwapachaka — 15.5°C. Mvula yapachaka — ≥1500 mm — limodzi mwa madera a tiyi achinyezi kwambiri ku China. Kuchuluka kwa nkhungu koposa: masiku oposa 280 a nkhungu pachaka (malinga ndi zina, kufika pa 300+), zomwe zimapereka kuwala kochepa kwa nthawi zonse ndi kutsekereza kuwala kwa ultraviolet. Chinyezi cha mlengalenga — 82%. Ndi nyengo yaying’ono ija yomwe inabweretsa dzina lotchuka la “漏天” (“thambo losweka”).
Kutalika: 1000–1400 m. Pakatikati — nsonga zisanu za phiri la Méngdǐngshān ndi “Munda Wamfumu Wakale wa Tiyi” (古皇茶园) pa nsonga yake yeniyeni. Kusiyana kwa kutalika ndi nkhungu zokhazikika zimalenga zigawo zoima za nyengo, zomwe zimapatsa zokometsera zosiyanasiyana ngakhale mkati mwa phiri limodzi.
Nthaka: Zobiriŵira zofiirira (黄棕壤土, huángzōng rǎngtǔ). pH 4.5–5.6 — mkhalidwe wa acid pang’ono, woyenera kwa chitsamba cha tiyi. Nthaka ndi zolemera ndi organic matter, komanso microelements — selenium (Se) ndi zinc (Zn), zomwe zimachokera ku kapangidwe ka miyala ya Méngdǐngshān ndipo zimathandizira kuti pakhale mkhalidwe wapadera wa mchere wa tiyi.
“Fomu ya Li Shizhen”. Mkhalidwe “wotentha” (温性) wa tiyi ya Mengding ndi khalidwe lapadera lomwe limafotokozedwa ndi zinthu zophatikizana za malo: nkhungu zokhazikika zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa polyphenols kudzera mu photosynthesis (omwe amachititsa kuzizira), kuwala kochepa kofewa kumalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa amino acid ndi shuga, ndipo chinyezi chochuluka chimapanga kusiyana kwapadera kwa zinthu zina zakuthupi. Zotsatira zake — tiyi yomwe “imatenthetsa mkati,” osati “kuziziritsa,” monga mmene zimakhalira ndi tiyi yobiriŵira yambiri.

5. Njira ya Kupanga: Njira ya Ming ya “三炒三揉” (sān chǎo sān róu, “kuwotcha katatu – kukanda katatu”) ndi chizindikiro cha Méngdǐngshān Lǜ Máo Fēng, kusiyanitsa ndi tiyi ina ya m’deralo (Méngdǐng Gān Lù, Méngdǐng Huángyá):

Kutalika (摊青, tānqīng): Zomwe zangokololedwa zimayalidwa mosanjikiza pansi pa nsengwa za m’bambo m’chipinda cholowera mpweya. Kuwonongeka kwapang’ono ka mapuloteni kumayamba, ma amino acid aulere amatulutsidwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa aldehydes a udzu kumachepetsedwa.
Kuzungulira 1: Kuwotcha (杀青, shāqīng) — kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwakukulu, komwe kumalepheretsa oxidases ndikuteteza mtundu wobiriŵira. → Kukanda (揉捻, róuniǎn) — kuwononga m’makina kwa khoma la cell, kutulutsa madzi a m’selo.
Kuzungulira 2: Kuwotcha kachiwiri → kukanda kachiwiri. Kuzamitsa mbiri ya fungo, kumangirira kwambiri mawonekedwe.
Kuzungulira 3: Kuwotcha komaliza → kukanda komaliza. Kukhazikitsa kukoma “konunkha ndi kofewa” (浓醇, nóngchún), kupanga mawonekedwe omaliza olimba, owongoka.
Kupanga (做形, zuòxíng): Kupanga masamba owongoka, osalala, ofanana (紧细匀直).
Kuumitsa (烘干, hōnggān): Kuumitsa komaliza kotsika kutentha mu uvuni mpaka chinyezi ≤6%. Kukhazikitsa fungo ndi kukhazikika posunga.

Kubwereza katatu kuzungulira kwa “kuwotcha – kukanda” ndiye kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kwa njira. Mosiyana ndi njira yokha, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi tiyi yobiriŵira yambiri, kuzungulira katatu kumapereka: kumangika kokwanira kwa mawonekedwe okanda; kutulutsidwa kozama ndi “kosanjikiza” kwa kukoma mukamwetsa; mkhalidwe wapadera wa kukoma wa “nóngchún” (浓醇, “konunkha ndi kofewa”) ndi kuzama ndi kudzaza kowonekera.

6. Makhalidwe a Kuwonetsa:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Mizere yolimba, yosalala, yowongoka (紧细匀直, jǐnxìn yúnzhí). Mtundu — wobiriŵira mofewa (嫩绿, nèn lǜ) ndi ubweya woyera wowonekera kunsonga. Masamba ofanana kukula ndi mawonekedwe, osongoka pang’ono — “nsonga za mapiri” (峰).
Fungo la masamba owuma: Lofewa, lotsekemera, ndi mafungo a mtedza ndi udzu. Kafungo kakang’ono ka “chimanga” (玉米香, yùmǐ xiāng) — kafungo kake ka malo a Méngdǐngshān.
Fungo la madzi: “Mtedza wofewa” (嫩栗香, nèn lìxiāng) — fungo lalikulu. “Masamba obiriŵira” (青叶香, qīngyè xiāng) — kachilengedwe kake. “Cha chimanga” (玉米香) — kafungo kake ka malo, kopezeka makamaka mu tiyi ya Méngdǐngshān ndipo sichipezeka m’tiyi yobiriŵira ya madera ena. Fungo ndi lolimba, limatuluka pang’onopang’ono.
Kukoma: Kwachilengedwe ndi kofewa (鲜醇, xiānchún). Kokwanira ndi kofewa (浓醇, nóngchún) — khalidwe lofunika lochokera ku njira ya “三炒三揉.” Kotsekemera-kochilengedwe (甘爽, gānshuǎng) ndi kubwereranso kotsekemera kosalekeza (回甘, huígān). Kuŵawa ndi kochepa chifukwa cha polyphenols ochepa (chifukwa cha masiku oposa 280 a nkhungu). Kukoma kotsalira — kwautali, ndi kafungo kakang’ono “kotenthetsa,” komwe kulibe mu tiyi yobiriŵira yambiri.
Mtundu wa madzi: Wachikasu, owala ndi oyera (黄亮明净, huáng liàng míng jìng). Osati wobiriŵira, monga tiyi yobiriŵira yambiri, koma wachikasu — zotsatira za njira youmitsira (烘青) ndi kuwotcha katatu.
Pansi pa tiyi (masamba owiritsidwa): Obiriŵira-wachikasu, ofanana, onyezimira (绿黄匀亮, lǜhuáng yún liàng). Masamba amatseguka kwathunthu, kusunga kukhulupirika ndi kufewa.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:

Polyphenols (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Mulingo wapakati — wochepa kusiyana ndi tiyi ya madera otsika a dzuwa. Chifukwa chake — masiku oposa 280 a nkhungu amalepheretsa kuchuluka kwa catechins kudzera mu photosynthesis. Mulingo wochepa wa polyphenols umapereka mkhalidwe “wotentha” (温性) wa tiyi ndi kuŵawa kochepa. Gawo lalikulu ndi catechins (EGCG, ECG, EGC), omwe ali ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi kuyatsa kwa mafuta.
Mankhwala a Amino (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): Kuchuluka kwambiri — zotsatira zenizeni za mitambo yochuluka kwambiri (masiku 280+ a nkhungu): kuwala kochepa kumachedwetsa kuwonongeka kwa amino acid ndi kulimbikitsa kuchuluka kwawo. Chinthu chachikulu ndi L-theanine (茶氨酸, chá ānjīsuān), chomwe chimapanga pafupifupi 50% ya amino acid onse aulere. L-theanine imathandizira kukoma kwa umami kofewa, kumasuka, ndi mkhalidwe “wotenthetsa”. Chiŵerengero cha polyphenols/amino acid (酚氨比, fēn’ān bǐ) ndi chimodzi mwa zochepa kwambiri mwa tiyi yobiriŵira ya China, kuchititsa Lǜ Máo Fēng kukhala chitsanzo cha “kuchilengedwe kopanda kuŵawa”.
Mchere: Selenium (Se) ndi zinc (Zn) — kuchuluka kwambiri, chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka mchere wa miyala ya Méngdǐngshān. Selenium ndi chotsutsana ndi kuyatsa kwa mafuta champhamvu, chothandizira glutathione peroxidase. Zinc ndi chofunikira pa ntchito ya chitetezo ndi kapangidwe ka mapuloteni. Potaziyamu, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese — mu milingo yokhazikika ya tiyi yobiriŵira.
Caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn): Mulingo wapakati (2–3% ya kulemera kwa chouma). Pogwirizana ndi L-theanine, kumapereka mphamvu yofewa yolimbikitsa popanda kusangalatsidwa kwakukulu.
Flavonoids (黄酮类, huángtóng lèi): Zimapezeka mochuluka, zimathandizira kutha kwa mphamvu zotsutsana ndi kuyatsa kwa mafuta ndi mtundu wachikasu wa madzi.
Mavitamini: Vitamin C (mochuluka, wosungidwa chifukwa cha kusandutsidwa kochepa), mavitamini a gulu B (B1, B2), vitamin E.
Mafuta ofunikira (芳香物质): Amayambitsa fungo la “mtedza-chimanga” lodziwika bwino. Zinthu zazikulu — linalool, neraniol, furfural (chochititsa fungo la mtedza), hexanal, ndi cis-3-hexenol (mafundo a udzu).

8. Ubwino Wathanzi:

Mphamvu yotsutsana ndi kuyatsa kwa mafuta. Catechins ndi flavonoids zimaletsa ma free radicals. Selenium imalimbitsa chitetezo chotsutsana ndi kuyatsa kwa mafuta kudzera mu glutathione peroxidase.
Mkhalidwe “wotentha” — woyenera kwa mkhalidwe “wozizira”. Mkhalidwe wapadera, womwe Li Shizhen anawona: mosiyana ndi tiyi yobiriŵira yambiri, Méngdǐngshān Lǜ Máo Fēng si “kuziziritsa” thupi, koma mofewa “kutenthetsa,” kuchititsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi m’mimba movuta ndi chizolowezi cha mkhalidwe “wozizira” m’mawu a TKM.
Mphamvu yolimbikitsa. Caffeine pogwirizana ndi L-theanine imapereka mphamvu yofewa, yolimbikitsa kwautali ndi kusintha kwa kuganizira kopanda nkhawa ndi kugunda kwa mtima.
Kuthandizira chimbudzi. Ma polyphenols apakati amalimbikitsa kutuluka kwa madzi a m’mimba ndi peristalsis, osapsya mtambo. Mkhalidwe “wotentha” umathandiziranso ku dongosolo la chimbudzi.
Mphamvu yoletsa mabakiteriya. Catechins amaletsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m’matumbo ndi m’kamwa.
Kuthandizira chitetezo. Zinc ndi vitamin C zimalimbikitsa mwamgwirizano ntchito ya chitetezo. Selenium imathandizira kuyendetsa bwino kwa kuyankha kwa chitetezo.
Kuthandizira zochita za ubongo. L-theanine imalimbikitsa mafunde a alpha muubongo, kusintha kukumbukira, kuphunzira, ndi luso lokhoza.
Kuthandizira dongosolo la mtima. Polyphenols ndi flavonoids zimathandiza kuchepetsa mulingo wa cholesterol ya LDL ndi kusintha kutha kwa mitsempha.

9. Kuwiritsa:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–90°C. Mtundu wapamwamba — 80°C (zomwe zili zofewa kwambiri zimafuna kutentha kotsika). Mitundu yoyamba ndi yachiwiri — kufika pa 90°C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml a madzi (chiŵerengero 1:50).
Ziwiya: Galasi la galasi (kuti musangalale ndi masamba otseguka), gàiwǎn ya porcelain (盖碗, gàiwǎn) kapena kapu ya tiyi ya porcelain. Pofuna kutulutsa bwino kukoma “konunkha ndi kofewa”, gàiwǎn ndiyabwino — imalola kulamulira bwino nthawi yowiritsira.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsa ziwiya ndi madzi otentha, tsanulira.
2. Thirani 3 g a tiyi.
3. Thirani madzi mpaka ⅓ ya voliyumu, lolani masamba “kudzuka” kwa masekondi 20–30.
4. Wonjezerani madzi mpaka voliyumu yonse.
5. Kutulutsa koyamba — kuwiritsa kwa masekondi 60–90 (galasi la galasi) kapena masekondi 10–15 (gàiwǎn, njira ya gongfu).
6. Kutulutsa kotsatira — +15 masekondi pazonsezo. Tiyi imapirira kuwiritsidwa 3–4, kutulutsa pang’onopang’ono kutsekemera ndi kuzama kwa mtedza.

10. Kusunga:

“Kupumula” pambuyo pa kupanga. Tiyi yatsopano imalimbikitsidwa kusiyidwa kwa masiku 10–15 pa kutentha kwa chipinda (退火, tuìhuǒ) kuti kukhazikike fungo.
Kusunga kwenikweni. Zovala zotsekera, m’firiji pa 0–5°C. Kutetezedwa ku kuwala, chinyezi, mafungo akunja, ndi mpweya.
Kusunga kwautali. Kusunga kopitirira miyezi 6 — kuziziritsa pa −18°C m’zovala zopanda mpweya. Mukachotsa m’firiji, siyani zovala pa kutentha kwa chipinda kuti zifike pa kutentha kofanana musanatsegule, kuti mupewe chinyezi kuunjika pa masamba.
Nthawi ya kusunga. M’mikhalidwe yoyenera — kufika miyezi 18. Pambuyo pa kutsegulidwa — mugwiritse ntchito mkati mwa miyezi 1–2.

11. Mtengo ndi Zoyesera:

Kusiyana kwa mitengo. Mtundu wapamwamba (特级) — 500–800 yuan pa 500 g (pafupifupi 70–110 USD). Mtundu woyamba — 200–500 yuan pa 500 g. Mtundu wachiwiri — 100–200 yuan pa 500 g. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mtengo: nthawi ya kukolola (isanafike kugawikana kwa masika, ndi yodula kwambiri), giredi ya zogwiritsa ntchito, kutalika kwa munda wa tiyi, mbiri ya famu.
Momwe mungapewere zoyesera:
- Gulani ndi chizindikiro cha “蒙顶山茶”. Tiyi yeniyeni imadziwika ndi chizindikiro cha malo. Onani kuti mulibe mulingo wa makampani wa 2020.
- Kuwunika maonekedwe. Lǜ Máo Fēng yeniyeni ndi mizere yofanana, yosalala, yowongoka (紧细匀直) yokhala ndi ubweya woyera, mtundu wobiriŵira mofewa. Zoyesera nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osafanana, mtundu wosasangalatsa, kapena mawonekedwe aukali.
- Kuwunika fungo. Fungo lodziwika bwino la “mtedza wofewa” (嫩栗香) ndi kafungo ka chimanga ndi chizindikiro cha tiyi yeniyeni. Kusowa kwa kafungo ka chimanga kapena kupezeka kwa mafungo akuthwa, “ophika mu uvuni” ndi chifukwa chokayikira.
- Kuyesa madzi. Madzi ayenera kukhala achikasu, owala ndi oyera (黄亮明净), osati odetsedwa kapena obiriŵira-otuwa.
- Kuyesa mtengo. Mtengo wochepera 300 yuan pa 500 g womwe ukunenedwa kuti ndi “mtundu wapamwamba” ndi chifukwa chochenjeza.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

Zaka 1169 za “gòngchá” — 5 mafumu motsatana. Mwambo wautali wosalekeza wa “gòngchá” m’mbiri ya China: Tang → Song → Yuan → Ming → Qing. Palibe dera lina la tiyi lomwe lingafanane ndi mbiri imeneyi.
Masiku oposa 280 a nkhungu pachaka. Chiŵerengero choposa m’madera onse a tiyi ku China. “Thambo losweka” (漏天) — dzina lakale la Ya’an, lowonetsa mvula ndi nkhungu zosatha. Mfundo yokhudza nyengo ija modabwitsa imapanga mikhalidwe yabwino kwa chitsamba cha tiyi.
Tiyi yobiriŵira yokha “yotentha”. Mu “Běn Cǎo Gāng Mù”, Li Shizhen anatcha tiyi ya Mengding ngati “温性” — tiyi yobiriŵira yokha mu TKM yomwe ili ndi mkhalidwe “wotentha”. Tiyi ina yonse yobiriŵira ndi “yozizira” kapena “yozizira pang’ono.”
Mbewu zisanu ndi ziwiri za Wu Lizhen — kulima koyamba kwa tiyi padziko lonse. “Munda Wamfumu Wakale wa Tiyi” (古皇茶园) pa nsonga ya Mengding ndi malo, mwa mwambo, pomwe anthu anayamba kumwa tiyi. Mipanda isanu ndi iwiri ya miyala yozungulira mbewu zakale idasungidwa lero ngati mnyumba yamoyo.
“Kuwotcha katatu – kukanda katatu” (三炒三揉). Njira ya Ming — kuzungulira katatu kwa kuwotcha ndi kukanda — ndi yapadera kwa tiyi yobiriŵira. Tiyi yobiriŵira yambiri imawotchedwa kamodzi; kuwotcha kawiri n’kosapezeka; katatu n’kosowa ndipo kumapereka kuzama kwa kukoma kosatheka ndi njira imodzi.

13. Kufananiza ndi Tiyi Ina ya Phiri la Méngdǐngshān ndi Tiyi Yobiriŵira ya “Máo Fēng”:

Méngdǐng Gān Lù (蒙顶甘露, Méngdǐng Gānlù). Ndi tiyi yotchuka kwambiri ya phiri la Mengding. Kusiyanitsa: “Gān Lù” — mawonekedwe ozungulira, opindika pang’ono (卷曲), njira ya “三炒三揉” + kukanda kowonjezera; Lǜ Máo Fēng — mawonekedwe owongoka (紧细匀直). Fungo la “Gān Lù” ndi “lotsekemera-mame” (kwenikweni “甘露” = “mame okoma”); Lǜ Máo Fēng ndi “mtedza-chimanga” kwambiri. “Gān Lù” imawerengedwa ngati mtsogoleri wa mzere ndipo ndi yokwera mtengo.
Méngdǐng Huángyá (蒙顶黄芽, Méngdǐng Huángyá). Tiyi yachikasu yochokera ku phiri lomwelo. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu — siteji ya “mēnhuáng” (闷黄, “kuwiritsa mu yellow”), yomwe imapatsa tiyi kusandutsa “kwachikasu” (~10–15%). Kukoma ndi kofewa komanso kotsekemera, ndi mafungo a uchi; fungo silochilengedwe kwambiri koma lozama. Lǜ Máo Fēng ndi yobiriŵira chabe, yopanda kusandutsa.
Huángshān Máo Fēng (黄山毛峰, Huángshān Máo Fēng). “Máo Fēng” wamkulu — wotchuka “Máo Fēng” wochokera ku Anhui. Kusiyanitsa: “Huángshān” — mafupa + masamba okhala ndi “masamba agolide” odziwika bwino (金鱼叶, jīnyú yè); Méngdǐngshān — opanda “masamba agolide.” Fungo la “Huángshān” — la orchid, la maluwa; Méngdǐngshān — la mtedza-chimanga, “njere” kwambiri. Malo: “Huángshān” — nthaka ya granite ya acid; Méngdǐngshān — yobiriŵira yofiirira, yolemera ndi Se ndi Zn.
Méngdǐng Shíhuā (蒙顶石花, Méngdǐng Shíhuā). Tiyi yakale kwambiri ya phiri la Mengding, imodzi mwa “gòngchá” oyambirira. Mawonekedwe — athyathyathya, “duwa la mwala” (石花). Njira yake ndi yosiyana ndi “三炒三揉”: kuwotcha kamodzi ndi kupanga. Kukoma ndi kofewa komanso kosalala, koma opanda kuzama kwa “konunkha ndi kofewa” kwa Lǜ Máo Fēng.

M’malo: Méngdǐngshān Lǜ Máo Fēng ndi tiyi yochokera ku phiri pomwe zonse zidayambira: mbewu zisanu ndi ziwiri za Wu Lizhen, zaka 1169 za “gòngchá,” masiku 280 a nkhungu, ndi tiyi yobiriŵira yokha “yotentha” mu mankhwala achikhalidwe achi China. Njira ya Ming ya “kuwotcha katatu – kukanda katatu” imamupatsa kukoma “konunkha ndi kofewa” kosatheka ndi njira imodzi, ndipo fungo la malo la “chimanga-mtedza” silingasokonezedwe ndi china chilichonse. Kwa amene amamwa osati tiyi chabe, koma mbiri ya ulimi wa tiyi — mbiri ya zaka pafupifupi zikwi ziwiri — Méngdǐngshān Lǜ Máo Fēng sichakumwa, koma ulendo wa ku mizu yeniyeni ya chitukuko cha tiyi.