Tiyi wa Nkhungu ya Lianyungang

Tiyi wa Nkhungu ya Lianyungang (连云港云雾茶, Liányúngǎng yúnwùchá) — “tii wa mitambo wa mzinda wa Lianyungang” — ndi umodzi mwa “tii atatu otchuka a ku Jiangsu” (江苏三大名茶), pamodzi ndi Nanjing Yuhua Cha (南京雨花茶) ndi Suzhou Biluochun (苏州碧螺春). Tiyi amapangidwa pa phiri la Yuntaishan (云台山, Yúntáishān, 624.4 m) — nsonga yaitali kwambiri m’chigawo cha Jiangsu, — yomwe ili m’mphepete mwa nyanja ya Yellow Sea (黄海) mu mzinda wa Lianyungang (连云港市), pa latitude 34° kumpoto — pomwe pali malire a kumpoto kwenikweni a mbiri ya kulima tii, omwe anatchulidwa ndi Lu Yu (陆羽) m’buku la “Chajing” (《茶经》): “茶者…南方之嘉木也…北至海州” — “Tiyi… mtengo wolemekezeka wa kum’mwera… kumpoto, mpaka ku Haizhou [nthawi ino Lianyungang].” Phiri la Yuntaishan ndi limene limatchedwanso Huaguoshan (花果山, Huāguǒshān, “Phiri la Maluwa ndi Zipatso”), limene linakhala chitsanzo cha malo okhala Mfumu ya Anyani Sun Wukong (孙悟空, Sūn Wùkōng) m’buku la “Ulendo Wopita Kumadzulo” (《西游记》, Xīyóujì). Mwambo wa tiyi umayambira ku nthawi ya Mafumu a Song; mu nthawi ya Ming, amonke a tchalitchi cha Buddha cha Wuzheng’an (悟正庵, Wùzhèng’ān, “Malo Opeza Choonadi”) ankapanga tiyi wopereka ku bwalo la mfumu. Mu 2009, luso lopanga ndi manja — “Njira Zisanu ndi Zitatu” (八法, bā fǎ) — zinalowetsedwa m’kaundula wa cholowa cha chikhalidwe chosagwira cha chigawo cha Jiangsu.

1. Magulu ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), wosavira. Kuwotcha ndi manja kenako kuumitsa. Maonekedwe a masamba — “ooneka ngati nsidze” (眉状, méizhuàng): mizere yokhotakhota, yopindika, yokhala ndi ubweya. Njira yayikulu — “八法” (bā fǎ, “Njira Zisanu ndi Zitatu”) ya mmwini, yomwe ikuphatikiza “三炒三揉” (“kuwotcha katatu, kukulunga katatu”).

• Gulu: Umodzi mwa “tii atatu otchuka a ku Jiangsu” (江苏三大名茶). Chizindikiro cha malo a People’s Republic of China (国家地理标志证明商标, 2010). Cholowa cha chikhalidwe chosagwira cha chigawo cha Jiangsu (省级非遗, 2009 — njira ya manja “八法”). Umodzi mwa “tii anayi otchuka a ku Jiangsu” (江苏四大名茶, 1980). Chinthu chobiriwira cha kalasi A (绿色食品A级, 2019). Malinga ndi 2024 — malo a minda ya tiyi ndi 5800+ mu (~387 ha), kuchuluka kwa chopangidwa pachaka — ~65 matani, mtengo wonse wa zinthu — 28 miliyoni yuan.

• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Jiangsu (江苏省, Jiāngsū Shěng), mzinda wa Lianyungang (连云港市, Liányúngǎng Shì). Mapiri a Yuntaishan (云台山), m’mphepete mwa nyanja ya Yellow Sea (黄海). Malo apakati a kupanga: mudzi wa Dazhuyuan (大竹园村, Dàzhúyuán Cūn) m’boma la Sucheng (宿城, 550 m) — kumene kunabadwa njira ya “八法”; Huaguoshan (花果山) — minda ya tiyi pamtunda wa ~400 m, yomwe inapatsidwa ulemu wa “Munda Wokongola Kwambiri wa Tiyi ku China” (中国最美茶园), ndipo umapereka mpaka 40% ya tiyi wa kalasi ya pamwamba; Nanyuntai linchang (南云台林场) — malo osungira mitengo ndi malo ogwirira ntchito za cholowa chosagwira, omwe amapanga tiyi wagolide “Qingmiao” (清妙, Qīngmiào).

• Midzi ya pa globe: Pafupifupi 34°38′ N, 119°07′ E.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

• Mbiri:

Mbiri ya tiyi wa ku Lianyungang ndi mbiri ya malo akutali a kumpoto a kulima tii ku China. Lu Yu (陆羽, 733–804) mu “Chajing” anaika malire a kumpoto a kufalikira kwa tiyi pa mzere wa Haizhou (海州) — dzina lakale la Lianyungang: “茶者…南方之嘉木也…北至海州”. Tanthauzo limeneli likugwirabe ntchito mpaka lero: Lianyungang, yomwe ili pa 34° N, ilidi pa malire a nyengo a kuthekera kwa Camellia sinensis, zomwe zimapatsa tiyi wake mbiri yapadera ya zamoyo.

Kupanga tiyi pa Yuntaishan kunayamba nthawi ya Mafumu a Song (960–1279) kapena kale: malinga ndi zolemba za Song “Song Shi · Shihuozhi” (《宋史·食货志》), “海州榷茶之所…茶善而易售” — “Haizhou ndi malo ogulitsa tiyi… tiyi ndi wabwino ndipo amagulitsidwa mosavuta.” Msonkho wa tiyi ku Haizhou unali wokulirapo kuposa wamba, zomwe zikusonyeza kufunika kwake. Komanso, “Jin Shi · Shihuozhi” (《金史·食货志》) ikunena kuti mu 1199 (chaka cha 4 cha ulamuliro wa Cheng’an) ku Haizhou kunakhazikitsidwa “坊” yapadera yopangira tiyi watsopano.

Mu nthawi ya Ming (1368–1644), tiyi anakhala chinthu cha amonke. Buku la Ming “Yuntaishan Zhi” (明《云台山志》, “Mbiri ya Phiri la Yuntaishan”) linanena: amonke a tchalitchi cha Buddha cha Wuzheng’an (悟正庵, “Malo Opeza Choonadi”), chomwe chili pamwamba pa Yuntaishan, chaka chilichonse amapanga “awiri kapena atatu jin” (~1–1.5 kg) ya tiyi wopereka ku bwalo la mfumu. Tiyi anapatsidwa udindo wa “gongcha” (贡茶, “tiyi wa ku nyumba ya mfumu”).

Mu nthawi ya Qing (1644–1912), tiyi anapatsidwa dzina la ndakatulo “Longtuan Fengbing” (龙团凤饼, Lóngtuán Fèngbǐng, “Chidutswa cha Chinjoka ndi Mkate wa Mbalame ya Moto”) — kutchula za tiyi wodziwika wa Song wopanikizidwa, kusonyeza kupitiriza kwa mwambo. Wolemba ndakatulo wa Qing Wang Shishen (汪士慎, Wāng Shìshèn) anayamikira khalidwe la tiyi mu ndakatulo “Yuntaishan Ming” (《云台山茗》). Mu 1898, akuluakulu a m’deralo Shen Yunpei (沈云霈) ndi Song Zhiji (宋治基) anakhazikitsa “Shuyi Gongsi” (树艺公司, “Kampani Yobzala Mitengo”), kuyambitsa malonda a tiyi a ku Yuntaishan. Zopangidwa zake zinalandira mphoto pa Nanyang Industrial Exhibition (南洋劝业会).

Mu 1980, pa chionetsero cha chigawo, Tiyi wa Nkhungu ya Lianyungang unalowa m’gulu la “tii anayi otchuka a ku Jiangsu” (江苏四大名茶) pamodzi ndi Nanjing Yuhua Cha, Suzhou Biluochun ndi Wuxi Erquan Yinhao. Pambuyo pake, mndandanda unachepetsedwa kukhala “atatu”, ndipo Yuncha wakhalabe. Mu 2009, njira ya manja “Njira Zisanu ndi Zitatu” (八法) inalembetsedwa m’kaundula wa cholowa chosagwira cha Jiangsu. Mu 2010, “连云港云雾茶” inalembetsedwa ngati chizindikiro cha malo. Pofika 2014, ku Lianyungang kunali mabungwe 15 ogwirira ntchito limodzi ndi mabanja oposa 20,000 a tiyi. Mu 2019, zopangidwa za “Huaguoshan” zinapeza chiphaso cha “Green Food Grade A” (绿色食品A级). Mu 2024, tiyi “Qingmiao” (清妙) unapambana mphoto ya golide pa XVII International Forest Exhibition ku Yiwu. Pa nthawi yonseyi, mtundu wa zopangidwa za Yuncha wapambana mphoto zambiri, kuphatikiza mphoto yapadera pa XV “Lu Yu Bei” (陆羽杯) ya tiyi “Qingmiao” ndi golide pa II Beijing Green Tea Festival.

• Dzina:

“Lianyungang” (连云港) — “Doko Lamangiriza Mitambo”: mzinda unapatsidwa dzina chifukwa cha malo ake pansi pa phiri la Yuntaishan, lomwe nsonga zake zambiri zimabisala m’mitambo, ndi kutsegukira ku nyanja ya Yellow Sea. “Yuncha” (云雾茶) — “Tiyi wa Mitambo” kapena “Tiyi wa Mitambo ndi Nkhungu”: dzina lokhazikika la tiyi womwe umamera m’madera amitambo yosalekeza.

• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:

Yuntaishan ndiye phiri lodziwika bwino la Huaguoshan (花果山, “Phiri la Maluwa ndi Zipatso”) lochokera m’buku la “Ulendo Wopita Kumadzulo” (《西游记》陆羽), limodzi la mabuku anayi akuluakulu achi China. Mu 1982, akatswiri 127 pa I National Symposium on “Journey to the West” anatsimikizira kuti Yuntaishan ku Lianyungang ndiye chitsanzo cha malo okhala Mfumu ya Anyani Sun Wukong. Tiyi womwe umamera “kwawo” kwa munthu wodziwika bwino m’mabuku achi China uli ndi chikhalidwe champhamvu: chikho chilichonse ndikumwa kuchokera ku Phanga la Madzi (水帘洞, Shuǐlián Dòng). Tchalitchi cha Wuzheng’an chokhala ndi mitengo ya tiyi ya zaka 800 — ndi nyumba ya mbiri ya kulima tiyi ku Jiangsu, ndipo kupezeka kwa tiyi pa 34° N — ndi umboni wosonyeza kukwaniritsidwa kwa ulosi wa Lu Yu.

3. Kufotokozera za Zomera ndi Zipangizo:

• Mtundu / Wolemekezeka: Maziko ake — mtundu wa m’deralo (本地群体种, běndì qúntǐzhǒng), wowonjezeredwa ndi Fuding Dabai Cha (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá) — mitundu yapakatikati yolimbana ndi chisanu ya Camellia sinensis var. sinensis yokhala ndi masamba oundana. Ku tchalitchi cha Wuzheng’an (悟正庵) kuli mitengo yakale ya tiyi ya zaka 800 — ina mwa yakale kwambiri m’chigawo cha Jiangsu. Mbiri ya zamoyo: polyphenols ≥25%, amino acids ≥3.5% (tiyi wa masika — mpaka 5.2%).

• Kukolola: Nyengo yaikulu — masika, kuyambira kumapeto kwa March mpaka kumapeto kwa April. Mulingo: kalasi yapamwamba — nsonga imodzi yokha, yotolera lisanafike Qingming (清明); kalasi yoyamba — nsonga imodzi + tsamba limodzi, lisanafike Guyu (谷雨). Pofuna kupanga 1 kg ya tiyi wouma wa kalasi yapamwamba, pamafunika nsonga 60,000–70,000.

• Makalasi ndi nyengo:

  • Mingqiancha (明前茶, Míngqiánchá): Nsonga imodzi yokha, yotolera lisanafike Qingming. Kuchuluka kwapachaka — ~150 kg kokha (~300 jin) — imodzi mwa “tiyi otchuka” omwe ali ochepa kwambiri ku China. Fungo la mtedza wa chestnut lokhala ndi mauwa achinyamata. Mtengo — kuyambira 2000 yuan pa 500 g.
  • Yuqiancha (雨前茶, Yǔqiánchá): Nsonga imodzi + tsamba limodzi. Mtengo — 800–1500 yuan pa 500 g.
  • Kalasi yoyamba: Nsonga imodzi + masamba amodzi kapena awiri. Mtengo — 500–800 yuan pa 500 g.
  • Chilimwe, autumn: Nyengo ya anthu ambiri, yogwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kuyikamo.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

• Nyengo: 34° N — malo a pakati pa nyengo yozizira ndi yotentha, komanso kumene kumakumana mphamvu za kumtunda ndi za m’nyanja. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka — 14–15.2°C. Mvula yapachaka — 920–1500 mm. Chinyezi chapafupi — ~70%. Mitambo — masiku oposa 180 pachaka (mitambo ndi nkhungu ya m’nyanja kuchokera ku Yellow Sea). Gawo la kuwala kofalikira — kuposa 70%. Kusiyana kwa kutentha usana ndi usiku — kuposa 8°C. Mikhalidwe imeneyi imachedwetsa kuwonongeka kwa L-theanine ndi kuchepetsa kupangidwa kwa polyphenols, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tiyi wa masika azikhala ndi 5.2% ya amino acids — 20% yokulirapo kuposa wamba.

• Kutalika: Minda ya tiyi ili pa 300–480 m m’mphepete mwa Yuntaishan (kutalika kwakukulu kwa phiri — 624.4 m, nsonga ya Yunüfeng, 玉女峰). Malo apakati a kupanga — dera la Sucheng (宿城), ~550 m.

• Dothi: Dothi lachikasu la asidi pang’ono (黄壤, huángrǎng), pH 5.0–6.5. Zakudya zamoyo ≥2%. Mwala woyambira — miyala ya quartz, yomwe imapereka kutulutsa madzi bwino ndi mpweya. Nkhalango yokwirira ndi 76%.

• Chilengedwe: Dongosolo la “tiyi – nkhalango – udzu” (茶—林—草, chá–lín–cǎo): mitengo ya tiyi imamera pansi pa nkhalango zachilengedwe, zomwe zimapereka mthunzi ndi chitetezo ku tizirombo. Mankhwala a mankhwala ndi oletsedwa. Zopangidwa zimayesedwa pa magawo 481 a miyezo ya EU. Minda ya tiyi ya Huaguoshan yapatsidwa ulemu wa “Munda Wokongola Kwambiri wa Tiyi ku China” (中国最美茶园).

5. Luso la Kupanga:

Luso lapadera la manja la “八法” (bā fǎ, “Njira Zisanu ndi Zitatu”) — cholowa cha chikhalidwe chosagwira cha chigawo cha Jiangsu (2009). Ntchito yonse imatenga pafupifupi mphindi 50 ndipo imachitidwa ndi manja okha:

• Kuyala (摊放, tānfàng): Mphasa za bamboo, maola 4–6 pa kutentha kwa mpweya. Chinyezi cha masamba chimachepetsedwa mpaka 70%.

• Kutseka – “kupha kukhala kobiriwira” (杀青, shāqīng): Kutentha kwa poto — 150–180°C. Kuwotcha ndi manja mwa kuponya (手工抛炒, shǒugōng pāochǎo): mmisiri amaponya masamba m’potolo, akuyendetsa “kugwedeza” (抖, dǒu) ndi “kuphika pang’onopang’ono” (闷, mèn). Nthawi — mphindi 6–7, mpaka fungo la tiyi likuwonekera ndipo masamba akuda.

• Kukulunga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Njira yapadera ya “Taiji Baoqiu” (太极抱球, Tàijí Bàoqiú, “Taiji: kukumbatira mpira”) — kusuntha kochokera ku masewera a taijiquan, komwe kumateteza ubweya (毫) pa masamba kuti usawonongeke.

• Kuuma kwachiwiri (烘二青, hōng èrqīng): Kuuma kwapakati kuti mawonekedwe akhazikike.

• Kukonza mawonekedwe — “kukulunga mzere” (搓条, cuōtiáo): Kupanga mawonekedwe a “nsidze” a masamba.

• “Huiguo” (煇锅, huīguō): Kukonza komaliza pa 60°C — “kukweza fungo”.

• Kuuma komaliza (足干, zúgān): Chinyezi chimachepetsedwa mpaka ≤6%.

“Njira Zisanu ndi Zitatu” (八法): “转” (zhuan, “kuzungulira”), “抓” (zhua, “kugwira”), “抖” (dou, “kugwedeza”), “撒” (sa, “kumwaza”), “压” (ya, “kukanikiza”), “推” (tui, “kukankha”), “拉” (la, “kukoka”), “搓” (cuo, “kukulunga”). Dongosolo limeneli la kayendedwe ka manja silingasinthidwe ndi makina: makina sangathe kutengera kuwongolera kwakukhudza kwa kupanikizika ndi kutentha komwe kumachitidwa ndi manja a mmisiri.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva:

• Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: “Nsidze” zokhotakhota mwamphamvu (紧圆卷曲, jǐnyuán juǎnqū), mawonekedwe “眉状” — opindika ngati nsidze zojambulidwa ndi inki. Mtundu — wobiriwira ngati emerald wokhala ndi ubweya wochuluka wa siliva (翠绿显毫). Masamba ndi ofanana, opanda zosweka.

• Fungo la masamba owuma: La mtedza wa chestnut (栗香, lìxiāng) — chachikulu, chokhazikika. Kwa kalasi yapamwamba — kuli fungo lowonjezera “lachinyamata” (嫩香, nènxiāng) lokhala ndi mauwa a zomera zatsopano.

• Fungo la chakumwa: Choyera, chokwezeka, cha mtedza wa chestnut (清香高长). Kwa tiyi wa masika — gawo lakuwala, “la maluwa”. Fungo la kapu yozizira limakhalapo kwa mphindi zoposa 10.

• Kukoma: Dongosolo lachikhalidwe: “味醇、色秀、香馨、液清” (wèi chún, sè xiù, xiāng xīn, yè qīng) — “kukoma kwake nkofewa, mtundu wake ngooneka bwino, fungo lake nlonunkhira, chakumwa chake nchoyera.” Thupi lake — latsopano ndi lolemera (鲜浓, xiānnóng), komanso logundana (醇厚, chúnhòu). Kutsekemera kumabweranso mwamsanga komanso momveka bwino. Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zake — “kuwawa kumene kumasanduka kutsekemera” (涩中泛甜): kumverera koyamba kumakokoloka kenako kumasanduka kutsekemera kwa miyala.

• Mtundu wa chakumwa: Wachikasu-wobiriwira, woyera ndi wowala (黄绿清亮, huánglǜ qīngliàng). Kuwonekera bwino.

• Pansi pa tiyi (masamba ophikidwa): Ofewa, “amoyo”, masamba amatseguka ngati “maluwa” (嫩匀鲜活，芽叶成朵). Mtundu wachikhalidwe wa “olive” wobiriwira.

7. Zomwe Zili M’thupi:

• Amino acids (氨基酸): 3.5–5.2% — mtengo wapamwamba wa 5.2% umapezeka mu mingqiancha ya masika, yomwe ili pafupifupi 20% yokulirapo kuposa tiyi wamba wobiriwira. L-theanine imapereka “kutsitsimula” ndi kuya kwa kukoma.

• Polyphenols (茶多酚): ≥25% — chiwerengero chachikulu kwa tiyi wa kumpoto. Chigawo chachikulu — catechins (EGCG, ECG, EC), zomwe zimatsimikizira ntchito ya antioxidant.

• Caffeine (咖啡碱): ≥4.35% — chokulirapo kwambiri kuposa pafupifupi pa tiyi wobiriwira (mulingo wamba — 2–4%). Imapereka mphamvu yowonjezereka.

• Catechins (儿茶素): 147.33 mg/g — chiwerengero chachikulu, chotsimikizidwa ndi kufufuza kwa labotale.

• Mavitamini: Vitamini C (kuchuluka kwakukulu), vitamini za gulu B. Tanins (茶丹宁) — kuchuluka kwakukulu.

• Minerals: K, Mg, Zn, Mn, Fe.

• Chapadera: Chiwerengero cha amino acid/polyphenol ndi chocheperapo kuposa tiyi wobiriwira wa kum’mwera, pamene caffeine ndi yokulirapo. Kuphatikiza kumeneku kumapanga mbiri ya Yuncha ya “鲜浓” — “yatsopano ndi yolemera.”

8. Ubwino Wake:

• Kulimbikitsa mphamvu: Caffeine 4.35% — imodzi mwa zokulirapo kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira, yomwe imapereka mphamvu yaikulu ku dongosolo la mitsempha yapakati pamodzi ndi zotsatira zofewa za L-theanine.

• Kuchita kwa antioxidant: Kuchuluka kwa catechins (147.33 mg/g) ndi vitamini C — chitetezo chawiri cha antioxidant.

• Kuthandiza kayendedwe ka mafuta: Polyphenols zimathandiza kuchepetsa mulingo wa cholesterol ya LDL ndi triglycerides.

• Kuchita kwa antibacterial: M’mankhwala a chikhalidwe cha Lianyungang, tiyi ankagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi mwambo ngati mankhwala a kamwazi (民俗验方, “njira ya anthu”). Kafukufuku wamakono akutsimikizira ntchito ya bacteriostatic ya catechins.

• Kuthandiza chakudya: Tanins zimalimbikitsa kutulutsa ma enzyme a chakudya.

• Kuthandiza kuganiza: L-theanine imalowa mu chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo, ndipo imathandiza kupanga mafunde a alpha ndi kuwongolera maganizo.

• Kuthandiza mtima ndi mitsempha: Polyphenols ndi caffeine pamodzi zimathandiza kuti mitsempha ikhale yotanuka.

• Kuchita kwa anti-inflammatory: Catechins (makamaka EGCG) zimalepheretsa ma cytokine oyambitsa kutupa.

9. Kuwira:

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85°C kwa kalasi wamba; 75°C — kwa kalasi yapamwamba ya mingqiancha (zipangizo zofewa).

• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml ya madzi (chiŵerengero 1:50).

• Ziwiya: Kapu yagalasi — kuti muwone kutseguka kwa masamba a “nsidze”; gaiwan (盖碗) 120–150 ml; mtsuko wa chadongo.

• Ndondomeko:

  1. Yatenthetsa ziwiya ndi madzi otentha, tsani.
  2. Ikani 3 g ya tiyi.
  3. Tsani ⅓ ya kuchuluka kwa madzi kuti “muyeretse” ndi kutsegula masamba. Dikirani mphindi 1.
  4. Wonjezerani madzi mpaka 7/10 ya kuchuluka kwa chotengera.
  5. Kutsegula koyamba — kuwiritsa mphindi 1.5–2.
  6. Kuwirapo mobwerezabwereza — kuwirapo 3–4. Mukatsanulira, siyani ¼ ya chakumwa mu chotengera (留1/4茶汤再加水) — njira yomwe imathandiza kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa kutuluka.

10. Kusunga:

• Chotengera: Phukusi losindikizidwa la zojambulazo zopanda mpweya. Ndizovomerezeka kusunga mu chitini chachitsulo chokhala ndi chivindikiro cholimba.
• Kutentha: Firiji, 0–5°C. Kwa kusunga kwanthawi yayitali — chipinda chozizira (−18°C).
• Nthawi yosungira: Miyezi 12 mutsatira mikhalidwe. Mtatha kutsegulidwa — mpaka mwezi 1.
• Adani a tiyi: Chinyezi, kuwala, fungo lachilendo, kutentha. Osasunga pafupi ndi zinthu zokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

• Mulingo wa mitengo: Mingqiancha (明前茶) — kuyambira 2000 yuan pa 500 g (ndi kuchuluka kwa pachaka cha ~150 kg kokha — kwenikweni ndi tiyi wosonkhanitsidwa). Yuqiancha — 800–1500 yuan. Kalasi yoyamba — 500–800 yuan. Kalasi ya anthu ambiri — 200–400 yuan.

• Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mtengo: Nyengo ya kukolola (mingqiancha — ndi yodula kwambiri), kutalika kwa kulima (mudzi wa Dazhuyuan, 550 m — ndi wofunika kwambiri), kupanga ndi manja motsutsana ndi makina.

• Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:

  • Gulani tiyi wokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo “连云港云雾茶” — chizindikiro chotetezedwa.
  • Unikani maonekedwe: Yuncha weniweni — “nsidze” zokhotakhota mwamphamvu, zopindika, zokhala ndi ubweya wa siliva. Zonyenga (nthawi zambiri — tiyi wotchipa wobiriwira wa kum’mwera) amaoneka mosiyana: opanda mawonekedwe a “nsidze”.
  • Yesani fungo: fungo lenileni la mtedza wa chestnut — lokhazikika, loyera. Zonyenga za kum’mwera nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi fungo la “udzu” kapena “nyemba”, lomwe silili la Yuncha.
  • Unikani chakumwa: tiyi weniweni amapereka chakumwa chachikasu-wobiriwira, choyera. Chakumwa chamatope kapena chachikasu chakuda — chizindikiro cha chonyenga.
  • Chenjerani ndi mtengo wokayikitsa wotsika: mingqiancha yotsika mtengo kuposa 1500 yuan pa 500 g — ndi chifukwa chokayikira.

12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:

• Huaguoshan — kwawo kwa Sun Wukong. Yuntaishan yavomerezedwa mwalamulo ngati chitsanzo cha Huaguoshan (花果山) ya “Ulendo Wopita Kumadzulo” — ndipo tiyi amamera pafupi ndi Phanga la Madzi (水帘洞), kumene Mfumu ya Anyani inabadwira.

• Mitengo ya zaka 800. Ku tchalitchi cha Wuzheng’an (悟正庵) pamwamba pa Yuntaishan, pali mitengo ya tiyi ya zaka 800 — ina mwa yakale kwambiri ku Jiangsu ndi ku East China konse.

• Malire a kumpoto malinga ndi Lu Yu. “Chajing” inasankha Haizhou ngati malire a kumpoto a kulima tii. Patapita zaka 1200, Lianyungang ikadali imodzi mwa zigawo za kumpoto kwambiri kupangira tiyi wobiriwira ku China.

• “Njira Zisanu ndi Zitatu” — luso losasinthika ndi makina. Dongosolo la “转、抓、抖、撒、压、推、拉、搓” limafunikira kuyang’anira mosalekeza kwa kupanikizika, kutentha, ndi chinyezi cha masamba. Kuyesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito makina nthawi zonse kumapangitsa kutayika kwa ubweya ndi kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a masamba.

• “Taiji: kukumbatira mpira.” Njira yokulungira “太极抱球” yatchedwa malinga ndi kusuntha koyambira kwa taijiquan — ndipo mmisiri amachitadi kusuntha kofanana ndi masewerawa, “akukumbatira” mosamala mtolo wa masamba ndi manja ake.

• ~150 kg yokha ya mingqiancha pachaka. Imodzi mwa “tiyi otchuka” omwe ndi ochepa kwambiri ku China. Poyerekeza: kuchuluka kwapachaka kwa mingqiancha ya Longjing kumawerengedwa mu matani.

• Mbiri ya Song ndi msonkho. “Song Shi · Shihuozhi”: “海州榷茶之所…茶善而易售” — mu nthawi ya Song, msonkho wa tiyi wa Haizhou unali wokulirapo kuposa wamba, zomwe zikusonyeza khalidwe lapadera la chinthucho.

• “Qingmiao” wa golide wa 2024. Tiyi “清妙” (“Kukongola Koyera”) — mzere wapadera wa malo ogwirira ntchito a cholowa chosagwira a Nanyuntai — unapambana golide pa XVII International Forest Exhibition ku Yiwu (2024).

• “Galasi la Maluwa” la Li Ruzhen. Kuphatikiza pa “Ulendo Wopita Kumadzulo”, Yuntaishan imatchulidwanso m’buku lina lodziwika bwino — “Jinghua Yuan” (《镜花缘》, “Maluwa mu Galasi”) la Li Ruzhen (李汝珍, 1763–1830), yemwe anakhala mbali yaikulu ya moyo wake ku Haizhou. Chifukwa chake, tiyi wa Yuntaishan umalumikizidwa osati ndi buku limodzi, koma awiri a zolemba zazikulu za China.

• Wolemba ndakatulo wa Qing Wang Shishen. Wang Shishen (汪士慎, 1686–1759) — mmodzi wa “Zodabwitsa Zisanu ndi Zitatu za Yangzhou” (扬州八怪) — anayamikira tiyi wa Yuntaishan mu ndakatulo “Yuntaishan Ming” (《云台山茗》), zomwe zimayika Yuncha pamodzi ndi tiyi omwe anayamikiridwa ndi akatswiri a zilembo ndi ndakatulo a m’zaka za 18.

• Nkhungu ya m’nyanja ngati chinthu cha malo. Mosiyana ndi “tiyi wamitambo” ambiri a ku China omwe amalandira chinyezi kuchokera ku mitambo ya mapiri, Yuncha imakhudzidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri: nkhungu ya mapiri kuchokera ku nsonga za Yuntaishan ndi mphepo ya m’nyanja kuchokera ku Yellow Sea. Kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa nyengo yaing’ono ya “mapiri + nyanja” kulibe fanizo pakati pa tiyi otchuka wobiriwira a ku China.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wobiriwira wa ku Jiangsu:

• Nanjing Yuhua Cha (南京雨花茶, Nánjīng Yǔhuā Chá): Tiyi wonga singano wochokera ku Nanjing. Maonekedwe — “singano” zochepa motsutsana ndi “nsidze” za Yuncha. Yuhua Cha — ndi ya “pine” kwambiri, yokhala ndi fungo la mitengo ya paini; Yuncha — ya mtedza wa chestnut ndi yolemera kwambiri. Yuhua Cha amapangidwa m’chigwa (~30 m), Yuncha — m’mapiri (300–550 m).

• Dongting Biluochun (洞庭碧螺春, Dòngtíng Bìluóchūn): Tiyi wokulungidwa ngati “ng’ombe” wochokera ku Suzhou. Biluochun — “ya zipatso”, yokhala ndi mauwa a zipatso za m’munda (amamera pakati pa mitengo ya zipatso); Yuncha — “ya m’nyanja”, yokhala ndi mauwa a miyala (amamera m’mphepete mwa Yellow Sea). Biluochun — ndi yofewa kwambiri; Yuncha — ndi yolemera kwambiri, yokhala ndi caffeine yochuluka.

• Lushan Yunwu (庐山云雾, Lúshān Yúnwù): “Tiyi wamitambo wa phiri la Lushan” wochokera ku Jiangxi. Onsewa ndi tiyi “wamitambo”, koma Lushan ili pa 29° N (5° kum’mwera), zomwe zimapereka mulingo wochuluka wa polyphenols ndi mbiri yowonjezereka ya “kubiriwira”. Yuncha — ya kumpoto, yowuma, yokhala ndi caffeine yochuluka kwambiri ndi maziko a mtedza wa chestnut.

• Huangshan Maofeng (黄山毛峰, Huángshān Máofēng): Tiyi wochokera ku Anhui. Maofeng — “ya orchid”, yokhala ndi fungo la maluwa ndi udzu; Yuncha — ya mtedza wa chestnut, yokhala ndi mauwa a miyala. Onsewa ndi tiyi a m’mapiri, koma Maofeng amamera m’malo otentha pang’ono.

Pomaliza:

Tiyi wa Nkhungu ya Lianyungang — tiyi wochokera ku “Phiri la Maluwa ndi Zipatso”, kumene Lu Yu anaika malire a kumpoto a kulima tii, kumene amonke zaka 800 zapitazo anabzala mitengo yomwe ikadalipo mpaka pano, ndipo kumene “Njira Zisanu ndi Zitatu” za manja a mmisiri — “kuzungulira, kugwira, kugwedeza, kumwaza, kukanikiza, kukankha, kukoka, kukulunga” — amapanga masamba a “nsidze” osagwirizana ndi ena ku Jiangsu. 150 kg yokha ya mingqiancha pachaka, 5.2% ya amino acids, caffeine 4.35% ndi dongosolo la “味醇、色秀、香馨、液清” — tiyi uyu ndi wa iwo amene amayamikira kukhazikika kwa kumpoto pa malire a zosatheka ndi kuya kwa mabuku mu chikho chilichonse. Kuno, pakhomo la Yellow Sea, kumene mitambo ndi nkhungu zimasakanikirana ndi mphepo ya m’nyanja, Camellia sinensis ikuchita sitepe yake yomaliza yopita kumpoto — ndipo ikuchita yoyenerera buku lalikulu.