Tiyi Yobiriwira ya Zinjoka Zisanu ndi Chimodzi

Liùlóng Lǜchá (六龙绿茶, Liùlóng lǜchá) — “Tiyi Yobiriwira ya Zinjoka Zisanu ndi Chimodzi” — ndi tiyi waphiri lalitali wobiriwira wochokera ku boma la Nandan (南丹县, Nándān Xiàn), mzinda wa Hechi (河池市, Héchí Shì), m’chigawo cha Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Dzina lakuti “六龙” (“Zinjoka Zisanu ndi Chimodzi”) lachokera mu “Buku la Kusintha” (“Yijing”, 《易经》, Yìjīng): “时乘六龙以御天” — “M’nthawi yake, atakwera Zinjoka Zisanu ndi Chimodzi, [wanzeru] amayang’anira Kumwamba”. Dzinali linaperekedwa m’chaka cha 1932 ndi Jenerali Mo Shujie (莫树杰, Mò Shùjié), mtsogoleri wa asilikali a ku Guixi, amene atapuma pantchito anabwerera kwawo kumudzi wa Longma (龙马村, Lóngmǎ Cūn, “Mudzi wa Chinjoka ndi Hachi”) nakhazikitsa munda wa tiyi wotchedwa “Zihua Gongyuan” (子华公园, Zǐhuá Gōngyuán). Tiyiyu amalimidwa kumwera kwa mapiri a Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (云贵高原, Yún-Guì Gāoyuán) pa utali wa 800–1000 m, pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wamkulu wamasamba a Yunnan (云南大叶种, Yúnnán Dàyè Zhǒng), ndipo amapangidwa m’mawonekedwe asanu osiyanasiyana pansi pa chizindikiro chofanana cha “六龙”. Mu 2022, tiyiyu adalandira udindo wa chizindikiro cha malo a ku China.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), wosaphika. Njira yophatikizana: kuwotcha + kuyanika (烘炒结合, hōng chǎo jiéhé). Mitundu isanu yopangidwa: lathyathyathya (扁形, biǎnxíng — “Gongpǐn Chá” ndi “Cuìpiàn Chá”), losongoka ngati singano (针形, zhēnxíng — “Yù Yá Chá”), lopota mozungulira (卷曲形, juǎnqū xíng — “Báiháo Chá”), lopota mosalala (细卷形, xì juǎn xíng — “Yúnjiān Chá”). Mulingo wa kusaphika ndi 0%.

• Gulu: Chogulitsa chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo a ku China (国家农产品地理标志产品, Guójiā Nóngchǎnpǐn Dìlǐ Biāozhì Chǎnpǐn, 2022). Mendulo ya golidi pa Chiwonetsero cha Tiyi cha Padziko Lonse cha Chengdu (成都国际茶博会金奖, Chéngdū Guójì Chá Bóhuì Jīn Jiǎng, 2011 — mzere wa “Báiháo Chá”). Mendulo ya siliva — mzere wa “Cuìpiàn Chá”. Kuchuluka kwa zokolola pachaka (mpaka 2025) — pafupifupi matani 2250.

• Chiyambi: China, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (广西壮族自治区, Guǎngxī Zhuàngzú Zìzhìqū), mzinda wa Hechi (河池市, Héchí Shì), boma la Nandan (南丹县, Nándān Xiàn). Dera lopangira limakhudza matauni 5 ndi midzi 70. Pakatikati pali tawuni ya Liuzhai (六寨镇, Liùzhài Zhèn) ndi mudzi wa Longma (龙马村, Lóngmǎ Cūn, “Mudzi wa Chinjoka ndi Hachi”) — amene amatengedwa ngati “chiyambi” cha Liùlóng Lǜchá.

• Ma coordinate: Pafupifupi 25°00′ Kumpoto, 107°30′ Kum’mawa.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

• Zaka 800 — nthawi ya olamulira a Mo Tusi. Pafupifupi zaka 800 zapitazo, mu nthawi ya dongosolo la tusi (土司制度, tǔsī zhìdù, olamulira obadwira komweko), banja la Mo (莫氏土司, Mò Shì Tǔsī) linayamba kulima tiyi m’mudzi wa Longma. Kwa zaka mazana angapo, banja la Mo linali olamulira obadwira a dera la Nandan, ndipo ulimi wa tiyi unakhala gawo la chuma chake mothandizidwa ndi iwo.

• 1932 — Jenerali Mo Shujie. Jenerali Mo Shujie (莫树杰), mbadwa ya banja la Mo, amene anatumikira monga mtsogoleri wa asilikali a ku Guixi (桂系部队), atapuma pantchito anabwerera kwawo kumudzi wa Longma nakhazikitsa munda wokongola wa tiyi wotchedwa “Zihua Gongyuan” (子华公园) wokhala ndi mitengo ya tiyi yosankhidwa bwino. Iye anapatsa tiyiyu dzina lakuti “六龙” — “Zinjoka Zisanu ndi Chimodzi” — potengera chithunzi chochokera mu “Buku la Kusintha” (《易经》): “时乘六龙以御天” — “M’nthawi yake, atakwera Zinjoka Zisanu ndi Chimodzi, [wanzeru] amayang’anira Kumwamba”. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zochitika zochepa m’mbiri ya ulimi wa tiyi wa ku China pomwe dzina la tiyi linaperekedwa ndi msilikali, potengera buku lofunika kwambiri la filosofi.

• Zaka za m’ma 1960 — kupangidwa kwa malo opangira tiyi. M’mudzi wa Longma, malo opangira tiyi anakhazikitsidwa, mitundu inawongoleredwa ndipo minda inakulitsidwa.

• 2011–2022 — kuzindikirika. 2011 — Mendulo ya golidi pa Chiwonetsero cha Tiyi cha Padziko Lonse cha Chengdu (mzere wa “Báiháo Chá”). 2022 — udindo wa chizindikiro cha malo a ku China (国家农产品地理标志产品).

• Dzina la tiyi — kusanthula. 六龙 (Liùlóng) — “Zinjoka Zisanu ndi Chimodzi”. Mu “Yijing”, zizindikiro zisanu ndi chimodzi za hexagram ya Qian (乾卦, Qián Guà, “Chilengedwe”, hexagram yoyamba) zimayimira magawo asanu ndi limodzi a chitukuko cha Chinjoka — kuyambira pobisala mpaka pouluka kumwamba. “Kukwera Zinjoka Zisanu ndi Chimodzi” (乘六龙) kumatanthauza kulamulira mphamvu za chilengedwe chonse, kukhala mogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. 绿茶 (Lǜchá) — “Tiyi Wobiriwira”. Tanthauzo lonse la ndakatulo: “Tiyi wobiriwira wonyamula mgwirizano wa chilengedwe wa Zinjoka Zisanu ndi Chimodzi”.

• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe. Boma la Nandan ndi malo okhala mitundu yambiri ya anthu — Zhuang (壮族), Yao (瑶族), Miao (苗族), Mulam (仫佬族) ndi ena. Tiyi wa “六龙” ndi gawo la chikhalidwe cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana cha kuchereza alendo: amagawidwa kwa alendo m’magulu onse, mosasamala kanthu za fuko lawo. Mudzi wa Longma, wotchedwa “Mudzi wa Chinjoka ndi Hachi”, umalumikiza zizindikiro ziwiri zamphamvu za nthano za ku China — chinjoka (龙, mphamvu) ndi hachi (马, liwiro), zomwe zimapereka malowa chikhalidwe chapadera.

3. Kufotokoza Kwambiri ndi Zopangira:

• Mtundu: Camellia sinensis var. assamica (mtundu wamkulu wamasamba a ku Yunnan).

• Mtundu wa mbewu: Yunnan Daye Zhong (云南大叶种, Yúnnán Dàyè Zhǒng) — ndi pafupifupi 80% ya minda. Mtundu wokhala ngati mtengo (乔木型, qiáomù xíng), wamasamba akuluakulu (大叶, dàyè). Mitengo ya tiyi ya zaka 30+ ndi kupitirira. Imadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa polyphenols (≥28.3% mu tsamba latsopano) ndi mphukira yaikulu, yokhala ndi tsitsi loyera lambiri. Kasamalidwe ka minda: kuletsa kwathunthu mankhwala ophera tizilombo, manyowa okhawo achilengedwe (zigoba, phulusa). Mitengo yakalekale imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri.

• Kututa: Kumayambiriro kwa masika, nthawi yayikulu ndi isanafike Guyu (谷雨, Gǔyǔ). Muyeso wa kututa umadalira mzere: kwa “Gongpǐn Chá” — mphukira imodzi kapena mphukira imodzi + tsamba limodzi; kwa “Báiháo Chá” ndi “Yúnjiān Chá” — mphukira imodzi + tsamba limodzi kapena awiri. Zopangira zimatutidwa ndi dzanja.

• Mizere isanu:

  • Gongpǐn Chá (贡品茶, Gòngpǐn Chá, “Msonkho wa Mfumu”): Kupangidwa mmalo mwa dzanja, mawonekedwe lathyathyathya. Fungo — ngati nyemba (豆香, dòuxiāng). Amatengedwa ngati “tiyi wamutu” (头茶, tóuchá) — kututa koyamba, kopambana kwambiri. Mzere wapamwamba kwambiri.
  • Yù Yá Chá (玉芽茶, Yù Yá Chá, “Mphukira ya Jade”): Mphukira imodzi, mawonekedwe onga singano. Mukawaphika mu kapu yagalasi yowonekera, amawonetsa “三起三落” (sān qǐ sān luò, “kukwera katatu — kutsika katatu”): mphukira zimayandama katatu pamwamba ndikutsika, kenako zimayima chokhazikika pansi pa kapu — mawonedwe ofanana ndi Junshan Yinzhen (君山银针) yochokera ku Hunan. Kukoma — kotsekemera.
  • Cuìpiàn Chá (翠片茶, Cuìpiàn Chá, “Kachidutswa ka Jade”): Mawonekedwe lathyathyathya, mtundu wobiriwira wonyezimira. Fungo lokhazikika, latsopano. Mendulo ya siliva pa ziwonetsero zapadziko lonse.
  • Báiháo Chá (白毫茶, Báiháo Chá, “Tiyi wa Tsitsi Loyera”): Mawonekedwe opota mozungulira, tsitsi loyera lambiri. Chotsukidwa — chobiriwira chonyezimira. Mendulo ya golidi pa Chiwonetsero cha Chengdu 2011.
  • Yúnjiān Chá (云尖茶, Yúnjiān Chá, “Nsonga ya Mitambo”): Mapotokotali osalala. Fungo — ngati maluwa a orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng). Mzere wokometsetsa kwambiri potengera mbali ya fungo.

4. Malo ndi Zikhalidwe za Kulima:

• Nyengo: Kummwera kwa mapiri a Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (云贵高原). Kutentha kwapakati pachaka — 17.2°C. Mvula yapachaka — 1470 mm. Mitambo — masiku opitirira 180 pachaka. Kuwala kobalalika kumakhala pafupifupi 70% ya kuwala konse — mulingo wapamwamba, womwe umathandizira kupanga ma amino acid. Kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku — kupitirira 10°C — ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga shuga ndi zinthu zopangira fungo.

• Utali: 800–1000 m — tiyi wa mapiri aatali malinga ndi miyezo ya Guangxi.

• Nthaka: Nthaka zofiira za mchenga ndi miyala (赤色砂砾岩风化土, chìsè shālì yán fēnghuà tǔ), zopangidwa pa miyala yofiira yothyoka. pH 4.5–6.5. Mlingo wa selenium (Se) — 0.018–0.066 mg/kg — wokulirapo ndi kawiri kawiri kuposa tiyi wamba wobiriwira waku China. Mbiri yapadera ya mchere nthaka imathandizira pa kumveketsa kwa “chiyambi cha miyala” (岩韵, yányùn) — kakomedwe kopepuka ka mchere, kamene kamapezeka kwambiri mu oolong a ku Wuyi, koma apa kali mu tiyi wobiriwira.

• Zachilengedwe: Kubisala kwa nkhalango — 90% — mmodzi mwa milingo yapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa madera onse a tiyi a ku China. Palibe kuipitsidwa ndi mafakitale. Kuteteza kwachilengedwe ku tizilombo (popanda mankhwala, ndi kukopa adani achilengedwe) kumawonjezera kusiyanasiyana kwa zamoyo m’minda pafupifupi 50%.

5. Njira Zopangira:

Njira yophatikizana: kuwotcha + kuyanika (烘炒结合, hōng chǎo jiéhé). Zinthu zambiri zimasintha malinga ndi mzere, koma ndondomeko yonse imakhala:

• Kuyala (摊放, tānfàng): Zotsutidwa zatsopano zimayalidwa pa zosefera za nsungwi. Nthaŵi — maola 4–16 — yayitali modabwitsa kwa tiyi wobiriwira. Kuyala kowonjezereka kumathandizira kuti mapuloteni aphwanyike bwino ndi kutulutsa ma amino acid aulere ndi kukoma kotsekemera. Ndilo siteji imeneyi imene imayika maziko a kukoma kotsekemera kofewa (甘醇, gānchún).

• “Kupha zobiriwira” (杀青, shāqīng): Kuwotcha mwamsanga pa kutentha kwakukulu (pafupifupi 300°C) motsatira mfundo ya “高温短时” (gāowēn duǎnshí, “kutentha kwakukulu — nthaŵi yochepa”). Imaletsa ma oxidase, ndikusunga mtundu wobiriwira. Kuchepetsa kukoma kwa udzu ndi pafupifupi 30%.

• Kupota (揉捻, róuniǎn): Motsatira mfundo ya “kofewa → kwamphamvu → kofewa” (轻→重→轻, qīng → zhòng → qīng). Gawo loyamba — kutulutsa madzi a m’masamba mosamala popanda kuwononga kapangidwe ka tsamba; chachiwiri — kuumirira kwakukulu; chachitatu — kuwongolera kupanikizika kwa mawonekedwe omaliza.

• Kuyanika koyamba (初烘, chū hōng): Pa 120°C — kuchotsa chinyezi chochuluka ndi kukhazikitsa mbali ya fungo.

• Kuyanika komaliza (复烘, fù hōng): Pa 90°C mpaka chinyezi ≤6%. Kumatsimikizira kukhazikika posungira.

Kwa mzere wa “Gongpǐn Chá” — kupangidwa mmalo mwa dzanja ndi siteji yowonjezera ya kuumiriza mawonekedwe lathyathyathya lokhala ngati mphanga. Kwa “Yù Yá Chá” — kupota pang’ono kuti mphukira imodzi isawonongeke.

6. Zomvera ndi Zowona:

• Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Amadalira mzere (mawonekedwe 5). Khalidwe lofanana — mtundu wobiriwira wonyezimira (翠绿, cuìlǜ) wokhala ndi tsitsi loyera lambiri (显毫, xiǎnháo). “Gongpǐn Chá” — lathyathyathya, tinyalatsi tinyinyirika; “Yù Yá Chá” — singano zosalala; “Báiháo Chá” — mapoto opota mozungulira, okutidwa ndi tsitsi; “Yúnjiān Chá” — mapotokotali osalala, okongola.

• Fungo la tsamba louma: Loyera (清香, qīngxiāng) — khalidwe wamba. Ngati nyemba (豆香, dòuxiāng) — kwa “Gongpǐn Chá”. Ngati maluwa a orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng) — kwa “Yúnjiān Chá”. Ngati mtedza wa chestnut (栗香, lìxiāng) — kwa mtundu woyamba. Fungo pa chikho chozizira limakhalapo kwa mphindi zopitirira 15 — chizindikiro cha khalidwe lalikulu.

• Fungo la chotsukidwa: Losanjikana, lomwe limadalira mzere. Chofunikira kwambiri — kubiriwira koyera ndi katsitsi kosiyanasiyana, kuyambira ngati nyemba mpaka ngati maluwa a orchid. Khalidwe la fungo ndi lokhazikika.

• Kukoma: Kwatsopano (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng). Kotsekemera kofewa (甘醇, gānchún). Kutsekemera kobwerera (回甘) — kokhazikika ndi kosatha, kokhala ndi “kuzizira kwa mapiri aatali” (高山韵清凉感, gāoshān yùn qīngliáng gǎn) — kumverera kwa kuzizira pang’ono ngati menthol pa lilime, komwe kumakhala kwachibadwa kwa tiyi wamapiri. “岩韵” (yányùn, “chiyambi cha miyala”) chopepuka — kakomedwe ka mchere, kobwera chifukwa cha nthaka zofiira za miyala. Kuwawa n’kochepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid (≥5.2%).

• Mtundu wa chotsukidwa: Wobiriwira wonyezimira (碧绿明亮, bìlǜ míngliàng) — kwa mtundu wapamwamba. Wobiriwira wachikasu — woyamba. Kuwonekera bwino kwambiri.

• Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa): Lobiriwira kofewa, lochuluka komanso lamphamvu, lokhala “ngati maluwa” (嫩绿匀亮，肥壮成朵, nèn lǜ yún liàng, féizhuàng chéng duǒ). Mkhalidwe wamasamba akuluakulu wa mtundu wa Yunnan umawonekera bwino m’masamba otambasuka — amakhala ochindikala komanso onyentchera kuposa tiyi wa masamba aang’ono.

7. Zopangidwa ndi Mankhwala:

• Ma Amino Acid (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): ≥5.2% — okulirapo ndi 15% kuposa tiyi wobiriwira wa m’zigwa. Zotsatira za kuphatikiza kwa nyengo yamapiri aatali (kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku >10°C, kuwala kobalalika 70%) ndi kuyala kwanthaŵi yayitali (mpaka maola 16). Chigawo chachikulu ndi L-theanine, chomwe chimapangitsa kukoma kwamtengo wapatali ndi kutsekemera kofewa.

• Polyphenols (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Pafupifupi 28.3% mu tsamba latsopano; pambuyo pa kuwotcha — mpaka pafupifupi 38% monga zinthu zochotsedwa (kwa mitundu yowotchedwa). Mulingo wapamwamba, wachibadwa kwa mtundu wamkulu wamasamba a Yunnan (C. sinensis var. assamica). Gawo lalikulu ndi ma catechin, omwe amapereka mphamvu yaikulu ya antioxidant.

• Selenium (Se): 0.018–0.066 mg/kg — wokulirapo ndi kawiri kawiri kuposa tiyi wamba wobiriwira. Zimadza chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka nthaka zofiira za miyala ku Nandan.

• Caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn): 3–4% ya kulemera kwouma — kopambana pang’ono kuposa tiyi wobiriwira wa masamba aang’ono, zomwe n’zachibadwa kwa mtundu wamkulu wamasamba. Zimapereka mphamvu, koma yofewa.

• Mavitamini: Vitamini C — wochuluka, wosungidwa bwino chifukwa cha kusaphika pang’ono. Mavitamini a gulu B (B1, B2), vitamini E (ma tocopherol).

• Mchere: Potaziyamu, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc. Selenium — wowonjezeka (onani pamwambapa).

• Mafuta onunkhira (芳香物质): Mbiri yolemera, yosiyana malinga ndi mizere. Linalool, geraniol (manunkhira a orchid a “Yúnjiān Chá”), cis-3-hexenol (kubiriwira kwatsopano), furfural (mawonekedwe a mtedza wa chestnut), 2-acetylpyrrole (fungo la nyemba la “Gongpǐn Chá”).

8. Ubwino wa Zomwe Zimathandiza:

• Ntchito ya antioxidant. Mulingo wapamwamba wa polyphenols (~38% mu mitundu yowotchedwa) kuphatikiza ndi selenium kumapereka mphamvu yaikulu kwambiri ya antioxidant pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira. EGCG imachotsa ma free radicals; selenium imathandizira ntchito ya glutathione peroxidase.

• Mphamvu yolimbitsa thupi. Caffeine (3–4%) kuphatikiza ndi L-theanine zimapereka mphamvu popanda nkhaŵa — “mphamvu yofewa” (柔性提神, róuxìng tíshén).

• Kuthandiza kagayidwe ka chakudya. Ma polyphenols amathandizira kagayidwe ka mafuta, ndikuthandiza kuwaphwanya. Caffeine imawonjezeranso kuthamanga kwa kagayidwe koyambira.

• Ntchito yoletsa mabakiteriya. Ma catechin amaletsa kukula kwa Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli ndi tizilombo tina toyambitsa matenda.

• Kuthandiza chitetezo cha m’thupi. Selenium, zinc ndi vitamini C zimagwira ntchito limodzi kulimbitsa ntchito ya chitetezo.

• Kuthandiza dongosolo la mtima ndi magazi. Ma polyphenols ndi flavonoids zimathandizira kuchepetsa mulingo wa cholesterol wa LDL ndi kuwongolera ntchito ya endothelial.

• Kuyeretsedwa kwachilengedwe. Kuletsa kwathunthu mankhwala, kasamalidwe kachilengedwe, 90% ya nkhalango — zinthu zochepa zosokoneza zomwe zimakhudza mankhwalawa.

• Kuthandiza magwiridwe antchito a ubongo. L-theanine (kuchokera mu 5.2% ya ma amino acid) imathandizira mafunde a alpha aubongo, kuwongolera kukumbukira ndi kukhazikika.

9. Kuphika:

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85°C (mtundu wapamwamba — 75°C kuti mukhale ndi kufewa kwakukulu). Mtundu wamkulu wamasamba a Yunnan umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutenthedwa kuposa ting’onoting’ono.

• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml ya madzi (chiŵerengero 1:50).

• Zotengera: Kwa “Yù Yá Chá” (yonga singano) — muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kapu yagalasi yowonekera, kuti muwone “kukwera katatu — kutsika katatu” (三起三落). Kwa mizere ina — kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan yadothi (盖碗, gàiwǎn).

• Ndondomeko:

  1. Tenthetsani chotengeracho ndi madzi otentha, tsanulani.
  2. Ikani 3 g a tiyi.
  3. Tsanulani madzi pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya “kutsanulira kumwamba” (上投法, shàng tóu fǎ): choyamba kutsanulira madzi onse, kenaka kutsitsa tiyi — kwa “Yù Yá Chá” kuti mphukira “zivine” momasuka. Kwa mizere ina — “kutsanulira pakati” wamba (中投法): ½ ya madzi → tiyi → wonjezerani.
  4. Kutsanulira koyamba — kulola mphindi 60–90 (kapu) kapena masekondi 10–15 (gaiwan).
  5. Kutsanulira kotsatira — + masekondi 10 pa chilichonse. Tiyiyo imatha kutsanuliridwa katatu kapena kanayi, ndikuwonetsa kuyambira kutsitsimula mpaka kutsekemera kwakukulu.

10. Kusunga:

• Kusunga kwakukulu. Kutseka momangika, mufiriji pa 0–5°C. Kuteteza ku kuwala, chinyezi, fungo lachilendo ndi mpweya.

• Nthaŵi yosungira. Posungidwa moyenera — mpaka miyezi 12. Pambuyo pakutsegula — agwiritse ntchito mkati mwa miyezi itatu.

• Zotengera. Zachitsulo cha aluminiyamu chokhala ndi pulasitiki mkati kapena zitini zokhala ndi zivundikiro zomangika bwino ndizabwino.

• Zapadera. Mtundu wamkulu wamasamba a Yunnan uli ndi polyphenols ndi caffeine ochuluka kuposa ang’onoang’ono, zomwe zimapereka kukana pang’ono kwa okosijeni posungira — koma sizichotsa kufunikira kotseka momangika ndi kutentha kochepa.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

• Mtundu wa mtengo. Mtundu wapamwamba (特级, “Gongpǐn Chá” ndi “Yù Yá Chá”) — kuyambira 600 yuan pa 500 g (~85 USD). Mtundu woyamba — 200–500 yuan pa 500 g. Mtundu wachiwiri — 80–200 yuan pa 500 g. Zinthu zomwe zimatengera mtengo: mzere (Gongpǐn Chá ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri), nthawi yotuta, zaka za mitengo.

• Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:

  • Gulani ndi chizindikiro cha GU. Tiyi weniweni amadziwika ndi chizindikiro cha “六龙绿茶” (chizindikiro cha malo, 2022).
  • Kuyeza maonekedwe. Mizere isanu iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake. Khalidwe lofanana — mtundu wobiriwira wonyezimira wokhala ndi tsitsi lambiri ndi kunyezimira ngati mafuta. Tiyi wosaoneka bwino, wosasakanikirana ndichifukwa chokayikira.
  • Kuyeza fungo. Liùlóng Lǜchá weniweni ali ndi fungo loyera, lokhazikika (清香), lomwe limakhalapo pa chikho chozizira kwa mphindi zopitirira 15.
  • Kuyang’ana chotsukidwa. Chotsukidwacho — chobiriwira chonyezimira (wapamwamba) kapena chobiriwira chachikasu (choyamba), chowonekera, chowala. Chotsukidwa chosawala ndi chizindikiro cha chinthu chosakhala chabwino.
  • Kuyang’ana kukula kwa masamba. Tiyi weniweni wochokera ku mtundu wamkulu wamasamba a Yunnan amapereka masamba ophikidwa omwe ndi aakulu mowonekera, onyentchera komanso ochindikala kuposa tiyi wa masamba aang’ono. Masamba aang’ono, owonda pansi pa tiyi angasonyeze kusintha kwa mtundu.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

• “Yijing” ndi Jenerali. Dzina lakuti “六龙” — kuchokera mu “Buku la Kusintha”: “时乘六龙以御天”. Linaperekedwa ndi Jenerali Mo Shujie m’chaka cha 1932 — chimodzi mwa zochitika zochepa m’mbiri ya tiyi wa ku China pamene dzina la chakumwa chinaperekedwa ndi msilikali, potengera buku lofunika la filosofi. Zizindikiro za “Zinjoka Zisanu ndi Chimodzi” — kulamulira mphamvu za chilengedwe — zimapereka tiyiyu gawo lapadera la filosofi.

• Mawonekedwe asanu ochokera kumalo amodzi. Gongpǐn (lathyathyathya), Yù Yá (singano), Cuìpiàn (kachidutswa), Báiháo (lopota mozungulira), Yúnjiān (lopota mosalala) — mzere uliwonse uli ndi mbali yake yafungo ndi mawonekedwe ake, ngakhale onse amapangidwa kuchokera ku zopangira zomwezo komanso m’dera limodzi. Kusiyanasiyana kotere kwa mawonekedwe kuchokera kumalo amodzi ndi chinthu chosowa m’dziko la tiyi wobiriwira.

• “Kukwera katatu — kutsika katatu”. Mzere wa “Yù Yá Chá” (“Mphukira ya Jade”) — ndi wokhawo mwa asanuwo, pomwe mukaumwa mu kapu yagalasi yowonekera, mphukira zimayandama katatu pamwamba ndikutsika, kenako zimayima chokhazikika pansi — mawonedwe ofanana ndi Junshan Yinzhen (君山银针) yochokera ku Hunan, imodzi mwa tiyi yotchuka ya “kuvina” ku China.

• 90% ya kubisala kwa nkhalango. Mmodzi mwa milingo yapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa madera onse a tiyi a ku China. Mitengo ya tiyi imamera mkati mwa nkhalango, pamthunzi pang’ono, zomwe zimafotokozera kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid ndi kukoma kofewa.

• Zaka 800 — olamulira a Mo Tusi. Olamulira obadwira a banja la Mo anayamba kulima tiyi m’mudzi wa Longma (“Mudzi wa Chinjoka ndi Hachi”) pafupifupi zaka 800 zapitazo. Jenerali Mo Shujie, amene anapatsa tiyiyu dzina lake lamakono, ndi mbadwa ya banja lomweli, ndipo zimapanga mgwirizano wokhazikika wa zaka mazana asanu ndi atatu “wabanja” pakati pa tiyi ndi malo ake.

13. Kufanizitsa ndi Tiyi Ina Yobiriwira ya Guangxi ndi Tiyi Yamapiri Aatali:

• Lingyun Baihao Cha (凌云白毫茶, Língyún Báiháo Chá). Tiyi wodziwika wobiriwira wa ku Guangxi kuchokera ku boma la Lingyun, nayenso ali ndi udindo wa GU. Kusiyana: “Lingyun” — kuchokera ku mtundu waching’ono wamasamba a kumaloko; “Liùlóng” — kuchokera ku mtundu wamkulu wamasamba a Yunnan. Kukoma kwa “Lingyun” — kofewa komanso ngati maluwa; “Liùlóng” — kolimba, ndi “岩韵” (chiyambi cha miyala). Mawonekedwe: “Lingyun” — makamaka opota mozungulira; “Liùlóng” — mawonekedwe asanu osiyanasiyana.

• Guizhou Duyun Mao Jian (都匀毛尖, Dūyún Máo Jiān). Tiyi wodziwika wobiriwira wochokera ku chigawo chapafupi cha Guizhou, nayenso kuchokera ku mapiri a Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Kusiyana: “Duyun” — kuchokera ku mtundu waching’ono wamasamba, mawonekedwe ngati “nsonga yokhala ndi tsitsi”; “Liùlóng” — mtundu wamkulu wamasamba, mawonekedwe asanu. Fungo la “Duyun” — loyera la “qingxiang” popanda “岩韵”; “Liùlóng” — ndi kakomedwe ka mchere. Tiyi onse amapindula ndi kuwala kobalalika kwa mapiri, koma malowa amasiyana: “Duyun” — nthaka za miyala ya lime; “Liùlóng” — nthaka zofiira za mchenga ndi miyala.

• Mengding Gan Lu (蒙顶甘露, Méngdǐng Gānlù). Tiyi wamapiri aatali wobiriwira wochokera ku Sichuan (1000–1400 m). Kusiyana: “Gan Lu” — mtundu waching’ono wamasamba, mawonekedwe opota pang’ono mozungulira, fungo “lotsekemera ngati mame”; “Liùlóng” — mtundu wamkulu wamasamba, mawonekedwe asanu, “岩韵”. Njira: “Gan Lu” — “三炒三揉” (kuwotcha katatu); “Liùlóng” — kuwotcha kamodzi + kuyanika. Zofanana: onse ndi amapiri aatali, okhala ndi ma amino acid ochuluka komanso kukoma kofewa.

• Enshi Yu Lu (恩施玉露, Ēnshī Yùlù). Tiyi wothira nthunzi (蒸青, zhēngqīng) wobiriwira wochokera ku Hubei, nayenso wokhala ndi selenium. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi njira yopangira: “Yu Lu” — kuthira nthunzi (mwambo wa ku Japan); “Liùlóng” — kuwotcha + kuyanika (mwambo wa ku China). Kukoma kwa “Yu Lu” — ngati “zam’nyanja”, ndi umami wowonekera; “Liùlóng” — ngati “zam’nkhalango”, ndi kakomedwe ka mchere ndi ka nyemba.

Pomaliza:

Liùlóng Lǜchá — “Zinjoka Zisanu ndi Chimodzi” zochokera mu “Buku la Kusintha”, zokweredwa ndi Jenerali Mo Shujie mu 1932 ndikusandulika kukhala mitundu isanu ya tiyi kuchokera kumalo amodzi amapiri aatali. Mtundu wamkulu wamasamba a Yunnan pa 800–1000 m pa Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, 90% ya kubisala kwa nkhalango, 5.2% ya ma amino acid, nthaka zofiira za miyala zokhala ndi selenium ndi “chiyambi cha miyala” chopepuka — ndondomeko yomwe ndi yachilendo kwa tiyi wobiriwira. Mizere isanu — kuyambira “Msonkho wa Mfumu” wathyathyathya wokhala ndi fungo la nyemba mpaka “Nsonga ya Mitambo” yokhala ndi fungo la maluwa a orchid — imakulolani kuchokera mu kapu imodzi “kulamulira Kumwamba”, monga momwe “Yijing” inanenera.