Liù'ān Hēichá

Dzina la Liù’ān Hēichá limasonkhanitsa miyambo yocheperako komanso yosaŵirikika kwenikweni ya tii wakuda wochokera ku chigawo cha Ānhuī. Mosiyana ndi tii wobiriŵira wodziŵika bwino wa Liù’ān Guāpiàn (六安瓜片), tii wakuda wa ku Ānhuī ali m’dziko lina la kakomedwe ndi luso — dziko la kupsya pambuyo pa ferment, kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndi mbiri ya mphamvu zochizira. M’mbiri, mwambo umenewu umaimiridwa mokwanira ndi tii wotchedwa Ānchá (安茶, Ānchá), yemwenso amadziŵika ngati Liù’ān Lánchá (六安篮茶, Liù’ān Lánchá — “tii wa m’basiketi wa ku Liù’ān”), amene kwa zaka mazana ambiri ankakondedwa ku Guangdong, Hong Kong, ndi ku Southeast Asia monga “Tii Wopatulika” (圣茶, Shèngchá).

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tii wophikidwa pambuyo pa ferment (tii wakuda, hēichá — 黑茶, Hēichá). Mu gulu lake, amakhala pamphepete: magawo oyambirira a kupanga amafanana ndi tii wobiriŵira, koma njira zapadera za “mame a usiku” (夜露, yèlù), kutenthetsa ndi nthunzi, kukhamitsa m’mabasiketi a bamboo, ndi chisungidwe cha zaka zambiri zimasintha kukhala hēichá wokwanira.
• Gulu: Tii wakuda wa ku Ānhuī (安徽黑茶, Ānhuī Hēichá); mwambo wakale wa “tii wotumizidwa kunja” (侨销茶, qiáoxiāo chá — tii woperekera anthu a ku China okhala kunja).
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Ānhuī (安徽, Ānhuī). Malo oŵelengera kwambiri ndi m’boma la Qímén (祁门县, Qímén Xiàn), mzinda wa Huángshān (黄山市, Huángshān Shì), makamaka m’madera a Lúxī (芦溪乡, Lúxī Xiāng) ndi Róngkǒu (溶口乡, Róngkǒu Xiāng). Kale, zopangira zinkachokera ku chigawo cha Liù’ān (六安, Liù’ān), maboma a Jīnzhài (金寨, Jīnzhài) ndi Huòshān (霍山, Huòshān) — dera la mapiri a Dàbiéshān (大别山, Dàbiéshān).
• Ma coordinates: Qímén: pafupifupi 29.7–30.0° N, 117.5–117.8° E; Liù’ān: pafupifupi 31.3–32.0° N, 115.7–117.0° E.
• Mayina ena: Ānchá (安茶, Ānchá), Liù’ān Lánchá (六安篮茶, Liù’ān Lánchá — “tii wa m’basiketi wa Liù’ān”), Ruǎnzhī Chá (软枝茶, Ruǎnzhī Chá — “tii wa mphukira zofewa”).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

• Mbiri: Tii wakuda wa ku Ānhuī amachokera kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Míng (明, zaka za m’ma 1500–1600). Amakhulupirira kuti luso la Ānchá linakhazikitsidwa cha m’ma 1725, ngakhale kutchula za “tii wa mphukira zofewa” (软枝茶) kumapezeka mu “Zolemba za M’dera la Qí’ān” (《祁阊志》) za nthawi ya Yǒnglè (永乐, 1403–1424). M’nthawi ya Qīng (清), kupanga kunakula: kuyambira Qiánlóng mpaka Xiánfēng (乾隆–咸丰, 1736–1861), m’madera akumwera a Qímén kunali nyumba za tii zambiri, ndipo chizindikiro chodziŵika bwino cha “Sūn Yìshùn” (孙义顺, Sūn Yìshùn) chakhalapo kwa zaka zoposa 200.

  Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Yunivesite ya Jīnlíng (1936), “kuyambira Guāngxù [光绪, 1875–1908] Qímén ankangopanga tii wobiriŵira, wotumizidwa ku madera onse a Guǎng [Guangdong ndi Guangxi]; popeza kupanga kwake kunali kofanana ndi tii wa Liù’ān, m’mau ochepa amachedwa ‘ān chá’, ndipo kummawa kwa Guangdong ankatchuka kwambiri.” Chifukwa chake, dzina la “六安” linagwiritsidwa ntchito ku tii wa Qímén kudzera mu mchitidwe wamalonda: tii wopangidwa motsatira chitsanzo cha “Liù’ān” ku Qímén amatchedwa “wa Liù’ān” m’misika ya Canton.

  Pofika m’chaka cha 1932, Qímén inali ndi nyumba za tii 47 zomwe zimapanga “ān chá”, ndipo kupanga kunafika matani 200. M’zaka za m’ma 1930, m’mafilimu a ku Guangdong anthu amatha kuona mabanja olemekezeka akumatsegula mabasiketi a bamboo a “liù’ān lán chá”. Komabe, chifukwa cha nkhondo ya Japan-China, misewu yamalonda inatha, ndipo pofika zaka za m’ma 1940 kupanga kunaleka. Kuyambikanso kunayamba mu 1984, ndipo pambuyo pa “kufulumira kwa pu’er” kwa zaka za m’ma 2000, chidwi pa Ānchá chinakulanso kwambiri. Mu 2013, Bungwe Loona za Ukhalidwe la China linavomereza kuti “Ānchá” ndi chinthu chotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha malo (地理标志产品, DB34/T 1841-2019).

  Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1900, pa nthawi ya miliri ku Southern China ndi Southeast Asia, dotolo wina dzina lake Dài (戴) anaphatikiza Ānchá m’mankhwala ake monga maziko a mankhwala (药引, yàoyǐn). Kuyambira pamenepo, tii unapatsidwa mbiri ya “Tii Wopatulika” (圣茶) pakati pa anthu a ku Canton ndi Malaysia.

• Dzina:

  • “Liù’ān” (六安, Liù’ān): dzina la mbiri la chigawo chakumadzulo kwa Ānhuī, limene linakhala chizindikiro cha malonda cha tii wakuda wa ku Ānhuī m’misika ya kumwera kwa China. “Six” + “mtendere/mtendero” — mayina a malo okhala ndi zokoma.
  • “Hēichá” (黑茶, Hēichá): “tii wakuda” — gulu la tii wothiridwa ferment pambuyo pa kupanga.
  • “Lánchá” (篮茶, Lánchá): “tii wa m’basiketi” — kuchokera pa njira yolungika m’mabasiketi a bamboo (竹篓, zhúlǒu), omwe amayalidwa ndi masamba a zhò (箬叶, ruòyè).
  • “Ānchá” (安茶, Ānchá): “tii wa ku Ānhuī” — chidule cha “安徽之茶” (tii wochokera ku Ānhuī).

• Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe: Liù’ān Hēichá / Ānchá ndi umodzi mwa “qiáoxiāo chá” (侨销茶, qiáoxiāo chá) ochepa a m’mbiri — tii opangidwa kuti atumizidwe ku magulu a China okhala kunja (huáqiáo, 华侨) ku Southeast Asia. Mosiyana ndi hēichá wakumalire, womwe amapita ku Tibet ndi Mongolia, Ānchá ankayenda kumwera — ku Guangdong, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia. Mu chikhalidwe cha tii cha Canton, tii uyu ankaonedwa kuti ndi wapamwamba : “mabanja olemera ankamwa liù-ān, anthu wamba — pu’er ndi liù bǎo.” Mbiri yake yamankhwala ku Lǐngnán (岭南) — monga chithandizo cha kutentha ndi chinyezi — inachirikizidwa ndi mibadwo yambiri ya madokotala a chikhalidwe cha China.

3. Zomera ndi Zopangira:

• Mtundu / Cultivar: Cultivar wamkulu ndi Qímén Zhūyè Qúntǐ Zhǒng (祁门槠叶群体种, Qímén Zhūyè Qúntǐ Zhǒng) — gulu la masamba apakatikati (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis), komanso mitundu yosankhidwa ya “Ānhuī No. 1” (安徽1号) ndi “Ānhuī No. 3” (安徽3号). Masamba ake amadziŵika ndi kufewa kwa mphukira (pomwepa dzina la anthu “tii wa mphukira zofewa”), kuchuluka kwa zinthu za fungo, ndi kukhalapo bwino kwa chisungidwe chachitali.
• Kukolola: Pakati-kumapeto kwa April — pakati pa May, kuzungulira nthawi ya Gǔyǔ (谷雨, “Mvula ya Zinthu”), mokhazikika pakati pa masiku pafupifupi 10. Ili ndi limodzi mwa “mazenera” ochepa kwambiri a kukolola pakati pa tii wakuda wa ku China.
• Muyezo wa kukolola: Mphukira 1 + masamba 2 (一芽二叶, yī yá èr yè), mphukira 1 + masamba 3 (一芽三叶, yī yá sān yè) kapena masamba oyandikana (对夹叶, duìjiā yè) — ku tii wa muyezo wa “Máo Jiān” (毛尖). Ku mitundu yapamwamba ya “Gòng Jiān” (贡尖) amagwiritsa ntchito zopangira zofewa kwambiri.
• Zofunika pa zopangira: Masamba ayenera kukhala osweka, atsopano, opanda kuwonongeka kapena fungo lachilendo. Ngakhale kuti ndi hēichá, zopangira za Ānchá ndi zofewa kwambiri kuposa za tii wakuda wambiri — pafupi ndi miyezo ya tii wobiriŵira.

4. Dera ndi Ubwino wa Kulima:

• Malire ndi geography (Qímén): M’boma la Qímén lili kumwera kwa Ānhuī, pa mphambano ya mapiri a Huángshān ndi Jiǔhuáshān. Malowa ndi amapiri, ophimbidwa ndi nkhalango zobiriŵira. Mtsinje wa Liúshuǐ (率水) ndi mitsinje yake amapanga madambo achinyezi.
• Kutalika kwa kulimidwa: Kufika mita 800 pamwamba pa nyanja. Minda ikuluikulu — pamtunda wa 300–600 m.
• Malire ndi geography (Liù’ān / Dàbiéshān): Kumadzulo kwa Ānhuī, tsinde la mapiri a Dàbiéshān (大别山, Dàbiéshān). Malo amapiri ndi mitsinje ndi makhwawa ambiri, kutalika kwa minda 200–800 m.
• Nyengo: Nyengo ya mphepo yamkuntho yokhazikika ndi nyengo zosiyana bwino. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka 15–16°C, mvula yochuluka (1600–1800 mm ku Qímén), chinyezi chachikulu ndi nkhungu zazitali.
• Nthaka: Nthaka yofiira, yachikasu, ndi yachikasu-bulauni (红壤, 黄壤, 黄棕壤), pH 4,5–5,5, yokhala ndi zinthu zochokera ku zinthu zakale. Kupezeka kwa mchere wochuluka m’nthaka zamapiri kumathandiza kuti masamba apeze zinthu zopangira fungo.
• Ecology: Kudzaza kwa nkhalango, kutalikirana ndi mafakitale, kupanga pang’ono mwamwambo (pafupifupi matani 200 pachaka mu Qímén yense) — zonsezi zimatsimikizira kuti zopangira ndi zachilengedwe.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Ukadaulo wa Ānchá ndi wapadera pakati pa tii wakuda wa ku China: umaphatikiza magawo oyambirira a kakulidwe ka tii wobiriŵira ndi njira zapadera za “mame a usiku” ndi kulongedza m’mabasiketi a bamboo, ndipo pachimake pake ndi chisungidwe chazaka zambiri, mmene tii amapeza khalidwe la hēichá. Ndondomekoyo imagawika m’magawo anayi: kakulidwe koyambirira (初制, chūzhì), kukonza bwinobwino (精制, jīngzhì), kutenthetsa ndi nthunzi ndi kupanga mawonekedwe (蒸制成型, zhēngzhì chéngxíng), ndi chisungidwe-kupsya (贮藏陈化, zhùcáng chénhuà).

Gawo I — Kakulidwe Koyambirira (masika, pafupifupi Gǔyǔ):

• Kufowoka (摊青, tān qīng): Masamba atsopano amagadzalidwa m’gulu la 3–5 cm pa matanda a bamboo, kugudubuzika mphindi 30 zilizonse kwa pafupifupi maola 2, mpaka ofowoka pang’ono ndi kuda.
• Kukhazikitsa / “kuphedwa kwa zobiriŵira” (杀青, shāqīng): Kutentha kwakukulu mu wok kapena drum kuti achotse ma enzymes. Kumafanana ndi kukhazikitsa kwa tii wobiriŵira.
• Kukwinyata (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kupanga mawonekedwe a masamba mwamakina kuti atulutse madzi a m’maselo ndi kupanga mawonekedwe.
• Kuumitsa (干燥, gānzào): Kuumitsa mpaka kukhala tii wosaphika (毛茶, máochá). Pa nthawi iyi, tii amakhala ngati theka la tii wobiriŵira.

Gawo II — Kukonza Bwinobwino (yophya, pafupifupi Báilù — 白露, “Mame Oyera”, kumayambiriro kwa September):

• Kusefa ndi kusankha (筛分、风选、挑拣, shāifēn, fēngxuǎn, tiāojiǎn): Tii wosaphika amasefedwa, kuwuluzika, ndi kusanjidwa pamanja kuchotsa timitengo tolimba ndi zinthu zosafunikira.
• Kuphatikiza (拼配匀堆, pīnpèi yúnduī): Kupanga magawo ofanana.
• Kuwotchanso mwamphamvu (足火, zúhuǒ): Kuumitsanso pa kutentha kolamulidwa kuti chinyezi chikhale chokhazikika ndi kutulutsa fungo.
• Mame a usiku (露茶 / 夜露, lùchá / yèlù): Gawo lapadera lofunika kwambiri. Pambuyo pa kuwotcha masana, tii amagadzalidwa m’gulu la 6–8 cm pa mphasa za bamboo panja usiku wakuti-akuti. Pakati pa usiku, masamba amatenga mame, kenako m’mawa amatoleredwa. Ndondomekoyi imabwerezedwa kangapo. “Mame a usiku” amathandiza kuziŵa bwino, chinyezi, ndi kuyamba kwa kusintha kwapang’onopang’ono kwa tizilombo, komwe kumakula pakusungidwa. Monga amanena amisiri: “Popanda mame a usiku, Ānchá wabwino sangapangidwe” (不经过夜露、做不好安茶).

Gawo III — Kutenthetsa ndi Nthunzi ndi Kupanga Mawonekedwe:

• Kutenthetsa ndi nthunzi (蒸茶, zhēngchá): Tii amagadzalidwa m’gulu la 3–4 cm pa nsalu yoyikidwa pa thireyi ya bamboo, ndipo amatenthedwa ndi nthunzi mpaka kufewa kwa timitengo ndi masamba.
• Kulongedza m’mabasiketi (装篓, zhuānglǒu): Tii wofewa amayikidwa m’mabasiketi ang’onoang’ono otsekemera a bamboo (竹篓, zhúlǒu), omwe amayalidwa mkati ndi masamba a zhò (箬叶, ruòyè). Tii amakhomedwa mwamphamvu ndi manja. Gawo ili limatsimikizira mawonekedwe a Ānchá: “Fungo zitatu pamodzi” (三香合一, sān xiāng hé yī) — fungo la bamboo, fungo la masamba oyala, ndi fungo la tii weniweni.
• Kumanga (打围, dǎwéi): Mabasiketi ang’onoang’ono 6–8 amamangidwa ndi lamba la bamboo kukhala mtolo umodzi (条, tiáo).
• Kuumitsa komaliza (复烘, fùhōng): Mitolo imaumitsidwa pa kutentha koyenera.

Gawo IV — Chisungidwe ndi Kupsya (陈化, chénhuà):

Tii womalizidwa amasungidwa zaka zosachepera 2–3 asanagulitsidwe. Pakusungidwa m’chipinda chouma, chopumira mphepo, kupsya pambuyo pa ferment kumachitika pang’onopang’ono ndi mphamvu ya chinyezi chotsalira ndi tizilombo — tii amada, kuwawa kumachepetsedwa, ndipo pano “chénxiāng” (陈香) yodziŵika imaonekera. Zitsanzo za zaka 10–20 ndi kupitirira zimayamikiridwa kwambiri.

6. Makhalidwe a Kakomedwe ndi Kununkhira:

• Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Masamba olimba, okwinyata, obiriŵira kwambiri, akuda-mtundu wa azitona ndi kunyezimira kwamafuta. Kwa zitsanzo zakalekale — akuda ndi kuthwanima kwa chokoleti. Kulongedza m’mabasiketi a bamboo ndi masamba a zhò ndi kodziŵika.
• Fungo la masamba owuma: Lamaluwa, ndi zotsalira za udzu wouma ndi zokometsera pang’ono. Kwa tii wakalekale — “chénxiāng” yakuzama ndi zotsalira za zipatso zouma, mtedza, ndi “chikopa cha chivwende” (西瓜皮味, xīguāpí wèi) — ichi chimadziŵika ngati chizindikiro cha Ānchá weniweni wabwino.
• Fungo la chowonjezera: Cholemera, chosanjikizana. Zotsalira za nkhalango, mtedza, zipatso zouma, ndi pansi pang’onopang’ono pa maluwa. Kwa tii wachinyamata — fungo la “zobiriŵira” ndi udzu; ndi kukalekale — kulowa mwakuya ku “chénxiāng” ndi zotsalira za uchi.
• Kakomedwe: Kolemera, kokhazikika, ndi kuwawako pang’ono kolemekezeka, komwe kumasinthanso mwachangu kukhala kutsekemera kodziŵika (回甘, huígān) ndi kotsalira kotsitsimula. Thupi lapakatikati mpaka lodzaza, kumverera kosalala. Kupirira ku kumwa kwambiri — tii amatha kuthilidwa maulendo ambiri popanda kutaya kudyera mwachionekere.
• Mtundu wa chowonjezera: Kuyambira lalanje-mtundu wa amber (tii wachinyamata) mpaka kufiira kwakuda-mtundu wa chestnut (wakalekale). Woonekera, wowala.
• Pansi pa tii (masamba othilidwa): Wobiriŵira-wakuda mpaka wofiila-bulauni, mitsempha ya masamba nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi kufiira pang’ono. Masamba ndi otanuka, amafalikira bwino.

7. Zokhudza Mankhwala:

• Polyphenols: Zopangira zoyambirira zochokera ku mitundu ya Qímén Zhūyè ndi yofanana zimakhala ndi mulingo wa polyphenols wofanana ndi mitundu yapakatikati. Pakati pa njira ya “mame a usiku” ndi chisungidwe chatali, mbali ya ma catechins amasandulika kukhala thearubigins (茶红素) ndi theabrownins (茶褐素), zomwe zimachepetsa kakomedwe ndi kuwonjezera kuda kwa mtundu.
• Amino Acids: L-theanine (L-茶氨酸) ndi ma amino acid ena — kuchuluka kumadalira kufewa kwa zopangira; mu mtundu wa “Gòng Jiān” — kumakhala kochuluka.
• Alkaloids: Caffeine (咖啡碱), theobromine (可可碱) — mulingo wokhazikika wa tii. Caffeine imakhala yocheperapo chifukwa cha kupsya kwa zopangira ndi kakulidwe katali.
• Polysaccharides: Ma polysaccharides a tii ndi gawo lofunika la tii wakuda wakalekale, kusonyeza mbali ina ya mphamvu zake zopindulitsa.
• Mavitamini: Vitamini C (imawanikidwa pang’ono ndi kakulidwe), mavitamini a gulu la B, vitamini E.
• Mchere: Potaziyamu, magnesiamu, fluoride, zinc, manganese — kuchuluka kumatsimikizidwa ndi nthaka zamapiri.
• Mafuta ofunikira: Amatenga gawo lalikulu pakupanga fungo. Fungo lapadera la “chikopa cha chivwende,” lomwe ndi chizindikiro cha Ānchá wabwino, limagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusakaniza kwaso kwa ma terpenoids ndi zotuluka za Mayanikidwe a Maillard, zomwe zimapangidwa panjira yovuta ya kakulidwe ndi chisungidwe.

8. Zopindulitsa:

• Kuchotsa kutentha ndi “chinyezi” (清热祛湿, qīngrè qūshī): Mu chikhalidwe cha Canton cha zamankhwala — ichi ndi mfundo yaikulu. Tii amaonedwa kuti ndi wothandiza pa kutentha ndi “chinyezi” chochuluka (湿热, shīrè) — lingaliro la chikhalidwe cha China, lofunika ku nyengo yotentha ndi yachinyezi.
• Kuthandiza chakudya: Zotuluka za polyphenolic zochokera ku ferment ndi ma polysaccharides a tii zimathandiza kuyenda kwa m’mimba ndi kuthandiza kugaya chakudya chamafuta.
• Mphamvu ya antioxidant: Ma catechins otsalira ndi zotuluka zake — thearubigins ndi theabrownins — ali ndi mphamvu yotsimikizika ya antioxidant.
• Kuchotsa poizini: Mwamwambo, Ānchá ankagwiritsidwa ntchito monga gawo la mankhwala (药引) kuti athandize mphamvu ya mankhwala ena ndi “kuchotsa kutentha.”
• Mphamvu yolimbitsa ndi kutsitsimula: Caffeine pamodzi ndi L-theanine amapereka mphamvu yofewa popanda kukhudzika kwakukulu.
• Mphamvu yotheka pa mayendedwe a mafuta: Kafukufuku wina wa tii wakuda akusonyeza kuti akuyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu pa zizindikiro za cholesterol pamene amamwa mokhazikika pang’ono.
• Chodziŵika: “kuthila kozizira”: Ku Southern China ndi Southeast Asia, Ānchá mwamwambo amamwa osati wotentha wokha, komanso wozizira — amakhulupirira kuti chowonjezera chozizira ndi chothandiza kwambiri pa kutentha kwa chirimwe.
• Zotsutsana ndi malire: Kusadziŵikira caffeine, kukulira kwa matenda a m’mimba, kumwa mankhwala (nthawi 1–2 maola), pregnancy — kumwa mokhazikika.

9. Kuthila:

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 95–100°C (madzi owira kwambiri).
• Kuchuluka kwa tii: 5–7 g pa 150–200 ml ya madzi.
• Chombo: Gàiwǎn (盖碗) la porcelain; mtsuko wa dongo la Yīxìng (宜兴紫砂壶) — wopangidwira tii wakuda; mtsuko wa ceramic.
• Ndondomeko:
  1. Tenthetsani chombo ndi madzi owira.
  2. Chotsani tii mu basiketi la bamboo. Tii mu basiketi ndi wokhomedwa mwamphamvu — lekani bwino kuchuluka kofunikira, osayesetsa kuswa masamba.
  3. Kutsuka (洗茶): thirani madzi owira, sungani masekondi 5–10 ndikutaya. Kwa tii wakalekale mutha kutsuka kaŵiri.
  4. Kuthila koyamba: masekondi 15–20. Tii wokhomedwa amatseguka pang’onopang’ono; kuthila koyamba kumalola masamba “kupuma.”
  5. Kuthila motsatira: onjezerani kuthila ndi masekondi 5–10. Ānchá wabwino amatha kuthilidwa maulendo 10–15 ndi kupitirira.
  6. Kumwa kozizira (mwamwambo wa Lǐngnán): thirani tii mwamphamvu pang’ono kuposa mwachizoloŵezi, musiyeni azire ku kutentha kwa chipinda — pa nyengo yotentha chowonjezera chotero chimatsitsimula ndi kuthetsa ludzu.

10. Chisungidwe:

• Mfundo yakuti “wakalekale, wabwino kwambiri”: Ānchá ndi umodzi mwa tii ochepa omwe kukalekale sikuli kokha kololedwa, koma ndi gawo lofunika la kupsya. Nthawi yochepera — zaka 3; zitsanzo zakusonkhetsa zimasungidwa zaka 10–30 ndi kupitirira.
• Zodziŵika: Tii amasungidwa mwachindunji m’mabasiketi ake oyambirira a bamboo — kulongedza ndi gawo la ukadaulo: “fugo zitatu” zimapitiriza kusakanikirana pakusungidwa.
• Zofunika: Chipinda chouma, chopumira mphepo, popanda fungo lowawa. Kutentha 15–25°C, chinyezi 50–70%. Kuwala kwa dzuŵa ndi kulongedza kopanda mphepo sikovomerezeka.
• Mchitidwe: “Amakalekale koma osawola; amakalekale koma osaonongeka; wakalekale, amanunkhira bwino kwambiri” (陈而不霉, 陈而不烂, 越陈茶味越醇) — mawu achikale a Ānchá.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

• Gulu la mtengo: Ānchá m’mbiri ankakhala ngati “wolemekezeka pakati pa tii wakuda” — mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa hēichá wamba (njerwa za fú, tii wakumalire). Mtengo umatsimikizidwa ndi zaka zakukalekale, mtundu (Gòng Jiān — wapamwamba kwambiri, Máo Jiān — wapakatikati, Huāxiāng — wokhazikika), mbiri ya wopanga ndi malo osungidwa.
• Zomwe zimapangitsa mtengo: Kuchuluka kochepa kwa kupanga (~200 tons pachaka), nthawi yochepa ya kukolola, ntchito yolemetsa ya manja, kufunika kwa kukalekale kwazaka zambiri.
• Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
  • Gulani kwa ogulitsa omwe amatha kutchula wopanga (孙义顺, 江南春, 南香 ndi mafakitale ena a Qímén), chaka ndi gulu.
  • Onani kulongedza: Ānchá weniweni amakhala m’mabasiketi a bamboo ndi masamba a zhò (箬叶); kusowa kwa kulongedza kodziŵika ndi chifukwa cha kukayikira.
  • Chowonjezera chiyenera kukhala choonekera, kuyambira amber mpaka kufiira, popanda matope. Phokoso lotsitsimula la “chikopa cha chivwende” ndi “chénxiāng” yoyera ndi zizindikiro za weniweni.
  • Tii ayenera kukhala wamphamvu ndi kupirira kuthila — zonyenga zimataya msanga.
  • Mtengo wochepa kwambiri wa “Ānchá wakalekale” — pafupifupi ndi wonyenga kapena wa mnkhumudwe wosiyana.

12. Zina Zochititsa Chidwi:

• “Liù’ān Chá” (六安茶) ndi “Ānchá” (安茶) ndi tii yemweyo wa m’mbiri, amene analandira mayina osiyanasiyana m’malo osiyanasiyana a malonda: dzina la “Liù’ān” linali chizindikiro cha malonda pa msika wa Canton, pamene “Ānchá” linali dzina lakupanga ku Qímén. Ili ndi limodzi mwa mayina osokonekera kwambiri mu dziko la tii wa ku China.
• M’zaka za m’ma 1930, m’mafilimu a ku Guangdong ankajambula zithunzi za mabanja olemekezeka akutsegula mwasangalalo mabasiketi a bamboo a “liù’ān lán chá” — tii anali chizindikiro cha udindo ndi kukoma kokonzedwa.
• Ukadaulo wa “mame a usiku” ulibe kufanana kwachindunji m’magulu ena a tii wa ku China. Tii amasamba kwenikweni m’mame akuphya — uku ndi kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa chinyezi cha chilengedwe ndi kulowetsa tizilombo.
• Ānchá ndi tii wakuda yekhayo amene amadziŵika ndi fungo la “chikopa cha chivwende” (西瓜皮味) — kakutswitsa katsopano, kakuwawa kwapadera kameneka kumaonedwa ngati chizindikiro chodziŵika cha chinthu chenicheni.
• Ukadaulo wa kupanga Ānchá waphatikizidwa m’mndandanda wamakolo osaoneka a chigawo cha Ānhuī (安徽省非物质文化遗产).

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tii Wina Wakuda:

• Ndi Liùbǎo Chá (六堡茶, Liùbǎo Chá): Onsewa ndi “qiáoxiāo chá,” onsewa amapita kumwera. Liùbǎo ali ndi thupi lolemera kwambiri, ndi mbiri ya “camphor” ndi “betel”; Ānchá ndi wopepuka, ndi khalidwe lamaluwa-mtedza ndi phokoso lodziŵika la “chikopa cha chivwende.” Liùbǎo amakhomedwa m’mabasiketi akuluakulu komanso amapezeka wobolokera; Ānchá — m’mabasiketi ang’onoang’ono a bamboo okha.
• Ndi Shú Pǔ’ěr (熟普洱, Shú Pǔ’ěr): Shú pǔ’ěr ndi wa ku Yúnnán, wamasamba akuluakulu, ndi mbiri yayikulu ya “nthaka” ndi chowonjezera chakuda kwambiri. Ānchá ndi wa ku Ānhuī wamasamba apakatikati, wopepuka, wowonekera komanso “watsopano” m’makhalidwe. Pǔ’ěr anali “tii wa anthu wamba,” Ānchá — “tii wa anthu osankhika” pa misika yomweyo.
• Ndi Ānhuà Tiānjiān (安化天尖, Ānhuà Tiānjiān): Tiān Jiān ndi hēichá wa ku Húnán wobolokera, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi utsi wa paini. Ānchá ndi wokhomedwa m’mabasiketi, wopanda utsi, ndi mbiri yodziŵika ya “mame” ndi maluwa.
• Ndi Fú Zhuān (茯砖, Fúzhuān): Fú Zhuān ali ndi “maluwa agolide” ake enieni ndi phokoso la uchi-bowa. Ānchá alibe “金花,” mbiri yake ndi yamtedza-zipatso ndi phokoso la “chivwende.”
• Ndi Húběi Qīng Zhuān (湖北青砖, Húběi Qīngzhuān): Qīng Zhuān ndi tii wakumalire wamba ndi zopangira zokhwima ndi kuwawa kodziŵika. Ānchá ndi chinthu chokonzedwa bwino chochokera ku zopangira zofewa, chokhazikika pa “kumwa koyera” (清饮, qīngyǐn), osati kukonza zakumwa za mkaka ndi mchere.

Pomaliza:

Liù’ān Hēichá, amenenso amatchedwa Ānchá, ndi umodzi mwa tii wakuda wochititsa chidwi kwambiri komanso wosadziŵika bwino ku China. Ukadaulo wake wapadera wa “mame a usiku,” mbiri yolemekezeka m’misika yakumwera kwa China, ndi fungo lake losaŵalika la “chikopa cha chivwende” zimamusiyanitsa ndi “abale” ake odziŵika bwino. Uyu ndi tii wa anthu osankhika, omwe ali okonzeka kuyembekezera: Ānchá wachinyamata ndi wochititsa chidwi, koma zaka za chisungidwe zokha zimatsegula mphamvu yake yochokera — “chénxiāng” yoyera, yakuzama, kumverera kosalala, ndi kupirira kodabwitsa kwa kuthila. Ngati mungakhale ndi mwayi wokumana ndi Ānchá weniweni mu basiketi la bamboo wokhala ndi chidindo cha m’modzi mwa amisiri a Qímén — musataye mwayi: mudzakhala mukukhudzana ndi mwambo wa zaka mazana ambiri, womwe unatsala pang’ono kutayika m’zaka za zana la 20 ndipo tsopano ukubweranso moyenera.