Jūnshān yín zhēn · new.thetea.app

Jūnshān yín zhēn (君山银针, Jūnshān yín zhēn) — “Singano za Siliva za Phiri la Mfumu” — ndi tiyi amene amavina. Ali m’gulu la tiyi khumi wamkulu wa ku China, ndi ngale komanso woyimira wapamwamba wa tiyi wachikasu, ali ndi udindo wa “mphatso ya boma” (国礼茶) ndipo analembedwa m’ndandanda wa chikhalidwe chosawoneka cha UNESCO (2022). Koma zonsezi zimasanduka chabe pamaso pa chithunzi chomwe chimawonekera m’kapu: akamapanga, masamba a Jūnshān yín zhēn amayandama katatu ndi kumira katatu (三起三落, sān qǐ sān luò), n’kuima oongoka ngati nsungwi zomwe zikamera kuchokera m’nthaka, ngati mpeni wankhondo pabwalo, ngati singano za siliva zolowerera munsalu wagolide. Mao Zedong adawatcha “tiyi wovina” (会跳舞的茶). Tiyi ameneyu amachokera pachilumba chaching’ono chomwe chili mkati mwa nyanja yachiwiri yayikulu ya madzi abwino ku China — Dongtinghu, kumene malo olima tiyi ndi 307 mu yekha (~20 ha), ndipo pachaka amapanga makilogalamu 400 okha a singano za siliva. Tekinoloje wake — wokha pakati pa tiyi wachikasu — amaphatikiza “kufula kawiri” (双闷黄, shuāng mēnhuáng): njira ziwiri zotsatizana za mēnhuáng zomwe zimatenga maola 68, zomwe zimapanga mtundu wake wodziwika wagolide-wamalanje ndi kapangidwe kake kopanda mafuta, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti tiyi uyu utchedwe “jīn xiāng yù” (金镶玉, “golide womangidwa ndi mwala wamtengo wapatali”).

1. Kusankhula ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wachikasu (黄茶, huángchá), wofufumiza pang’ono (15–25%). Ndi wa gulu laling’ono la “tiyi wachikasu wopangidwa ndi masamba” (黄芽茶, huáng yá chá) — mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa zopangira.
Gulu: Mmodzi wa tiyi khumi wamkulu wa ku China (中国十大名茶, 1959). Mmodzi wa tiyi anayi wamkulu wachikasu wachikhalidwe. “Korona wa tiyi wachikasu” (黄茶之冠). Tiyi wa nyumba ya mfumu (贡茶) kuyambira nthawi ya Qing. Tekinoloje yake inalembedwa m’ndandanda wa chikhalidwe chosawoneka cha chigawo cha Hunan (2009) ndi cha Republic of China (2021). 2022 — inalembedwa m’ndandanda wa chikhalidwe chosawoneka cha anthu onse cha UNESCO (muli mkati mwa fayilo ya “Tekinoloje Zachikhalidwe Zopangira Tiyi ndi Miyambo Yogwirizana Nayo ku China”). 2006 — udindo wa “mphatso ya boma” (国礼), wotsimikizidwa ndi Unduna wa Zamalonda ndi Mfumukazi Zakunja ku China.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Hunan (湖南, Húnán), mzinda wa Yueyang (岳阳, Yuèyáng), nyanja ya Dongtinghu (洞庭湖, Dòngtíng Hú), chilumba cha Junshan (君山岛, Jūnshān Dǎo). Junshan ndi chilumba chaching’ono (malo osakwana 1 km²) mkati mwa Dongtinghu, nyanja yachiwiri yayikulu ya madzi abwino ku China (malo ~2625 km²). Chilumbachi chimatchedwanso Dongtingshan (洞庭山).
Ziphuphu za malo: Pafupifupi 29°24’ kumpoto kwa latitudi, 113°00’ kummawa kwa longitudi.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo Lachikhalidwe:

Mbiri:
- Tang (唐, 618–907 AD) — kubadwa ndi kulemekezeka koyamba: Kupanga tiyi ku Junshan kudalembedwa kale m’nthawi ya Tang. Lu Yu (陆羽) m’buku la “The Classic of Tea” (《茶经》) anatchula: “Ku Baling pa phiri la Junshan amapanga tiyi.” Tiyi amatchedwa “huáng língmáo” (黄翎毛, “nthiti zachikasu”) — chifukwa cha mtundu wake wagolide ndi ubweya wonga wa mbalame. Malingana ndi nthano, mwana wamkazi wa mfumu Wencheng (文成公主), pokonzekera ulendo wopita ku Tibet mu 641 kukakwatirana ndi mfumu ya Tibet Songtsen Gampo, anasankha tiyi wa ku Junshan. M’nthawi ya Song, tiyi amatchedwanso “Báihè Chá” (白鹤茶, “Tiyi wa Nsalu Woyera”) — malingana ndi nthano ya mlaŵi wonga nsalu amene anabweretsa mbewu za tiyi pachilumbachi.
- Qing (清, 1644–1911) — udindo wa nyumba ya mfumu: Mfumu Qianlong (乾隆), atapita ku Dongtinghu paulendo wake wakum’mwera, analawa tiyi wa ku Junshan ndipo anachita chidwi kwambiri moti anamulowetsa m’ndandanda wa zopereka ku nyumba ya mfumu. “Buku la Chigawo cha Baling” (《巴陵县志》) linanena: mulingo wapachaka — makilogalamu 18 okha (~9 kg). M’nthawi ya Qing, tiyi anasankhidwa kukhala “jiān chá” (尖茶, “tiyi wosongoka,” womwenso umatchedwa “gòng jiān” 贡尖) ndi “róng chá” (茸茶, “tiyi waubweya”). Ndi “jiān chá” — masamba oyera obweya ooneka ngati malupanga — amene anakhala chitsanzo cha “singano za siliva” zamakono.
- 1952 — kubwezeretsanso: Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo olima tiyi ku Junshan (君山茶场). Gulu la akatswiri linabwezeretsa teknoloji yachikhalidwe, makamaka “kufula kawiri” (双闷黄).
- 1956 — mendulo ya golide ya Leipzig: Jūnshān yín zhēn anapeza Mendulo ya Golide ya Phwando la Mayiko ku Leipzig (Germany) — ulemerero woyamba wa mayiko. Monga mwambi: “tiyi wokweza ulemerero wa China” (茶盖中华).
- 1957 — dzina lachidziwitso: Tiyi anapatsidwa dzina lake lamakono — “Jūnshān yín zhēn” (君山银针).
- 1959 — gulu la khumi wamkulu: Analowetsedwa m’ndandanda wovomerezeka wa “Tiyi Khumi Wamkulu wa ku China” — tiyi wachikasu yekha wolembedwa.
- 1972 — tiyi wa UN: Jūnshān yín zhēn anabweretsedwa ndi nthumwi za boma la China ku likulu la UN ku New York kuti akadyetsere atsogoleri a mayiko ndi akazembe. M’chaka chomwecho, Richard Nixon analandira Jūnshān yín zhēn ngati mphatso paulendo wake wodziwika bwino wopita ku China.
- 2006 — mphatso ya boma: Unduna wa Zamalonda ndi Mfumukazi Zakunja ku China adalemba bwino kuti Jūnshān yín zhēn ndi “mphatso ya boma” (国礼). Tiyi anaperekedwa kwa pulezidenti wa Russia V. V. Putin.
- 2022 — UNESCO: Tekinoloje yopanga inalembedwa m’ndandanda wa chikhalidwe chosawoneka cha anthu onse.
Dzina:
- “Jūnshān” (君山) — “Phiri la Mfumu.” Malingana ndi nthano, mfumu Shun (舜帝), m’modzi wa Afumu Asanu odziwika bwino a nthano, anamwalira paulendo wakum’mwera. Akazi ake — Ehuang (娥皇) ndi Nüying (女英), ana aakazi a mfumu Yao — anam’funafuna ndipo anamira mu Dongtinghu osafika ku chilumbacho. Misozi yawo, yomwe inagwera pa nsungwi, inasiya zipsera zosatha — ndipo choncho panabadwa “xiangfei zhu” (湘妃竹, “nsungwi ya misozi ya akazi a mfumu a Xiang”). Ndipo misozi yomwe inagwera pa nthaka inapatsa moyo kwa mitengo ya tiyi. “Phiri la Mfumu” ndi phiri limene mfumu Shun anali kulakalaka.
- “Yín Zhēn” (银针) — “Singano za Siliva” — mwalero la masamba: oongoka, ozama, okutidwa ndi ubweya wasiliva, wooneka ngati singano.
- “Jīn xiāng yù” (金镶玉, “Golide womangidwa ndi mwala wamtengo wapatali”) — dzina la ndakatulo chifukwa cha magawo awiri amtundu: mkati mwa masamba ndi golide-wamalanje, kunja ndi koyera kuchokera ku ubweya.
Tanthauzo lachikhalidwe: Jūnshān yín zhēn ali ndi malo apadera mu chikhalidwe cha China, omwe akuposa kwambiri za tiyi. Chilumba cha Junshan ndi chimodzi mwa malo omwe ali ndi zosanjikiza zakale kwambiri ku China: pano pali manda a akazi awiri a Shun, pali chipilala cha Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇封山印), pali “Chitsime cha Liu Yi” (柳毅井) — malo omwe nthano yotchuka yachikondi ya nthumwi ya mfumu yapansi pa madzi inachitika, pano anayenda Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Fan Zhongyan. Fan Zhongyan analemba pano “Kalata Yokhudza Nsanja ya Yueyang” (《岳阳楼记》) — chimodzi mwa zolemba zofunika kwambiri za prose ya China, ndi mzere wotchuka: “Poyamba kudandaula ndi mavuto a dziko lonse, potsiriza kukondwera ndi chisangalalo cha dziko lonse” (先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐). Tiyi wochokera pachilumbachi — ndi chakumwa chothiridwa muzosanjikiza za mbiri yazaka zikwi.

3. Kufotokozera Kwadziko ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu wa chomera: Jūnshān qúntǐ zhǒng (君山群体种) — gulu la mitundu ya m’deralo, mtundu wa tchire (灌木型), masamba apakatikati (中叶类). Amalimidwa kokha pachilumba cha Junshan. Makhalidwe: masamba ndi aakulu, olemera (百芽重, kulemera kwa masamba zana — ~45 g), mtundu — wobiriŵa pang’ono ndi kathithi ka pepuru (淡绿带紫晕), ubweya wandindindi. Polifenoli za tiyi — 25–30%, maamino asidi — ≥4.3%. Wokhoza kupirira chinyezi ndi kuzizira.
Kusonkha: Masiku 3–4 chisanafike Qingming (清明, pafupifupi 5 April), mkati mwa masiku 7–10. Kusonkha koyamba kokha kwa masika (春茶首轮). Amagwiritsa ntchito masamba okhaokha (单芽, dān yá). Kutalika kwa masamba — 25–30 mm, m’lifupi — 3–4 mm, kutalika kwa tsinde losalidwa — ~2 mm.
Mulingo wa kusonkha — “Zoletsedwa Zisanu ndi Zinayi” (九不采, jiǔ bù cǎi):
1. Osasonkha mvula ikagwa (雨天不采).
2. Osasonkha pali chisanu (风霜不采).
3. Masamba otseguka osawasonkha (开口不采).
4. Masamba a pepuru osawasonkha (发紫不采).
5. Masamba opanda kanthu osawasonkha (空心不采).
6. Masamba opindika osawasonkha (弯曲不采).
7. Masamba owonongeka ndi tizirombo osawasonkha (虫伤不采).
8. Masamba ofooka, ofowoka osawasonkha (细瘦不采).
9. Masamba osakwanira kukula kwake osawasonkha (不合尺寸不采).
Zokolola: Kwa 500 g (1 jīn) ya tiyi wouma amafunika pafupifupi 40,000 mamba aatsopano. Uyu ndi m’modzi mwa tiyi “ovuta kwambiri” padziko lonse malinga ndi chiŵerengero cha zopangira ku chinthu chomalizidwa.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Chilumba cha Junshan: Chilumba chaching’ono (chosakwana 1 km²) mkati mwa Dongtinghu. Mbali zonse zinayi zozunguliridwa ndi madzi — kudzipatula kwathunthu pachilumba. Dothi — dothi lofiira lamchenga wa acidic (砂质酸性红壤), losalala, lachonde, lolemera ndi mchere. Chophimba cha nkhalango — kuposa 90%.
Nyengo: Chinyezi cha pakati pa subtropiki. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka — 16–17°C. Mvula yapachaka — ~1340 mm. Chinyezi chachibale — ≥80% kuyambira Marichi mpaka Seputembala. Kutuluka kwa madzi a m’nyanja m’masika ndi m’chilimwe kumapanga mitambo yokhazikika ndi chifunga. Kuwala kofalikira (漫射光) — ndi mtundu waukulu wa kuwala. Kusiyana kwa kutentha: pamtunda — ndi kwakukulu, mumphepo — ndi kochepa chifukwa cha mphamvu yochepetsera kutentha ya nyanja.
Malo olima tiyi: Ndi 307 mu yekha (~20.5 ha). Izi zimachititsa kuti Junshan ikhale imodzi mwa malo ang’onoang’ono kwambiri olima tiyi padziko lonse. Kuchuluka kwa “Jūnshān yín zhēn” pachaka — ~400 kg, “Jūnshān Máo Jiān” — ~2000 kg. Kufunikira kwa msika — kuposa 80,000 kg pachaka, zomwe zikutanthauza: kuposa 99% ya tiyi wogulitsidwa ngati “Jūnshān yín zhēn” — si wochokera pachilumbachi. (Pofuna kukulitsa kupanga, akukonzekera kuwonjezera ma 4600 mu ena m’mapiri oyandikana: Yūnwùshān 2000, Zhūmùshān 1500, Tiānjǐngshān 1100.)
Makhalidwe: Chilumba cha Junshan ndi malo otetezedwa. Miyezo yokhwima ya chilengedwe. Palibe zoipitsa za mafakitale. Nyengo yaying’ono yapadera — “chikoka cha pachilumba”: madzi a m’nyanja amachepetsa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, kupereka chinyezi chokhazikika ndi kuwala kofalikira — malo abwino kuti masamba akule pang’onopang’ono ndi kusonkhanitsa maamino asidi ambiri.

5. Tekinoloje ya Kupanga:

Tekinoloje ya Jūnshān yín zhēn ndi imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri komanso zotenga nthawi yaitali pakati pa tiyi wachikasu: njira 10, maola 72, ntchito yonse yamanja. Chapadera kwambiri — “kufula kawiri” (双闷黄, shuāng mēnhuáng): njira ziwiri zotsatizana za mēnhuáng zomwe zimapatsa mlingo wa kufufumiza wa 15–25%.

Kuyala / Tān qīng (摊青): Masamba aatsopano amayalidwa mulu wochepa pa mphasa za nsungwi kuti aumitsidwe pang’ono. Maola 1–2.
“Kupha masamba” / Shā qīng (杀青): Kutentha ~80–100°C. Kuwotcha kwakanthawi, mosamala. Masamba ndi opepuka komanso olemelera — pamafunika kusamala kwambiri kuti asawononge kapangidwe kake ndi kusokoneza kuthekera kwa “kukwezeka katatu ndi kumira katatu.”
Kuyala kutonthola / Tān liáng (摊凉): Kutonthola mpaka kutentha kwa chipinda.
Kuumitsa koyamba / Chū hōng (初烘): Kuumitsa kopepuka. Mwachikhalidwe — pa mphasa za nsungwi pamwamba pa makala a mtengo wa sophora (槐炭, huái tàn) — amakhulupirira kuti makala a sophora amapereka kutentha koyera kwambiri ndi kukhazikitsa fungo.
Kufula koyamba / Chū bāo (初包, “kukulunga koyamba”): Masamba amakulungidwa mu pepala lapadera (牛皮纸, niúpí zhǐ) m’magulu a pafupifupi 500 g ndi kuikidwa m’mabokosi amtengo. Kutentha — kwa chipinda kapena kotentha pang’ono. Nthawi — maola 40–48. Iyi ndi njira yoyamba ya mēnhuáng — kukhwima pang’onopang’ono, kolamulidwa. Kumatulutsa kusanduka kwa mankhwala kwa polifenoli, kuwonongeka kwa chlorophyll, kupanga utoto wachikasu, kufewetsa kuŵawa.
Kuumitsa kachiwiri / Fù hōng (复烘): Kuumitsa kuti kukhwinya kuyimilidwe ndi kuchotsa pang’ono chinyezi.
Kufula kwachiwiri / Fù bāo (复包, “kukulunga kachiwiri”): Njira yachiwiri ya mēnhuáng — ~maola 20. Kukulitsa kusanduka: utoto wamalanje umakulirakulira, kumapanga mafuta odziwika bwino ndi “kusalala” kwa kukoma. Nthawi yonse ya kufula kawiri — mpaka maola 68. Ndi “kufula kawiri” kumene kumapanga gawo lamkati lagolide-wamalanje la masamba, lomwe linapatsa tiyi dzina lake “golide womangidwa ndi mwala wamtengo wapatali.”
Kuumitsa komaliza / Zú huǒ (足火): Kukwanitsa kuumitsa kwathunthu. Mwachikhalidwe — pa mphasa za nsungwi pamwamba pa makala a sophora (槐炭烘笼定香). Kutentha — kumatsika pang’onopang’ono.
Kusankha / Jīng xuǎn (精选): Kusankha mamanja mosamalitsa. Amachotsa masamba onse osakwanira mulingo: opindika, osweka, osakwanira ubweya, ang’onoang’ono kapena aakulu kwambiri.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva ndi Ziwalo:

Maonekedwe a masamba ouma: Masamba oongoka, ozama, amphamvu ooneka ngati singano (针芽状). Okutidwa ndi ubweya wandindindi wasiliva (满披银毫). Mtundu — wachikasu wagolide wonyezimira ndi kunyezimira kwa siliva (金黄光亮). Gawo lamkati — golide-wamalanje, lakunja — loyera kuchokera ku ubweya: “jīn xiāng yù” (金镶玉, “golide womangidwa ndi mwala wamtengo wapatali”). Aalingana kukula (长短大小均匀).
Fungo la masamba ouma: Loyeretsedwa (清香, qīngxiāng), ndi “máo xiāng” (毫香, fungo la ubweya) — lofanana ndi chimanga chophikidwa. Wotsekemera, ndi fungo la pichesi yokhwima ndi makungwa a mandarin (熟桃/蜜桔).
Fungo la mankhwala: “Qīng chún” (清纯) — loyeretsedwa, losadetsedwa. Maluwa, uchi, fungo lopepuka la zipatso. Popanda udzu, popanda utsi. Fungo — ndi lochepekera kwambiri “kukwiya” pakati pa tiyi wamkulu wachikasu: si la mtedza (monga Huoshan), si la chimanga (monga Pingyang), koma la “mwala wamtengo wapatali” — loyeretsedwa ndi lozizira.
Kukoma: “Gān chún tián shuǎng” (甘醇甜爽) — wotsekemera, wofewa, wotsitsimula, ndi kapangidwe ka mafuta ndi “kumamatira” (粘稠感, “thupi” la chakumwa). Kuwawa ndi kukwiya kulibe kwenikweni. Kukoma kotsalira — kwautali, kotsekemera, kokuta. Kukoma — ndi “kosalala” kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wachikasu, chifukwa cha kufula kawiri. “Kutsitsimuka katatu” kwa Huoshan kuno kumasandulika kukhala “kufewa katatu” (三嫩): kufewa kwa fungo, kukoma, ndi kapangidwe.
Mtundu wa mankhwala: “Xìng huáng míng jìng” (杏黄明净) — wachikasu wa apricot, woyera, woonera ngati galasi, ndi konyezimira kwa golide. Ndi wodetsedwa kwambiri komanso “wotentha” kuposa Huoshan Huang Ya kapena Mengding Huang Ya — chifukwa cha kufula kawiri kozama.
Pansi pa tiyi (masamba opangidwa): “Féi hòu yún liàng” (肥厚匀亮) — masamba aakulu, olingana, onyezimira achikasu agolide. Ofewa, odzaza, osalala.

7. Zomwe Zili Mkati mwa Mankhwala:

Polifenoli: 25–30%. Kufula kawiri (maola 68) kumasandutsa kwambiri makatekini a esterified — kukwiya kumatsika kwambiri kuposa kufula kamodzi kwa tiyi wina wachikasu.
Maamino asidi: ≥4.3%. L-theanine — ndiye chigawo chachikulu. Mphamvu ya antioxidant ya polifenoli za Jūnshān yín zhēn ikuyerekezedwa kukhala yayikulu kuposa ya vitamin E nthawi 18.
Alkaloidi: Kafeini + theanine — “chotonthoza chopepuka” cha kachikale chokhala ndi zotsatira zogwirizana.
Mavitamini: C, magulu a B.
Mchere: Potaziyamu, magnesium, fluoride (抑制龋菌, kuletsa mabakiteriya oyambitsa matenda a mano), zinc, selenium.
Polysaccharide za tiyi ndi flavonoidi: Kuchuluka kwakukulu, kupereka ntchito ya antioxidant, ya hypolipidemic ndi yothandiza chitetezo cha mthupi.

8. Phindu la Thanzi:

Chitetezo cha antioxidant: Polifenoli (25–30%) + flavonoidi. Ntchito yayikulu yochotsa ma radicals aulere.
Kuthandiza kagayidwe kazakudya: Kafeini ndi L-theanine pamodzi zimalimbikitsa kagayidwe kazakudya, kupereka mphamvu yofewa, yokhalitsa popanda kupsinjika.
Thanzi la m’mimba: Makatekini amalimbikitsa kugawa kwamafuta. Kufula kawiri kumapangitsa kuti tiyi akhale wofewa kwambiri ku m’mimba — wofewa kwambiri kuposa tiyi wobiriŵira.
Thanzi la mano: Fluoride imaletsa ntchito ya mabakiteriya oyambitsa matenda a mano.
Ntchito yochepetsera mafuta m’magazi: Polysaccharide za tiyi ndi flavonoidi zimathandiza kuchepetsa mlingo wa lipid m’magazi.
Kufewa kwa m’mimba yosamva: Chifukwa cha kusanduka kozama panthawi ya kufula kawiri, Jūnshān yín zhēn amalimbikitsidwa makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi m’mimba yosamva.

9. Kupanga Tiyi:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–90°C. Osagwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha kwambiri — apo ayi masamba amapsya, amataya kuthekera kwa “kukwezeka katatu” ndi kupereka kuwawa.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150–200 ml ya madzi.
Chotengera: Kapu yamagalasi yopenyera — ndi yofunikira. Ndi m’magalasi momwe “kuvina kwa singano za siliva” kumawonekera. Chosinthira — gaiwan yoyera ya porcelain kuti afungo.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsa kapu ndi madzi otentha, tsanulani.
2. Ikani 3 g ya tiyi.
3. Pang’onopang’ono tsanulani madzi a 80–90°C. Osachotsa mankhwala oyamba — mmenemo muli fungo lalikulu la “máo xiāng” (毫香) ndi zipatso.
4. Onani “kukwezeka katatu ndi kumira katatu” (三起三落): masamba poyamba amayandama pamwamba, kenako pang’onopang’ono amamira pansi, amakwezekanso ndi kumiranso — mpaka katatu. Fizikisi ya chodabwitsa ichi: gawo lakunja la masamba limayamwa madzi ndikulemera (masamba amamira), kenako thupi la masamba limatupa, kachulukidwe kamachepa (masamba amayandama), kenako kuyamwa kumapitilira — ndipo kuzungulira kumachitikanso. “Kukwezeka katatu ndi kumira katatu” — si nthano, koma chowonadi cha fizikisi, chomwe chimachitika chifukwa cha kukulira kwake ndi kachulukidwe kake kapadera kwa masamba a Junshan.
5. Lekerani kwa mphindi 2–3. Masamba amaima oongoka pansi — “nsungwi zikamera kuchokera m’nthaka” (群笋出土), “mpeni pabwalo” (刀枪林立).
6. Kupanga mobwerezabwereza: mpaka 3–4, kuwonjezera nthawi.
Chenjezo: Osagwiritsa ntchito thermos ndi madzi otentha kwambiri — masamba amaphika, amataya maonekedwe, fungo, ndi kuthekera “kuvina.”

10. Kusunga:

Jūnshān yín zhēn amafunika kusungidwa mosamala kwambiri. Njira yachikhalidwe — “shí huī tán mì fēng” (石灰坛密封): chotengera cha ceramic chotsekedwa ndi thumba la laimu wosazimitsidwa (choyamwa chinyezi), chosindikizidwa ndi sera. Njira yamakono — kutsekedwa mu thumba la foil, mufiriji (0…+5°C) kuti tipewe kusanduka kwa mankhwala. Chofunika: tiyi watsopano ali ndi “mphamvu ya moto” yotsalira (火气) kuchokera ku kuumitsa — tikulimbikitsidwa kudikira masabata awiri musanamwe. Ena osangalala amachita kusungitsa kwa nthawi yaitali (陈化) — patapita zaka, kukoma kumakhala kozungulira kwambiri ndi konga uchi. Adani a tiyi: kuwala, kutentha, chinyezi, fungo lachilendo, mpweya.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Jūnshān yín zhēn ndi m’modzi mwa tiyi okwera mtengo kwambiri komanso onyengedwa kwambiri padziko lonse. Kuchuluka kwa kupanga “singano za siliva” zenizeni zochokera pachilumba pachaka — ~400 kg. Kufunikira kwa msika — kuposa 80,000 kg. Izi zikutanthauza: pa gramu iliyonse yeniyeni pafupifupi 200 gramu zonyenga zilipo.

Mulingo wamtengo: Gulu lapadera (特号/特级) — kuchokera pa 2000 yuan pa jīn (500 g) ndi kupitilira apo, m’mapaketi amphatso — mpaka 5000–10,000 yuan. Gulu loyamba (一号) — 1000–2000 yuan. Gulu lachiwiri (二号) — 500–1000 yuan.
Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
- Chiwopsezo chachikulu: kugulitsa tiyi wobiriŵira wochokera kumadera ena m’dzina la “Jūnshān yín zhēn.” Nthawi zina — kugulitsa tiyi woyera Báiháo Yínzhēn (白毫银针) wochokera ku Fujian ngati “singano za siliva zochokera ku Junshan” — kufanana kwa mawu “yín zhēn” mu dzina.
- Jūnshān yín zhēn weniweni: gawo lamkati — golide-wamalanje (osati lobiriŵira.), lakunja — loyera la siliva. “Golide womangidwa ndi mwala wamtengo wapatali.” Mkati mwobiriŵira ndi chizindikiro cha tiyi wobiriŵira wopanda mēnhuáng.
- Mankhwala — achikasu a apricot (杏黄), osati obiriŵira owoneka bwino.
- “Kukwezeka katatu ndi kumira katatu” — ngakhale sikutitsimikizira kuti ndi weniweni, koma kusapezeka kwa chodabwitsa ichi pakupanga moyenera ndi chizindikiro chochenjeza (masamba a madera ena nthawi zambiri amakhala osalimba kwambiri).
- Gulani kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ovomerezeka a mtundu wa “Jūnshān” (君山牌) — Hunan Junshan Yinzhen Tea Industry Co., Ltd.

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:

Jūnshān yín zhēn ndi tiyi wachikasu yekha m’ndandanda wovomerezeka wa “Tiyi Khumi Wamkulu wa ku China” (1959). Izi zikutanthauza kuti akuyimira gulu lonse — tiyi wachikasu — mu “pantheon” ya dziko.
Mao Zedong anawatcha “tiyi wovina” (会跳舞的茶) — chifukwa cha chodabwitsa cha “kukwezeka katatu ndi kumira katatu.” Fizikisi ya chodabwitsa ichi: kuyamwa kosafanana kwa madzi ndi magawo akunja ndi mkati mwa masamba kumapanga kusinthasintha kwa kachulukidwe, kuchititsa masamba kumira ndi kuyandama mozungulira.
Pa 500 g ya tiyi amafunika pafupifupi 40,000 mamba. Masamba alionse amasankhidwa pamanja, amasankhidwa malinga ndi mfundo 9 — ndipo izi zikuchitika pachilumba cha malo osakwana 1 km². Nyengo ya kusonkha — masiku 7–10. Uyu ndi m’modzi mwa tiyi “ovuta kwambiri” padziko lapansi.
Nthano ya Ehuang ndi Nüying: akazi awiri a mfumu Shun anamira mu Dongtinghu popita kumalo a imfa yake. Misozi yawo pa nsungwi inapanga “nsungwi ya misozi” (湘妃竹) — chizindikiro cha chikondi chokhulupirika. Misozi yawo pa nthaka ya Junshan inapatsa moyo kwa mitengo ya tiyi. Mwachidule, tiyi wa Junshan — kwenikweni “tiyi wobadwa kuchokera ku misozi ya chikondi.”
Mu 2006, Jūnshān yín zhēn anaperekedwa kwa pulezidenti wa Russia V. V. Putin ngati “mphatso ya boma” — chimodzi mwa zochitika zochepa pamene tiyi adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphatso ya ukazembe pa mlingo wapamwamba.
Pachilumba cha Junshan, kuwonjezera pa minda ya tiyi, kuli: manda a Ehuang ndi Nüying (二妃墓), chipilala cha Qin Shi Huang (封山印), Chitsime cha Liu Yi (柳毅井) — malo a imodzi mwa nthano zotchuka kwambiri zachikondi za ku China, zizindikiro za kupezeka kwa Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Fan Zhongyan. Junshan si malo olima tiyi basi, koma ndi mmodzi mwa “mfundo zofunika” za chitukuko cha China.
“Kufula kawiri” (双闷黄) — teknoloje yapadera, yomwe siipezeka mu tiyi wina aliyense wachikasu. Njira ziwiri za mēnhuáng — 48 + 20 = maola 68 — ndi kufufumiza kotalika kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wachikasu (poyerekeza: Mengding Huang Ya — ~maola 8, Huoshan Huang Ya — masiku 1–2 a “kuyala kouma”).

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina Wachikasu:

Huoshan Huang Ya (霍山黄芽): Onsewa ndi “huáng yá chá” ochokera ku masamba, onse ali mu “anayi wamkulu.” Huoshan — wa m’mapiri, wamchere, wa mtedza, ndi “kuyala kouma” kwa masiku 1–2. Junshan — wa pachilumba, wosalala, wa apricot, ndi “kufula kawiri mokulunga” kwa maola 68. Huoshan — “tiyi-wanzeru”; Junshan — “tiyi-wojambula.”
Mengding Huang Ya (蒙顶黄芽): Onsewa ndi tiyi wakale wa nyumba ya mfumu wokhala ndi mbiri zanthano. Mengding — wa m’mapiri (1456 m), wouchi, wooneka ngati lupanga, “kuwotcha katatu — kufula katatu mu pepala” kwa ~maola 8. Junshan — wa m’nyanja (0 m), wamafuta, wooneka ngati singano, “kufula kawiri” kwa maola 68. Mengding — wokonda kukhala yekha wokondweretsa; Junshan — kazembe wa mfumu.
Pingyang Huang Tang (平阳黄汤): Pingyang — wa m’nyanja, wa chimanga, wopindika, maola 72 a “kuumitsa zisanu ndi zinayi ndi kufula zisanu ndi zinayi.” Junshan — wa m’nyanja, wa pichesi, wooneka ngati singano, maola 72 a “kufula kawiri mokulunga.” Nthawi yonse yofanana — njira zosiyana kotheratu.
Huoshan Huangda Cha (霍山黄大茶): Chosiyana kotheratu: Huangda Cha — tiyi wamakulidwe okhwima wamasamba aakulu wokhala ndi fungo la “mkate” ndi kufula kwa milu kwa sabata. Junshan — masamba opepuka okhaokha okhala ndi kukoma “kosalala” ndi kufula kawiri mokulunga. Mkate wa anthu vs. silika wa mfumu — onsewa ndi achikasu, onsewa ndi amkulu, onsewa ndi osafunikira.

Pomaliza:

Jūnshān yín zhēn — tiyi amene ali ndi zonse: kukongola, kukoma, mbiri, nthano, ukazembe, ndi fizikisi. Ndi tiyi yekha amene “amavina” m’kapu — osati mwakufuna kwa katswiri, koma malinga ndi malamulo a hydrodynamics, oikidwa mu kapangidwe ka masamba ndi chilengedwe chenicheni cha chilumbacho. Ndi tiyi wobadwa kuchokera ku misozi ya akazi awiri amene akulirira mwamuna wawo wokondedwa — ndipo adakhala “mphatso ya boma” kwa apulezidenti ndi akuluakulu. Ndi tiyi wochokera pachilumba pamene anayenda Li Bai ndi Qin Shi Huang, pamene Fan Zhongyan analemba mizere yokhudza udindo ku dziko lonse — ndi pamene 307 mu ya minda ya tiyi amapereka makilogalamu 400 okha a singano za siliva pachaka. “Golide womangidwa ndi mwala wamtengo wapatali” — sizokhudza mtundu wa masamba kokha. Zimakhudza tiyi amene amaphatikiza chitukuko chathunthu.