Jiǔqū Hóng Méi · new.thetea.app

Jiǔqū Hóng Méi ndi tiyi wofiira yekhayo pakati pa tiyi makumi awiri mphambu eyiti odziwika m’chigawo cha Zhejiang, yemwe ali ndi dzina la ndakatulo loti “kansalu kofiira m’nyanja yobiriwira” (万绿丛中一点红). Tiyi wa gongfu-hongcha uyu, yemwe ali ndi mbiri ya zaka pafupifupi mazana awiri, anabadwa pomwe miyambo ya tiyi wofiira wa Fujian anakumana ndi malo apadera a kumadzulo kwa mzinda wa Hangzhou. Masamba ake oonda kwambiri, opindidwa ngati mbedza za nsomba, madzi ake ofiira ngati ruby, ndi fungo lofanana ndi la maluwa ofiira a mume (梅, méi), zamupangitsa kukhala chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe cha tiyi cha West Lake, chimodzi ndi Longjing wodziwika kwambiri.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wofiira waku China (红茶, hóngchá), wochita kuthira kwa okosijeni kwathunthu (kuviritsidwa).
Gulu: Gongfu-hongcha (工夫红茶, gōngfū hóngchá) — tiyi wofiira wochitidwa mwaluso. Amakhala m’gulu la tiyi a mbiri yakale ya China (历史名茶). Ndi tiyi wofiira yekhayo pa mndandanda wa tiyi khumi odziwika a Hangzhou otchedwa “obiriwira asanu ndi anayi, wofiira mmodzi” (九绿一红).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Zhejiang (浙江省, Zhèjiāng shěng), mzinda wa Hangzhou (杭州市, Hángzhōu shì), dera la Xihu (西湖区, Xīhú qū), tawuni ya Shuangpu (双浦镇, Shuāngpǔ zhèn). Midzi ikuluikulu yopangira: Hubu (湖埠), Shuangling (双灵), Zhangyu (张余), Fengjia (冯家), Lingshan (灵山), Shejing (社井), Renqiao (仁桥), Shangyang (上阳), Xiayang (下阳). Mwamwambo, tiyi wabwino koposa amachokera ku phiri la Dawu (大坞山) m’mudzi wa Hubu.
Malo a geogarafiya: pafupifupi 30°10′ N, 120°05′ E (dera la Shuangpu, chigawo chakumwera chakumadzulo kwa Hangzhou, m’mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Qiantang).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Jiǔqū Hóng Méi adapangidwa mu nthawi ya ulamuliro wa mfumu Tongzhi ya mzera wa Qing (清同治年间, 1862–1874), motero mbiri yake yopanga ili pafupifupi zaka zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu mpaka mazana awiri. Kuyamba kwa tiyi uyu kumagwirizana ndi kuwukira kwa Taiping (太平天国, 1850–1864): pamene nkhondo inagunda dera la Wuyishan m’chigawo cha Fujian, mabanja khumi ndi atatu a alimi a tiyi adathawira kumpoto ndikukhazikika m’chigwa cha Dawu — komwe kuli tawuni ya Shuangpu masiku ano. Adatsula mapiri, nabzala zitsamba za tiyi, ndipo pogwiritsa ntchito luso lawo lopanga tiyi wofiira, adayamba kupanga katundu watsopano kuchokera ku zipatso zakomweko. Pang’onopang’ono ukadaulo unasintha kugwirizana ndi malowa, ndipo umu ndi momwe tiyi wofiira wapadera — Jiǔqū Hóng Méi — anabadwira.

Tiyi uyu anadziwika mofulumira. Mu 1886 adalandira mphotho ya golide pa Chionetsero cha Zakudya Padziko Lonse cha Panama. Mu 1915 — golide pa Chionetsero cha Padziko Lonse ku Panama (巴拿马万国博览会). Mu 1926 — mphotho pa Chionetsero cha Padziko Lonse ku Philadelphia. Mu 1928 — mphotho yapadera pa Chionetsero cha Katundu Wadziko cha China ku Shanghai, pomwe “woyera mtima wa tiyi” wa Nyengo Yatsopano, Wu Juenong (吴觉农, Wú Juénóng), mu ndemanga yake ya katswiri analemba: “Tiyi wofiira wa Hangzhou ndi wabwino kopambana mu mtundu, fungo ndi kukoma, ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri.” Mu 1929 tiyi uyu adatenga mphotho yapadera pa Chionetsero choyamba cha West Lake (首届西湖博览会) ndipo anaphatikizidwa m’gulu la tiyi khumi odziwika a China a nthawiyo.

Pambuyo pa kulandidwa kwa Hangzhou ndi asilikali a Japan mu 1937, kupanga kunatsika. Minda ya tiyi inasiyidwa, ndipo pofika pamene China inakhazikitsidwa, dera linali pa mavuto aakulu. M’zaka za m’ma 1950-60 kuyambiranso kwapang’onopang’ono kunayamba: alimi adapanga mabungwe, nabweretsa mitundu yatsopano ndi makina. Komabe, m’zaka za m’ma 1990, potsatira kupambana kwa malonda kwa Xihu Longjing, akuluakulu a boma adakhazikitsa ndondomeko ya “kusintha kuchokera ku ofiira kukhala obiriwira” (以红改绿), ndipo Jiǔqū Hóng Méi anatsala pafupi kutha. Kuyambiranso kunayamba m’zaka za m’ma 2000: mu 2000 chizindikiro cha malonda chinalembetsedwa, mu 2003 satifiketi ya “katundu wobiriwira wa Zhejiang” inalandiridwa, ndipo mu 2006 ndi 2009 luso lopanga linaphatikizidwa m’kaundula wa cholowa chosaoneka cha chikhalidwe cha Hangzhou ndi chigawo cha Zhejiang mosiyanasiyana. Mu 2016 Jiǔqū Hóng Méi anaperekedwa ngati tiyi wovomerezeka wa msonkhano wa G20 ku Hangzhou, ndipo kenako — pa msonkhano wachitatu ndi wachinayi wa Intaneti Padziko Lonse ku Wuzhen (2016, 2017).
Dzina: Dzinali lili ndi magawo atatu a matanthauzo. “Jiǔqū” (九曲) — “mapindikidwe asanu ndi anayi” — limatanthauza kamtsinje kotchuka ka Jiuquxi (九曲溪) m’mapiri a Wuyi, komwe oyambitsa tiyi adachokera, komanso kamtsinje kakang’ono kopindidwa “ka mapindikidwe asanu ndi anayi ndi makhoti khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu” (九曲十八弯) m’dera la Dawu. “Hóng” (红) — “wofiira” — amasonyeza mtundu wa tiyi. “Méi” (梅) — “mume mume” — umagwirizana ndi fungo lapadera lofanana ndi maluwa a mume ofiira. Tiyi amadziwikanso ndi mayina a mbiri yakale ngati Jiǔqū Hóng (九曲红), Jiǔqū Wūlóng (九曲乌龙) ndi Lóngjǐng Hóng (龙井红).
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Monke wodziwika wa ChiBuddha ndi wolemba kalembedwe, Hongyi (弘一法师, Hóngyī fǎshī), wodziwika bwino ngati Li Shutong (李叔同), anayamika tiyi uyu ndi mizere iyi: “Mu chikho cha yade yoyera — mtundu wa agate, pamilomo yofiira ndi pansi pa lilime — fungo la mume” (白玉杯中玛瑙色，红唇舌底梅花香). Jiǔqū Hóng Méi pamodzi ndi Xihu Longjing apanga awiri odziwika bwino a “wofiira mmodzi, wobiriwira mmodzi” (一红一绿) a chikhalidwe cha tiyi cha Nyanja Yakumadzulo, akuyimira kukwanira ndi kuyanjana kwa miyambo ya tiyi ya Hangzhou.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu / Kulitivala: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mtundu wa kumaloko wa gulu (群体种, qúntǐ zhǒng) Camellia sinensis var. sinensis — gulu lomwelo la zitsamba lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga Xihu Longjing. Uwu ndi mtundu wachitsamba wa masamba ang’onoang’ono ndi apakati (灌木型中小叶种), woyimirira, wokhala ndi nthambi zapakatikati. Masamba ndi aatali-ozungulira, mphukira ndi masamba achichepere amtundu wachikasu-wobiriwira, okhala ndi timphuno tambiri. Kulemera kwa mphukira zana limodzi ndi masamba atatu — pafupifupi 71 g. Chomera chimadziwika ndi kusamva chisanu kwambiri ndi kukula mwachangu kwa mphukira.
Kututa: Nyengo yabwino yotuta ndi pafupi ndi Gaoyu (谷雨, “Mvula ya Tirigu,” kaŵirikaŵiri pa 20 April), yomwe ndi mochedwa pang’ono kusiyana ndi Longjing. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti, mosiyana ndi tiyi ambiri, kututa mochedwa kwambiri, kusanafike pa Qingming, sikumaganiziridwa kukhala kwabwino kwa Jiǔqū Hóng Méi — kupsa koyenera kwa masamba kumafika ndendende pa Gaoyu.
Muyezo wa kututa: Mphukira imodzi ndi masamba awiri m’kayendedwe koyamba kotseguka (一芽二叶初展, yī yá èr yè chū zhǎn). Tsamba lisakhale lofewa kwambiri kapena lolimba — mulingo uwu wa kupsa ndi umene umapangitsa kukoma ndi fungo kukhala koyenera.
Zofunikira pazopangira: Tsamba lathunthu, loyera, lopanda zowonongeka kapena matsinde okhwima. Pakatswi pa kututa ndi kuyamba kukonza palibe kuchedwa kochuluka kovomerezeka. Kwa magulu apamwamba, amasankha mphukira zochokera ku zitsamba zakale za tiyi za zaka zoposa zana limodzi.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Mawonekedwe a nthaka ndi malo: Dera lopangira lili m’chigwa cha Dawu (大坞盆地), lozunguliridwa ndi mapiri osatalika. Mawonekedwe a “mapindikidwe asanu ndi anayi ndi makhoti khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu” amapanga timadera tambiri ta nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Kummawa, dera limamangidwa ndi mtsinje wa Qiantang (钱塘江), womwe nthunzi zake zimapanga mitambo yokhazikika ndi chifunga m’maŵa ndi madzulo.
Kutalika kwa malo olimako: kuyambira 100 mpaka 500 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Minda yabwino koposa ili m’mapiri a phiri la Dawu.
Kutentha kwapachaka kwapakati: pafupifupi 16–17°C. Nyengo ndi ya m’madera otentha ndi mphepo zamkuntho, yokhala ndi nyengo yozizira yofewa ndi chirimwe chotentha ndi chinyezi.
Mvula: pafupifupi 1400–1500 mm pachaka, ndi chinyezi chambiri.
Dothi: dothi la mchenga wa asidi (沙质土壤, pH 4,5–5,5), lachonde, lotulutsa madzi bwino. Mapiri ozungulira ali ndi nkhalango zowirira, zomwe zimateteza minda ya tiyi ku mphepo ndi kupereka kuwala kwabwino.
Zachilengedwe: Mu 2008, mudzi wa Shuangling, womwe uli m’dera lopangira, unalandira udindo wa “Mudzi Wazachilengedwe wa Tiyi ku Jiangnan” (江南生态茶村), zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti malowa ndi abwino kwambiri.

5. Ukadaulo Wopanga:

Jiǔqū Hóng Méi amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wachikale wa gongfu-hongcha, womwe umaphatikizapo magawo anayi akuluakulu. Chinthu chosiyanitsa ndi kukwaniritsa maonekedwe oonda kwambiri, opindidwa a masamba, zomwe zimafuna luso lapadera la kupota ndi kuwongolera mosamalitsa kuviritsa.

Kuziziritsa (萎凋, wěidiāo): Masamba angotutidwa kumene amayalidwa mosanjikiza pa matayi a nsungwi. Pakuziziritsa, tsamba limataya chinyezi mofanana, makoma a maselo amafewa, kuthamanga kwa turgor kumatsika. Fungo lakuthwa la udzu limachoka, ndipo tsamba limakhala lofewa, lofunikira popota popanda kusweka. Kutalika kwa nthawi kumadalira kutentha ndi chinyezi.
Kupota (揉捻, róuniǎn): Tsamba loziziritsidwa limapotozedwa ndi makina, kuswa kapangidwe ka maselo ndi kutulutsa madzi a maselo pamwamba. Ndi pa nthawi imeneyi pamene maonekedwe odziwika a “mbedza za nsomba” a Jiǔqū Hóng Méi amapangidwa: masamba oonda kwambiri, opindidwa ngati mbedza zasiliva, omwe amatha kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake ngati mphete. Kupota kumatsimikiziranso kuti ma enzyme agawidwe mofanana kuti athandize kuthira kwa okosijeni. Pakati pa kupota, amachita “kumasula ziphuphu” (搓散, cuōsàn) — kulekanitsa masamba omata.
Kuviritsa/Kuthira kwa okosijeni (发酵, fājiào): Gawo lofunika kwambiri lomwe limatsimikiza mtundu, kukoma ndi fungo la tiyi wofiira. Masamba opotozedwa amaikidwa m’malo a kutentha koyenera (kaŵirikaŵiri 25–30°C) ndi chinyezi. Pothandizidwa ndi polyphenol oxidase, makatekini amathiridwa okosijeni, kusandulika kukhala theaflavins ndi thearubigins. Tsamba limasintha mtundu pang’onopang’ono kuchoka ku wobiriwira kupita ku wachikasu-wagolide ndi wofiira-bulauni, fungo lamphamvu la maluwa ndi zipatso limatuluka. Mwachikhalidwe, njira zachilengedwe zoviritsira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito; mafakitale amakono amagwiritsa ntchito zipinda zodzichitira zokha zoyendetsa kutentha ndi chinyezi.
Kuumitsa (干燥, gānzào): Kumachitidwa m’magawo awiri. Choyamba — “moto woyamba” (毛火, máo huǒ): kuumitsa mwachangu pa kutentha kokwera kuti ma enzyme asagwire ntchito ndi kuyimitsa kuthira kwa okosijeni. Chachiwiri — “moto wokwanira” (足火, zú huǒ): kuumitsa mwapang’onopang’ono pa kutentha kotsika kuti chotsa chinyezi chonse ndi kuwulula fungo. Ndi pa gawo la “moto wokwanira” pamene fungo lofanana ndi utsi wopepuka wa utomoni wa paini ndi kutsekemera kwa uchi kumayamba.
Kusanja (分级, fēnjí): Tiyi womalizidwa amasefedwa ndi kugawidwa m’magulu. Amasankha magulu ofanana, ogwirizana okhala ndi nsonga zagolide zambiri.

6. Makhalidwe Ooneka ndi Kumva:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Chizindikiro cha Jiǔqū Hóng Méi ndi maonekedwe ake apadera. Masamba ndi oonda kwambiri, ngati tsitsi, opindidwa molimba m’mapindikidwe okongola, ofanana ndi mbedza za nsomba kapena mabatani a siliva; akawagwira m’manja, amalumikizana, kupanga “timagulu” tozungulira. Mtundu — wakuda, wonyezimira wamafuta (乌润), wokutidwa ndi timphuno tagolide tambiri (金毫).
Fungo la masamba owuma: Lolemera, la magawo ambiri: fungo lamphamvu la uchi ndi caramel, lotsatiridwa ndi kamvekedwe ka maluwa, kofanana ndi fungo la maluwa a mume ofiira (méi). M’magulu apamwamba pamakhala fungo lachepa la orchid (兰花香) ndi fungo lopepuka, losamveka bwino la utsi wa utomoni wa paini.
Fungo la madzi: Lalitali ndi lokhazikika, lophatikiza kutsekemera kwa uchi, maluwa a mume ofiira ndi nthengo za zipatso zapsa. Fungo limawululika m’mafunde angapo: kutsanulira koyamba — kamvekedwe kowala ka maluwa; pakati — kotentha ka uchi-caramel; komaliza — kofewa ka mtengo-kotsekemera.
Kukoma: Kolimba ndi kodzaza, kokhala ndi kutsekemera kwachilengedwe komveka ndi kapangidwe kake ka “velvet.” M’kukoma kumamveka zokometsera za uchi wapsa, zipatso zofiira ndi caramel. Kuŵaŵa kumakhala kofewa ndi kosangalatsa, kusintha mofulumira kukhala kukoma kotalika kotsalira (回甘, huígān). Magulu abwino koposa amasonyeza “kukoma kwa guiyuan” (桂圆汤味) — kutsekemera kozungulira kofanana ndi longan.
Mtundu wa madzi: Wofiira kwambiri, wonyezimira, wowala ndi woyera, wokhala ndi mzere wagolide wooneka bwino m’mphepete mwa chikho (金圈, jīnquān) — chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa theaflavins ndi chisonyezero cha khalidwe.
Pansi pa tiyi (masamba ophikidwa): Wofiira-wowala, wopakidwa utoto mofanana, masamba ofewa, athunthu, otseguka ngati “maluwa” ang’onoang’ono (红艳成朵). M’magulu apamwamba — ofewa, osalala, onyezimira.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:

Polyphenols: Kuchuluka kwa polyphenols a tiyi mu zopangira — pafupifupi 25.6% (polemera kouma). Pakuthira kwa okosijeni kwathunthu, gawo lalikulu la makatekini limasandulika kukhala theaflavins (茶黄素, cháhuángsù) ndi thearubigins (茶红素, cháhóngsù), zomwe zimapanga mtundu wofiira wa madzi, “velvet” wa kukoma ndi mzere wagolide. Chiŵerengero cha theaflavins ndi thearubigins ndi chisonyezero chofunikira cha khalidwe: pamene gawo la theaflavins lili lalikulu, ndiye kuti madzi amakhala owala komanso “amoyo.” Kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa zinthu za okosijeni wa polyphenols ndi 5–15% ya kulemera kouma.
Amino asidi: Kuchuluka kwathunthu — pafupifupi 3.5%, zomwe ndi zokwera pafupifupi kwa tiyi wofiira. L-theanine (L-茶氨酸) imapereka kutsekemera kwachilengedwe, kufewa kwa kukoma ndi “kutsitsimuka” (鲜爽感). Kuchuluka kwa amino asidi kumagwirizana ndi zopangira zabwino zochokera ku mtundu wa gulu la zitsamba za Longjing.
Alkaloids: Kafeini (咖啡碱) — 2–4% ya kulemera kouma, yopereka mphamvu yolimbikitsa. Theobromin ndi theophylline amapezeka m’miyeso yochepa, akuwonjezera mphamvu yofewa yolimbikitsa.
Makatekini: Kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa makatekini mu zopangira zoyamba — pafupifupi 11.3%. Pambuyo pa kuviritsa, gawo lalikulu limasandulika, koma makatekini otsala amateteza mphamvu ya antioxidant.
Zinthu zosasintha zopangira fungo: Zigawo zazikulu za fungo — linalool (芳樟醇, fāngzhāngchún), geraniol (香叶醇, xiāngyèchún), benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde ndi methyl salicylate. Kuphatikiza kwawo ndiko kumapanga mawonekedwe apadera a fungo la “méi-uchi.”
Mavitamini: Vitamini C (imawonongeka pang’ono pakuviritsa), B₁, B₂, P (rutin), PP (nicotinic acid).
Maminerolo: Potaziyamu, maniyamu, calcium, manganese, zinc, fluorine, selenium.

8. Ubwino Wathanzi:

Mphamvu yolimbikitsa ndi kuzindikira: Kuphatikiza kwa kafeini ndi L-theanine kumapereka mphamvu yofewa, yokhazikika yopanda kuthamanga kwadzidzidzi, kukonza kukhazikika ndi liwiro la kuchitapo kanthu.
Chitetezo cha antioxidant: Theaflavins, thearubigins ndi makatekini otsala amachotsa ma free radicals, kuchepetsa kupsyinjika kwa okosijeni m’maselo.
Kuthandizira chakudya: Polyphenols a tiyi ndi ma asidi achilengedwe amathandizira mofewa kutulutsa madzi a m’mimba ndi kayendedwe ka m’mimba, kumachepetsa kugaya chakudya chamafuta. Tiyi wofiira wofunda ndi wabwino m’mimba.
Kuthandizira mtima ndi mitsempha: Malinga ndi kafukufuku, kumwa tiyi wofiira pang’onopang’ono kumatha kuthandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ya LDL ndikuwongolera kusinthasintha kwa mitsempha.
Kuthetsa tizilombo: Polyphenols amalepheretsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi ndi thanzi la mkamwa.
Mphamvu yotenthetsa: Tiyi wofiira mwamwambo amaonedwa kuti ndi “wotentha” (性温) mwakudya kwa chi China ndipo amalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu a thupi “lozizira,” m’nyengo yozizira ndi kubwezeretsa mphamvu.
Ubwino wa maganizo: L-theanine imakhala ndi mphamvu yochepetsa nkhawa, ndipo fungo lofunda lotsekemera la méi limapereka mphamvu yopumula m’malingaliro.

9. Kaphikidwe:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 90–95°C. Kwa magulu a masika ofewa kwambiri okhala ndi nsonga zagolide zambiri, mutha kuchepetsa kufika 85–90°C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 4–5 g pa 100–120 ml (njira ya gongfu); 2–3 g pa 200–250 ml (kumwetsa m’chikho kapena njira ya ku Ulaya).
Ziwiya: Gaiwan (盖碗) yoyera ya porcelain ya 100–120 ml — ndi yabwino kuti fungo limveke komanso kuwonera mtundu wa madzi. Chifuku cha porcelain chimagwiranso ntchito. Kapu ya galasi lowonekera imakuthandizani kusangalala ndi “kuvina” kwa masamba oonda kwambiri. Kwa magulu olimba, chifuku cha Yixing cha dothi lofiirira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsani gaiwan kapena chifuku ndi madzi owira, tsani madzi.
2. Ikani tiyi, gwedezani pang’ono chidebecho kuti kutentha kutulutse fungo la masamba owuma — pumani ndi kuyamikira.
3. Kutsuka (润茶): mwakufuna kwanu — kutsanulira kofulumira kwa masekondi 1–2 kuti masamba “adzuke.”
4. Kutsanulira koyamba: tsanulani madzi, lowani kwa masekondi 5–8, tsanulirani mu chahai (公道杯).
5. Kutsanulira kotsatira: onjezani nthawi ndi masekondi 3–5 pa kutsanulira kulikonse.
6. Chiwerengero cha kutsanulira: 6–8 okwanira kwa tiyi wabwino; magulu abwino koposa amalola kufika 10.
7. Ndi njira ya ku Ulaya: 2–3 g pa kapu ya 200 ml, kumwetsa kwa mphindi 3–4.

10. Kusunga:

Jiǔqū Hóng Méi ndi tiyi wokhala ndi kuthira kwa okosijeni kwathunthu, zomwe zimamupatsa kukhazikika kwabwino posunga, komabe amafunikira kutsatira malamulo oyambira. Tiyi ayenera kusungidwa m’chiwiya chotsekedwa bwino (thumba la aluminiyamu mkati mwa chitini cha malata), chotetezedwa ku kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo lachilendo. Kutentha koyenera — 10–25°C; kusunga m’firiji sikufunika ndipo sikulimbikitsidwa. Nthawi yosungira pamikhalidwe yoyenera — miyezi 18–24; pa nthawi imeneyi tiyi amasunga kutsitsimuka ndi kuwala kwa fungo. Magulu ena olimba ndi kuumitsidwa kwakukulu amapindula pakugona kwa zaka 2–3: fungo limakhala lakuya, kukoma kozungulira. Pambuyo pa kutsegula phukusi, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito tiyi mkati mwa miyezi 2–3.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Mitundu ya mitengo ya Jiǔqū Hóng Méi ndi yotakata. Mtengo wongoyerekeza pamsika wamkati wa China: gulu lapadera (特级) — kuyambira 700 yuan pa 500 g, gulu loyamba (一级) — pafupifupi 400 yuan, gulu lachiwiri (二级) — pafupifupi 250 yuan. Zomwe zimakhudza mtengo: malo (tiyi wochokera ku phiri la Dawu ndi wodula), nyengo ndi muyezo wa kututa (gawo la nsonga), dzanja kapena makina, zaka za zitsamba za tiyi (zitsamba zakale — gulu lapamwamba), udindo wa mphotho ndi kukhala wa mtundu.

Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
1. Gulani kwa opereka odalirika omwe ali ndi umboni wochokera ku dera la Shuangpu, Xihu.
2. Onani maonekedwe: Jiǔqū Hóng Méi weniweni ali ndi maonekedwe apadera oonda kwambiri “onga mbedza,” masamba akawagwira amalumikizana — izi ndizovuta kutsanzira.
3. Fungo liyenera kukhala loyera, lapamwamba, lokhala ndi zokometsera za méi ndi uchi, lopanda chaukali cha mankhwala kapena kununkhiza.
4. Madzi — ofiira kwambiri, owonekera, okhala ndi mzere wagolide wooneka bwino; madzi amtambo kapena osawala akuwonetsa khalidwe lotsika.
5. Mtengo wokayikitsa wotsika wa gulu la “mphotho” kapena “lapadera” ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika cha chinyengo.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

Jiǔqū Hóng Méi ndi umodzi mwa tiyi ochepa ofiira omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku zitsamba zomwezo zomwe zimatulutsa tiyi wotchuka wobiriwira wa Xihu Longjing. Choncho, “wofiira mmodzi, wobiriwira mmodzi” (一红一绿) ndi ndithu tiyi awiri ochokera m’munda umodzi, koma ndi ukadaulo wosiyana kwambiri wopangira.
M’chikhalidwe cha nthano za kumaloko za dera la Lingshan pali nthano yokongola: kamnyamata kotchedwa Along (阿龙, “Chinjiro Chaching’ono”) anameza mwangozi ngale yamatsenga ndikusandulika kukhala chinjiro chakuda (乌龙). Polephera kusiyana ndi makolo ake, amayang’anayang’ana popindika kulikonse, akuyenda pansi pa kamtsinje, — umo ndi mmene kamtsinje kopindidwa ka “mapindikidwe asanu ndi anayi” kudapangidwira. Pambuyo pake, tiyi wofiira wopangidwa m’mphepete mwake adatchedwa “Jiǔqū Wūlóng,” kenako “Jiǔqū Hóng Méi” — chifukwa cha fungo lake lofanana ndi maluwa a mume.
Pa msonkhano wa G20 ku Hangzhou (2016) ndi pa msonkhano wachitatu ndi wachinayi wa Intaneti Padziko Lonse ku Wuzhen, tiyi uyu adasankhidwa kukhala chakumwa chovomerezeka cha mwambo, kupereka tiyi wofiira wa Hangzhou kwa atsogoleri a dziko.
Ukadaulo wopanga Jiǔqū Hóng Méi uli m’kaundula wa cholowa chosaoneka cha chigawo cha Zhejiang (2009), zomwe zimagogomezera kufunika kwake ngati mwambo wamoyo.
Katswiri wa chi Buddha ndi mphunzitsi, Hongyi (Li Shutong, 1880–1942), mmodzi mwa anthu owala kwambiri a chikhalidwe cha nthawi yoyambirira ya Republic of China, anasiya ndakatulo ya mizere iwiri yoperekedwa kwa tiyi uyu, yomwe idakhala “chizindikiro” chake.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina Wofiira:

Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng (正山小种): Tiyi wofiira wochokera ku Wuyishan, Fujian — malo obadwira a mwambo umene unabweretsa moyo kwa Jiǔqū Hóng Méi. Xiǎozhǒng, makamaka mtundu wake wozirala, umadziwika ndi fungo lamphamvu la utsi wa paini (松烟香) ndi thupi lolimba komanso lamafuta. Jiǔqū Hóng Méi ndi tiyi wowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso “wonunkhira”: fungo lake ndi lochepetsetsa, thupi ndi lolemera pang’ono, ndipo maonekedwe a masamba ndi apadera.
Qí Hóng (祁红) — Qímén Hóngchá: Tiyi wofiira wodziwika wochokera ku Anhui. Qí Hóng amadziwika ndi “fungo la Qimen” (祁门香) — la orchid-zipatso, lokhala ndi zokometsera za rozi. Poyerekeza ndi Jiǔqū Hóng Méi, maonekedwe a masamba ake ndi oyenera (ting’onoting’ono, tosanjikana), kukoma kwake ndi kofewa komanso sikuli “kochuluka uchi.” Jiǔqū Hóng Méi amamuposa pa kukongola kwapadera kwa maonekedwe, ndipo mawonekedwe a fungo amakhala okonda “méi-uchi” kusiyana ndi “rozi-orchid” ya Qí Hóng.
Diānhóng (滇红): Tiyi wofiira wa Yunnan wochokera ku mtundu wa masamba aakulu Camellia sinensis var. assamica. Diānhóng ndi wamphamvu, wodzaza, wokhala ndi zokometsera za cocoa ndi zipatso zouma, nsonga zagolide. Jiǔqū Hóng Méi amasiyana naye kotheratu pa khalidwe: wodzipereka, waulemu, wokhala ndi maonekedwe a “siliva” owoneka bwino komanso kapangidwe kopepuka, wopangidwa kuchokera ku mtundu wa masamba ang’onoang’ono.
Jiǔcéng Shān Hóngchá (九层山红茶): Tiyi wofiira wamasiku ano wa ku Taiwan, wopangidwa kumapiri. Amasiyana ndi kutsekemera kwa zipatso kwakukulu ndi kutsitsimuka kwa “m’mapiri,” komwe kumadziwika ndi malo a Taiwan. Jiǔqū Hóng Méi ndi wa “chikale” pa khalidwe, akutsindika fungo la méi ndi kupota mwaluso.

Pomaliza:

Jiǔqū Hóng Méi ndi tiyi wodabwitsa: wobadwa kuchokera kwa othawa kwawo ku Wuyishan kumene nkhondo inawononga, adapeza nkhope yake m’mphepete mwa Qiantang, adapulumuka nthawi ya kuiwalika ndikubwerera pa siteji ya dziko lonse ngati chakumwa chovomerezeka cha misonkhano ikuluikulu yapadziko lonse. Masamba ake oonda kwambiri, opindidwa m’mizere yasiliva, madzi ake ofiira a ruby okhala ndi mzere wagolide ndi fungo la magawo ambiri — kuchokera pa funde loyamba la maluwa a méi kufika pa kumaliza kotentha ka uchi — amapanga chochitika cha tiyi chaulemu komanso chakuya. Tiyi uyu ndi wabwino kwa iwo amene amayamikira mu tiyi wofiira osati mphamvu ndi kukhwima, koma ulemu, kucholoŵana ndi mbiri. Pamodzi ndi mnzake wamuyaya — Xihu Longjing wobiriwira — Jiǔqū Hóng Méi amapanga awiri ogwirizana, oyimira kukwanira kwa chikhalidwe cha tiyi cha likulu lakale la Southern Song.