Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng · new.thetea.app

Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng ndi m’modzi mwa oimira aŵiri akulu a madancong a ku Guangdong, limodzi ndi Fènghuáng Dān Cóng (凤凰单丛). Tiyi uyu wadziŵika chifukwa cha “kanyimbo ka uchi” wake wapadera (蜜韵, mì yùn) — kuphatikiza fungo la maluwa ndi kukoma kwakuya kwa uchi, zomwe sizipezeka mu mauluni ena onse. Wotengedwa kuchokera ku nkhunzimirizi yamphongo yakuthengo yomwe inapezeka m’mapiri a mboma la Raoping, Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng pa theka la zaka zapita patsogolo kuchokera pakupezeka mwamwayi ndi mlimi wina wamtchire mpaka kukhala mtundu wapadziko lonse wovomelezedwa ndi chizindikiro chake cha geographical indication.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Uluni (tiyi wothira fermentation pang’ono), kuchuluka kwa okisijeni ≈ 25–50 %. Ali m’gulu la mauluni onunkhira a ku Guangdong okhala ndi okisijeni yapakati ndi kuotcha kwachikhalidwe.
Gulu: Madancong a ku Guangdong (广东单丛). Pamodzi ndi Fènghuáng Dān Cóng (凤凰单丛) amapanga umodzi mwa mizere iŵiri ya malonda a madancong. Ndi chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical indication (地理标志保护产品): chinalembetsedwa ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi wa People’s Republic of China mu 2013, ndipo mu 2025 chidalandira udindo wa chinthu chokhala ndi geographical indication kuchokera ku National Intellectual Property Administration.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Guangdong (广东省), mboma la Raoping (饶平县, Ráopíng Xiàn), mzinda wa Chaozhou (潮州市, Cháozhōu Shì). Phata la mapiri ndi tawuni ya Fubin (浮滨镇, Fúbīn Zhèn), mudzi wa Lingtou (岭头村). Malo otetezedwa a geographical indication aphimba m’matauni 11 (镇/场): Fubin, Dongshan, Tangxi, Xintang, Sanrao, Hanjiang Linchang, Xinfeng, Shangrao, Raoyang, Jianrao, Zhangxi.
Malo a Geographical Coordinates: 116°35′–116°58′ East longitude, 23°45′–24°14′ North latitude.

2. Mbiri ndi Mtengo wa Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Mwambo wa tiyi wa mboma la Raoping umachokera ku nyengo ya Tang, pomwe m’mapiri a Fenghuang panali kale kulima mitengo ya tiyi; panatsala mitengo ya tiyi yoposa 1700 ya zaka zana limodzi. Mu “Zolemba za Boma la Chaozhou” (《潮州府志》) ya 1684 (nyengo ya Kangxi) amatchulidwa tiyi wapamwamba kuchokera ku phiri la Daizhao (待诏山) la mboma la Raoping.

Mbiri yamakono ya Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng inayamba mu 1961, pamene mlimi wa mudzi wa Lingtou m’tawuni ya Fubin (panthawiyo dera la Pingxi, 坪溪乡) anapeza pamphepete mwa phiri la Shuangji Niang (双髻娘山, Shuāngjì Niáng Shān, 1032 m pamwamba pa nyanja) mtengo wina wachilendo kuchokera m’gulu la nkhunzimirizi yamphongo yapanyanja (水仙, shuǐxiān) yokhala ndi masamba achikasu-bululu osawala bwino komanso fungo lamphamvu la uchi. Kwa zaka zitatu (1961–1963) adachitidwa kusonkha payekha ndi kupanga koyesa; maofesi a chigawo, mzinda, ndi mboma adatsimikiza kuti mtundu wake ndi wapadera kwambiri.

Zochitika zazikulu: 1981 — Dipatimenti ya zaulimi ya chigawo cha Guangdong idavomereza Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng ngati mtundu wodziimira pawokha; 1986 — dzina loyamba la “Tiyi Wodziŵika wa China” (中国名茶) kuchokera ku Unduna wa Zamalonda; 1988 — adavomerezedwa ngati mtundu wapadera wa chigawo cha mitengo ya tiyi ndipo adatchulidwa mwalamulo “Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng”; 1990 — dzina lachiwiri la “Tiyi Wodziŵika wa China”, udindo wa “chakudya chobiriŵira” komanso “Tiyi wa Boma Wolandirira Alendo” (国宾茶); 1991 — dzina la “Tiyi Wodziŵika wa Chikhalidwe” pa Chikondwerero Choyamba cha Maphwando a Chikhalidwe cha Tiyi ku Hangzhou; 2002 — adavomerezedwa ngati mtundu wapadera wa mitengo ya tiyi wa dziko lonse (国家级茶树良种) ndi gawo lachitatu la National Crop Variety Approval Committee; 2013 — kulembetsa geographical indication ndi Unduna wa zaulimi; 2025 — kuvomerezedwa ngati chinthu chokhala ndi geographical indication ndi National Intellectual Property Administration.

Pofika m’chaka cha 2023, malo a minda ya tiyi a mboma la Raoping anali 15.56 万亩 (kupitirira 100,000 ma hekitala), ndipo ndalama zapachaka zikuyembekezeka kukhala 52.38 biliyoni ya yuan; oposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu a mboma ndi amene amadalira pachuma pa gawo la tiyi.
Dzina: 岭头 (Lǐngtóu) — kutanthauza “nsonga ya phiri,” kutengera dzina la mudzi wa Lingtou kumbali ya phiri la Shuangji Niang; 单丛 (Dān Cóng) — “chitsamba chapadera,” kusonyeza njira yosankha payekha ndi kupanga mosiyanitsa mitengo yabwino kwambiri ya tiyi. Dzina lina la malonda ndi Bái Yè Dān Cóng (白叶单丛, Bái Yè Dān Cóng, “dancong la masamba oyera”), lomwe limasonyeza mtundu wachikasu-bululu wowala wa masamba ang’onoang’ono.
Mtengo wa chikhalidwe: Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng ndi wolumikizana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha kumwa tiyi kwa gongfu cha ku Chaozhou (潮州工夫茶, Cháozhōu gōngfū chá), chomwe chimaphatikizapo mayendedwe 21 a mwambo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito “chuma chinayi cha chipinda cha tiyi” (mtsuko wa Mengchen, makapu a Ruochen, ng’anjo ya dongo, ndi mtsuko wotenthetsera madzi). Dongosolo la “饶平单丛茶文化” limadziŵika ngati chinthu cha choloŵa cha chikhalidwe cha zaulimi cha chigawo; kupanga kwa Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng kumaphatikizapo njira ya “kutentha katatu ndi kuyanika katatu” (三焗三晒, sān jú sān shài), yomwe ili m’gulu la choloŵa chosakhwima. Doko la Zhelin (柘林港) la mboma la Raoping m’mbiri linkatumikira monga malo amodzi a Nyanja ya Silk Road, kudzera momwe tiyi wa m’derali ankagulitsidwa ku Southeast Asia.

3. Kufotokozera Kwachomera ndi Zipangizo Zopangira:

Mtundu / Kulimidwa: Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng (岭头单丛) — ndi mtundu woyambirira womwe unasiyanitsidwa kuchokera m’gulu la nkhunzimirizi yamphongo yapanyanja (水仙, shuǐxiān). Gulu: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, clone yopanda kugonana. Maonekedwe — mtengo waung’ono (小乔木型), masamba apakatikati (中叶类), nyengo yoyamba kwambiri ya kukula (特早生种). Chomera ndi chachitali, korona yotambasuka pang’ono, nthambi zapakatikati. Masamba ndi oti-elliptical: utali wapakati 9.0 cm, m’lifupi 3.5 cm; mitsempha 7–9; mtundu — chikasu-bululu wowala kwambiri; pamwamba pake ndi posalala, m’mphepete mosalala, nsonga yosongoka pang’ono, mano osalala ndi osaya; mbale yokhuthala komanso yofewa. Masamba ang’ono ndi mphukira zazing’ono ndi zachikasu-bululu, ubweya wochepa. Kulemera kwa mphukira zana limodzi mu gawo la “masamba amodzi + masamba atatu” ndi 121.0 g. Maluwa: korona ∅ 3.0–4.0 cm, masamba a maluwa 7, ubweya wa mazira apakatikati, mzati wagawo zitatu. Mphamvu yobereketsa mwachomera (kudula) ndi yaikulu.
Kusonkha: N’tchakwiya kwambiri: mphukira zimayamba kukula mu February, nsonga ya gawo la “masamba amodzi + masamba atatu” imafika pa khumi ndi zinaŵirikwiŵiri mpaka khumi ndi zinaŵirikwiŵiri la March. Nyengo ya kukula ndi yaitali — kusonkha kumatheka mpaka kumapeto kwa November. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kusonkha kwa masika (春茶); kwa chilimwe ndi kwa dzinja amakololanso. Dancong la masamba oyera ndi limodzi mwa akusonkha woyamba pakati pa madancong onse: amachikolola asanafike pa Qingming (清明).
Muyeso wa kusonkha: Msonga imodzi + masamba 2–4; kwa m’mitundu yapamwamba — msonga imodzi kapena msonga imodzi + tsamba limodzi. Kukhazikika kwa mphukira n’kofunikira.
Zofunikira pa zipangizo: Mphukira zokhala ndi kupsa kofanana, zopanda kuvulala kwamakina, fungo lachilendo, ndi minyewa yolimba. Ziyenera kufika mwachangu ku fakitale kuti zisatenthedwe.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Dera ndi maonekedwe: Mboma la Raoping lili kum’mawa kwenikweni kwa chigawo cha Guangdong, pamalire ndi chigawo cha Fujian. Maonekedwe ake ndi atali: kumpoto — mapiri aatali 500–1200 m (nsonga 7 pamwamba pa 1000 m, nsonga yaitali kwambiri ndi phiri la Xiyan, 1256 m); pakati — zitunda ndi mathala; kumwera — chigwa cha m’phepete mwa nyanja. Phata la kupanga ndi phiri la Shuangji Niang (双髻娘山, 1032 m) lokhala ndi miyala ya granite yosweka, yolemera ndi mchere. Minda ya tiyi imapezeka makamaka m’madera a mapiri otsika ndi apakati (400–1000 m) okhala ndi mvumbi wambiri.
Utali wokulira: Mbali yayikulu — 600–1000 m. Phata — mbali za Shuangji Niang, pafupifupi 1032 m. Minda ya mapiri otsika — kuyambira 400 m.
Nyengo: Ya m’madera otentha a kum’mwera mofanana ndi mphepo ya monsoon, yokhudzidwa ndi nyanja. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka 21.4 °C, masiku opanda chisanu 349, kuwala kwa dzuŵa pachaka 2114 maola. Kugwa kwa mvula — 1475.9 mm/pachaka, chinyezi chochepera ≈ 79 %. Masiku a mvumbi — opitirira 200 pachaka. Zima ziri zofatsa (kumwera — kulibe kuzizira kwakukulu), nyengo yotentha imakhala yochepa kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu ya nyanja. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa usiku ndi usana m’mapiri kumathandizira kumanga zinthu zonunkhira; kuwala kosalunjika m’ mvumbi kumakulitsa kapangidwe ka amino acids.
Nthaka: Dongo lofiirira lofiira (赤红壤) ndi dongo lachikasu (黄壤), pH 4.2–5.6 (pamalo apakati — 4.5–6.0). Mlingo wa zinthu zamoyo ≈ 1.89 %. Dongo la Shuangji Niang — miyala ya granite yosweka, yokhala ndi mchere wambiri komanso yothiridwa ndi selenium (0.15–0.35 mg/kg). Dongo lakuya limathandizira kudyetsedwa bwino kwa mizu.
Madzi: M’mboma muno mulinso mitsinje 16, yayikulu kwambiri ndi mtsinje wa Huanggang (黄冈河, 87.2 km). Damu la Tangxi (汤溪水库, voliyumu 3.78 × 10⁸ m³) limapereka kuthirira kokhazikika. Madzi abwino akumtunda amathandiziranso pazopereka.

5. Luso la Kupanga:

Luso la Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng ndi njira ya ku Guangdong ya kupanga mauluni yomwe imatsindika kupangika kwa “kanyimbo ka uchi” (蜜韵). Njira yakale ya “kutentha katatu ndi kuyanika katatu” (三焗三晒) — kusinthana kwa kusunga kotseka (闷堆) ndi kugwedeza (摇青) — ndi choloŵa chosakhwima cha m’derali. Pa magawo onse amagwiritsidwa ntchito zida za nsungwi ndi matabwa pofuna kuteteza ku okisijeni yobwera chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi zitsulo. Chinyezi chomaliza cha tiyi — ≤ 5 %.

Kusonkha / 采摘 — cǎizhāi: Mphukira zakumtunda (msonga + masamba 2–4) zimasonkhedwa ndi manja, makamaka m’maŵa, ndipo zimafika mwachangu ku fakitale, popewa kutenthedwa ndi kuvulala kwamakina.
Kuyanika padzuŵa / 晒青 — shàiqīng: Masamba atsopano amayalidwa pamsasa wa nsungwi ndikuyikidwa mu kuwala kwa dzuŵa kosalunjika. Masamba amataya chinyezi pang’ono, amakhala ofewa; kusweka kwa chlorophyll kumayamba ndi kupanga zotsogolera za fungo. M’misiri amayang’anira kuyanika kusiyana ndi nyengo ndi chinyezi cha zipangizo.
Kupumitsa m’chipinda / 晾青 — liàngqīng: Masamba oyanikidwa amasamutsidwa kupita ku chipinda chopumira mpweya kuti azizizire ndi kufananitsa chinyezi. Kutentha kwa masamba kumatsika, kutentha kwakukulu kumachotsedwa.
Kugwedeza ndi kupumula / 摇青 — yáoqīng: Gawo lofunika kwambiri lomwe limapanga mawonekedwe a “maluwa ndi uchi.” Limachitidwa m’mizere 7 (分段) yosinthana kugwedeza ndi kupumula malinga ndi njira ya “kutentha katatu ndi kuyanika katatu” (三焗三晒). Pakugwedeza, m’mphepete mwa masamba amavulazidwa, kumayambitsa okisijeni ya pakomweko: ma polyphenols amakumana ndi ma enzymes, ndikupanga zotsogolera za maluwa ndi uchi. Mu gawo la kupumula (闷堆), masamba “amatenthedwa” m’malo otsekedwa, kumakulitsa gawo la uchi. M’misiri amayang’anira kusintha kwa mtundu wa m’mphepete (“mphepete wofiira — mimba yobiriŵira,” 红边绿腹) ndi kukula kwa fungo.
Kukhazikitsa / 杀青 — shāqīng: Kutentha mu ng’oma yozungulira pa kutentha ≈ 220 °C. Zimapangitsa ma enzymes kulephera kugwira ntchito, ndikuyimitsa okisijeni pamlingo wofunikira. Zimakhazikitsa kuwongolera kwa fungo ndi kuteteza kuti masamba asade.
Kukulunga / 揉捻 — róuniǎn: Kukulunga pamanja (滚揉, gǔnróu) kumapanga mawonekedwe a mizere yotalikila — yaying’ono, yolemera, yowongoka. Kusweka kwa makoma a maselo kumawonjezera kutulutsika kwake pakaphikidwa.
Kuwotcha / 焙火 — bèihuǒ: Kuumitsa pamadengu a nsungwi (竹焙笼) pa 90–95 °C. Kuwotcha kwamwala wamakala kwachikhalidwe (炭焙, tàn bèi) kumapangitsa kuti kukoma kukhale kozungulira, kumawonjezera kukhazikika kwa fungo, ndikuwonjezera mankhwala otentha a mtedza ndi caramel. Mitundu yopepuka imangowotcha pang’ono kuti fungo latsopano la maluwa lisungidwe.
Kuumitsa kotheratu / 足干 — zúgān: Kukhazikitsa komaliza kwa chinyezi mpaka pa ≤ 5%, kumapangitsa kuti tiyi akhale wotiwasungidwa kwanthaŵi yaitali.

6. Makhalidwe Abwino a Zimene Zimamveka ndi Zimene Zimaoneka:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Mizere yotalikila, yodzaza, yolimba komanso yolemera (条索紧结壮硕). Mtundu — chikasu-bulauni ndi kunyezimira kwamafuta (黄褐油润). Kukula kwake n’kofanana, masamba n’kathunthu.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Lamphamvu la maluwa ndi uchi (花蜜香), ndi fungo la orchid ndi zokometsa pang’ono. Uchi umamveka mozama, osatuluka panja — fungo “lozama,” lomwe ndi chizindikiro cha Lǐngtóu. M’mitundu yowotcha kwambiri amawonjezeredwa mankhwala otentha a mpunga wokazinga.
Fungo la m’kapu: Kukoma kwauki kumalamulira, kolukidwa mumsawo wa maluwa (蜜兰香). Fungo silimauluka, koma “losungunuka mu madzi” — poyamba limaoneka lodziletsa, koma poutitsegulira mwachidwi limadzizindikiritsa lokhala lokhuthala, lokutira ngati uchi. M’mitundu yokhala ndi okisijeni yochuluka komanso yowotcha kwambiri amatuluka mankhwala a caramel ndi mtedza; m’mitundu yopepuka — mizere yowonekera bwino ya orchid.
Kukoma: Kwakukoma (浓醇), ndi “kukokera” koonekera (粘稠感). Kukoma kumatsekemera kwambiri ndipo mwachangu, ndipo kumasanduka kumva kukoma kwakutali (回甘, huígān) ndi “kanyimbo ka pakhosi” kozama (喉韵, hóuyùn). Kufanana kwa kufatsa kwa uchi ndi kuphirira pang’ono. Ngati aphikidwa bwino, kulibe kuwawa. Mawonekedwe a kukoma akulongosoka bwino ndi mawu akuti “花香蜜韵，味甘醇爽” — fungo la maluwa, kanyimbo ka uchi, kukoma kotsekemera, kokwanira, kotsitsimula.
Mtundu wa m’kapu: Wachikasu-lalanje, wowonekera bwino komanso wowala (橙黄明亮) kwa tiyi wopangidwa koyamba; wagolide-wowonekera (金黄透亮) kwa tiyi wopangidwa bwino kwambiri. Kukula kwa mtundu kumawonjezeka pamene okisijeni ndi kuwotcha zikuwonjezeka.
Pansi pa tiyi (masamba ophikidwa): Masamba athunthu otseguka, ofewa komanso olimba, okhala ndi malire oonekera bwino: “mimba” yachikasu-bululu ndi m’mphepete ofiira-bulauni (黄腹红边). Kufanana kwa mitundu kumasonyeza kuti kugwedeza kunachitidwa moyenera.

7. Zomwe Zimapezeka M’masamba:

Ma Polyphenols: Mlingo m’masamba a masika owuma (msonga imodzi + masamba aŵiri) — 37.2 %. Ili ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba kwa mauluni, chomwe chimalongosola kukoma ndi kukokera. Panthawi ya okisijeni pang’ono, ma catechins amasintha kukhala ma theaflavins ndi ma thearubigins, omwe amapanga mtundu wachikasu-lalanje wa m’kapu ndikuwonjezera “kwanira” kwakukoma kotsala. Mphamvu ya antioxidant ya ma polyphenols a Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng imaposa kwambiri ya vitamini E.
Ma Amino Acids: Mlingo wonse — 1.5 % (m’masamba a masika owuma). L-theanine — amino acid yaikulu — imapereka kufatsa, kukoma, ndi makhalidwe “okutira” a madzi. Chiŵerengero cha ma polyphenols ndi ma amino acids (酚氨比) n’chachikulu (≈ 24.8), zomwe zimalongosola kukoma kokwanira, “kwamphamvu.”
Ma Alkaloids: Caffeine — ≥ 4.4 % (yokwera kwambiri kuposa mauluni ambiri). Theobromine ndi theophylline alipo pang’ono. Kukwera kwa caffeine kumalumikizidwa ndi kumene amakula ku mapiri (kutalikita kwa mitambo, masana aafupi, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha) ndipo kumathandizira kumva “kutsitsimula.”
Mavitamini: Vitamini C (imachepa ndi okisijeni, koma pang’ono imatsala); mavitamini a gulu B (B₁, B₂), vitamini E.
Mchere: Potassium, calcium, magnesium, cobalt, iron, manganese, aluminium, sodium, zinc, copper, phosphorus, fluoride, iodine, selenium. Kukwera kwa selenium mu nthaka ya malo apakati (0.15–0.35 mg/kg) pang’ono kumalowa m’masamba, ndikuwonjezera ubwino wake monga micronutrient.
Mafuta Ofunika ndi Mankhwala Onunkhira: Ndi gulu la zinthu zosakhazikika zomwe zimapanga “kanyimbo ka uchi” wapadera. Ma aldehydes a maluwa ndi ma terpene alcohols (linalool, geraniol, nerolidol) amapanga maziko a maluwa; zinthu zomwe zimachokera ku Maillard reaction ndi caramelization panthawi yowotcha zimawonjezera mankhwala a uchi, mtedza, ndi “mpunga wokazinga.” “Kukokera” kotsekemera kumalumikizidwa ndi kukwera kwa ma sugar osungunuka m’madzi (omwe amapezeka m’mauluni onse) ndi mgwirizano wawo ndi ma amino acids.
Chopambana: Chapadera cha mawonekedwe a mankhwala a Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng — kuphatikiza kwa ma polyphenols okwera kwambiri ndi fungo lamphamvu la uchi — sikubwerezedwa ngati kulimidwako kwasamutsidwa ku madera ena: tiyi amasunga “kukoma” ndi “fungo,” koma amataya “kanyimbo ka uchi” (蜜韵) chifukwa cha malo.

8. Ubwino Wathanzi:

Mphamvu ndi kuthandiza ubongo: Kukwera kwa caffeine (≥ 4.4 %) pamodzi ndi L-theanine kumapereka kutsitsimula kwapang’onopang’ono, kwanthaŵi yaitali, ndi kukweza chidwi popanda “kulumpha kwakukulu kwa caffeine.” L-theanine imathandizira kupanga ma α-waves mu ubongo, ndikuchepetsa nkhaŵa.
Kuteteza ndi antioxidant: Ma polyphenols (37.2 %) ndi antioxidants amphamvu achilengedwe, omwe amathetsa ma free radicals. Amachepetsa kutha kwa maselo ndi kuteteza kukhazikika kwa nembanemba za maselo.
Kuthandizira kagayidwe ka mafuta: Ma catechins ndi zotengera zawo zokhala ndi okisijeni zimathamangitsa kusweka kwa mafuta ndipo zingathandize kuchepetsa mlingo wa cholesterol ndi triglycerides mkati mwa zakudya zoyenera.
Kugayitsa chakudya: Mauluni owotcha pang’ono amasonkhezera kugaya kwa ma enzymes a chakudya ndikuwonjezera kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m’mimba m’njira yabwino. Caffeine imachulukitsa kutuluka kwa madzi a m’mimba, ndikuwonjezera chidwi cha chakudya.
Thanzi la m’kamwa: Mlingo wa fluoride ndi ma polyphenols umalepheretsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya a mano ndikuchepetsa kupangika kwa mafuta a mano.
Dongosolo la mtima: Ma flavonoids ndi ma polyphenols amawonjezera kusinthasintha kwa mitsempha ndikuthandizira kukhazikitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ngati akumwa mokhazikika.
Thandizo la micronutrient ya selenium: Tiyi wochokera kumalo apakati (nthaka yodzaza ndi selenium) angathandizire popereka micronutrient ya antioxidant.
Kumwa tiyi mozindikira: Mwambo wa gongfu-cha, womwe ndi wolumikizana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng, pawokha ndi njira yochepetsera nkhaŵa ndi kukulitsa chidwi.

9. Kuphika:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 95–100 °C. Kutentha kwakukulu n’kofunika kuti “kanyimbo ka uchi” ndi kukhwima kwa m’kapu zituluke mokwanira. Kwa mitundu yopepuka, yowotcha pang’ono, n’kutheka kuchepetsa mpaka 92–95 °C.
Mlingo wa tiyi: 5–8 g pa 100–150 ml (njira ya gongfu); kuchuluka kofanana — 5 g pa 150 ml (1 : 20–30).
Zida: Gaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn) ya porcelain yopyapyala — ndi kusankha kofala, kumatulutsa kuyera kwa fungo. Kwa mitundu yowotcha, mtsuko waung’ono wa dongo la Yixing (紫砂壶) umafewetsa kukoma. Seti yachikhalidwe ya Chaozhou: mtsuko wa Mengchen (孟臣罐), makapu a Ruochen (若琛杯).
Njira:
1. Tenthetsani gaiwan kapena mtsuko ndi madzi otentha, murutheni.
2. Thirani 5 g a tiyi mu chida chotenthetsedwa.
3. Kutsuka (润茶, rùnchá): thirani madzi otentha, sungani pafupifupi 5 masekondi, rutheni — kumwa uku sikudyedwa.
4. Kutulutsa koyamba: thirani madzi otentha a 95–100 °C, sungani 10 masekondi, rutheni mwachangu mu chahai (公道杯) ndipo thirani m’makapu.
5. Kutulutsa kobwereza: 8–10 mphika, ndikuwonjezera nthawi ya kutulutsa kulikonse ndi masekondi 5. Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng wabwino amatha kutulutsa mpaka 10 ndikusunga fungo.
6. Yang’anirani kusintha kwake: kutulutsa koyamba — fungo la maluwa lowala; pakati — “kanyimbo ka uchi” kokwanira; kumapeto — kukoma kofewa ndi mizere yamitengo.
Njira yozizira (冷泡法): 5 g a tiyi pa 500 ml a madzi ozizira mu chidebe chagalasi, maola 4–6 mufiriji. Mumatulutsa chakumwa chotsitsimula chokhala ndi fungo la uchi loyera, choyenera nyengo yotentha.

10. Kusunga:

Mikhalidwe: Zotengerera zosatithidwa, zosawonekera (matumba a vacuum, mabotolo achitsulo, miphika yadothi). Sungani pamalo owuma, ozizira (15–25 °C), kutali ndi kuwala kwa dzuŵa ndi magwero a kutentha.
Zinthu zoipa kwa tiyi: Chinyezi, kutentha kwakukulu, mafungo ena, kuwala kwa dzuŵa.
Zapadera malinga ndi mtundu: Mitundu yowotcha pang’ono (ya mtundu wa 芝兰香) ndiyosavuta kupsa; ndi bwino kuiwononga pasanathe miyezi 6–12. Mitundu yowotcha pang’ono kapena kwambiri (ya mtundu wa 蜜兰香 wokwanira kuwotcha) ndiyokhazikika kwambiri — imatha kukhwima posungidwa, ndikuonjezera kuzama ndi kukoma kokwanira.
Malingaliro: Tiyi watsopano amalangizidwa “kuti apumule” masiku 5–7 mutamugula mu zotengerera zotsekedwa kutali ndi kuwala — izi zimalola kuti “moto” (火气) uchoke, ndipo fungo likhazikike.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Gawo la mtengo: Zimatengera msinkhu wa kukula, nyengo, mtundu, kupanga pamanja kapena ndi makina, kuchuluka kwa kuwotcha, ndi mbiri ya wopanga. Mitengo yoyembekezera (pa 500 g, msika wa mkati mwa China): mtundu wapadera (特级, msonga imodzi / msonga imodzi + tsamba limodzi) — kuyambira 800 yuan; mtundu woyamba (一级, msonga imodzi + masamba aŵiri) — 300–600 yuan; mtundu wachiŵiri (二级, msonga imodzi + masamba atatu, chiŵerengero chabwino cha mtengo ndi mtundu) — 100–300 yuan. Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng pa chonse ndi wotchipa poyerekeza ndi ma Fènghuáng Dān Cóng osapafupi ochokera ku nsonga za Wudong, zomwe zimamupangitsa kukhala wokopa ngati dancong “watsiku ndi tsiku” wapamwamba.
Mungapewe bwanji zonyenga:
- Gulani kwa ogulitsa omwe ali ndi njira yowonekera yochokera ndi zikalata za geographical indication (地理标志).
- Yang’anani kufanana kwa masamba: Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng weniweni amakhala ndi mizere yodzaza, yofanana yamtundu wachikasu-bulauni wowala ndi mafuta; kusafanana ndi “ufa” kumasonyeza kusakaniza.
- Yesani fungo: “kanyimbo ka uchi” ndi kozama, “koloŵa,” osati kokakamiza. Fungo lakuthwa, “lochita zamankhwala,” kapena lowala kwambiri ndi chizindikiro cha kununkhira mwachilengedwe.
- Yesani madzi: tiyi weniweni amapereka madzi okhuthala, “okokera” okhala ndi kukoma kwakutsalira mwachangu; zonyenga nthaŵi zambiri zimakhala zamadzimadzi, zowawa, kapena zotsekemera zopanda kanthu.
- Khalani tcheru ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri kwa mitundu yamapiri apamwamba kapena “yapadera.”

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:

Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng ndi mtundu wokhawo pakati pa mitundu yonse ya mitengo ya tiyi yodziŵika yomwe imapanga “kanyimbo ka uchi” (蜜韵): palibe mtundu wina uliwonse, ngakhale m’banja lalikulu la madancong, omwe amabweretsa panthawi imodzi fungo la uchi ndi kukoma kwake ndi kulimbikitsana kwawo. Ndi chifukwa chake “kanyimbo ka uchi” amaonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha mtundu uwu.
Mtundu wolimidwa umakhala “wakwiya” mwakuti umayamba kukula kale mu February — kumene kumachitika pasadakhale ma dancong ena ambiri. Chifukwa cha izi komanso kukolola kwakukulu, n’chomwe chakhala mtundu wodziŵika kwambiri m’chigawo cha Guangdong: malo olimapo kunja kwa Raoping amaposa 200,000 mu (oposa 13,000 ha).
Mu 1990, tiyi uyu adalandira udindo wa “Tiyi wa Boma Wolandirira Alendo” (国宾茶), womwe umaperekedwa pamisonkhano ya boma ya People’s Republic of China.
Luso lachikhalidwe la “kutentha katatu ndi kuyanika katatu” (三焗三晒) limafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nsungwi ndi matabwa okha, kuletsa kukhudzana kwa masamba ndi zitsulo — amakhulupirira kuti zitsulo zimayambitsa okisijeni yosafunikira ndipo “imawononga” fungo.
Ngati Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng adabzalidwa kumadera ena, tiyi amasunga “kukoma” (甘) ndi “fungo” (香), koma amataya “kanyimbo” (韵) kwenikweni — chigawo cha malo chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa dongo la granite, mvumbi, ndi selenium ya phiri la Shuangji Niang.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi ma Dancong ena a ku Guangdong:

Fènghuáng Dān Cóng Mì Lán Xiāng (凤凰单丛蜜兰香, Fènghuáng Dān Cóng Mì Lán Xiāng): Ndi woyandikana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa fungo — amagawidwanso monga “wa uchi-orchid.” Komabe, Fènghuáng Mì Lán Xiāng kaŵirikaŵiri amasonyeza fungo “lalitali,” lowuluka lomwe lili ndi mzere wamaluwa owonekera, pamene Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng amazindikiridwa ndi uchi “wozama,” wosungunuka mumsana wa madzi. Kukoma kwa Lǐngtóu n’kukhuthala ndi “kulemera,” komanso “kukokera” koonekerera.
Fènghuáng Dān Cóng Zhī Lán Xiāng (凤凰单丛芝兰香, Fènghuáng Dān Cóng Zhī Lán Xiāng): Mtundu wa orchid — fungo labwino, lalitali, lowonekera; m’thupi mopepuka, kukoma kofewa. Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng ndi wamphamvu komanso wokhuthala, ndi gawo la uchi lomwe limatsogolera. Lǐngtóu wa mtundu wa 芝兰香 ali pafupi ndi fanizo lake la Fenghuang, koma amasungabe “msuzi wa uchi.”
Fènghuáng Dān Cóng Huáng Zhī Xiāng (凤凰单丛黄枝香, Fènghuáng Dān Cóng Huáng Zhī Xiāng): Mtundu wa gardenia — fungo lotsekemera, “lonunkhiritsa”; “mphepete wofiira — mimba yobiriŵira” yoonekera bwino mu pansi pa tiyi. Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng wa mtundu wa Huáng Zhī Xiāng nayenso amasonyeza mankhwala a gardenia, koma ndi kuzama kowonjezera kwa uchi, komwe sikulipo m’mafanizo achikale a Fenghuang.
Fènghuáng Shuǐ Xiān (凤凰水仙, Fènghuáng Shuǐ Xiān): “Nkhunzimirizi yamphongo yapanyanja” yoyambirira — mtsogoleri wa ma dancong onse. Fungo losasiyanitsidwa bwino, mawonekedwe a kukoma osavuta, “otakata.” Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng mwachibadwa amachokera m’gulu limeneli, koma chifukwa cha kusintha kwachilengedwe ndi kusankha, wapeza “kanyimbo ka uchi” kozindikirika komwe sikulipo mwa makolo ake.

14. Mitundu ya Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng (malinga ndi mtundu wa fungo):

Mì Lán Xiāng (蜜兰香, Mì Lán Xiāng) — wa uchi-orchid: Mtundu waukulu, wofala kwambiri. Fungo lamphamvu la maluwa ndi uchi, madzi ofiira-lalanje owonekera, kukoma kokwanira ndi kukoma kwakutsalira kwamphamvu. Ndiwo maziko a “kanyimbo ka uchi.”
Zhī Lán Xiāng (芝兰香, Zhī Lán Xiāng) — wa orchid: Fungo labwino, lalitali, “lozizira”; madzi a golide achikasu; pansi pa tiyi — wobiriŵira ngati emerald, wofanana. Mtundu wa okisijeni yochepa.
Huáng Zhī Xiāng (黄枝香, Huáng Zhī Xiāng) — wa gardenia: Fungo lotsekemera la gardenia (栀子花); kukoma kofewa, kotsekemera; pansi pa tiyi ndi “mphepete wofiira ndi mimba yobiriŵira” yoonekerera.
Guìhuā Xiāng (桂花香, Guìhuā Xiāng) — wa osmanthus: Fungo lotsekemera la osmanthus (桂花); kupsa kwakukulu kwa kuphika kochuluka. Kaŵirikaŵiri amapezeka pa kusonkha kwa dzinja.

Pomaliza:

Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng ndi tiyi wachilendo: n’wotchipa komanso “wosavuta” kupanga kuposa ma dancong ambiri apamwamba a Fenghuang, komabe ali ndi mkhalidwe womwe supezeka mwa mtundu wina uliwonse — “kanyimbo ka uchi” keniweni, komwe uchi sumangonunkhira kapena kumveka pakamwa, koma umakhala gawo losagawanika la chidziŵitso chonse cha tiyi. Pambuyo pake pali kufanana kwenikweni kwa majini a nkhunzimirizi yamphongo yosintha, dongo la granite la selenium la Shuangji Niang, mvumbi wa monsoon wa kum’mawa kwa Guangdong, ndi luso lazaka zana la akatswiri a Chao’an.

Kwa woyamba kumene, Lǐngtóu Dān Cóng ndi khomo loyenera lolowera m’dziko la madancong: wamphamvu, womveka, ndi wowolowa manja. Kwa wokonda kwambiri — ndi chifukwa choganizira momwe mtundu wina wosintha umodzi, wopezeka ndi mlimi mu 1961, unasinthira kukhala mtundu wolimidwa wokhala ndi msika wa mabiliyoni ambiri ndi chidindo chosaiŵalika cha malo.