Lìchuān Gōngfu Hóngchá

Lìchuān Hóng ndi tiyi wofiira wapamwamba kwambiri wochokera m’chigawo cha mapiri cha Lìchuān kumwera chakumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Húběi, ndi imodzi mwa zipilala za mtundu wotchuka wa “Yíhóng” (宜红), umene uli m’gulu la tiyi wofiira wamkulu wotchedwa gōngfu hóngchá anayi a ku China. Tiyiyu adatchuka chifukwa cha chodabwitsa chapadera chotchedwa “lěnghòuhún” (冷后浑) — “kusanduka thobvu pozizira,” pamene madzi a tiyi akazizira amasanduka madzi osaoneka bwino ngati mafuta, ndipo akatenthedwanso amakhala oyera kwa iye. Chodabwitsa ichi chimaonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha khalidwe lapamwamba la tiyi wofiira. Mu 2018, Lìchuān Hóng anaperekedwa ngati tiyi wa boma pa “Dōnghú Cháxù” (东湖茶叙) — msonkhano wapadera wa tiyi pakati pa atsogoleri a China ndi India.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wofiira (红茶, hóngchá) — wokwanira kufufumuka (kuthiridwa okosijeni). Ndi wa gulu lapamwamba la gōngfu hóngchá (工夫红茶) — tiyi wofiira umene umafuna luso lapadera popanga ndi njira zambiri zosamalitsa. M’mizinda ya Kumadzulo, amadziwika ngati tiyi wakuda.
Gulu: Tiyi wofiira wapamwamba wa ku China wotetezedwa ndi chigawo chake (国家地理标志保护产品). Ali m’gulu la “Yíhóng Gōngfu” (宜红工夫, Yíhóng Gōngfu) — imodzi mwa miyambo inayi ikuluikulu ya tiyi wofiira wa gōngfu ku China, pamodzi ndi Qíhóng (祁红), Diānhóng (滇红) ndi Mǐnhóng (闽红). Ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha mtundu wa “Ēnshī Xīchá” (恩施硒茶, “Tiyi wa Selenium wochokera ku Ēnshī”). Njira yopangira yalembedwa m’kaundula wa cholowa chosakhala chakuthupi cha chigawo cha Húběi.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Húběi (湖北省, Húběi Shěng), dera la Ēnshī-Tǔjiāzú-Miáozú (恩施土家族苗族自治州, Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu), mzinda wa Lìchuān (利川市, Lìchuān Shì). Malo apakati a kupanga ndi tawuni ya Máobà (毛坝镇, Máobà Zhèn), yomwe ili pansi pa phiri la Sīngdòushān National Nature Reserve (星斗山国家级自然保护区). Malo enanso ofunika ndi Zhōnglù (忠路镇), Bǎiyángbà (柏杨坝镇), Shāxī (沙溪乡), Wéndòu (文斗乡).
Ma Coordinates: Pafupifupi 30°05′ kumpoto, 108°56′ kummaŵa. Minda ya tiyi ili pa 800–1500 m pamwamba pa nyanja (yayikulu ili pafupifupi 900 m).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Kulima tiyi ku Lìchuān kumachokera zaka mazana ambiri. Malinga ndi “Mbiri ya Mzinda wa Lìchuān” (《利川县志》, Lìchuān Xiànzhì), tiyi wakhala akulimidwa kuno kuyambira nthawi ya Xīzhōu (西周, Xīzhōu, 1046–771 BCE). Mu nthawi ya Míng (明, 1368–1644), tiyi wa m’derali wotchedwa “Wùdòng Chá” (雾洞茶, “Tiyi wochokera ku phanga la nkhungu”) anali kutumizidwa kale ku nyumba yachifumu ngati mphatso. Komabe, kupanga tiyi wofiira m’mafakitale kunayamba mochedwa kwambiri — chapakati pa zaka za m’ma 1800, pamene wamalonda wa ku Guangdong Jūn Dàfú (钧大福) anayamba kugula tiyi wofiira ku Lìchuān kuti agulitse kunja kudzera ku Wǔhàn. Chochitika chachikulu chinali kutsegulidwa kwa doko la Yíchāng (宜昌) kuti lizichita malonda ndi mayiko akunja mu 1876 (pansi pa mgwirizano wa Chifu): khomo la msika wapadziko lonse linatseguka, ndipo Lìchuān inasanduka malo achimodzi a kupanga tiyi wofiira wogulitsidwa kunja, umene amalonda akunja anautcha “Yíhóng” (宜红). Pofika mu 1880, tiyi wofiira wa ku Lìchuān anali kutumizidwa kale ku Russia ndi Great Britain. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1900, malinga ndi malipoti ena, Lìchuān inali ndi mpaka 80% ya tiyi yense wa Yíhóng wotumizidwa kunja.

Mu 1951, Húběi Tea Company inatsegula malo ogulira ku Lìchuān, ndipo mwamwambo inailowetsa mu dongosolo la boma la opanga Yíhóng Gōngfu. Mu 1980, katswiri wa ofesi ya zinthu zapadera ya m’chigawo, Sòng Běnduō (宋本多), pofufuza zinthu za tiyi ku Máobà, anapeza mitundu iwiri yapadera ya chitsamba cha tiyi: “Lěnghòuhún” (冷后浑, “Kusanduka thobvu pozizira”) — cha kupangira tiyi wofiira wapamwamba kwambiri, ndi “Máobà Zǎoyī” (毛坝早一, “Máobà Oyamba Msanga”) — cha tiyi wobiriŵira. Zinthu zimenezi zinasankha tsogolo la tiyi wa ku Lìchuān. Mu 2012, mtundu wa “Lìchuān Yíhóng” unasinthidwa kukhala “Lìchuān Gōngfu Hóngchá” (mwachidule “Lìchuān Hóng”, 利川红) kuti utsindike chikhalidwe cha m’deralo. Mu 2017, Ofesi Yowona za Ubwino ya Boma inapatsa tiyiyu udindo wa chinthu chotetezedwa ndi chigawo. Mu April 2018, Lìchuān Hóng anaperekedwa pa “Dōnghú Cháxù” (东湖茶叙) — msonkhano wa tiyi pakati pa atsogoleri a China ndi India m’mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Kum’maŵa ku Wǔhàn, zomwe zinakweza kwambiri kutchuka kwake ku China ndi kunja.
Dzina: “Lìchuān” (利川) — kutanthauza “Chigwa Chokongola” — ndi dzina la mzinda, lotchula zigwa zokongola za mtsinje wa Qīngjiāng, zozunguliridwa ndi mapiri. “Gōngfu” (工夫) — “luso,” “ukatswiri” — limasonyeza gulu la tiyi wofiira lomwe limafuna kusamalidwa mwaluso. “Hóngchá” (红茶) — “tiyi wofiira.”
Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe: Lìchuān ili m’dera lomwe anthu a fuko la Tǔjiā (土家族, Tǔjiāzú) akhala kuyambira kale. Tiyi ali ndi malo apakati m’miyambo ya Tǔjiā: pa ukwati, amaimira mphamvu ya moyo ndi kukhulupirika; m’miyambo ya maliro, amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa mophiphiritsira; ndipo pa Chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano (春节, Chūnjié) amaperekedwa ngati chakumwa chofunikira. Mu 2020, Lìchuān inalandira dzina la “Mzinda wa Chikhalidwe cha Tiyi ku China” (中国茶文化之乡), loperekedwa ndi International Research Association of Chinese Tea Culture. Akuluakulu khumi ndi aŵiri a chipani chotsatizana cha tawuni ya Máobà kwa zaka zopitirira 30 adalimbikitsa mosadukiza bizinesi ya tiyi — mfundo imeneyi inasanduka chizindikiro cha kuleza mtima ndi kutsatana mu kulima tiyi ku China.

3. Kufotokozera Kwamera ndi Zopangira:

Mitundu / Mitundu yamakono: Pali mitundu ingapo imene imagwiritsidwa ntchito, iliyonse ili ndi makhalidwe ake:
- Lěnghòuhún (冷后浑, Lěnghòuhún): Mtundu wapadera wa m’derali umene unapezeka mu 1980. Ndi umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga Lìchuān Hóng wapamwamba wokhala ndi cholakwa cha “kusanduka thobvu pozizira.” Umakula pang’onopang’ono, zaka zinayi zoyambirira umakula mopingasa, umapereka zokolola zochepa, ndipo ndi wovuta kuubereketsa ndi kudula timitengo. Masamba ake ali ndi theaflavins ndi thearubigins zambiri.
- Zhōngchá 108 (中茶108, Zhōngchá 108): Mtundu wosankhidwa wa Tea Research Institute of China, wolimbana ndi chisanu, ndi wochuluka bwino.
- Èchá 10 (鄂茶10号, Èchá 10 hào): Wosankhidwa ku Húběi, woloŵererana ndi nyengo ya m’mapiri.
- Èchá 1 (鄂茶1号, Èchá 1 hào): Mtundu winanso wa ku Húběi.
- Zhūyèqí (槠叶齐, Zhūyèqí): Mtundu wamba womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m’njira zosiyanasiyana, wokhala ndi kukoma kowawa.
- Máobà Zǎoyī (毛坝早一, Máobà Zǎoyī): Mtundu wapadera wa m’derali wopsa msanga, womwe umapsa masiku 20 msanga kuposa ena. Umathandiza kupanga “funiro lopatulika” (三香合一): kufatsa kwa msana, kukoma ngati chestnut, ndi kufesa kwa maluwa.
- Komano kulinso mtundu wakuthengo wotchedwa Zhúyè Qīng (竹叶青, Zhúyè Qīng, Camellia crassicolumna), womwe umapereka kukoma kowawa kwapadera. Mitundu yonse yayikuluyi ndi ya Camellia sinensis var. sinensis.
Kututa: Nyengo yakututa imayamba kumapeto kwa February mpaka August. Kututa kwa masika (春茶): mphukira imodzi ndi masamba awiri akumtunda, osachepera 60% ndi tintsitsi. Kututa kwa chirimwe (夏茶): mphukira imodzi ndi masamba atatu, tintsitsi osaposa 30%. Kututa kwa masika kumadziwika kuti ndi kwamtengo wapatali kwambiri.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe Olowera:

Dera: Kummwera chakumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Húběi, pamalire a Húběi, Húnán ndi Chóngqìng. Mindayo ili m’chigwa cha mtsinje wa Qīngjiāng (清江, Qīngjiāng) — “Mtsinje wa Amayi wa Tǔjiā,” ndi m’mphepete mwa mapiri a Qíyuèshān (齐岳山), Sīngdòushān (星斗山) ndi Fóbǎoshān (佛宝山). Derali lili pa 30° kumpoto kwa equator — “malo abwino opangira tiyi.”
Kutalika kwa malo: 800–1500 m pamwamba pa nyanja, minda yaikulu ili pafupifupi 900 m. Kutalika kwapakati kwa Lìchuān ndi 1100 m, mzindawo umadziwika kuti “Mzinda Wozizira Wakumadzulo” (西部凉城).
Nthaka: Nthawi zambiri ndi ya chikasu-bulauni yosasamuka (黄棕壤, huáng zōng rǎng) yokhala ndi pH 4.8–5.2, yakuya (kupitirira 80 cm), yokhala ndi zowola zambiri (> 2%) ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, yokhala ndi selenium (硒, xī) mwachilengedwe. Selenium mu tiyi wa ku Lìchuān amakhala pakati pa 0.25–4 mg/kg — chimodzi mwa zambiri kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wa ku China.
Nyengo: Ndi ya chigawo cha kum’mawa kotentha ndi mapiri, yokhala ndi kusiyana kwa kutalika. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka kumakhala +14–16.7 °C (chilimwe pafupifupi +22.2 °C, opanda kutentha kwakukulu: kutentha kwakukulu kwa mbiri ndi 35 °C). Mvula yapachaka ndi pafupifupi 1400 mm. Kumakhala nkhungu zambiri, mitambo, ndipo dzuŵa limakhala lochepa. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku kumachedwetsa kukula kwa masamba a tiyi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zinthu zambiri zonunkhira ndi ma phenolic compounds. Nkhalango m’derali ndi yopitirira 64% ndipo m’dera la malo otetezedwa a Sīngdòushān ndi yopitirira 85%.
Chodabwitsa: Malowa ndi a miyala ya karst omwe ali ndi mapanga ambiri ndi mitsinje yapansi panthaka. Dera la Sīngdòushān National Nature Reserve limatsimikizira kuti tiyiyu ndi waukhondo kwambiri.

5. Njira Yopangira:

Kupanga Lìchuān Gōngfu Hóngchá ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yomwe imafuna luso lapadera (gōngfu). Akatswiri abwino kwambiri amagwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la “zoyambira zinayi, zomalizira zisanu ndi zitatu” (四初八精, sì chū bā jīng), lopangidwa ndi Qīu Jiànhóng (邱建红), katswiri wamkulu wa kampani ya “Sīngdòushān Hóngchá.”

Kufowoketsa (萎凋, wěidiāo): Masamba otutidwa amayalidwa kuti awononge chinyezi kwa maola 12–24 mpaka chinyezi chitsike ku 62%. Panthawiyi kufufumuka kwachilengedwe kumayamba, ma enzyme amayambitsidwa, ndipo masamba amakhala ofewa ndi osalala. M’mafakitale ena amagwiritsa ntchito chipinda chamagetsi chofowoketsa (电萎凋槽, diàn wěidiāo cáo), chopangidwa ndi Qīu Jiànhóng kuti zinthu zikhale zokhazikika.
Kupota (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kumachitika m’magawo aŵiri. Kupota koyamba kumatenga pafupifupi mphindi 45 m’mishini yopota, kachiwiri pafupifupi mphindi 30 kuti masamba akhale olimba ngati zingwe ndi kuwononganso makoma a maselo. Akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira 14 zamanja: “搭、抹、抖、捺、压、抓、荡、推、搓、滚、捞、拍、挺、磨” (dā, mǒ, dǒu, nà, yā, zhuā, dàng, tuī, cuō, gǔn, lāo, pāi, tǐng, mó).
Kufufumutsa (发酵, fājiào): Gawo lofunika kwambiri. Masamba opoteredwa amaikidwa mosanjikiza ndi kuphimbidwa ndi nsalu zonyowa za bafuta. Kutentha kumayang’aniridwa pa 23–25 °C, osaposa 30 °C. Panthawi ya kufufumutsa, ma polyphenols amathiridwa okosijeni kwambiri, kupanga ma theaflavins ndi thearubigins, omwe amapanga mtundu, fungo ndi kukoma. Kukhwima kumadziwika ndi katswiri posintha mtundu wa masamba (kukhala ofiira ngati mkuwa) ndi kutuluka kwa fungo la zipatso ndi maluwa.
Kuyanika (烘干, hōnggān): Kuyanika koyamba pa kutentha pafupifupi 115 °C kuti kufufumuka kuyime ndi kuti zomwe zapezedwa zikhazikike. Chinyezi chimatsika kukhala chochepera 6%.
Kusankha ndi kukonza (精制, jīngzhì): Tiyi wofiira wosaphika (红毛茶, hóng máochá) amapita pa njira zovuta kwambiri: kusefa (毛筛, 抖筛, 分筛), kudula (切断), kupeta (风选), kusankha ndi manja (拣剔), kuyanikanso (补火), kuziziritsa (清风), kuphatikiza (拼和) ndi kuyika m’mabokosi (装箱). Ndi ntchito yolemetsa imeneyi yomwe inapatsa gulu limeneli dzina loti “gōngfu” — “luso.”

6. Makhalidwe Organoleptic:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Amaoneka osamalitsa, olimba, opoteredwa bwino ngati zingwe zazitali pafupifupi 2 cm, amtundu wakuda kwambiri pafupifupi wakuda, wonyezimira ngati mafuta (乌润, wūrùn). Pamwamba pake pamawonekera tintsitsi zagolide (金毫, jīnháo).
Funiro la masamba owuma: Lamphamvu, lofunda, lokutira. Mulinso fungo la chestnut wokazinga (板栗香, bǎnlì xiāng), zipatso zouma (makamaka ma persimmon ndi ma dates), ndi zonunkhira pang’ono komanso kakang’ono ka mkate wophikidwa.
Funiro la madzi: Lovuta, lokoma, lokhala ndi fungo la uchi (花蜜香, huāmì xiāng), zipatso, ndi matabwa. Akazizira, kumatuluka fungo la maluwa.
Kukoma: Kolimba, kodzazidwa, koma lofewa, kopanda kuwawa kwambiri. Kumayamba ndi kutsekemera kwa uchi, kuphatikiza ndi kukoma kowawa kofewa komanso kamvekedwe ka khungwa la mtengo wa oak ndi zipatso zokazinga. Mawonekedwe ake ndi akuda, onga mafuta, okutira.
Kukoma kotsalira: Kwa nthawi yayitali, kotenthetsa, kotsekemera, komwe kumabweretsanso kutsitsimula kwa zipatso ngati apulo la Antonovka. Kukoma kotsalira — “huí gān” (回甘, kutsekemera kobwerera) — kumapitirira kwa mphindi zingapo.
Mtundu wa madzi: Wonyezimira, wowala, wofiira ngati agate wozama wokhala ndi mawonekedwe agolide — “Mǎnǎo Hóng” (玛瑙红, “Mtundu wa agate”). Mphepete mwa kapu mumaonekera mzere wagolide (金圈). Akazizira pansi pa 8–10 °C, zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri zimasonyeza cholakwa cha “lěnghòuhún” (冷后浑) — madzi amasanduka thobvu, kukhala osaoneka bwino ngati mafuta, ndipo amayambanso kuwala akatenthedwa.
Masamba otsalira (otenthedwa): Masamba ofewa, osweka, olimba amtundu wofiira ngati mkuwa, okhala ndi mphukira zoonekera. Kusiyana kofanana kumasonyeza kuti kufufumutsa kunachitika bwino.

7. Zomwe Zili M’masamba:

Theaflavins (茶黄素): Pafupifupi 1.2%. Amapangitsa kuti madzi akhale owala, mzere wagolide ndi mphamvu zolimbikitsa. Ndilo kuchuluka kwa ma theaflavins komwe kumapangitsa cholakwa cha “lěnghòuhún.”
Thearubigins (茶红素): Pafupifupi 2.2%. Amapereka kuya kwa mtundu, kukhuthala ndi kufewa kwa madzi.
Ma Catechin otsalira (kuphatikiza EGCG): Pafupifupi 7% (pambuyo pa kufufumutsa). Amapereka mphamvu zolimbana ndi ma free radicals.
Caffeine (咖啡碱): Pafupifupi 2.5%. Amalimbikitsa thupi.
Ma Amino acid: L-theanine ndi ma amino acid ena aulere, omwe amapanga kukoma ndi umami.
Ma Polysaccharides: Amakhudza mawonekedwe a madzi ndi kukhuthala kwake.
Mafuta onunkhira: Linalool, geraniol, methyl salicylate, β-ionone ndi zina — amapanga fungo lapadera la “chestnut ndi uchi.”
Selenium (硒): 0.25–4 mg/kg — yochokera mwachilengedwe m’nthaka. Selenium ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi ma free radicals komanso imathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi.
Chodabwitsa: Chimene chimawonedwa ndi kuchuluka kwake kwa ma theaflavins (TF) ku ma digallate esters (TFdiG) kopitirira 4:1, zomwe, malinga ndi ofufuza, zimafotokozera kusakanikirana kwa kukoma kowawa kolimba ndi kusakhalako kwa kuwawa kotheratu. Mphamvu yayikulu yolimbana ndi ma free radicals ya tiyiyu yatsimikiziridwa ndi muyeso wa ORAC pafupifupi 35,000 μTE/100 g.

8. Ubwino Wake:

Mphamvu yolimbikitsa: Caffeine pamodzi ndi L-theanine zimapereka mphamvu yofewa, yokhazikika, imawonjezera mphamvu yogwira ntchito ndi chidwi popanda nkhawa.
Kuteteza ku ma free radicals: Kuphatikiza kwa ma theaflavins, ma catechins ndi selenium kumapereka chitetezo champhamvu ku ma cell ku ma free radicals (ORAC ~ 35,000 μTE/100 g).
Kuthandizira mtima ndi mitsempha: Ma theaflavins ndi thearubigins amathandiza kulimbitsa makoma a mitsempha, kuyendetsa bwino magazi ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mitsempha.
Kuwongolera shuga wa m’magazi: Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti amalepheretsa ma alpha- ndi beta-amylase, zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose pambuyo pa chakudya.
Kuwongolera chakudya: Kumathandiza kuti m’mimba muziyenda bwino, makamaka pambuyo pa chakudya chochuluka ndi chamafuta.
Kusintha khungu: Ma antioxidants ndi selenium zimathandiza kuti khungu likhale lolimba komanso lathanzi.
Mphamvu yotenthetsa: Tiyi wofiira ndi “wotentha” mwachilengedwe, ndiye kuti ndi wabwino kwambiri ku nyengo yozizira ya m’mapiri komanso m’nyengo yozizira.

9. Kuwira:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 90–95 °C. Madzi ofewa, oyera.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 5–7 g pa 100–150 ml ya madzi ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito njira yothira; 3–4 g pa 200 ml ngati mukuwiritsa m’njira ya ku Ulaya.
Zombo: Gàiwǎn (盖碗) ya porcelain ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yomwe imathandiza kuyang’anira nthawi yochotsera. Mphika wa Yíxīng kapena wa porcelain nawonso ndi wabwino.
Njira (kuthira — gōngfu chá):
1. Tenthetsani zombo ndi madzi otentha, tsanulani.
2. Ikani tiyi wouma mu gàiwǎn yotentha.
3. Kutsuka (润茶, rùnchá): Thirani madzi otentha ndipo nthaŵi yomweyo tsanulani — “kudzutsa” masamba opoteredwa mwamphamvu.
4. Kuthira koyamba: Thirani madzi a 90–95 °C, londani kwa masekondi 10–20.
5. Kuthira kopitirira: Wonjezerani nthawi ndi masekondi 5–10 pakuthira kulikonse.
6. Lìchuān Hóng wabwino kwambiri amatha kukhalapo kwa kuthira 5–8, kutsegula pang’onopang’ono utoto kuchokera ku chestnut-uchi mpaka ku zipatso ndi zotsekemera.

Upangiri: Kuti muwone cholakwa cha “lěnghòuhún,” siyani madzi otsalira mu cháhái (公道杯) kuti aziziretu — kutentha kutsika pansi pa 8–10 °C, madziwo amasanduka thobvu. Kuwatentha kumabwezeretsa kuwala.

10. Kusunga:

Lìchuān Gōngfu Hóngchá amasungidwa m’chidebe chosapumira mpweya, chosapatsa kuwala (mtsuko wa dothi kapena chitini, thumba lolimba la zitsulo) m’malo owuma, ozizira, osaposa 25 °C, kutali ndi kuwala kwa dzuŵa ndi fungo lamphamvu lina. Chinyezi m’malo osungira sichiyenera kupitirira 60%. Kuyika m’firiji sikufunika. Nthaŵi yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito ndi miyezi 18–36. Opanga ena amalimbikitsa kuti tiyiyu “apumule” kwa miyezi 1–2 pambuyo popanga kuti kukoma kugwirizane.

11. Mtengo ndi Zopeka:

Gulu la mtengo: Lìchuān Hóng ali m’gulu lapakati ndi lapamwamba la tiyi wofiira wa ku China. Mitundu wamba — 300–350 yuan pa 500 g; tiyi wabwino wokhala ndi mphamvu ya “lěnghòuhún” — 800–1500 yuan; gulu lapadera (特级) ndi magulu apamwamba ochokera ku zinthu za “Lěnghòuhún” — kuchokera 3000 yuan ndi kupitirira pa 500 g.
Momwe mungapewere zopeka:
- Gulani kuchokera kwa ogulitsa omwe ali ndi mgwirizano wotsimikizirika ndi Lìchuān komanso chizindikiro cha chigawo.
- Yang’anani mawonekedwe a masamba: ayenera kukhala olimba, opoteredwa bwino ngati zingwe (osati magawo akuluakulu, osweka).
- Yesani fungo: fungo lodziwika la chestnut-uchi, lopanda acidity kapena zonunkhira zouma.
- Yesani madzi: mtundu wonyezimira wofiira wa “agate” wokhala ndi mzere wagolide. Zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri zimasonyeza “lěnghòuhún” pozizira.
- Mtengo wotsika kwambiri wa tiyi womwe akuti ndi Lìchuān Hóng wokhala ndi mphamvu ya “lěnghòuhún” ndi chifukwa chokayikira.

12. Mfundo Zosangalatsa:

Tiyi wa boma: Pa 28 April 2018, Lìchuān Hóng pamodzi ndi Ēnshī Yùlù (恩施玉露) adaperekedwa pa “Dōnghú Cháxù” — mwambo wa tiyi m’mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Kum’maŵa ku Wǔhàn, pomwe atsogoleri a China ndi India adakambirana za ubale wapadziko lonse. Chochitika ichi nthawi yomweyo chinasandutsa Lìchuān Hóng kukhala imodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya tiyi wofiira wa ku China.
Cholakwa cha “lěnghòuhún”: Kusanduka thobvu pozizira ndi zotsatira za kusakanikirana kwa ma theaflavins ndi caffeine, kupanga zinthu zovuta zomwe zimachoka m’madzi kutentha kukatsika. Cholakwa ichi chimawoneka kokha mu tiyi wokhala ndi ma theaflavins ochuluka kwambiri — ndiye kuti ndi “satifiketi” ya khalidwe labwino la sayansi.
Zaka 30 — alembi khumi ndi aŵiri: Akuluakulu khumi ndi aŵiri omwe adatsatizana pa mzinda wa Máobà kwa zaka zopitirira makumi atatu adalimbikitsa mosalekeza bizinesi ya tiyi — chitsanzo cha kuleza mtima, chomwe chinasanduka chizindikiro cha “gōngfu” ya tiyi mwachidziwitso.
Kuchokera ku Lìchuān kupita ku Morocco: Kampani ya Lìchuān “Jīnlì Cháyè” (金利茶业) inakhala kampani yoyamba ya tiyi yaku China kutsegula bizinesi yake yopangira kunja — ku Morocco, kulembetsa mtundu wawo ndi kumanga fakitale yolongedza.
Mwambo wa tiyi wa Tǔjiā umaphatikizapo kulosera ndi tiyi usiku wa Chaka Chatsopano: ngati m’mawa, m’kapu yoikidwa patsogolo pa guwa la makolo, pamaonekera madzi a thobvu, izi zimaonedwa ngati chizindikiro chabwino — kutanthauza kuti “mzimu wa makolo wawalawa tiyi.”

13. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Wofiira Wina:

Qímén Hóngchá (祁门红茶, Qímén Hóngchá) — Ānhuī: Ndi gōngfu hóng wa chikale wokhala ndi “funiro la Qímén” (祁门香) lodziwika bwino — fungo la orchid, ma plum ndi uchi. Ndi wopepuka komanso wonunkhira kuposa Lìchuān Hóng, wokhala ndi thupi lochepa. Lìchuān Hóng amaposa uwu pa kukhuthala ndi kukhazikika kwa madzi.
Diānhóng (滇红, Diānhóng) — Yúnnán: Wopangidwa kuchokera ku masamba akuluakulu a var. assamica. Ali ndi fungo lamphamvu la malt-uchi, thupi lakuda, ndi tintsitsi zagolide zambiri. Lìchuān Hóng amapangidwa kuchokera ku masamba ang’onoang’ono a var. sinensis ndipo ali ndi khalidwe la chestnut-zipatso, osati la malt kwambiri.
Yíchāng Gōngfu (宜昌工夫, Yíchāng Gōngfu) — Húběi: “Mkulu wake” wa Lìchuān Hóng m’banja la Yíhóng. Amapangidwa m’madera oyandikana a Húběi (Yíchāng, Hèfēng). Ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, koma Lìchuān Hóng amasiyana chifukwa cha cholakwa chokulirapo cha “lěnghòuhún” komanso selenium wochuluka.
Zhèngshān Xiáozhǒng (正山小种, Zhèngshān Xiáozhǒng) — Fújiàn: Kholo la tiyi wonse wofiira. Mitundu yachikale imakhala ndi fungo la utsi (kufukiza ndi makala a paini), zamakono — fungo la maluwa ndi zipatso. Lìchuān Hóng safukizidwa ndipo ali ndi khalidwe loyera la chestnut-uchi popanda fungo la utsi.

Pomaliza

Lìchuān Gōngfu Hóngchá ndi tiyi wofiira wokhala ndi khalidwe: wokhuthala, wochuluka, wokoma ngati uchi ndi kutentha kwa chestnut, koma popanda kuwawa kapena kuwawa kochuluka. Wobadwira m’chifunga cha mapiri kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Húběi, m’dera lolemera ndi selenium, lozunguliridwa ndi nkhalango zotetezedwa za Sīngdòushān, tiyiyu anyamula kuya kwa miyambo ya zaka zikwi za anthu a Tǔjiā kulima tiyi ndi kulondola kwa ukadaulo wakono wa “gōngfu.” Cholakwa cha “lěnghòuhún” — chizindikiro chake ndi umboni wa sayansi wa khalidwe lake — chimasandutsa kumwa tiyi kulikonse kukhala kuyesa kwa sayansi kakang’ono. Pambuyo pa mwambo wa tiyi m’mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Kum’maŵa, Lìchuān Hóng sanakhalenso chinsinsi cha kumaloko — watenga malo ake pakati pa tiyi wofiira wabwino kwambiri wa ku China, ndipo malo amenewa ndi oyenera kotheratu.