Lǎo Chá Tóu · new.thetea.app

Lǎo Chá Tóu ndi chimodzì mwa zinthu zosaiŵalikà m’dziko la Pu’er. Sikuti ndi mlingo wina wake, ndiponso si chipangizo chopangidwa mwadala, koma ndi chotulukira mwachilengedwe m’kati mwa ndondomeko ya mavundikiro onyowa (Wò Duī, 渥堆), pomwe masamba a tiyi, odzaza ndi pectin, amamatirana ndi kukhala timphala tolimbika, tosatha kulekanidwa. M’nthawi yakale amawayesa ngati zinyalala za m’fakitile, koma masiku ano “mitu yakale ya tiyi” iyi ndi mtundu wamtengo wapatali komanso wolemekezeka wa Shú Pǔ’ěr, womwe ulandika ulemu wochokera kwa okonda chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kochindikala, kopanda madzi, kulimba kwake kopambana pakuwiranitsa mobwerezabwereza (mpaka kuwiritsa 20 ndi kupitirira apo) ndi kutenthetsa mwamphamvu. Lǎo Chá Tóu amatuluka m’kati mwa 0.8–1.5% yokha ya unyinji wonse wa mavundikiro, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhala osowa pang’ono komanso kuti mtengo wake wosonkhanitsa ukule.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wofufuzika pambuyo (hēi chá, 黑茶, hēi chá). Ali m’gulu la Shú Pǔ’ěr (熟普洱, Shú Pǔ’ěr) — ndi chipangizo chake chochokera (派生产品, pàishēng chǎnpǐn).
Gulu: Mtundu wapadera wa Shú Pǔ’ěr, wosiyanitsidwa ndi mmene amapangikira m’kati mwa mavundikiro onyowa. Amadziwikanso ndi mayina akuti “疙瘩茶” (gēda chá — “tiyi wa mphala”), “自然沱” (zìrán tuó — “tuo yachilengedwe”).
Chiyambi: China, m’chigawo cha Yúnnán (云南, Yúnnán). Amapangidwa m’ma fakitale a tiyi m’chigawo chonse, kumene amatulutsa Shú Pǔ’ěr.
Ma coordinates a dera: Chigawo cha Yúnnán chili pakati pa 21° ndi 29° kumpoto kwa latitudi ndi 97° ndi 106° kum’maŵa kwa longitudi.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Mizu ya luso lofufuzira tiyi ku Yúnnán imachokera m’zaka mazana ambiri: kale mu mzera wa Ming (明, 1368–1644), amisiri a tiyi a ku Yúnnán anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zofufuzira pokonza masamba aakulu. Mu nyengo ya Qing (清, 1644–1911), tiyi wokhwima wa ku Yúnnán anayamba kutumizidwa ku bwalo lachifumu ngati gòngpǐn (贡品, gòngpǐn — msonkho wa nyumba yachifumu); katswiri wotchuka, Ruǎn Fú (阮福), m’buku lake lakuti “Pǔ’ěr chá jì” (《普洱茶记》, “Zolemba za Tiyi wa Pu’er”, 1825), ananena kuti Pu’er wabwino kwambiri ali ndi “味最酽” (wèi zuì yàn — “kukoma kwakukhwima mopambanitsa”). Komabe, Lǎo Chá Tóu ngati chodabwitsa chodziyimira pawokha chinawoneka pambuyo pake kwambiri — panthawi imodzi ndi kutha kwa luso lofufuzira mwachangu la Shú Pǔ’ěr (Wò Duī, 渥堆). Luso limeneli linayesedwa bwinobwino koyamba mu 1973 pa fakitale ya tiyi ya Kūnmíng (昆明茶厂, Kūnmíng Cháchǎng) ndipo linakhala luso lachinsinsi la boma. Pofika m’chaka cha 1975, ndondomekoyi inali itakonzedwa bwino m’mafakitale atatu aakulu a boma: fakitale ya Měnghǎi (勐海茶厂), fakitale ya Xiàguān (下关茶厂) ndi fakitale ya Kūnmíng. Poyamba, mphala zomwe zinkapangika panthawi yofufuzira zinkaonedwa ngati cholakwika cha kupanga — chotulukira chochokera (副产品, fùchǎnpǐn), chomwe ankayesa kuchithyola ndi kuchibwezera m’gulu lonse, kapena kuchitaya. Patapita nthaŵi, alimi a tiyi ndi okonda chinapezera kuti patapita zaka zingapo akusunga, pamene fungo lotchedwa “堆味” (duī wèi — fungo la mavundikiro) linatha, mphalazi zinkatulutsa kukoma kodzaza, kotsekemera ndi kopanda madzi. Mayina amakono akuti “Lǎo Chá Tóu” (老茶头) ndi “zìrán tuó” (自然沱) anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuchokera mu 2005, pamene chipangizochi chinakhazikikadi monga mtundu wolemekezeka wa Shú Pǔ’ěr. Zoyambira za luso la mavundikiro zimawonekera mozama kwambiri: amakhulupirira kuti lingaliroli linachokera pakuwona kufufuzika kwachilengedwe kwa tiyi pa Chámǎ Gǔdào (茶马古道, Chámǎ Gǔdào — Njira ya Akavalo a Tiyi), kumene milu ya tiyi inkanyowera ndi mvula m’kati mwa maulendo a mwezi wautali a magulu a ngamira.
Dzina:
- “Lǎo” (老, lǎo) — wokalamba. Limasonyeza kuti mphala zongotulutsidwa kumene (zongokhala “chá tóu”, 茶头 zokha) zimakhala ndi fungo lolimba la “堆味” ndipo sizoyenera kumwetsa momasuka; pokhapokha patapita zaka zingapo zakusunga, pamene tiyi “yakalamba” ndipo fungo la “堆味” latha, ndi pamene amapatsidwa chowonjezera chakuti “Lǎo” (wokalamba).
- “Chá” (茶, chá) — tiyi.
- “Tóu” (头, tóu) — mutu, mphala. Limalongosola mawonekedwe ake odziwika — mipata yolimbika, yosaŵerengeka ya masamba omatirana, yooneka ngati timiyala tating’ono kapena tizitunda.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Lǎo Chá Tóu ndi chitsanzo chowonekera cha kusintha kwa chotulukira chochokera kukhala chinthu chamtengo wapatala. Kuchokera ku “gēda chá” — “mphala zopanda kanthu” zooneka ngati zonyansa — zinasanduka “zìrán tuó” — “mphatso za chilengedwe”, chizindikiro chakuti khalidwe lenileni silimangobwera mwa dongosolo, koma mwa chifuniro cha ndondomeko zachilengedwe. Masiku ano, Lǎo Chá Tóu akondedwa kwambiri ndi okonda Shú Pǔ’ěr, akugwirizanitsa ubwino wothandiza (kupirira kwakukulu pakuwira, kusavuta kusunga) ndi kuthekera kosonkhanitsa.

3. Mafotokozedwe a Botanical ndi Zakudya Zopangira:

Mtundu / Cultivar: Kupanga Lǎo Chá Tóu, monganso ma Shú Pǔ’ěr onse, amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya masamba aakulu ya Camellia sinensis var. assamica, yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa pansi pa dzina lalikulu la Yúnnán Dàyèzhǒng (云南大叶种, Yúnnán Dàyèzhǒng — “Masamba Aakulu a ku Yúnnán”). Mwa mitundu yamtengo wapatali kwambiri pali: Měnghǎi Dàyèzhǒng (勐海大叶种) ndi Yìwǔ Dàyèzhǒng (易武大叶种). Mitundu ya masamba aakulu imadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa ma polyphenols ndi zinthu za pectin, zomwe zimathandizira mwachindunji kupangika kwa Lǎo Chá Tóu panthawi yofufuzira. Zakudya zochokera ku mitengo yazaka zana ndi kupitirira (gǔshù chá, 古树茶) zimayamikiridwa kwambiri: mizu yake yotukuka imapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi ma pectin, zomwe zimasandutsa masamba kukhala maziko abwino opangira mphala zolimbika, zodzaza.
Kututa: Kuyambira masika mpaka m’dzinja, malinga ndi gulu la máochá yoyamba (毛茶, máochá — zakudya zopangira).
Mlingo wa kututa: Kwa Lǎo Chá Tóu, amagwiritsa ntchito zakudya za kufewa kosiyanasiyana. N’chodabwitsa kuti ndi masamba a mbalame, odzaza ndi pectin amene amamatirana mwamphamvu kwambiri. Motero, m’kupanga Lǎo Chá Tóu, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zakudya za kufewa kwapamwamba (yátóu, 芽头 — nsonga), zomwe zimathandizira kutsekemera kwake kwatero.
Zofunikira pa zakudya zopangira: Masamba ayenera kukhala athanzi, osawonongeka, ndi okonzedwa bwinobwino pa gawo la shàiqīng máochá (晒青毛茶, shàiqīng máochá — máochá youma padzuŵa).

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Chigawo cha Yúnnán: Chili kum’maŵa kwa kum’mwera kwa China, pamalire ndi Myanmar, Laos ndi Vietnam. Chimaonedwa kuti ndiye kwene kweni kwa mitengo ya tiyi (Camellia sinensis). Minda ya tiyi ili m’madera okwezeka (kupitirira 1600 m pamwamba pa nyanja), kumene kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku (kufika pa 10–15°C), kuwala kwadzuŵa kochuluka ndi mvunduwundu wambiri zimapanga mikhalidwe yabwino yosonkhanitsira ma pectin ndi zinthu zonunkhira m’masamba a tiyi.
Kutalika kwa kulima: 800–2000 m ndi kupitirira. Zakudya za m’mapiri (kupitirira 1600 m) zimasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma pectin, zomwe zimathandizira kupangika kwakukulu kwa Lǎo Chá Tóu.
Dothi: Makamaka dothi lofiira (红壤, hóng rǎng), la acidic (pH 4,5–5,5), loterezedwa bwino, loti mpweya ndi madzi ziyenda bwino, lolemera ndi chitsulo, manganese ndi zinthu zamoyo. Kulemera kwa mchere m’dothi kumakhudza mwachindunji kukoma kwa tiyi.
Nyengo: Ya subtropical monsoon, kutentha kwapakati pachaka m’madera aakulu a tiyi kuli 15–21°C, kuchuluka kwa mvula pachaka kuli 1200–2000 mm, chinyezi chili 75–90%. Mitambo ndi mvunduwundu zimapanga mphamvu yomwaza kuwala, yomwe imathandizira kupanga ma amino acids ndi ma polyphenols.
Madera aakulu a tiyi:
- Bùlǎngshān, Měnghǎi (布朗山, 勐海): Mudzi wa Lǎobānzhāng (老班章) — zakudya zanthano, tiyi wa mphamvu ndi kuzama kwapadera.
- Bīngdǎo, Líncāng (冰岛, 临沧): Zakudya za kutsekemera koonekera ndi “makhalidwe a m’mapiri” (山野气韵, shānyě qìyùn).
- Yìwǔ, Měnglà (易武, 勐腊): Mawonekedwe ofewa, olemekezeka ndi kutsekemera kwa uchi.
- Pǔ’ěr / Sīmáo (普洱/思茅): Dera lalikulu lokhala ndi ma terroir osiyanasiyana.

5. Luso la Kupanga:

Lǎo Chá Tóu sangathe “kupangidwa mwadala” — amangopangika okha panthawi ya kufufuzira. Ndi chotulukira mwachilengedwe cha ndondomeko ya Wò Duī.

Magawo a kupanga Shú Pǔ’ěr, pomwe amapangika Lǎo Chá Tóu:

Kututa masamba atsopano (采摘, cǎi zhāi): Kututa pamanja kapena ndi makina kwa masamba a Camellia sinensis var. assamica.
Kufota (萎凋, wěi diāo): Masamba angotutidwa kumene amayalidwa mosanjikiza pang’ono kuti achotse chinyezi chapamwamba.
Kukonza — “kupha masamba” (杀青, shā qīng): Kuoka kwakanthaŵi pa kutentha kokwezeka m’wok kuti atseke ma enzyme ochita oxidation.
Kupukutira (揉捻, róu niǎn): Masamba amapukutiridwa kuti awononge zipupa za ma cell ndi kutulutsa madzi — ndi pa nthawi imeneyi pamene ma pectin ambiri amatulutsidwa.
Kuyanika padzuŵa (晒干, shài gān): Máochá (毛茶) yomwe yapezeka imayanikidwa padzuŵa. Pano amamaliza kukonza koyamba kwa shàiqīng máochá (晒青毛茶).
Mavundikiro onyowa (渥堆, Wò Duī) — gawo lofunika kwambiri: Shàiqīng máochá imanyowera ndi madzi (madzi 30–50 kg pa tiyi 100 kg), amaisanja kukhala milu italiitali (mavundikiro) yotalika 50–150 cm ndi kuiphimba ndi nsalu yonyowa kuti apange malo a kukula kwake okhala ndi kutentha kokwezeka (50–65°C) ndi chinyezi. M’mikhalidwe imeneyi, tizilombo tating’ono ta ubwino timachulukana mwachangu — nkhungu yakuda (黑曲霉, hēi qū méi, Aspergillus niger), nkhungu ya muzu (根霉, gēn méi, Rhizopus), yisiti ndi bowa zina, zomwe ma enzyme ake amathandizira mwachangu kutsekemera kwa ma polyphenols. Ndondomekoyi imatenga masiku 45 mpaka 70 (zakudya za m’masika — masiku 50–70, za m’chilimwe ndi chinja — masiku 45–60), ndipo panthawiyi mmisiri amatembenuza ndi kuwuza milu pafupipafupi (翻堆, fān duī) masiku 7–10 alionse kuti aonetsetse kutentha ndi kuchita mofanana kwa kufufuzira.
Kupangika kwa Lǎo Chá Tóu: Mkati mwa mavundikiro, kumene kutentha ndi chinyezi n’kokwezeka kwambiri, masamba a tiyi amatulutsa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ma pectin (果胶, guǒ jiāo) — zinthu zachilengedwe za polisakarayidi zomata. Ma pectin amamamatira masamba kukhala mphala zolimbika za makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Mkati mwa mphala imeneyi, pamapangika malo apadera okhala ndi tizilombo tambiri toonjezera. Akamatembenuza kena, mmisiri amayesa kuthyola mphala ndi kubwezera masamba m’gulu lonse, komabe ma conglomerate olimbika kwambiri sangathe kulekanidwa popanda kuwononga zakudya — amasiyidwa padera. Kutuluka kwa Lǎo Chá Tóu kumangokhala 0.8–1.5% yokha ya unyinji wonse wa mavundikiro, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale osowa pang’ono.
Kutsegula ngalande ndi kuyanika (开沟/烘干, kāi gōu / hōng gān): Pambuyo pa kumaliza kufufuzira, mavundikiro amawagwilitsa kukhala mizere (ngalande) kuti azizire ndi kuyanika. Chinyezi chimachepetsedwa kufika pa 14% ndi pansi. Kuyanika kumachitika mwachilengedwe — sizololedwa kuoka, kutenthetsa kapena kuyanika padzuŵa, popeza izi zingaŵononge mawonekedwe a Shú Pǔ’ěr.
Kusanja ndi kulekanitsa (分级/拣剔, fēn jí / jiǎn tī): Lǎo Chá Tóu amawalekanitsa bwinobwino kuchokera ku tiyi wosalala, ndi kuchotsa zinthu zina (timiti, tizidutswa ta miyala). Amawasankha malinga ndi kukula ndi mtundu.
Kupondereza (压制, yā zhì) — gawo lochita mwakufuna: Lǎo Chá Tóu angathe kugulitsidwa monga tiyi wosalala (散茶, sǎn chá) kapena woponderezedwa — mu mawonekedwe a zikondamoyo (饼, bǐng), njerwa (砖, zhuān) kapena tuó chá (沱茶, tuó chá).
Kukhwimitsa ndi kusunga (陈化贮存, chénhuà zhùcún): Lǎo Chá Tóu atsopano amakhala ndi fungo lolimba la “堆味”. Kuti afikire kukoma kwabwino, pamafunika kusungidwa kwa zaka zosachepera 3, ndipo bwino-bwino zaka 5 ndi kupitirira.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Timphala tolimba, tolondola (坨状, tuó zhuàng) ta masamba a tiyi omatirana a mawonekedwe osalongosoka. Kukula kumasiyana kuchokera pa 1–2 cm kufika pa 5–10 cm ndi kupitirira. Mtundu — kuchokera ku bulauni wakuda wozama mpaka pafupifupi wakuda, kwa zitsanzo zazing’ono — ndi kachikuda kofiira. Pamwamba pake — ni ppsalala, ponyezimira pang’ono chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma pectin. Kapangidwe — kolimba, kogwirizana.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Lochuluka, lozama, ndi mankhwala oonekera a dothi ndi nkhuni, mafungo a mtedza, zipatso zouma, bowa. Kwa zitsanzo zosungidwa kwautali — ma nuances a kamfola, chokoleti. Lǎo Chá Tóu wabwino amakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu kwambiri kuposa Shú Pǔ’ěr wosalala, ndipo alibe zovunda kapena acidity.
Fungo la madzi otentha: Lozama, lokutira, la misanjika ingapo. Mzere woyamba: 陈香 (chén xiāng — fungo la kukhwima) — fungo la nkhuni, mtedza. Mzere wapakati: 枣香 (zǎo xiāng — fungo la zipatso za kanjedza), 糯香 (nuò xiāng — fungo la mpunga womata), caramel. Msana: mafungo a zipatso zouma, mafungo a apulo ndi pichesi (pamene kufufuzira n’kopepuka), 槟榔香 (bīnláng xiāng — fungo la betel, pamene kufufuzira n’kolemera), utsi wochepa.
Kukoma: Kwambiri, 醇厚 (chúnhòu — chochindikala-cholimba), chosalala monga mafuta (滑粘, huá nián), chokhala ndi kutsekemera. Mukamwira bwino — popanda kuwawa kapena kunyalanyala. Mumsanganizo, mafungo a nkhuni, mtedza, chokoleti, dothi ndiye amalamulira, ndi ma nuance a zipatso zouma, caramel, zokometsera. Chodziwika bwino 糯香 (nuò xiāng) — “kutsekemera kwa mpunga womata,” kumene kumakutira m’kamwa. Kukoma kotsalira (回甘, huí gān — kutsekemera kobwerezabwereza) — ni kokhalitsa mopambanitsa ndi kolimba. Mbali yofunika: kuwiritsa koyamba kumapanga madzi opepuka, koma ndi kuwiritsa kulikonse kotsatira, kukoma kumakula ndi kuonekera — ndondomeko yodziwika ya Lǎo Chá Tóu.
Mtundu wa madzi otentha: Kuchokera ku amber wakuda mpaka ku bulauni wochindikala, pafupifupi wakuda m’mawiritsidwe oyamba. Madzi otenthawa ndi ochindikala, ooneka ngati mafuta. Ndi kuwiritsa kulikonse kotsatira amayera, koma amasunga thupi ndi kuchindikala kwake kwa nthaŵi yaitali kwambiri kuposa Shú Pǔ’ěr wamba. Pofika pa kuwiritsa kwachisanu ndi chiŵiri, amakhala owonekera bwino, kwinaku akusungabe mtundu wofiira-bulauni wodzaza.
Pansi pa tiyi (masamba owiritsidwa): Mphala zolimba za masamba, zomwe zimatseguka pang’onopang’ono pamene akuwira. Mtundu — wofanana, wofiira-bulauni, wonyezimira pang’ono. Chizindikiro chofunika cha khalidwe: Lǎo Chá Tóu wabwino sayenera kugwa m’zidutswa monga “红泥状” (hóng ní zhuàng — “matope ofiira”) — ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kuŵonongeka kapena khalidwe lotsika. Masamba m’pansi mwa tiyi ayenera kukhala osalala, onyezimira, ofanana mu mtundu.

7. Kapangidwe ka Ma Chemical:

Lǎo Chá Tóu, monga chotulukira cha Shú Pǔ’ěr, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a biochemical enieni, opangidwa ndi kufufuzika kwakuzama kothandizidwa ndi tizilombo:

Ma Polyphenols: Kuchuluka kwa ma polyphenols onse n’kochepa kuposa mu Shēng Pǔ’ěr kapena tiyi wobiriwira (chifukwa cha kutsekemera kwakukulu panthawi ya Wò Duī), komabe amapezeka m’mitundu yosinthidwa — theaflavins (茶黄素), thearubigins (茶红素) ndi theabrownins (茶褐素), omwe ali ndi udindo pa mtundu wofiira-bulauni wa madzi otentha ndi kufewa kwake.
Ma Pectin (果胶, guǒ jiāo): Kuchuluka kokwezeka mopambanitsa — ndiwo ma pectin amene ali “guluu” wopanga Lǎo Chá Tóu. Amapereka kuchindikala kodziwika ndi mawonekedwe a mafuta m’madzi otentha, komanso amathandiza chakudya, pokutira m’mimba.
Ma Amino Acids: L-theanine ndi ma amino acid ena aulere. L-theanine imapereka mphamvu yotsitsimula ndi kutsekemera kofewa kwa kukoma.
Alkaloids: Caffeine (pafupifupi 20–35 mg/g ya chinthu chouma), theobromine, theophylline. Kuchuluka kwa caffeine mu Shú Pǔ’ěr, nthawi zambiri, n’kochepa kuposa mu Shēng Pǔ’ěr, chifukwa cha kumangirira kwa caffeine ndi ma polyphenols panthawi ya kufufuzira.
Ma Polysaccharides: Kuchuluka kokwezeka kwa ma polisakharayidu a tiyi osungunuka, omwe amapangika panthawi ya kufufuzira pambuyo — ali ndi udindo pa kutsekemera kofewa, kokutira kwa madzi otentha.
Ma Metabolite a Tizilombo: Panthawi ya mavundikiro onyowa, tiyi amalemetsedwa ndi zotulukira za moyo wa bowa ndi mabakiteriya abwino, kuphatikizapo statins (lovastatin) — zinthu zomwe zimathandiza kukhazikitsa bwino mlingo wa cholesterol.
Ma Vitamini: C (m’milingo yotsalira pang’ono), gulu la B (B₁, B₂, B₃), E, K.
Mchere: Potaziyamu, manyeziyamu, manganese, chitsulo, zinki, fluoride, selenium — kupezeka kwawo kumachokera ku kulemera kwa mchere m’madothi ofiira a ku Yúnnán.

8. Ubwino wa Zaumoyo:

Kuthandizira chakudya (消食, xiāo shí): Imalimbikitsa kugwedezeka kwa matumbo, imathandiza kugayidwa kwa chakudya chamafuta ndi cholemera. Kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ma pectin kumateteza ndi kufewetsa m’mimba (通便, tōng biàn — mphamvu yochepetsera kudzimbidwa pang’ono). Ku China, Shú Pǔ’ěr amamwa pambuyo pa chakudya chochuluka mwachizoloŵezi.
Kukhazikitsa bwino kagayidwe ka mafuta (去肥腻, qù féi nì): Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti zigawo za Shú Pǔ’ěr (lovastatin, theabrownins) zingathandize kugawa mafuta ndi kuchepetsa mlingo wa cholesterol “woipa” (LDL) ndi triglycerides.
Mphamvu yotenthetsa yoonekera: Lǎo Chá Tóu amakhala ndi chikhalidwe “chotentha” (性温, xìng wēn) m’mawu a mankhwala amwambo a ku China. Amalimbikitsa kuyenda kwa magazi, ndi wabwino kwambiri pa nyengo yozizira.
Mphamvu yolimbitsa thupi (益气力, yì qì lì): Amalimbitsa pang’ono, kuchotsa kutopa, kuwonjezera mphamvu. Amtumikira mofananira ndi mofewa kuposa Shēng Pǔ’ěr, chifukwa cha kumangirira kwa caffeine ndi ma polyphenols.
Mphamvu ya antioxidant: Thearubigins ndi ma polyphenol ena otsemera amakhala ndi mphamvu ya antioxidant.
Mphamvu yotithira malungo ndi yochotsa poizoni (清热, qīng rè): Imathandiza kutulutsa poizoni ndi zinyalala m’thupi, ndi kuthandizira ntchito za chiwindi.
Kukhazikitsa bwino mlingo wa shuga m’magazi: Kafukufuku angapo amasonyeza mphamvu ya hypoglycemic ya zigawo za Shú Pǔ’ěr.
Mphamvu yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya: Ma polyphenols ndi ma metabolite a tizilombo amakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi tizilombo, ndi kuteteza tizilombo tabwino tating’ono m’matumbo.

9. Kuwiritsa:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 95–100°C (madzi owira kwambiri). Lǎo Chá Tóu ndi tiyi wochindikala, wolemera, wofuna kutentha kokwezeka kuti atseguke bwinobwino.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 8–9 pa 130 ml ya madzi (gàiwǎn/mphika); 10 pa 500 ml pakuwira.
Zida: Ndibwino kwambiri mphika wadongo wapinki waku Yíxīng (宜兴紫砂壶, Yíxīng zǐshā hú), makamaka wopangidwa ndi dongo la mtundu wa zǐ ní (紫泥) — umasunga kutentha bwino kwambiri ndipo umalola tiyi kutseguka bwinobwino. Ndibwinonso gàiwǎn (盖碗, gàiwǎn) wopangidwa ndi porcelain kapena ceramic. Kuti uwire – mphika wagalasi kapena wa ceramic.
Ndondomeko (njira ya Gōngfū Chá, 功夫茶):

Kutenthetsa zida: Tsukani mphika kapena gàiwǎn ndi madzi owira.
Kuthira tiyi: Ikani Lǎo Chá Tóu m’chidebe chotenthetsedwa. Ngati mphala ndi yaikulu kwambiri — ithyoleni mosamala kukhala tizidutswa ta 2–3 cm.
Kutsuka (洗茶, xǐ chá): Thirani madzi owira ndipo nthawi yomweyo athireni. Kwa Lǎo Chá Tóu, bwinonso kutsuka kawiri (kuwira kufupi kaŵiri). Izi zimachotsa fumbi ndi “kudzutsa” masamba oponderezedwa.
Kuwiritsa koyamba: Thirani madzi owira, siyani kwa masekondi 15–20. Mawiritsidwe 1–3 oyamba — naufupi (masekondi 15–20).
Kuthira: Thirani madzi onsewo kupyolera mu sieve kupita mu cháhǎi (茶海, cháhǎi — chotengera chothirira), kenaka kuthirani m’makapu.
Kuwiritsa mobwerezabwereza: Mawiritsidwe 4–7 — onjezerani nthaŵi ndi masekondi 10 pa kuwiritsa kulikonse; kuyambira pa kuwiritsa kwa 8 — onjezerani masekondi 15. Lǎo Chá Tóu wabwino amapirira mawiritsidwe 10–20 ndi kupitirira. Chikhalidwe chodziwika: kukoma kumakula kuchokera pa kuwiritsa kulikonse.

Kuwira (煮茶法, zhǔ chá fǎ): Njira yosiyana komanso yotchuka kwambiri. Lǎo Chá Tóu 10 ag amawasukira kaŵiri, aikidwa m’mphika wagalasi kapena wa ceramic (玻璃壶/陶壶), kuthira madzi otentha ndi kuwira. Pamene madzi akhala ndi mtundu wochindikala, wodzaza — amathira. Madzi angathe kuonjezeredwa nthawi zambiri. Kuwira kumatsegula kuzama ndi mawonekedwe a mafuta okwanira a kukoma.
Njira ya thermos: 3–5 g amawasukira kaŵiri, kuthira madzi owira mu thermos (500 ml – 1 l) ndi kusiya kwa maola 2–4. Ndiyabwino pa maulendo ndi ofesi.

10. Kusunga:

Malo: Chipinda chouma, chamdima, chopumira mpweya bwino. Pewani kuwala kwadzuŵa kwa mwachindunji, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha.
Kutentha: Chakuchipinda (15–28°C). Kusunga m’firiji sikofunika ndipo n’kosayenera.
Chinyezi: 50–70%. Chinyezi chokwezeka kwambiri chimayambitsa kukula kwa nkhungu zosayenera, chochepa kwambiri chimapangitsa kuyanika ndi kutaya fungo.
Chidebe: Zidebe za ceramic kapena zadongo, mabokosi a makatoni, matumba a nsalu za cotton. Zidebe zachitsulo zopanda mafungo akunja zimaloledwa. Zoletsedwa ndi mapaketi a plastic otsekedwa mwamphamvu — tiyi amafunikira mpweya wochepa kuti apitilize kufufuzira pambuyo.
Adani a tiyi: Chinyezi, mafungo akunja (zokometsera, khofi, mankhwala apanyumba), kuwala kwadzuŵa kwa mwachindunji, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha.
Kuthekera kosunga: Lǎo Chá Tóu amasungika bwino kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Sanapangidwe kuti asinthe kwambiri monga Shēng Pǔ’ěr, komabe akasungidwa bwino amakhala bwino kwambiri m’zaka 5–15: fungo lotsalira la “堆味” limatha, kutsekemera kumakula, ma toni abwino a kamfola, nkhuni zokhwima, ginseng amawonekera.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Lǎo Chá Tóu, nthawi zambiri, amawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa Shú Pǔ’ěr wamba wosalala, koma ndi zotsika mtengo kuposa mitundu yapamwamba ya nsonga (Gōng Tǐng, Dà Jīn Yá). Magawo a mtengo oyerekeza (mu yuan pa jīn, ~500 g):

Mlingo woyamba (kukhwimitsa kwa zaka zosachepera 5): 100–300 yuan. Pangakhale fungo lotsalira la “堆味”, kukoma sikunatsegukebe bwinobwino. N’koyenera kudziŵa mtunduwu.
Mlingo wapakati (kukhwimitsa kwa zaka 5–10): 300–800 yuan. Chén xiāng imaonekera momveka, kukoma kwake n’kogwirizana ndi kozungulira.
Mlingo wapamwamba (kukhwimitsa kwa zaka 10–20): 800–2000 yuan. Madzi otentha ndi ofiira-bulauni, ochindikala; ma toni a zipatso za kanjedza ndi mpunga (枣-糯) amaonekera (枣香糯香).
Wosonkhanitsidwa (kukhwimitsa kwa zaka zopitirira 20): kuyambira 2000 yuan ndi kupitirira. N’kosowa; ma toni a nkhuni zokhwima ndi ginseng amalamulira.

Mtengo umadaliranso kwambiri mtundu wa zakudya zoyambirira (munda wamba vs. wamitengo/gǔshù), mbiri ya fakitale, gulu lenileni ndi mikhalidwe ya kusunga.

Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:

Gulani kwa ogulitsa odalirika: Malo ogulitsira tiyi apadera okhala ndi mbiri yabwino, omwe angathe kupereka zidziŵitso za wopanga ndi chaka chotulutsa.
Onani maonekedwe: Timphala tiyenera kukhala tolimba, ta mawonekedwe osalongosoka, popanda fumbi lambiri ndi zosweka. Pamwamba pake ponyezimira pang’ono. Chenjerani: timphala tofanana kwambiri, tozungulira bwino tingathe kukhala zoyerekezera zoponderezedwa mwadala (suì yín zǐ, 碎银子 — “siliva waphwa” / chá huàshí, 茶化石 — “chokwirira cha tiyi”).
Yang’anani fungo: Tiyi wouma ayenera kukhala ndi fungo loyera la dothi-nkhuni, popanda zovunda, acidity, nkhungu kapena ma toni a mankhwala.
Onani madzi otentha: Madzi otentha ayenera kukhala a amber wakuda kapena bulauni, owonekera bwino (osati ochindikala opanda kuwala), opanda zinthu zamadzimadzi. Madzi otentha osaoneka bwino, osalala ndi chizindikiro cha khalidwe lotsika kapena kusunga kosayenera.
Yang’anani mtengo: Mtengo wokayikitsa wotsika wa Lǎo Chá Tóu “wokhwimitsidwa” ndi chizindikiro chowonekera cha chinyengo.

12. Mfundo Zochititsa Chidwi:

Kuchokera ku zinyalala kukhala chakudya chamtengo wapatali: Lǎo Chá Tóu ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zochepa m’makampani a tiyi, pomwe chotulukira chochokera pa kupanga chinasanduka chinthu chodziyimira pawokha cha malonda ndi mtengo wokulirakulira. M’zaka za m’ma 1970–80, mphala zimenezi nthawi zambiri ankangozitaya; masiku ano, okusonkhanitsa amafunafuna zitsanzo zokhwimitsidwa.
Kusowa kwapa cann peresenti: Kuchokera pa matani 20 a máochá pakuvundikira, amangopanga 160–300 kg okha a Lǎo Chá Tóu (0.8–1.5%) — ndicho chifukwa chake amasowa pang’ono.
Kupirira kochulukitsa: Lǎo Chá Tóu wabwino wokhwimitsidwa amatha kupirira mawiritsidwe 20 ndi kupitirira akamwira mwa njira ya Gōngfū Chá — kwambiri kuposa tiyi wina wambiri, kuphatikizapo ma Shú Pǔ’ěr osalala.
“Kuledzera kwa tiyi” (茶醉, chá zuì): Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zinthu za bioactive m’mphala zolimbika, Lǎo Chá Tóu angabweretse mphamvu ya “kuledzera kwa tiyi” yowonekera kwambiri kuposa Shú Pǔ’ěr wamba: kumva kutentha thupi lonse, kuthwa kwa kuzindikira, chisangalalo ndi kumasuka. Sizololedwa kumwa Lǎo Chá Tóu wamphamvu pa m’mimba mopanda kanthu.
N’wabwino kwambiri kuwiwa: Mosiyana ndi tiyi wina ambiri, Lǎo Chá Tóu amatseguka modabwitsa akaŵiridwa — njira yomwe inalongosoledwa kale ndi wanzeru wa tiyi, Lù Yǔ (陆羽, Lù Yǔ), mu “Chájīng” (《茶经》, Chá Jīng, 760 CE). Okonda ena amaona kuwira kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri yokonzera tiyi umenewu.

13. Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Lǎo Chá Tóu:

Lǎo Chá Tóu angathe kusanjidwa malinga ndi mfundo zingapo:

Malinga ndi mtundu wa zakudya zoyambirira:
- Mtundu wa nsonga imodzi (单芽型, dān yá xíng): Amapangika kuchokera ku nsonga zofewa; amadziwika ndi tsitsi lalifupi lagolide lochuluka, chén xiāng yowonekera, kutsekemera kofewa. Ndiwosoweka kwambiri ndi wamtengo wapatali.
- Nsonga ndi tsamba limodzi (一芽一叶型): Kuŵerenganika kwa kufewa ndi kuchindikala. Kukoma kogwirizana.
- Nsonga ndi masamba aŵiri kapena atatu (一芽二三叶型): Kulamulira ndi unyinji wa masamba. Kukoma kwake n’kolimba komanso “kwamphamvu.”
Malinga ndi mlingo wa kufufuzira kwa Shú Pǔ’ěr woyambirira:
- Kufufuzira kopepuka: Amasunga ma toni atsopano ochuluka, huí gān mwachangu. M’kukoma — ma nuance a apulo, pichesi.
- Kufufuzira kozama: Chén xiāng yowonekera, madzi otentha ochindikala, fungo la betel (槟榔香). N’zoyenera kusungidwa kwa nthaŵi yaitali.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula:
- Mphala zazikulu (大块型, 5–10 cm ndi kupitirira): Zimafuna kusiyidwa kwa nthaŵi yaitali kapena kuwira; zimapereka madzi otentha ochindikala kwambiri ndi a mafuta. Nthawi zina amazitcha “zokwirira za tiyi” (chá huàshí, 茶化石).
- Mphala zazing’ono (小块型, 1–3 cm): N’zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, zimatseguka mwachangu.
- Mawonekedwe oponderezedwa: Zikondamoyo, njerwa, tuó chá zopangidwa kuchokera ku Lǎo Chá Tóu.
Malinga ndi zaka (nthaŵi yakukhwimitsa):
- Zazing’ono (zochepera zaka 3): fungo la “堆味” lowonekera, amalimbikitsidwa kusungidwa mopitirira.
- Zokhwima (zaka 3–10): fungo la “堆味” latha, chén xiāng yawonekera, kukoma n’kogwirizana.
- Zakale (zaka zopitirira 10): kukoma kozama, kosiyanasiyana ndi ma toni a kamfola, nkhuni, ginseng.

Pomaliza:

Lǎo Chá Tóu ndi tiyi wa chodabwitsa, tiyi wa fulegi, woukitsidwa kuchokera ku “fumbi” la zinyalala za kupanga. M’dziko limene gramu iliyonse ya zakudya zamtengo wapatali imaŵerengedwa, ndi mphala zomwezo zosagawanika, zokanidwa panthawi yakusanja, zomwe zinakhala zonyamulira zochitika za kukoma kwapadera, kosayerekezeka. Madzi otentha ochindikala, a mafuta ndi ma toni a nkhuni, mtedza, chokoleti ndi kutsekemera kwa zipatso za kanjedza; mphamvu yotenthetsa yamphamvu, imene imafalikira thupi lonse; kuthekera kupirira mawiritsidwe makumi ambiri, ndi kutsegula mbali zatsopano pang’onopang’ono — zonsezi zimapangitsa Lǎo Chá Tóu kukhala mmodzi wa oimira odziwika kwambiri komanso osaiŵalika a banja lalikulu la Shú Pǔ’ěr. Tiyi ameneyu adzakondweretsadi amene amayamikira kuzama ndi kukhazikika pakumwa tiyi, amene safunafuna kupepuka ndi kuwonekera, koma mphamvu, kutentha ndi kukoma kokhalitsa, komwe kungathe kutenthetsa thupi ndi mzimu pa usiku wozizira wa nyengo yozizira.