Méi Zhàn Wūlóng · new.thetea.app

Méi Zhàn («Maula Wogonjetsa»), ndi umodzi mwa mitundu yochuluka kwambiri ndi yodziwikiratu ya ku Fujian: kuchokera pachinthu chomwecho, amisiri amapanga oolong (kuyambira owala a Anxi mpaka owotcha kwambiri amiyala), tiyi wofiira ndipo ngakhale woyera. Monga oolong, Méi Zhàn amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha fungo lake lodziwika la maluwa a mume (梅花, méihuā), kutsekemera kwa zipatso ndi uchi, komanso mphamvu yovumbulutsa momveka malo a mmene anakulira — kaya ndi miyala ya mchere ya Wǔyí Shān kapena mapiri ofiira a Ānxī. Uwu ndi “mtundu wobisalira” wokhala ndi mawu osasintha: umasintha kalembedwe, koma simudzitaya.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Oolong (tiyi wophikidwa pang’ono). Mlingo wa okisijeni umasiyana kwambiri — kuyambira 15% (kalembedwe kowala ka Anxi) mpaka 60–70% (wakuda wa Wuyishan yán chá), zomwe zimapangitsa Méi Zhàn kukhala imodzi mwa oolong osinthika kwambiri ku China.
Gulu: Oolong a ku Fujian. Mitundu iwiri yayikulu:
- Wǔyí Méi Zhàn (武夷梅占, Wǔyí Méi Zhàn) — oolong wa miyala (岩茶, Yán Chá), kalembedwe ka m’mpoto mwa Fujian (Mǐnběi). Ali m’gulu la “mitundu yotchulidwa” (名枞, Míngcōng) ya phiri la Wǔyí Shān.
- Ānxī Méi Zhàn (安溪梅占, Ānxī Méi Zhàn) — oolong wa kum’mwera kwa Fujian (Mǐnnán), kwawo kwa cultivar.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Fujian (福建, Fújiàn).
- Kwawo kwa cultivar — chigawo cha Ānxī (安溪县, Ānxī Xiàn): Tauni ya Lútián (芦田镇, Lútián Zhèn), mudzi wa Sānyáng (三洋村, Sānyáng Cūn), phiri la Yínpíngshān (银瓶山, Yínpíng Shān). ~25°05’ N, ~117°55’ E. Kutalika mpaka 1411 m.
- Mapiri a Wǔyí Shān (武夷山, Wǔyí Shān): kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Fujian. ~27°43’ N, ~117°41’ E.
- Cultivar imabzalidwanso ku Guangdong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan ndi Taiwan.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Cultivar ya Méi Zhàn imachokera ku mudzi wa Sānyáng (三洋村) m’tauni ya Lútián (芦田镇) m’chigawo cha Ānxī — malo a m’mapiri okhala ndi nyengo yamitambo ndi chifunga, madzi a akasupe, komanso nthaka yachonde, yoyenera kulima tiyi. Pali nthano ziwiri zofala za chiyambi cha Méi Zhàn. Yoyamba imanena za cha m’ma 1810 (chaka cha 15 cha ulamuliro wa Mfumu Jiāqìng, จักรพรรดิเจี่ยชิ่ง, Mzera wa Qīng): mlimi dzina lake Yáng Yìtáng (杨奕糖) wa ku mudzi wa Sānyáng anali kugwira ntchito m’munda pafupi ndi phiri la Yínpíngshān pamene munthu wapaulendo wotopa kwambiri, atanyamula mbande za tiyi pa goli, anadutsa. Yáng anamudyetsa phala, ndipo mlendo woyamikayo monga kuthokoza anamupatsa mphukira zitatu za mtengo wa tiyi wosadziwika. Yáng anazibzala pabwalo la nyumba yachifumu ya Yùshùcuò (玉树厝). Patapita zaka zingapo, mitengo inakula, ndipo tiyi wopangidwa kuchokera ku masamba ake anadabwitsa aliyense ndi fungo lake losadziwika. Katswiri wamaphunziro a m’deralo (举人, jǔrén) Yáng Huīwén (杨辉文), ataona maluwa a mtengo wa tiyi ndipo atawapeza ofanana ndi kuphuka kwa mume wa m’nyengo yozizira (Prunus mume), anatcha mtunduwo “Méi Zhàn” — kutengera mzere wa ndakatulo: “梅占百花魁” (Méi zhàn bǎihuā kuí — “Mume umagonjetsa maluwa onse”). Nkhani yachiwiri ikukhudzana ndi 1821 (chaka choyamba cha ulamuliro wa Mfumu Dàoguāng, 道光): munthu wa fuko la Wáng (王氏) wa ku Xīpíng (西坪) anabwera ku Lútián kukapembedza makolo. Anthu a kumaloko anamuonetsa mtengo wa tiyi wopanda dzina ndipo anamfunsa dzina lake. Wáng sanadziwe yankho, koma, atakweza maso ake, anaona pakhomo cholembedwa chofanana: “梅占百花魁” — ndipo nthawi yomweyo anatcha mtengowo “Méi Zhàn”. Mosasamala kanthu za kudalirika kwa nthanozi, cultivar ya Méi Zhàn ili ndi mbiri yolembedwa yopitirira zaka 200. Mu 1985, Komiti Yaikulu ya China yoyesa mitundu ya mbewu zazaulimi inavomereza mwalamulo Méi Zhàn ngati mtundu wa dziko (nambala GS13004-1985). M’nthawi ya Republic (民國, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20), cultivar inabweretsedwa ku mapiri a Wǔyí Shān, kumene akatswiri a m’deralo anayamikira mphamvu yake “yoyamwa” chikhalidwe cha malo amiyala. M’zaka za m’ma 1970, Méi Zhàn inafalikira ku Sichuan ndi Yunnan, ndipo panopa imalimidwa m’magawo oposa 10 a China. Chochititsa chidwi cha mbiri: mu 1923, mbadwa ya ku Sānyáng, mkulu wa asilikali Yáng Hànliè (杨汉烈), anapereka mabokosi asanu a tiyi wa Méi Zhàn kwa Sūn Zhōngshān (孙中山). Tate wa Republic of China anayankha ndi kalata yothokoza, yomwe ikusungidwabe m’nyumba ya mbadwa ya Yáng ku mudzi wa Sānyáng. Wolemba ndakatulo wa kumapeto kwa mzera wa Qīng, Lín Hènián (林鹤年) wa ku Lútián — mmodzi mwa “akatswiri akuluakulu asanu ndi atatu a ndakatulo a ku Fujian” — analemba kuti: “种梅三万株，终老吾何悔” (“Ndabzala mume zikwi makumi atatu ndipo sindidandaula — kufikira kumapeto kwa masiku anga”), kuchitira umboni za kuchuluka ndi kufunika kwa cultivar m’dera lakwawo.
Dzina:
- “Méi” (梅) — mume mume (Prunus mume), chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu za chikhalidwe cha China: kulimba mtima, ulemu, kukongola. Mume umaphuka kumapeto kwa dzinja, pamene mitengo ina ikadali m’tulo — chizindikiro cha kulimba mtima pamaso pa mavuto.
- “Zhàn” (占) — kutenga, kukhala woyamba, kugonjetsa (malo oyamba).
- Tanthauzo lonse: “Mume Wogona Malo Oyamba” — fungo la tiyi limakumbutsa kuphuka kwa mume, ndipo khalidwe lake “limagonjetsa” lina.
- Mayina ena a cultivar: Dàyè Méi Zhàn (大叶梅占, “Méi Zhàn Wamkulu-Masamba”), Gāojiǎo Wūlóng (高脚乌龙, “Oolong Wamtali” — chifukwa cha kukula kwake kowongoka ndi mfundo zazitali pakati pa masamba).
Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe: Méi Zhàn ndi imodzi mwa mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yachikale ya oolong ya ku Ānxī, ngakhale ili yochepa kutchuka kuposa Tiě Guānyīn (铁观音). Uwu ndi “tiyi wa akatswiri”: wosatchuka kwambiri, koma amayamikiridwa kwambiri pakati pa omwe amafuna chikhalidwe chodziwika cha mtundu. M’zaka za m’ma 1990, pomwe mafashoni a Tiě Guānyīn anachititsa kubzalidwanso kwakukulu kwa minda ya tiyi, malo a Méi Zhàn ku Ānxī anachepa kwambiri. Mitengo yakale (老枞, lǎocōng), yomwe inatsala pa mapiri, tsopano ndi yamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Wǔyí Méi Zhàn ndi “wokondedwa mwakachetechete” pakati pa odziwa yán chá: chikhalidwe chake chodziwika bwino cha mtundu chimawonekera ngakhale pakati pa Ròu Guì (肉桂) wamphamvu ndi Shuǐ Xiān (水仙).

3. Kufotokozera kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira:

Cultivar: Méi Zhàn (梅占) — Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Mtundu wopanda kugonana (无性系, wúxìngxì), mtengo wawung’ono (小乔木, xiǎo qiáomù) wokhala ndi thunthu lowongoka. Wamkati mwa masamba (中叶类), wochedwetsa kupsa (中芽种).
Maonekedwe: Chomera chimakula motalika — mitengo yakale imafika kutalika kwa 1.6 m ndi korona mpaka 1.1 m. Thunthu lodziwika, nthambi zokhuthala kwapakati, mfundo zazitali pakati pa masamba (nchifukwa chake amatchedwa “Oolong Wamtali”). Masamba ndi aatali-ozungulira, obiriwira kwambiri, onyezimira, okhala ndi pamwamba paphwando ndi m’mphepete mwake mopindika pang’ono mkati. Makulidwe a tsamba ndi apamwamba kuposa apakati, kapangidwe kake ndi kolimba, kophwanyika. Kulumikizana kwa m’mphepete — kosaya ndi kopanda pafupipafupi.
Mphamvu zazikulu za cultivar:
- Zokolola zambiri: 200–300 kg ya tiyi wouma pa mu (亩, pafupifupi 667 m²).
- Kusintha kwakukulu — imamera bwino m’magawo osiyanasiyana a nyengo ndi pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka.
- Kusinthasintha kwapadera (适制性, shìzhìxìng) — yoyenera kupanga oolong, tiyi wofiira, wobiriwira ndi woyera. Khalidwe losowa pakati pa mitundu ya ku Fujian.
- Fungo lodziwika la mtundu: la mume ndi maluwa, lokhala ndi mawonekedwe a uchi ndi zonunkhira, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta ofunikira.
- Mphukira zili ndi mphamvu yayikulu yakukula, koma zimauma msanga (持嫩性较差, chí nèn xìng jiào chà) — kumafunika kututa pa nthawi yoyenera.
Mulingo wa Kututa: Mphukira + masamba 2–3 apamwamba. Kwa oolong, amalimbikitsa kututa mofewa ndi kufowoketsa pang’ono (嫩采, 重晒, 轻摇, nèn cǎi, zhòng shài, qīng yáo). Kututa kwa masika — kwamtengo wapatali kwambiri.
Nyengo: Msinkhu wa kututa kwa masika — pakati pa April (一芽三叶盛期, nthawi yochuluka ya tsamba lachitatu). Méi Zhàn ndi mtundu wochedwetsa kupsa: ku Ānxī amaututa masiku 7–10 mochedwa kuposa Tiě Guānyīn, zomwe zimapatsa alimi mwayi wokonza zokolola zazikulu za TGY chisanayambike nyengo ya Méi Zhàn. Amatutidwanso m’chilimwe ndi m’dzinja.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Ānxī — kwawo kwa cultivar (Mǐnnán Méi Zhàn)

Maonekedwe a Malo: Malo a mapiri kumwera chakum’mawa kwa Fujian. Mudzi wa Sānyáng uli m’munsi mwa phiri la Yínpíngshān (1411 m) — limodzi mwa malo aatali kwambiri m’chigawo.
Kutalika: 500–1200 m. Zopangira zabwino kwambiri — zochokera m’minda ya pamwamba pa mapiri a Yínpíngshān.
Nthaka: Nthaka zofiira ndi zachikasu za laterite, zachonde, zokh ndi kukhetsa bwino. Ma reaction a acidic (pH ~4.5–5.5).
Nyengo: Ya subtropical monsoon, pafupifupi pachaka ~18–20°C, mvula ~1700 mm/pachaka. Chifunga chambiri, mitambo, madzi ochuluka a akasupe.
Zotsatira: Khalidwe lotsitsimula, la maluwa oyera; thupi lapakati; fungo la mume — loyera komanso lopepuka, lopanda kulemera kwa mchere.

Wǔyí Shān — Méi Zhàn wa miyala (Mǐnběi style)

Maonekedwe a Malo: Mphepete za miyala ya mchenga wamkuwa wa quartz (丹霞, Dānxiá), zigwa zapakati pa miyala ndi makorongo (坑涧, kēngjiàn). Zitsamba zimamera m’ming’alu ya miyala ndi m’zigwa zopapatiza za mapiri.
Kutalika: 300–700 m.
Nthaka: Zotuluka kuchokera ku miyala yophulika — zolemera ndi chitsulo, manganese, zinc. pH 4.5–5.5.
Nyengo: Pafupifupi pachaka ~18°C, chinyontho chachibale >80%, chifunga chambiri, kuwala kobalalika.
Zotsatira: “Nyimbo ya miyala” ya mchere (岩韵, Yán Yùn) — thupi lolimba, kukoma kwautali. Fungo la mume ndi maluwa limapeza kuya kwa “mwala” ndi mawonekedwe a zipatso zouma ndi zonunkhira.

5. Ukadaulo Wopanga:

Ukadaulo umasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi kalembedwe ka dera.

Wǔyí Méi Zhàn (kalembedwe ka yán chá)

Kututa (采摘, cǎi zhāi): Pamanja, mphukira zofewa.
Kufowoketsa Padzuwa (日光萎凋, rìguāng wěidiāo): Mphindi 30–60. Chofunikira chachikulu cha Méi Zhàn — amalimbikitsa kufowoketsa mwamphamvu (重晒, zhòng shài) kuti avumbulutse fungo ndikuchotsa khalidwe la udzu.
Kugwedeza / Kugwedeza pang’ono (做青, zuò qīng): Mizunguliro 4–5 ndikupuma pakati, nthawi yonse maola 8–14. Okisijeni 40–70%. Kugwedeza kumakhala kopepuka (轻摇, qīng yáo) kuti atsimikize kupesa kwathunthu popanda kuwononga masamba osalimba.
Kukhazikitsa (杀青, shā qīng): Kuwotcha kwakukulu kwa kutentha mu ng’oma kapena wok.
Kukulunga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kukulunga m’kutali — mawonekedwe a “zazingwe” (条索, tiáosuǒ) odziwika a yán chá.
Kuwotcha ndi Makala (焙火, bèi huǒ): Kwapakati–kwamphamvu, pamakala a lóngyǎn (龙眼). Mizunguliro 1–3 ndikupuma kuti “abwezeretse chinyontho” (回润, huí rùn). Gawo ili limawonjezera mawonekedwe a caramel, mtedza ndi chokoleti.
Kupuma / Kusunga (陈化 / 退火, tuì huǒ): Miyezi 1–3 kuti “mutonthozere moto” — khalidwe lotentha, lakuthwa la tiyi watsopano wootchedwa limafewetsedwa, kukoma kumakhala kozungulira.

Ānxī Méi Zhàn (kalembedwe ka Mǐnnán)

Magulu 1–4 ndi ofanana, koma ndi kusiyana:

Okisijeni — 15–35% (yofooka kwambiri).
Kufowoketsa kumatha kukhala kwamthunzi (阴干萎凋).

Kukulunga: Kupanga ndi nsalu (包揉, bāoróu) — zigawo (ma granule), monga Tiě Guānyīn.
Kuyanika: Kuyanika kopepuka ndi mpweya kapena popanda kuwotcha — kuti pakhale kutsitsimula kwakukulu.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:

Wǔyí Méi Zhàn

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: “Zazingwe” zokulungidwa m’kutali (条索), zazikulu, ndi matsinde aatali ndi mfundo zazitali pakati pa masamba zowonekera — chizindikiro cha cultivar. Mtundu — woderapo kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe ofiira.
Fungo la tsamba louma: Mume pa maziko a mchere, caramel, zipatso zouma ndi mawonekedwe opepuka a utsi owotcha. Mawonekedwe a zonunkhira — sinamoni, cloves, nyenyezi ya tsabola.
Fungo la madzi: Lamphamvu komanso losanjikiza: choyamba — mume wamaluwa; chachiwiri — mchere, mtedza wowotcha, uchi wakuda; chachitatu — kutentha kotsalira kowotcha. Ndikutsegula kulikonse, mbali zatsopano zimawululidwa.
Kukoma: Kolimba, kwamafuta, kokhala ndi mchere wowonekera (岩韵). Mawonekedwe a mume, chokoleti chowawa, mtedza wa walnut, uchi wa chestnut. Kukoma kotsatira — kwautali, kotentha, ndi kutsekemera kobwerera kwake (回甘, huígān). Thupi — lodzaza, “lomamatira.”
Mtundu wa madzi: Amber wakuda, wofiira-nthuchi, wakuya ndi wowonekera.
Pansi pa tiyi: Masamba akuluakulu okhala ndi m’mphepete mofiira-nthuchi ndi pakati kobiriwira — choyera cha “pakati kobiriwira, m’mphepete mofiira” (绿底红边, lǜ dǐ hóng biān) cha yán chá.

Ānxī Méi Zhàn

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Ma granule a theka lozungulira, obiriwira okhala ndi timadontho ta bulauni. Aakulu ndi okhwima kuposa a Tiě Guānyīn, chifukwa cha tsamba lalikulu ndi mfundo zazitali pakati pa masamba.
Fungo la tsamba louma: Mume watsopano, orchid, pichesi, uchi wopepuka wamaluwa. Popanda mchere ndi utsi — khalidwe loyera, la “dzuwa.”
Fungo la madzi: Lodziwika bwino la maluwa ndi zipatso — pichesi, apurikoti, uchi wa akasiya. Fungo la mume — lowala, osati lakuda.
Kukoma: Kofewa, kotsekemera pang’ono, kwa maluwa ndi zipatso. Thupi lapakati. Kukometsa kopepuka. Kukoma kotsatira — kotsitsimula, kwa maluwa, popanda kulemera kwa mchere.
Mtundu wa madzi: Wachikasu chopepuka, wagolide-wobiriwira, wowonekera.
Pansi pa tiyi: Masamba athunthu obiriwira okhala ndi m’mphepete mofiira kopepuka.

7. Kapangidwe ka Chemical:

Zowerengera zenizeni za kapangidwe ka Méi Zhàn zinapezeka posanthula mphukira za m’masika (一芽二叶, mphukira imodzi — masamba awiri):

Polyphenols (tiyi polyphenols): ~27.5% ya kulemera kowuma — kuposa pakati pa oolong a ku Fujian. Zomwe zili ndi katekini — ~18.1%. Mu mtundu wa Wǔyí, ndi okisijeni wapamwamba, gawo lina la katekini limasinthidwa kukhala theaflavins ndi thearubigins, zomwe zimapanga kuya kwa kukoma ndi mtundu wa amber wa madzi.
Amino acid: ~3.6% ya kulemera kowuma. L-theanine — gawo lalikulu; limapangitsa kutsekemera komanso mphamvu yopumulitsa.
Alkaloids: Khofiini — ~4.4% (wapamwamba kuposa pakati — mphamvu yotsitsimula yowonekera). Theobromine ndi theophylline — m’milingo yochepa.
Mafuta ofunikira: Kuchuluka kwakukulu — chizindikiro chachikulu cha cultivar. Benzaldehyde ndi benzyl alcohol (mawonekedwe a mume, amondi), linalool ndi geraniol (amaluwa), methyl salicylate (kutsitsimuka, mawonekedwe a “wobiriwira m’nyengo yozizira”). Ndiwo mafuta ofunikira omwe amapanga fungo lodziwika la “mume,” losazindikirika lolakwitsa Méi Zhàn kuchokera ku oolong ena aku Fujian.
Mavitamini: C, gulu B (B₁, B₂), E, K.
Mchere: Potaziyamu, fluoride, maganeziyamu, manganese, zinc. Mu mtundu wa Wǔyí — kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chifukwa cha mchenga wofiira.

8. Ubwino Wathanzi:

Chitetezo cha Antioxidant: Kuchuluka kwa polyphenols (27.5%) kumapereka mphamvu yodziwika ya antioxidant. Mu mtundu wa Wǔyí, theaflavins amathandizanso.
Mphamvu Yotsitsimula ndi Yopumulitsa: Kuphatikiza kwa khofiini (kuchuluka, ~4.4%) ndi L-theanine kumapereka chisangalalo champhamvu koma chosadetsa nkhawa. L-theanine imachepetsa mphamvu yosangalatsa ya khofiini ndipo imathandiza kupanga mafunde a alpha a ubongo.
Kuthandiza Chigayo: Mtundu wa Wǔyí, chifukwa cha kupesa kwakuya ndi kuwotcha, umalimbikitsidwa makamaka pambuyo pa zakudya zamafuta ndi zolemera. Wa Ānxī — ndi woyenera kumwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Mphamvu Yotenthetsa: Wǔyí Méi Zhàn wowotchedwa — ndi tiyi wabwino kwambiri wa m’nyengo yozizira, wotenthetsa ndi wopumulitsa.
Kuthandiza Mtima ndi Mitsempha ya Magazi: Polyphenols amathandiza kuchepetsa mulingo wa LDL-cholesterol ndikulimbitsa makoma a mitsempha.
Mphamvu ya Aromatherapy: Fungo la mume wa mume limapereka mphamvu yotonthoza ndi yokongoletsa mwaulemu — m’mwambo wa China, fungo la mume limalumikizidwa ndi ulemu ndi kuyera kwa mzimu.
Kuthandiza Kagayidwe: Polyphenols ndi khofiini zimathandiza kugawa mafuta ndikuyambitsa njira za kagayidwe.

9. Kuphika:

Chizindikiro	Wǔyí (yán chá)	Ānxī (Mǐnnán)
Kutentha	90–98°C	85–92°C
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi	5–7 g / 120 ml	5–7 g / 150 ml
Kutsuka koyamba	masekondi 10–15	masekondi 30–45
Kuchuluka kwa kutsuka	6–9	5–7
Chombo	Mtsuko wa Yixing (dongo, lokonzedwera ku yán chá), gaiwan	Gaiwan ya porcelain

Ndondomeko (Njira ya Gongfu):

Tenthetsani chombo ndi madzi otentha.
Thirani tiyi, muzipumira fungo louma kudzera pachivundikiro chotenthedwa.
Kutsuka kochapa — thirani ndipo tsitsani nthawi yomweyo.
Kutsuka koyamba — onani tebulo.
Kutsuka kotsatira — ndikuwonjezera nthawi ndi masekondi 5–15.
Wǔyí Méi Zhàn wabwino amatha kupirira kutsuka 8–9, kuwulula mbali zosiyanasiyana pa gawo lililonse.

10. Kusunga:

Wǔyí (wotenthedwa): Chotengera chosindikizika, chosawonekera (botolo lachitsulo, thumba la zojambulazo), malo ozizira amdima. Nthawi — miyezi 12–24; pambuyo pa “kutonthoza moto” (patapita miyezi 1–3 mutawotcha), tiyi amafika pachimake cha kukoma. Kuwotchanso kumatha kutalikitsa moyo.
Ānxī (wopepuka): Mufiriji (0–5°C), phukusi lopanda mpweya, losiyana ndi zakudya. Nthawi — miyezi 6–12.
Adani onse: Kuwala, chinyontho, kutentha, mpweya, fungo lachilendo.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Méi Zhàn Oolong amakhala m’gulu la mtengo wapakati–wapamwamba. Mtundu wa Wǔyí yán chá ndi wokwera mtengo — “malipiro a miyala” ndi kuchuluka kochepa. Ānxī — ndi wotsika mtengo, makamaka kuchokera m’minda ya m’chigwa. Mitengo yakale (老枞) m’magawo onse awiri — ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa yobzalidwa yatsopano.

Momwe mungazindikire chonyenga:

Fungo lodziwika la mume ndi maluwa — chizindikiro cha cultivar. Popanda icho — si Méi Zhàn, koma mtundu wina.
Masamba athunthu, oumbidwa bwino: “zazingwe” (Wǔyí) kapena theka lozungulira (Ānxī). Aakulu, okhala ndi mfundo zazitali pakati pa masamba — chizindikiro cha mawonekedwe a Méi Zhàn.
Madzi — oyera, owonekera, kuyambira wachikasu chopepuka (Ānxī) mpaka amber wakuda (Wǔyí).
Gulani kwa ogulitsa apadera omwe amatchula dera lenileni lochokera.
Mtengo wotsika kwambiri — chifukwa chosamala: pansi pa dzina la Méi Zhàn, nthawi zambiri amagulitsa mitundu ina yochepa mtengo.

12. Mfundo Zosangalatsa:

“Mtundu Wobisalira”: Kuchokera ku Méi Zhàn amapanga oolong, tiyi wofiira (Méi Zhàn Hóng Chá, 梅占红茶 — kuphatikiza mu kalembedwe ka Jīn Jùn Méi, 金骏眉), tiyi woyera (Méi Zhàn Bái Chá) ndi wobiriwira (Bái Máo Hóu, 白毛猴, “Nyani Woyera”). Méi Zhàn Hóng Chá amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa zopangira zabwino kwambiri za Báilín Gōngfu (白琳工夫) — tiyi wofiira wachikale wa ku Fujian.
Mume (Prunus mume) — ndi umodzi mwa zomera “zaulemu zinayi” (四君子, sì jūnzǐ) pamodzi ndi orchid, nsungwi ndi krisanthemamu. Iwo amaphuka kumapeto kwa dzinja, pamene mitengo ina ikadali m’tulo, — chizindikiro cha kulimba mtima ndi kuyera kwa mzimu. Fungo la Méi Zhàn — ndi chithunzithunzi cha fanizo la chikhalidwe ichi.
Mu 1923, Sūn Zhōngshān mwiniyo anathokoza chifukwa cha mphatso ya tiyi wa Méi Zhàn — uwu ndi umodzi mwa tiyi ochepa a ku China omwe kulumikizana kwawo ndi tate wa Republic of China kuli ndi umboni wolembedwa.
Wolemba ndakatulo wa kumapeto kwa mzera wa Qīng, Lín Hènián, mbadwa ya ku Lútián, anapereka mizere yoperekedwa kwa Méi Zhàn, yochitira umboni kuti m’zaka za zana la 19, cultivar inali yofala kwambiri kuposa momwe ilili tsopano, — mitengo makumi masauzande inaphimba mapiri.
Wǔyí Méi Zhàn ndi “wokondedwa mwakachetechete” wa akatswiri a yán chá: poyesa kosadziwika, chikhalidwe chake chodziwika bwino cha mtundu nthawi zambiri chimawonekera mosiyana ndi ena ngakhale pakati pa Ròu Guì wamphamvu ndi Shuǐ Xiān wakuya.

13. Kufanizira ndi Oolong Ena a ku Fujian:

Chizindikiro	Méi Zhàn (梅占)	Tiě Guānyīn (铁观音)	Ròu Guì (肉桂)	Shuǐ Xiān (水仙)
Fungo Lodziwika	Mume, uchi	Orchid, kirimu	Sinamoni, zonunkhira	Narcissus, mafuta
Kalembedwe	Ānxī / yán chá	Ānxī (mitundu yosiyanasiyana)	Yán chá yokha	Yán chá / Zhāngpíng
Kusinthasintha	Kwakukulu kwambiri (oolong, wofiira, wobiriwira, woyera)	Kwapakati (oolong yekha)	Kochepa (yán chá yokha)	Kwapakati (yán chá + Zhāngpíng)
Maonekedwe	Mtengo wamtali, mfundo zazitali pakati pa masamba	Chitsamba, chophatikizana	Chitsamba, chapakati	Mtengo, wamkulu-masamba
Kuchedwetsa Kupsa	Wochedwa (+7–10 masiku vs TGY)	Wokhazikika	Wokhazikika	Wokhazikika
Kuchuluka kwa Khofiini	~4.4% (wapamwamba)	~3–3.5%	~3–3.5%	~2.5–3%

14. Zosiyana Zomwe Zingachitike:

Kusalolera kwake.
Kukula kwa gastritis kapena zilonda zam’mimba — makamaka mosamala ndi mtundu wa Wǔyí pa njala.
Kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi khofiini, kusowa tulo — kuchuluka kwa khofiini ndi kwapamwamba kuposa pafupifupi (4.4%).
Pakati ndi nthawi yoyamwitsa — kumwa mochepa.
Kumwa mankhwala achitsulo — polyphenols amachepetsa kuyamwa.

Pomaliza:

Méi Zhàn ndi tiyi wa iwo amene amakonda pamene mtundu uli ndi “mawu.” Fungo lake la mume ndi maluwa — si fungo losadziwika la maluwa, koma mawonekedwe enieni, odziwika, omwe amadutsa m’mitundu yonse ya kukonza: oolong wopepuka wa Ānxī, yán chá wamphamvu wa Wǔyí, tiyi wofiira wolemera. Uwu ndi wobisalira wokhala ndi chikhalidwe: amasintha kalembedwe, koma samadzitaya. Kupitirira zaka mazana awiri zakale, Méi Zhàn wayenda kuchokera ku mphukira yopanda dzina m’minda ya mapiri a Sānyáng kupita ku mtundu wovomerezedwa mwalamulo wa dziko, kuchoka ku mphatso ya wapaulendo kwa mlimi woyamika mpaka chopereka kwa tate wa Republic of China. Kwa wokonda, kufunafuna china chopitirira “gulu lalikulu” (Tiě Guānyīn, Dà Hóng Páo, Ròu Guì), Méi Zhàn ndi kupeza koyenera: mtundu umene fungo la mume wa m’nyengo yozizira ndi mbiri ya zaka mazana awiri zilukidwa pamodzi mwamphamvu moti sikutheka kusiyanitsa chimodzi ndi chinzake.